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MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE QUEEN v . GEORGE WHITE . ( Continued from our sixth page . ) -jt * j Reform Act would u won hare expected to be ^ sported as to-bare been made magistrates . After S ^ unittal be had offered bail , which tbe magistrate ^ j refused to take , and he had Buffered eleven weeks ' Lgpn *> ament before , through the medium of this court , hUb » 3 h » d been accepted . That , he urged , wm a ^ of of tie intention of these men . It was imputed U > f ^ a xbsX be b * d told the people to use force , but be vljtoW tbem nothing of the sort- It appeared that , yZrera small the charge , anything would do to catch ^ artist ; tm . this prosecution would not alter hi * jLBtap les . Sedition!—a parcel of downright nonsense bad himsnch ^_ _ ^ —T-r-r . attctK « fVF . ft"RfiF . WCTTTT ?
^ o sedition been proved against . Ianpjjje h ^ d been proved by a fooliah woman of very L ^ tionable character . He had complied with tbe ^ he * of the magistrate * , and had prevented any * projespo : t taiiM place . Tbe only real charge against him , ^ 8 , that bB held certain political opinions . He vovli not trespass upon tbe time of the Court by m&ki ag a 1 cm ? * psecb about nothing . He trusted the prt-judic * . of class wooid not be brought forward to punish a j ^ aa wbo bz& not bean guilty of any crime . He would cot bs bullied oat of his principles ; and if ray one supposed be ¦ wo uld do so , he would find that he had got jjold iof the 'wroag nan . As far as his trial wss concerned , be should not b = doing justice to bis own feeijujj -sfrre be cot to speak in the highest terms of Mr . Bsion Aldere ^ n , who had acted in the most
upjjcbt msacer , and bad assured him that he did not pis sentence upon him at the time , because there was not scfficv-nt accommodation for him in Wsiw ' . ck Giol js a first class misdemeanant He hoped their Lord - £ aps -would look opon him , not as a n . an who wisht-1 to jijare any person , but who wantej to see jnstke done w ail mea . He believed if tbe Government acted according to the "wish of the great id&sj of £ be peocle- ten rimes the amount of wealth would be prog ^ d in the land . They would give the working c ^ sse * the means of carrying out their resources , and tise country would be a perfect paradise . If to have a frelisg be ^ rt for feis feliow-creatures were a crime , tjjen let them punish him . Whatever might be his kte , be should continne to hold Chartist principles . He should bo * leave himself in the hands of tbe
Mr . Serjeant Adams , Mr . Hill , and Mr . Waddikg-I 0 S appeared to aodiess the Court in aggravation of pujiibHssn-. Their Lordships were aware that at tbe time in question the country was in a state of the neatest excitement , and tbe defendant had taken adnstage of that excitement to arouse the minds of the people , and stir them np to roiaebief and acts of viojs «; and it vris deemed to be absolutely necessary Vo jposecote tie defendant , as he was a very active perns , usi-st very Btrong language . He had also iooed placards , one of which was to this effec : : — ' Chartists , tbe men of the North have struck work ! Ihe people are being murdered ! Attend at Duddestontov to-sighl i Corns in your thousands . ' " ji& defendant had also written the following letter to Cooper : —
u Tteu Cooper , —We are in a tremendous state of excitement h-re—military , pensioners , police , spec al ecBsfctbtes , casnos , and God knows what , is being ordered into requisition . Sturge and O Neill sold us ob Monday , and- broke np a meeting which they called in order to defeat ours of the following day . Cooper , there never was greater rascals than they have proved themselves . ( Se ^ the Sta r of Saturday . ) We held pci meetings in defiance of proclamations , expostuiatiooi , t&d threats from the magistrate * . They covered DnddesSoa-rew with police , bet we ordered tbe people to folio * us , and held a meeting of 40 , 006 , when * e carried the Charter » mida * thundering cheers "i- "J Asset to tell you thai vdj bouse has been
sur-0 mtoA with police these two nights , and that a warlui b issued for my apprehension . I have nevertheless iWTTfr *** with tbe sovereign people , and addressed them | a ^ £ ance of their warrant . We shall meet again to-Sight , and no-mistake . There was some ugly work lact sight ; my body-guard chocked a raw lobster into tbe otnaL I would rather than £ 10 we had you here to nsg "Spread the Charter . " 1 expect to be landed in Warwick Goal before Saturday ; but dear Cooper , sever mind what bef-ds me . I have made up my mind to stand by our glorious motto , ' The People ' s Charter , and no surrender . " Your democratic brother , G . White .
