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THE NEW YORK LINE OF PACKET SHIPS Sail punctually on the Regular Days from LIVERPOOL, vizi :—
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liBBBS i—trntwoa iur »uo i-iujkisw. • -rum Lbbds :—Prirted for the Proprietor * EA j^L j
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tons ¦ Register . PATRICK HENRY , Deluno , 1000 25 th April . VIRGINIA , i Allen , 650 1 st May . HOTTINGUER , i Bursley , 1035 5 th — NEW SHIP LIBERTY Norton , 960 13 th — In lieu of ROSCIUS , which Ship has been Chartered for the full compliment of Steerage Passsengers .
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^ mttifi . - NOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . ' rpHE Undermentioned Vessels are fitted ^ X expressly for the Comfortable ConveyaDce *^ Passengers , m Cabin , Second Cabin , and Steerao ? and the charge for tonnage is tinxtsiutllylovo . E « 7 S Adult Passenger will be supplied by ' theShinvrio , one pound of Bread Stuff , and three quarta of nhS water daily during the voyage , and if detained ^ Liverpool after tne day appointed for sailing anS sistence money will be allowed according to lj » Persons in the country can . secure Berths by sendu » a deposit of £ 1 each , with names and ages . ^
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THE Council of tbe Arbroath Chartist Association having read in the Starof the First of April * , speech delivered by Con Murray , at a meetw ? fc Edinburgh , charging Abram Duncan , with polifisS dishonesty , tney hereby Challenge Con Murray fat prove the assertion before a fair open Public Meft . ing of the Inhabitants of Arbroath , convened f ^ that purpose , athjs earliest possible convenience ; Signed on behalf of the Meeting , > Donald Sxuaht , Chairman . Jakes Losh , Secretary . > Arbroath , 22 nd April , 1843 . *
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This day is published , Price 4 d . j mHE PAWNER'S GUIDE , being a compjeii JL Expose * of the System , with every necesan Information ; the whole forming a complete Boofctf useful Knowledge on the subject . By a Praetisinr Barrister . ^™ Price Sixpence , ] The Laws of Landlord and Tenant . By Alfred Best , Barrister . ' T Price 2 s . in Cloth , or in Seventeen Numbers , it Id . each , , ., A concise History of Modern Priestcraft , frea the time of Henry 8 th to the present Period , fiv B . R . Buchanan .
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NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , that a meeting of the Commissioners for putting ia Execution an Act of Parliament passed in the TWrtj Third Year of the Reign of King George the Third , infr tuled , ** An Act for making and maintaining * Navigable Canal from the Ki ' ver Calder , ia we Township of WarmGeld-eum-Heath , to or neitilt Town of Barnsley , and from thence to Bafnby Bridge , in the Township of Cawthorne , in the WesJRiding of the County of York , and certain Railways aud other Roads to communicate therewith , " will be held by Adjournment at the Court House , ia BarnBley , in the County of York , on Tuesday , tiio Sixteenth of May next , at Eleven o'Clock in flifl Forenoon , for the purpose of hearing Evidence , administering the Oaths , taking the Inquigition . and
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Now publishing in Penny Numbers and Foar pewy Parts , VO LT A I RE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY , verbatim from tbe Ongitta ^ Six Volumes , at the price of £ 2 10 s . This | « will be comprised in 120 Nos . or 30 Parts . _ 1 W £ will be published this ensuing weak . l f . J nL Volume comprising 60 Nos . or 15 Parts , and wo ? trated with an excellent Portrait of the AuUM may bfrhad bound in strong Cloth , vn ™ 5 i - * fcuZ Part will appear every fortnight , until tbew&ow " completed . Also , may be had ,
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TO DANIELL O'COKNELL , ESQ ,, M . P . SiBy—I presume your memory will be sufficiently "retentive in calling yon to a recollection of thembjeet matter of this letter as laid down in my second leading : of the 15 th . I will therefore without farther preface proceed to the discussion of the great principle of toleration which sboald ' gniatraad direct ^ 1 statesmen in legislating for a peepto so Taned and whimacal in their religious ephriens as the . nhabitants of these kingdoms ; a pnseiple whicfe
is second to none in point < £ -nnperta » 3 e ; Jor ^ n the reducing it to practice sad .-carrying At out in . the ; ¦ proper spirit-depaods the "happiness or misery « T Iterasands . A principle -which : yoa have set at ^ nrogfat and attempted to destroy to-serve your own fease purposes- A . principle , Sir , wfaeh we will pse-¦ serre in vV . atefcy the power of an- « alightened patflic top ' r " - * . despfcs ihe ** £ aii&al Bayinga and doings of ^ f ] , h « Ion g 4 aced MJnt O * Gonnells , Colquhouns , » n i Agnews , * rith * wiick tils sentry has heen ^ snd s Tet i torseeatted . txexcite the worst of
In -vouxatwmpfcs > passions ^ my countrymen-and to stir-op the unhappy prejudices : eES&Dg 5 hi ? eland ^> nthe-endlesB an d trade-fined quesiao * -of religion , you -are sapping the foundation of a © social-eraer , and-will ultimately , « nless eommoe sense -comes to their rescue , drive these people "to destruction hy setting taem in each other ' s 3 iecks « n knotty points of thoolojjy , which has occupied -t&eattentien of the chaps in . black for the last eighteen hundred and forfcy-three years , and which ^ ro jast as fsrfxom . being amicably arrangedsew as theiirst moment the disputes arose . The enemies of freedom , amongst whom you may with great propriety i > e called the thief , hare reported ty > many schemes far the purpose of thwarting onr bamane