"We are getting on glorioasTy here . O'Neill and Stnrge have d&mn&l themselves . " AS one of tbe meetings he had told the mob that the Ijttfcia of Government , must be done away with . If they took tns advica , their wives should wear silk gowns tehiB the summer was orer . It was considered right to prosecute the defendant , and he had been feu ad pOty , and was now brought up to receive the judg-Kest of the Court Mr . Justice Pattesox then proceeded to pass sentees upon the defendant . He had been tried at W&r-* kk , asd convicted upon three counts of the indict Bent Upon the evidence the jury were satisfied that k > riot had Veen eemmitted at any one of the meetxegs ;
act vu there anything is the character of those xntetlip-which sirfliciantlyl&d them to the conclusion that Vdsj were unlawful assemblies ; therefore he ( Uit faktAxai ; bad been acquitted upon those parts of the ladksment But it waa to be recollected that although toe ofj ^ ci for wbich it was assembled might not have iea uklawful , and therefore a man who had taken put in such a meeting might be acquitted of unlawful Mwmh'ring ; yet the way in which individuals conducted ttsmselTea al those meeting might still be the subject cf » prosecution , viz , for the lacguage used on that occasion . He ( the defendant ) bad stated to tbe Court he could not conceive why he had been broegtt up before that Court , 2 * ow when it was
proposed to p * ss sentence upon him at tbe assizes , he himself bad objected to its being done , and had desired to corns before the Court of Queen's Bench . He said ha had been foucd guilty of being a Cnartist- Now that waa not the case ; the charge was , that be ha 4 steered seditious language at the meetings—language okalited to exdte the people to acts of violence , asd to resist by furee the constituted authorities of the cocc&y . Hs s&id be had held Chartist meetings for a Tsar { serious , and had never been indicted or brougnt before tbe magistrates for attending any Gf those meet-Bga- Tzs . 1 was because they were conducted is a quiet Bscner , and the language which was used , although it ni ^ ht have been of somewhat icfiammatory character ,
yet was not ao prating u to call for tbe interference of the authorities . The charge in the indictment was ibat he intended to excite rod persuade large numbers of the working classes and labourers to conspire together to cease and abstain from working and labouring in their rapeetm trades , for the purpose of obtaining a « n » igein the law and constitution of tbe country—that » m the iateation with which it was charged that be bad used the language set out in the indictment , and Brgaaaon » biy if that intention were proved , it was of 1 Te 7 saioas character . Nothing con id be more likely to k * d to bloodshed and murder and all sorts of mi » - cMef than exciting people who were out of empk > y-P «» i in diff-rent parts of the oonntry , and who wouli
**» of bis speeches just as much as if they were in tbe ™» edJate neighbourhood . There was no doubt that exerting people under these errc&iaat&scei , ready as they ^^ commit any depredation , was * n c fiance of a * sy serious description . He ithe defendant > seemed to think it a light matter to bold language of this sort to fat zazabert of pawn * . It wa « by no means so ; it ^ u i matter of serious consequence ; U was by begin-*»*» rf that sort that people were led on to insurrection «« aeU at violence ; and alttiough no Tiolence took Jw » ob that occasion , thai w *» owing to tbe -vigilance «^ e magistatea . He { Mr . Justice Patteson ) would » ao hitt ( the defendant ) , and all who beard bim , to now that in doing what they bad done they had been
¦* srea * pen ) of bringing on the community very aencus *™ ^ 'deed , and upon themselves very severe punish-^ t » He ( the defendant ) had stated that the magis-»*» were in fault So fti from that , a proclamation P * Jj « ai issued by Her Majesty on account of tbe dis-^ M state of the country ; and tbe magistrates , finding ^ KBeveral meetings had been held , and that the town ^ * ^ ) ettrlloo d were becoming in a very excited ** d da ^ erocs state , very properly put forward ! * .. aJai « to ail persons not to meet ; they J ™^ have been wanting in their duty if they bad not «** *> ; and the defe » dant , if be were a aineere ^ rbt wishing to promulgate the opinieoa he enter-T *^ b ? argument and discussion , should , when «*¦ anion was put forwardhave seen that that was
, «« Use time Im promulgating those principle * , and j ~**™ ed from doing it while the eeuntry was in that . Sr *™ ttai « , instetd of that be took advantage of it ; ^~ J * asTs « re * as dear and distinct , no person coaid r ™* » m of a very aeditions ehaiaetei . He \ the J *™ '' said the language had nothing to do with ^ tatr-oat , but the very language iuelf showed I J ^^ y the contrary , for tbe language was this : —; iw must be nnited and « t » nd fast together ; the : *^ e m the north are out , and are determined not to ; fo to work agaia nntU they get their righu , and why \ «* the people of Birmingham do the « ame ? ' Here £ slanguage charged against bim uad proTed to I ***» been uttered , and no man reading it © oddsay j ~ nafl SO rtferenr * tn th * " t-n-m ^ mk . nntyiino < y > nlii