elgeet in securing to the poor man the full privilege « f enjoying the reward of his industry . At one ¦ time the oM embers of national enmity are blown into life rat another time the deadly tends ofOatho-2 ic 3 and -Protestants are abetted and encouraged by « ar cr « el governors and their-supporters , and after these oententicms hoses hare caused thB death of Tnany aisled ignorant dupes , and the combatants , by the partial spreading of useful knowledge , have ieen &own a sight of their follies , so as to" enable them , m a great measure , to guard against the wily eoneoetk > Bs « f English and Irish Catholic and Protestaat do-nothings , led oh by such pious Christians as yon , Sir Hsroour t Lees , and Colonel Verner ; after the people of Ireland . I say , have so far got
ihemselves disengaged from these « ld bug-bears , it remains for Me . Daniel CCpnnell , er-Lord Mayor , dictator general , to ^ he * loyal ' starving Repealers , member for all Ireland , and the best abased man in the whole world , and . to show his superior skill as the ; father of all the Government ^ scheme ^ s in fomenting strife , i > y stepping in with another wellaariufactured trap , to catchthe remaining ignorance and turn it to the best possible advantage in filling yonr unholy money bags . In the notoriens speech to which I am now directing the attention of my eonntrymen , yon have -departed from the old emblems of discord , the orange and green , and substituted that of religion andirreligion : you make a holy appeal to Catholics ,
Protestants , Presbyterians , Methodists , and the thousand and one other fanatical squads by whom * bepesee of society-Is da 2 y disturbed , to unite in a firm bond of ¦ uzion , not for the purpose of bringing about such a change in the constitution of the laws , as everygood man must desire ^ bnt for a determined and Mody onslaught on the growing spirit of what ^ ou are pleased to call infidelity . Yon tell them of one Tsylor , an infidel bookseller , who opened a shop in DnbliB , some years ago , who was known by the cognomen of the devil ' s chaplain , and then "by way of showing your gaping auditory howthey may eaaly get jid of your political opponents , yon indirectly pay a high compliment to a number of jonne men , Protestants and Catholics , who pnlled
this infidel oat of his shop , in a lane off Graf tonstreet , dragged him along the streets shouting " send-the fool farther" until they came to the Liffey , -where they would hare actually drowned him , had it not been for the interference of some policemen ! After delivering yourself of this choice morsel , you ezultingly exclaim—that same night be went off to England , and has never since dared to pollute , the soil of Ireland . Inhuman , intolerant , unsocial and anti-Christian monster , thou fit companion for the beastly Calvin at the stake of Severitus , what did tou mean by the narration of this savage conduct 1 Will yon . answer this question ! 2 fo , no , yon will sot J ihe viciousness of your persecuting spirit destroys
thsJfc little something which never fails to warn yon that . yon are walking in the ways of wickedness for which , unless you repent , the all-powerful ruler of the universe will call von to a fearful account . Uut &s there is no likelihood of yon giving ns an -answer on this side the grave , and in all probability you . will have eaongh to do on the other side , I will not press it fox the present , but content my > seliyaeeorduig to my own humble judgment , in making up the deficiency , leaving it to an enlightened public to Bay ¦ whether I am right or wrong . In the first place , then , as shewn in my last , yon endeavoured to make the people of Ireland believe that Chartism and Socialism were one and the same
^ ystenx . Secondly , youheldoniihai if permitted to go on they "Would destroy chrisiianiiy , and as a means to arrest Iheir progress you call on the Catholic priesthood { which I am ' sorry to say too often became your pliant tools ) to assist you in warning your hearers against any eonseetion with their professors , that Shey are not to bold any intercourse with them in the common concerns of life— -not even so much as speak £ o them . And , lastly , by referring to the case of the Rev . Mr . Taylor , yon are advising them indirectlv to go andpuUfhe Chartists and their good friend O'llijtgins cut of their Hall , in Konh Ann-stree ^ drag them to the Uffey , and either throw them in , or terrify them bo as this they may cut off to England , never more "with their pestilential tread to pollute' the soil of your profitable speculations . Dan , my dear , isn ' t this what you want to be at ! I defy any rational man to arrive at a different conclusion .
2 ? ow , Sir , allow me to digress for a moment , and for the sake of argument , suppose you to be a Caikolic , have you , in this instance , used the proper means for the preservation of that faith from the inroads of the unbeliever or infidel ! I deny that you have . I deny that the cruelties and prosecutions recommended by you will have the effect of putting down Socialism . On the -other hand , it is tie best possible course you could pursue for Hb increase ; and when their next Congress meets in London , jou are fully entitled u > an unanimous vote of thanks for
yo « r furious attacks . All history warrants us in saying , and you must be better acquainted with it than I am , that when a man is persecuted for his © pinions , he will cling more tenaciously to them , bo matter how absurd they may appear . The interference of ene man with the belief of . another iB tyranny of the blackest dye ; and I would l ike to fcnow what good r-esols could follow the beating an infidel into a compliance with your creed . If by forcehels compelled to profess , does that make him less sceptical at heart 3 Surely not .
Bnt , viewing this matter in another light , let me ask how are the ooinionB of mankind formed on the great and mysterioas < jBestion of religion ? Is it not by the usages , customs , and laws of their varions nations , in many eases from time immemorial ? I f so , then how can yos -change them } By the same process employed in their propagation—time and perseverence . If there be a man living who doubts the truth of this , I ask hia to cast his eyes over the world , and tell me how many of its thousandmiljions of inhabitants believe the doctrines of either Catholics , Protestants , or infidels , or the whole of them put together ; aot the one-fourth , aud yet yoa have the daring iaapadeace io tell H 3 that unless they believe jour Catholicism ,
Pwtesiantism , PresbyterUaksn , or Methodism , they should not be permitted to exist in the beautiful green land of our birth . I should like to see > ou -and your modern OatftwtiaTis armed frith clubs , set ¦ cat on an excursion lor the conversion of the two bandred and seventy millions of Chiaeee , from thence wend your way ^ to t he banks of the ^ Ganges , and persuade the vast population « f Hindostsn to change -the religion of the Brarains and the worship of Juggernaut for that of the Methodist ranters , dacei 2 £ about like the warlocks and fiends in Borns ' s poem . of Tarn O'Sbanter . If you survived this
expeditioa , I would have you mareh upon Persia and Constantinople , and overturn the Pagan rites and ceremonies of the Mahometans , who pat their prophet ia . the place of onr Saviour ; sad if you be not crowned « ith laurels by the British and Foreign Bible' Society on your return ; then I should say they are an nngratefnl body of holy swindlers , and undeserving of another annual subscription from iheir English goll 3 . Bni , Sr , to return ; is it on the score of religion you are making such powerful efforts to extirpate nnbelievv ^ rsi I g » y it i 3 not ; it is your last polifical shift , aD yoer other plans are irorn threadbare ; andiiow , —
¦** The tea < & aiffii the hangman's -rhlp to keep the 'wreUbJn orde& " ' Yoa kave jasf aboat as much religion in your heart as a horse or a eow . Yon may stare : but Jtop a TPee , TO , Vtare it as clear as rock ¦ water . If I don ^ miie you th e prince of infidels 111 suffer to to branded as a liar for the Temainder of my life . I know you are looked upon as a person of very reli ^ iouB habits , but the p « ople iatrepeBerod many tflinga" which timeiand experi-« n » e have prrren io be erroi ^ eons . Your friend * even co ai far aato b * t that Touteep aeonfaaor forVour
own especial use , iut many is " - the time I have said it woald take half a dozen of . them to do you full jniiofc Tne Catholic Church i ^ eguires on the part of- communicants , ihe most holy ¦ and epotless life , ftee from erery st » in or blemish ; fe \»* yonr lifeis not of this description , I have already . shewn by incontrovertible evidence ; and , in addltii . ' n to what has beai given , I wHl oocupylbeTemaindei * of this , and »• portion of ^ my next letter , in taking a cursory glance at your whole labour , but it must of necessity be only a mere sketchj for to goihef alllen&th in all feat j aXjitb © wiitt » « s the subject , would oonsnme
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more tim e than I can command and more space than thr , forty-eight columns of this poor man ' s journal . It nv ^ y not beamiss to inquirehere what is meant by the strict application of the terra infidel . I am well ' enough aware that in the common acceptation it is-applied to a person who doubts or denies the © ftine Revelation of the Scriptures ! or the fundamgatal principles of Christianity . But I think 1 'hs 7 e heard it said , and some of the English gram-¦ marians quoted as authority , that an infidel was a | 'Ban who believed one thing , while , at the same time , I * ke professed the contrary . If I am correct in this then you are the man and the infidel , for you profess to belWre the ttootrines of the Catholio Church , and
not only that , but in-the fullness of your hypocritical heart you attend regularly on her sacraments , while you prove your disbelief by going out from the table of the Lord to rob the poor by political jugglery ; in confirmation of which I point to yoiir conduct on the passing * nd carrying out of the Emancipation BilL After you had bartered the forty shilling freeholders for this Bill many blamed you , but the great mass gave you credit for good intention * . The speeches which you had made in Waterford and many other places in support of the starving people against the warms of law gamblers which overran the kingdom was then ringing in the ears of your numerous supporters , among whom I was one ; but on seeing you take
advantage of the power and influence which this Bill gave you , in joining the robbera by the establishment of a bank , the operations of which tended tojaise the prices of the neceBsarieB of life on those who were too poor to purchase them even at the cheapest rate , we could not conscientiously remain longer attached te your trinmpttal car , when as Dr . M'Hale has trnly said , you made use of-the power of the people to secure places and pensions for those who assisted you in your gullible profession . Then any man , not blinded by interest , might easily have seen that your object was plunder , _ and that yon cared not what means yon employed in getting at it . You have exhibited throughout a system of doubledealing , seldom to be met with , and when taken as a "whole will , I believe , be found without a parallel in the biographies of all other publio men . Your
political conjuring is of the most masterly description . You first use , d the people to terrify the Government into a compliance with your wishes , and after you had got all you conld gatherin that quarter you turn round and actually blind them so far that these game people pay you a tribute of from 12 to jg-20 , 000 a year for the glorious privilege of being jewed . No other living man could have performed Kuch a feat Giving the devil his due , you are decidedly a clever old fellow , and of all the infidel tribe you deserve the highest niche in their temple . Your shuHing and monstrous inconsistencies on the tithe and other questions which have occupied the House of imbeciles during the last seven or eight years , has been so well handled by Mr . O'Higgins and many other able writers in this paper , that it would be quite superfluous in me bringing them forward again .
I will now , for the satisfaction of my brother Chartists who sympathise with my countrymen in their extreme sufferings , give a sample of the wretchedness which prevails among the peasantry , for whose spiritual welfare you hypocritically pretend to be so much concerned . It is from the lips of the lamented Mr . Inglis , in his sworn testimony before a committee of the Honse of Commons many years ago , and their situation has been daily and hourly growing worse since hi 3 time . In speaking of the Connty Limerick in reply to the question
" What description of beds have they in their honses ? He says , I protest I have beeen perfectly shocked at hearing an account of it . The Police in searching at night , of course , are sometimes obliged to disturb the family . They scarcely ever have any bedding except straw , and it appears to me that the family are huddled together , without distinction of age or sex , and often with scarcely any thing to cover them . " Have they any description of bedsteads \ Tes , they have some , bnt in general they lie on straw , on the ground . " is that ground floored with any thing 1 No , it is the bare clay , not an instance to the contrary . " As tcr the value of the house itself , how many pounds would it take to construct 1 1 cannot exactly say , I believe the greater part of these cabins would sot cost twenty shillings .
" Is the peasant an occupier of land in general i In general he is an occupier of a small tenement on some of which he grows a little grain , and the rest in potatoes . He generally has a pig or two , and a few fowk ; ihe Tent is paid by the grain ; the price of the pigs , and the eggs , and fowls , which are reared about the house , and I believe generally speaking , thatlhe peasant never eats a morsel of bread from the beginning to the end of the year . I inquired and was credibly informed , that the lower orders have not even milk ; 1 inquired particularly respecting this subject , and was greatly " surprised by the information . "
Mr . Inglis then goes on to describe other parts of the conntry , and coming to the town of Callen , in the neighbourhood of Kilkenny , he says , ll 1 walked through the town to the outskirts , ana round a little common which lies close to it , and there I saw the people crawling out ef their hovels , they and _ their hovels not one shade better than I have seen in the seirras of Granada , where people live in holes excavated in the banks , their cabins were mere holes , with nothing within them , ( I speak of two whi « h I entered ) , except a little straw and one or two broken stools ; and all the other outskirts of the town are in nearly the same condition ; ranges of hovels without a ray of comfort , or a trace of civilization about them ; and people either in a state of actual starvation , or barely keeping body and soul together . "
Now Dan , my good fellow , what do you think of this picture from a disinterested English tourist , who could have no other earthly object than that of laying the truth before his countrymen . Bead it again ; and see if yonr conscience will sting you , for having deluded theso people for forty long years , gathered their pence , and left them in this sad situation ; and that , too , when the Liberal press—the Catholic press—the religions press of Dublin is constantly employed , from one end of the year to the other , hounding them to come up with your ** rint , " just the same as if there were not a bowl of porridge in your mansion at Derrynane Abbey . Who is the infidel—the man who can roll in luxury , at the expense of so much deplorable misery ; or the
Chartist , whose whole soul is devoted towards the establishment of a code of laws , having for their object the political redemption of this hitherto unfortunate race t Let reason and common sense sit in judgment between you and ns , and we will cheerfully bow to the decision . Permit me to close this letter by advising you—if advice can make any impression on your stubborn , selfish , and callous heart , —to change your tactics , and unite politically with every man , no matter of what religion or no religion , so being he is disposed to assist in alleviating the distress which now pravails throughout the land . "What matters it to you or to me how our neighbour worshipa God , if he gives ns the same privilege of the free « xercise of opinion which he takes to himself J If he conscientiously sets aEide all revelation , or even denies the
existence of a Supreme Being to be adored and worshipped , is that a sufficient reason for depriving him of his natural rights ? The thing will not bear investigation for one moment . When we contemplate the rivers of blood that have been shed by the various religious sects in their quarrels for the supremacy , it should act as a warning to mankind , not to be led away by such as you , when the devil so far gets the better of you a 3 to suggest such a barbarous system as that recommended to the repealers . 1 know yonr object was to destroy the influence of Chartism in Ireland ; thiB you can never de , for its intrinsic merits are such as to make proselytes in any country whose people have suffered bo much at the hand of the tyrants , both foreign and domestic . It is the only healing balm for the broken-hearted l abourer , and when once its effects are felt , he will . sing with the
poet—«* HaD . ' blest society , whom friendship binds In thy mysterious silken chain , Who meet * possessed of liberal minds , To heighten joy and banish pain . Be ours the rare ingeniotu strife , To mitigate the load of grief ; To smooth the rugged path of life , And give to want the wished relief . " Trusting that these sentiments may have takes ! possession of all good men , and make my beloved Erin—What die oaght to be : great , glorious , and free ; First flower of the earth , and first gem of the tea J I remain , Yonr Chartist couniryman , Coh Mubkat .
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OUR DEFENCE FUND , THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY . TO IHB CHAfcTlST PUBLIC Much caiumhiated Bbethben , —We have all felt the neeeaaity for tie establishment of b permanent defence fund . Our ehampioa , O'Connor , hath declared ita necessity . Several other Chartist advocates have published their opinions thereon , and the unprepared state in which the first or Whig crusade , and , the last or Tory attack upon its overtook us , proves beyond diEp « te that necessity ; In shorty none have disputed the am position , indeed it appears to be received as an established facts but the best means o ! raising the * ame , appeai 8 notlo . be yet settled . How -with all due respect to the opinions of those ¦ who have written thereon , I must think that none but those who have had to do with getting up tbesubicriptionB for those purposes , can thoroughly judged what the ptople can do ; and to give an idea of tbeii 8 » W is connection iritfl money , I nave only to asy tbat
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even for rr flies at sixpence each , there is much difficulty in getting tne quantum- of members . " Cannot afford it , " is the plea— " trade has been too bad . " I feel confident that all who nave been engaged in collecting for the defence funds will bear testimony to the poverty of our Chartist brethren , and the consequent difficulty to obtain subscriptions , and therefore this second position , the difficulty upon their evidence should be held established . The question then to be considered is , bow shall we obviate this difficulty , and yet supply the necessity 1
I submit to you thai we must not trouble our brethren often for subscriptions , nor tire our officers , as collectors , in asking often to ke refused . We muifc endeavour to make one fund serve every purpose ; and , under an efficient plan of Benefit Society , this may be done . It is expecting too much of human nature to suppose that our fellows will be continually contributing their spare , and , In most cases , stinted pence , to carry on the struggle for their political rights and & sew system , -whilst they have no Other prospect than to perish in the old ; but , let
us once produce a plan wherein they can see that their subscriptions will be applied to the beneflttlng of themselves here , whilst the very officers who are necessary to carry on the benefit seciety , will be able at the same time to conduct , and the mor » effectually , their political straggle ; and that their onion , for the one purpose , can , without extra expence , be brought to bear even more powerfully in the other struggle ; and they will no longer hang back from the call to such an Union , but , on the contrary , will strive and stint themselves to the utmost to forward this great work of emancipation .
I take it for granted tbat not one of oar fellows who have thought or written upon the Defence Fund , would think , for one moment , of its laying dormant In the treasurer ' s coffer , in case of no prosecutions occurring to call for its use er loss ; then if we would have it used , to what better purpose could we put it than the purchase of land , upon which property we could raise the same sum in a few hours , if needed , by mortgage at five , or perhaps three and a half per cent , whilst ita use on the land would be bringing ua fifteen per cent , or more .
If , then , none weuld object te this appropriation of the money , why not make it part of the objects of a benefit society to defend any and all of its members in the test legal wanner , who shall , in the discharge of their duties to the society , be prosecuted by any parties , and thus do away with the necessity for any other fund or subscription , but to the Great National Charter Benefit Society ; besides , la such a society , there would ever be a large sum in the various treasurers' hands , available at a few hour ' s notice , agreable to rule , made expressly for such emergencies ; and the property they would , in a year or two , become possessed of , wuuld enable them to raise a much larger sum than we have yet expended in law expenses .
My struggling Fellows , let us turn our whole attention to this subject ; depend on it , it is the only sure basis whereon to start afresh our movement for our rights , liberty , and happiness . Success will certainly attend our efforts , if we bring our brotherly love , zeal , aud energy to the work . Tours in charity , Gracchus .
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HARMONY HALL . LETTER VII . TO THB EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . SiR ;—In my last letter I gave you the outlines of a National Organization for securing a portion of the land , so far as the constitution of a society and fixing the regular contributions of the members are concerned . ThiB , however , forms a very small part of the power of the people towards accomplishing the object we desire , and la solely an initiatory , or skeleton , portion which will require to be filled up as rapidly as mind can be brought to bear upon the subject , with such other details as may be necessary .
Among those which present themselves to my recollection , but which are still ft very limited number , aud merely presented to your readers for the purpose of drawing their attention , and allowing others who have the leisure to exercise their minds upon the subject , are the following , some of which , I am happy to see by the correspondence of yonr paper , are already receiving the consideration of some of your readers . First—A National Benefit Society .- ~ If we look at the immense sums at present wasted in the various
Benefit Societies which now exist , through the limitation of the numbers of the persons who compose them , and of the objects for which they are established , it will soon become svident tbat one society on a broad and comprehensive plan , whose resources and profits should be always actively engaged ia land operations , in combination with the best labour and skill which the country could : afford , assisted continually by every new Invention in mechanics or other scianoei , would soon give advantages snch as would absorb within its fold all minor operations .
Second A National Life Assurance and Annuity Society . —The advantages to be sscured by life assurance , and b / the purchase of annuities , have long been felt among the middle and upper classes , and there can be no reason why they should not be extended throughout all classes . I know I shall for the moment excite a smile on the eonntenances of some , who will perhaps he inclined to ask , " do I intend to mock the misery of the millions by talking to them of assurances and annuities ? " A little sober reflection will however point out that such a society as I allude to , may , if properly based , immediately receive a support which will permit it to rank high amoDg those at present in existence ; and although the commencement of tho wotk may be with a class sow somewhat contemned and despised , yet we have only to shew advantages to the whole body of the competitive world and they will most earnestly desire to share them .
Third . —A Savings Bank and General Bank of Iteposits . —If tbe funds , new invested by the operative classes In the Government Savings Banks and in other so-called securities , were to be placed under judicious management in land operations , it would of itself give a power which would be quite irresistible by any other that could be opposed to It Fourth . —An Establishment for the leading Manufactures for general consumption , on tbe most advanced principles . —This 1 b an object which a national
association would have to undertake at tbe earliest moment that it had made good its other arrangements , fer the education and employment of tbe people can never be rightly carried on , until the means shall be afforded for the production of every kind of wealth which the people require to the fullest extent that tbe progres sive intelligence of man shall enable him to find them , and shall be made the utmost use of . Whenever this shall be effected , and equitable exchanges made , we no longer need fear tkat there will be the voice of poverty heard among our people .
It were easy to proceed to tbe enumeration of many other objects to which Buch a society as I allude may devote their attention , but as I wish rather to arouse the minds of your readers to a consideration of the principles rather than tbe details of the object I place before them , I shall for tbe present let these suffice , and shall content myself with a few observations as to the impediments which may at preient exist to their immediate adoption , and to the manner in which tbese impediments are to be removed . The only real impediment there is to tbe adoption of
these measures to the fullest possible extent is tbe want of unity among tbe people . To those who will rcftrct upon tbe subject it will be very evident that it the comparison of numbers be token , and the union of pur pose were equal under any circumstances , the immense prependerance there ia in favour of the mosses In the first respect , would cause all classes to bend immediately to the general body of operatives ; our duty , therefore , as practical Reformers is to ascertain from what cause it arises , that the people are not united on a subject which it is -rery evident to all that their interest rtquires that they should be .
This want of union must arise from ignorance . I have placed this remark before your readers in an abrupt manner that it may the more readily excite their attention , and whether it may for the moment hurt their self-esteem , is to me very immaterial I write for tbe purpose of shewing the mode of relieving my fellowcreatures from tbe vice , crime , and misery which everywhere now bo frightfully abounds , and I have neither time nor inclination to pander to the prejudices of those whom I address . The fact is strongly before us , that if we poasessed the knowledge how to use and combine them , we have all the elements of power within our reach ; and it is indeed a pitiable sight to witness the energies of snch a people as compose the operative classes of the British empire , wasted and destroyed in vain lamentation to a number of people who have no idea of how to provide for themselves and expecting from tbese people a remedy for distress and misery which they are compelled for their ownoppartnt safety to perpetuate .
These things must no longer be , and It is high time that a change should take place , and now that the sciences of human nature and of society have been discovered and made plain , the only thing wanting is a clear stage and no favour , and the whole fabric of error may be demolished , sad trath and justice reign triumphant in its stead . The first step towards the removal of tbe ignorance which so extensively prevails regarding the true interests of humanity , is to- know that we are all ports of one great universal whole , a ~ ud that misery cannot exist in any portion of this body wiJiJOut being more or less participated in by every othet i > ortion .
This is a fact which i \ may take some time to render apparent to these who tutve not studied tbe subject ; bnt it is nevertheless tn » V' * && && more deeply it is looked into , the more cle » Vljr will the truth be mads apparent to ous minds . Call JU , if you please , high or low , rich or poor , virtuous or Wetous , every individual which composes humanity is a \ x > rtion of our own existence , and as such contributes vo our happiness or misery ; and until this can be ma «> apparent to all minds , there ; will be little hope of k universal system being adopted that shall secure the hap ^ ioess of-all .
When we sball have come to the conch **** that all interests are identified , we shall next have to examine tbe manner in which the happiness of alA f * to be secured j and for this purpose we must ascertain what human nature really is , and the manner in w . * ifob it can be best acted upon . In coming to this suNtXst we shall find that we have hitherto completely n > ^' taken the nature of mas . aud Lave been led to expect
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results the very contrary to thote which must of necessity ensue from the causes that have been in operation . Society has hitherto been based upon the supposition that man forms ' hia own character , and , consequently , has the power to act correctly ; or otherwise , at will . This is an error which pervades every ramification of society , and most be removed before any practical good on an extensive BCjJe can be effected . At . otb . er gross evil which provaUrtftaiost universally throughout society , as at present constituted , ia that man has the power to believe or disbelieve , at pleasure , —which Ib productive of an amount of misery beyond all calculation . '
The third error to which I shall call the attention of your readers is the supposition that man can feel as he pleasea , independently of the enYofeMprodueed on Aim by the objects by which he Is sunjs «» ded . These three evils perpetuate ail the i gnorance which now prevents us from enjoying an amount of happiness greater than it has ever been in the power of the human race to obtain ; and it we can remove them generally from the minds of the people , we shall thereby destroy all causes of anger , ill-will , envy , hatred , or any otber unpleasant feeling . Those who are now without the necessaries of life will readily see that if they could exchange places with others who are differently circumstanced , they w » uld be compelled , from necessity , to do everything" in their power to sustain and advance their position for the benefit of themselves , tbeir wives , and families . Until the idea of the universal happiness of man being desirable and obtainable , shall prevail te a great extent , we shall not proceed with -that energy and resolution which is necessary to ensure success .
I may here be considered as entering too much into abstruse principles ; but I again urge , that my object is to satisfy n » single doss , sect or party , but to identify all interests ia one general society . As I progress with the subject I have no fear of enlisting the attontionKftnd sympathy of all who read , for it is now far easier immediately to commence a new system of society based on truth , and capable of sustaining itself agaluBt every opposition , than to continue the present random chaotic measures which produce such vice and misery ; but everything must be done in order and without impatience . Leaving these matters for the reflection of your readers , I will iu my next , begin to show some of the practical steps tbat require to be taken . I am , sir , Tour obedient servant , 1 William Galun . Harmony Hall , near Stockbridge , Hants , April ? 4 , 1843 .
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A PILGRIMAGE TO BYRON'S SHRINE . " Through thy battlements , Newatead , the hollow winds whistle ; Thou , the hall of my fathers bast gone te decay , In thy once smiling garden , the hemlock and thistle , Have choked up the rosa which late bloomed in the way . " I had long promised myself a visit to the shrine ef tbe mighty Bard , whose name , like the blast of liberty ' s trumpet pealing through the world , has inspired the lovers of freedom to do battle for the right ; and smote on the ears of palsied tyrants tbe death-knell of their departing power , warning them that " The people by and by will be the Btronger . "
I bad more than once been disappointed in my intentions , but at length , thanks to my Button friends , was enabled to realise the hope I bad nourished within since tbe first moment that I wandered with the " Childe" through his " pilgrimagu "—a hope still more ardently cherished since the time when , " roaming o ' er the banks and braes o' bonny Ayr , " I knelt at tbe shrine of Scotia ' s minstrel , and thought of Byron while I worshipped Burns . Invited by tbe sturdy democrats of Sutton-in-Athfleld to share with them their Easter festivities , accompanied
by Mrs . Harney , I left Sheffield by the half-past seven o'clock train , on the morning of Easter Monday , for Chesterfield . The carriages were filled with holiday folk , who , as the April sou shone down upon them , all bright and joyous , looked back into his face aud assured " bright Phwbtu" by their smiles , that for once , at any rate , they had determined to banish dull care : for myself I felt In the same pleasant temper , and inclined to love tbe world once again , love it as I once did before 1 had felt the stings of treachery , aud learned to my sorrow how mean and basa a thine is man .
But a trace to moralizing . We arrived at Chesterfield shortly after nine o ' clock , and , without halting , immediately started on " shanks nag" for the Mansfield Road ; we had to pass elose by Chesterfield church , and its curious crook-backed spire of course excited my companion ' s " organ of wonder . " About a mile from Chesterfield we stopped at a village called ( 1 think ) Normanton . Here we breakfasted at a private house ; our hostess , though belonging to the order of plebeians , was extremely kind and courteous . She bad spent some years in France , and the effect of tbe intercourse with our polished neighbours was plainly to be discerned ; she spoke highly of our Gallic friends , and avered that far less of poverty aad crime was to be found there than here .
Leaving this village we journeyed on , and shortly before twelve o ' clock reached Heath . Here , just as we entered the place , we met a company of sporting gents ., who bad just returned from a dog-fight ; among them were a number from Sheffield , a Sheffield dog bad been one ot the combatants , and " great joy , " to the " city of soot , " had come off victor I I arrived too late , to either appear in Beit ' s Life as one of the patrons of this old English sport , or , as your correspondent , send you an account thereof . Without stopping we pushed on , and shortly after
leaving Heath , entered Hardwicke Park , the walk through which was delightful . On the shore of the lake we were met by two of our Sutton friends , and with them we baited for a few minutes at the New Inn , situated at one extremity of tbe Park ; we next ascended the hill , on which stands Hardwicke Hall , and taking a cursory glance at the exterior of the ancient castle in ruins , and the more modem ball , itself pretty ancient , we pursued our way ; a walk of about two hours more brought us to Sutton , where we were received with that hearty welcome so characteristic of its inhabitant * .
That evening , the first o ! a series of Chartist concerts came off at tbe Royal Forester , the host of which , Mr . Turner , I found to be a younger brother of the unfortunate man of the same name , whe > was executed with Brandreth at Darby , in the year 1817 , victims of the accursed spy system , —slaughtered for tbe purpose of stiflipg in blood the breathing of new-born liberty . We had some good singing ; that excellent Chartist , Mr . G . Kendall presided , and I had the honour to respond to tbe toast of " The people I " Tuesday , a large open-air meeting was held at two o ' clock , to petition Parliament in behalf of Jones . I addressed the meeting for : upwards of an hour . A spirited petition demanding inquiry into the conduct of Baron Gurney was adopted and ordered to be sent to Mr . Dohcombe for presentation .
In the evening , tbe second concert was held at the Trooper , tbe room was crammed ; Mr . Charles Meakin presided . We bad some excellent glee-singing , and I responded to " The expatriated patriots . Frost , Williams , and Jones . " The health of Mr . Roberts was drank with all the konours . Wednesday , April 19 th . —Amiiersary of the death of Lord Byron . —This day nineteen sears , the patriot bard expired in that cradle of liberty , that home of arts and arms , immortal Greece . " Clime of the onforgotten brave , Whose land from plain to mountain cave , Was freedom ' s home or glory's grave I "
And curious enough , I bad unconsciously fixed on this day to visit bis tomb , I say unconsciously for I had forgotten that the l * th of April was the anniversary of tbu poet's death . We left Sutton at seven o'clock , taking our seats in tbe omnibus for Hucknall , a village about seven miles from Sutton ; our road lay partly through the magnificent grounds of John Musters , Esq . well-known as tbe successful rival of Lore Byron in tbe affections of the celebrated Miss Chaworth , —the " Mary" of the ' Hours of Idleness" ;—this accomplished and kind hearted lady died about ten years since . Some hundreds of beautiful deer were sporting on each side of the road , while tbe sable inhabitants of » most extensive rookery , were opening tbeir throats and giving vent to a sort of music , which though
generally regarded as anything but melodious , has always bad its charms in my ears , and little affection as J have for the black-coated tribe generally , still I must admit that his Reverenee Parson Rook , has always been with me a particular favorite . Oa reaching Hucknall , we were not long in procuring admission to the church , through which we were conducted by the sexton ' s son . The massy towor and porch appear to be of great age , bow old I could not learn , I am inclined to think that the body of the church is of more modern date . Near to the communion table , is a vault beneath lie the remains of the poet , on the left wall facing from—bnt near to—the communion table , Is a plain slab of white marble , and on it the following inscription : —
In tbe Vault beneath Where many of his ancestors and his mother are buried * Lie the remains of GEORGE GORDON NOEL BYRON , Lord Byron , of Rochdale , In tbe County of Lancaster , I THB AUTHOR OF CI 1 ILDE HAROLD ' S PILftaiMAflE . ' He was bora in London on the 22 nd of Jan . 1788 , He died at Mlssolonghi , in Western Greece , on the 19 th of April , 1824 .
EMOAGED IH THE GLORIOUS ATTEMPT TO BBSTOSS THAT COUNTRY TO HER ANCIENT FREEDOM AND RENOWN . Hia sister , the Honourable AUGUSTA . HART LEIGH , Placed this Tablet to his memory . To the right of the communion table ia a large and handsome tablet to the memory of the famous Richard , Lord Byron , who , espousing the cause of Charles the First , held an important command io tbat monarch ' s army- : It was while , charging in the front rank of Lord Byron ' a regiment of cavalry , that "the most accomplished man of his age , " Lord Falkland , fell at the battle of Newbnry . Tbe tablet states that the siid Lord Richard purcbased back bis estates after the civil
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war , that he died in 1679 aged 74 , and with him are buried bis two wives , both named Elizabeth . Brace , the Abyssinian traveller , tells ua that when his toils were crowned with the long sought for object — " the source of ; the Niger , " the momentary feeling of exaltation was immediately followed by that of bitter disappointment , ' occasioned by the reflection , that how contemptible was ) the ripling stream be beheld in ' comparisoB with the sources of rivers in neighbouring countries to his own . Though I had suffered no toil , no hardship , though I hod not travelled thousands of miles to attain my object , still a feeling of disappointment in spite of me kindled within , ' to me the idea is
Konstrona of thrusting tbe remains of one who loved nituie so well , into a dark , dirty hole , called "consecrated" forsooth ! The bosom of the "Eternal City " affording to Shelley a bed of rest is an Idea ennobling and sublime , his resting-place is worthy of the sleeper —he who combined the mind of a God with the simplicity of a child , j But Byron must be buried With his " ancestors . " What community of spirit had the author of " Childe Harold" with the feudal despots trom whom he descended ? What in common has the Queen ' s Bedchamber menial who now desecrates the title with liberty ' s minstrel from whom he inherits it ? Why , Oh Byron lj shouldst thou—«• 1 Mix thy brave dust
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With stinking rogues that rot in dirty winding sheets , Surfeit-slain fools , ; the common dung o' the soil 1 " Thou who lovedst Nature so well , thou to whom the starry heavens , the mighty ocean , the majestic forest , the simplest flower of the field , the humblest songster of the grove , were each and ail objects of adoration , ought thou not to have found another Testing place ? If the ' ¦ ' field of Marathon , " or the equally glorious battle-gromnd of Missolongbi , was not deemed fitting soil to receive thy ashes , twrely some more appropriated site could have been selected than the gloomy vault of a gloomy conventicle . Some spot of earth where tbe flowers-would have bloomed , and the birds' snug sweet melody over thy grave !
. Bat I must to other subjects ;—I had supposed that I could have passed through Hucknall without being reminded that I was a Chartist , but not so ; on leaving the church I was ! immediately recognised , and na nay would be taken but speak I must ; accordingly I addressed a very respectable meeting , held close to tbe church-yard . I Leaving Hucknall , we wended our way to Newstead , about four mtles from the above place , and between three and four from Sutton . We easily obtained admission into the gardens ; we strolled through the principal pertioos , but of course did not see the whole of these delightful ] retreats—two objects of attraction must not be passed over ; the tree on which Byron cut bis own and sister ' s name , and the simple , yet handsome monument erected Over the grave of his faithful dog . The beautiful lines Inscribed thereon are generally known , and are too lenghty to repeat here . We next
procured admission to the abbey , and were shown through the principal rooms by the housekeeper ; I shall not attempt a description of tbe beauties of the interior , as from the very limited time allowed to visitors , such as we were , without any introduction , it would be impossible to give anything like a faithful description ; but I wortd | warmly urge upon all the admirers of tbe noble poet , ] who may visit tbe county of Nottingham , to pay their respects to Newstead . I must not omit to mention two objects of particular interest , via . Lord Byron ' s bed-chamber , furnished esaclly as he left it . and tbe famous " skull" converted into a magnificent drinking imp , which I bad the pleasure of handling , but which I would much rather have bad tbe pleasure of drinking from ; -on it are inscribed the well-known and appropriate lines , of which the following must serve as a sample : —
" Start not—nor deem my spirit fled : In me behold the only skull , From which unlike a living head , Whatever tows is never dulL " I lived , I loved , I quaffed , like thee ; I died : let earth my bones resign : Fill up—thou canst not injure me , The worm bath fooler lips than thine . " Newstead Abbey was founded by Henry II ., to expiate it is said , the murder of Thomas a Becket , it was decicated to the Virgin Mary and continued in the possession of the Church down to the dissolution of tbe monasteries , when Henry Till , bestowed it on Sir John Byron . As has been before Btated the Byron ' s
eapoased tbe cause of Charles L , and the Abbey sustained a considerable siege in the war of that King with hia Parliament Newstead was wrested from its owners by the victorious soldiers of tbe Commonwealth , but came again into the possession of the Royal family , after the restoration , in which it continued until sold by the Noble Poet ] The greater portion of the Abbey has been restored and rebuilt by its present possessor , Colonel Wildman , and though tbe lines at the bead of this narrative were no doubt but too applicable in the days of the poet , they are not so now , the prophetic gleam contained in the following lines , having been realised under the guardianship of the liberal Gjlonel— ¦
" Haply thy sun , emerging , yet may shine , * Thee to irradiate with meridian ray ; Hours splendid aa the past may still be thine , And bless ( thy future as thy former day . " - We did not see the Gallant Colonel , be having taken horse and rode out With Lady Wildman , while we were in the gardens . I have much pleasure in adding that throughout the neighbouring county I everywhere beard the Colonel spoken of aa a truly liberal and excellenthearted gentleman . Haw absurd is the idea ignorantly entertained by some , and wilfully and wickedly promulgated by others
of our political opponents , tbat we Chartists are a race of brutal Yandals , bent only on appropriating and destroying property ; why there is not a Chartist in the bind worthy « f the name , but would cheerfully devote life Itself to protect from the bands of the spoiler , whether foreign or domestic , tbe shrine of genius—Newstead ' s holy fane ; and yet we are called destructives , by those who have built ap tbeir Moloch power on the destruction of tbe freedom and happiness of their fella w creatures , by those who -through lurid flame and purple gore , have , in thia and every otber land striven to crush the
" Freedom which our God hath given Unto all beneath his beaven . With their breath and from their birth Though guilt would sweep it from the earth , With a fierce and lavish band Scattering natiau ' s wealth like sand I Pouting nation ' s blood like water , In imperial seas of slaughter . " But vain are the calumnies , the persecution , the swords of tyranny ; tbe flood-gates of knowledge are opened , and the ocean of truth shall sweep to annihilation the sand-founded bulwarks of force anA fraud .
Leaving Newstead , a short walk brought us to Kirkby , where at the home of a real out and out democrat we stayed and refreshed ; from there making the best of our way to Sutton , which we reached shortly before seven o ' clock , a little fatigued / but heartily gratified with our day's jaunt ¦ Tbat evening the third concert was held at the Crown and Wool pack . We bad a crowded house ; Mr . We Parker in the chair . An excellent brass band was in attendance , and I had the honour , to respond to the healths of Messrs . Buncombe " and O'Connor , and to that of ' The departed patriots . " The evening ' s entertainments concluded by my proposing ( as in duty bound ) "The health of the ladies who had favoured us with their company each evening , " whioh having baen responded to with hearty good will , we retired to the tune of " rally around him . " \
Nest day we left Sutton , and in the evening reached Sheffield . :
"Reader , if you are tired , so am I . " George Jwlian Harney Sheffield , April 25 th , 1843 .
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O'CONNOR , Esf . of Hammewnitk : * rS " Middlesex , by JOSHUA HOBSd ^ rtJj ^ J iag Offices , Nos . 12 aadI 8 , lteke > rtr t « t , gW "" and TPrtlish ** by th » tali Josmf a * ° | "Jj , ifn tixe said FbaMVs O'ConkqbJ * M * pJ lug-house ; Vo . 6 , Msrket-streefi , ^ BrlaP ^ ^ iatferasl C « n » u » ieation existing between r * ' :, No . 6 , Mwktfcafcreifc and th « said ^^^ 18 , Market-Btrett , Briggate , thus conatitoH ^ whole of the said Printing and Pablishte « ^ T one Premises . All Communications murt be addressed , Poat-pM ' Mr . HOBSON , Norttem Star Offi <* , £ «»* ' £ 4 jSaturdaj , April 29 , 1 MW A %
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% THE NORTHERN STAR .
The New York Line Of Packet Ships Sail Punctually On The Regular Days From Liverpool, Vizi :—
THE NEW YORK LINE OF PACKET SHIPS Sail punctually on the Regular Days from LIVERPOOL , vizi : —
Libbbs I—Trntwoa Iur »Uo I-Iujkisw. • -Rum Lbbds :—Prirted For The Proprietor * Ea J^L J
liBBBS i—trntwoa iur » uo i-iujkisw . -rum Lbbds : —Prirted for the Proprietor * j ^ L j
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct800/page/8/
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