wffiwedutiact and dear , We will have a meeting ! 3 /^ d « y week , and we will let the people of Bir- j I ™**** * e that they have tdll « omething in Birming-^ w > be frightened at ; we will walk in procession | jT ^ f " » town , and call npon yoa to go for nothing ! ^™» the Charter ; if you wiilttkk to me , I am deter- i * Z £ »<« « aall have Uie Charter . The eollksra have Jti *** ^ not y ° 8 ° ^^ Uiem ? Tbey fc *™ deter " to « u ^ n their righta , and are ready to join tbe £ ^ ™ Birmingham . ' The second count is still j fcCjjf c ~~ " ^ bffe *¦ ¦ Otteea" ! proclamation pot np , j T" soere waa a proelamati « at tbe time of the Bull- 1 r"i csmcern ; bnt tfcat h */ t na m , n . * «» win i ^ t i dh — ¦ ¦ iit itlain i
„ ^) . W «» ' ** ™ «• > y » * * i ¦ vw s * -wm »» * v * j ^ "o * that this proclamation shall be to the same I JsST ^ TV 0 aT ^ ; the coders are all out for j ^ V ~ ; t " P ^® wm& to the determination tbey will the nr " ? ^^ haTe gained th « Charter . I hope j ke e ™^ ii , ? Uican ' Uiem ' ^ tortiaght you will ' fii 6 sa ^ to d ° * ° ' ' yon wQ 1 ^ ^^ i ^^ S tcrucgh doiT- ^ Btar ring , andton yon will be presred ' to bot » v * iili S K » nld be more ridiculous than this ; Bj ,-, ^ r ? .. addre 8 Sed to people in a mu-er . ible conc :-btiiZ , , . ' - ^ fo ^ ten'ed , it Wis calcui ^' . ^ sd l-j niake then ) ¦ «^ : by usiag foroe ^ e , ntigy gam auaxhiai
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that would place them in » better rttuation . When he had spoken of bringing them la their jacket Dockets no one could doubt that be had meant ^ we ^ opposed to any force- adopted by tbe eouitituted rathontw * . Under all the circumstances of the case , tue sentenoe of the Court wo « M be " that be should be imprisoned in the Queen ' s Prison for eight months . It was understood that the defendant was ordered to the Qaeen ' a Prison , because the gaol at Warwick ¦ was ao fuii that first class misdemeanants could not be accommodated . Tfie defendant was then removed , in tbe custody of Mr . Hester , the tipstaff of the court . th »* . ^^ _ i u , _ ...
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be procured , and these persona moat be actuated by the Oesite of promoting the great objects contemplated , for , unless this be the case , it will be quite useless to attempt the formation of the society . The Secretary also must be well adapted for his office , for on the manner in which he performs the duties assigned him will very materially depend tbe rapidity with which progress is made ; for although nothing can long retard t h e progress of public opinion , yet the details of an efficient organizitfon , by which alone it can be rendered effective , can only be secured by its being under tbe arrangement and contronl of a Bisgle mind capable of comprehending the Bubject in all iu bearings .
Much will also depend upon the Missionaries being practical men , well acquainted with business , and capable of explaining the views and objects of the society to the public ; and these must be chosen without any distinction as to class , sect , or party views , for the association most be one that will absorb all classes , sects , and parcies , and lead all forward towards tbe object in view—that of releasing all from the great amount of vice , crime , and misery which now so abundantly prevails .
If tbe time has arrived when the great bulk of the people are prepared to think seriously on their condition , and to provide an effectual remedy for the evils under which tbey labour , there is uo doubt bat they may readily accomplish the task , and a short time * ill dsienu : ne whether this is vbe cage or not One thing , however , ia certain , that the pressure now placed upon us is every day getting more severe ; that there is no oth ^ r mod e of escape than the one proposed , namely , that of identifying all interests in one , and that if proper means by adopted to combine th « m , all the elements required for success exist most abundantly around us on all sides .
In my next letter I propose to enter into Borne of the subsramive advantages that would be derived from the adoption of Mr . Owen ' s Preliminary Charter , as the basis of a strongly united movement , and I shall endeavour to show the ease with which it may be obtained , securing , as it will , advantages for alL I am , Sir , Your obedient servant , WilLUM Q-ALP 1 N . Harmony Hall , near Stockbridge , Hants , May S , 1843 .
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY , OF ALL THINGS MOST NECESSARY IN AID OF OUR STRUGGLE FOR THE CHARTER .
TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . BB-ave , though branded Brethbfn . —The poverty and "wrethed ess of our order—the suffering , mentally andpby&icar > y , of so many goo- ' and true members of oar Association , hav < so impressed my mind with tbe necessity of tbe abuve named society being established as port of our union to obtain the Charter , that I cannot remain silent thereon whilst I have an opportunity « f addressing you , until all are &b fully convinced as myself of its necessity and practicability . It is with much pleasure I take tba liberty of informing you that our zealous and laborious Editor , Mr . Hill , fully agrees in tkat necessity , and if I understand him right , intends to put forth a pl&n for yuur approval , containing all that he deems advisable of my views , wherewith I have furnished him .
I am happy to perceive by the Star of April 29 , thai Mr . Galpin bias published his adhesion to my proposition , and 1 doubt not when tbe plan itself is sent fnrth most true reformers will Rive it tbeir willing assent and assistance , and that tbe maj ; rity of the working class will adopt it , and instruct their delegates to the next Convection , to embody with tbe new plau of Organisat ion , a National Baneflt Society , tbe most efficient to their judgments , from the various plans that may there and then be presented . Brothers . —There is no doubt but yonr attention will
be much absorbed in the question of purchasing land and locating thereon , bat I must continne to direct your attention to the road thereto , the gap whereof I spoke in a former letter . Bear in mird that that gap is edged with thorns and briars , that the road to the land is paved with trials and troubles . Remember , if we are democrats , it is for tbe whole people , and for the very poor especially , that we must form our society , that all may avail themselves of tbe benefits and all aid according to their aeans , in effecting tbeir own emancipation from poverty , premature death , and the cause thereof , class-made-laws .
And here I will give you an idea of bow I propose to meet tbe various circumstances of my poorer-fellows , and still give satisfaction to all , viz ., by a graduated scale of subscriptions , from one penny per week up to sixpence or higher , entitling the member in case of need to a weekly income , corresponding with his subscription , or employment at a fair remuneration for the society , which in time could be given , as under the bead of appropriation of the funds it is set forth that tbe funds shall be applied in tbe purchase of lands , building bouses , workshops , dec , and in such other operations as shall be determined on for the benefit of tbe society ; under this clause , may
come the whole plan of our proposed land and business operations upon which I purpose giving my opinion at a future time , being des'irouBot noiorerburdening your minds , that you may the better digest this the one great plan , which I submit to you will compass all tbe objects that have been presented as necessary to our future movement Let us then bring our whole souls to the work , with a thorough determination to do all that in our power lays to rid our father-land from the slough of misery in which class legislation has swamped it , and raise it by our zsal , energy , and industry to that proud pinnacle of freedom and happiness to which it has never yet attained , and to which it never can attain without such a union of the sons ot toil Yours , in hope , Gracchus .
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» TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREA . T BRITAIN . Brother Chartists , —We the members of tbe General Coancil of the Mattonal Charter Association resident in the Metropolis , taking into consideration the propriety of immediate steps being taken for reorganizing tbe Chartist body , do hereby urge npon you tbe necessity of sending delegates to a conference to be held on Tuesday , May 2 Jrd , at the Political and Scientific Institution , l , Turn-again-lane , London . We have adopted this plan for the following
reasons : — First—Because it is necessary that a conference should be held to ensure unanimity of feeling , and also that some knows body should call it into existence . Second—Because many good men who probably « sjoy the confidence of their previous constituents will remain in London , and others will arrive at the time appointed , in order to receive their sentence from the Court of Queen ' s Bench . Taking advantage of this circumstance will save much expense ; and if these men are deprived of their liberty there will be consolation in feeling that tbeir last act has been devoted to the strengthening and establishing the Chartist movement . Pressing upon you tbe necessity of immediate steps being taken , and desiring your opinion through the medium of the ensuing week ' s Northern Star , We remain , yours , Tuomas Mills , Chairman . Wm . Salmon , Secretary .
P . S . Districts not in a condition to send delegates can send written instructions , directed to tbe oats of Thomas M . Wheeler , 243 $ , Temple Bit , London .
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% ? . H . Carter , Esq ., and his agent , — Crampton , Esq ., son to the Rector of Kiilucan , have been on a visit with Lord Castlemaioe , at Hare Island , while inspecting his estates in that neighbourhood , and making such arrangements for his tenants as the distressed state of agricultural produce demanded . An Expensive Chbistbnikg . —A statement more singular than gratifying , was elicited in the House of Commons on Monday evening , when a v for £ 110 , 000 ** 9 proposed to defray the obarge of " civil contingencies , " that no less a sum than £ 2 , 500 was expended in tbe preparations for the christening of the Prince of Wales , and £ 500 for changing his Royal Highne&s ' s coat of arms ! What a blessed babe !
Teetotjulxees in Amkbica . —I was particularly pleased to see the Irishmen , who formed a distinct society among themselves , and mustered very strong , with their green scarfs , carrying their national harp and their portrait of Father Mathew , high above the pcopk ' s heads . They looked as jolly and goodhumoured as ever , and w ^ rkia ^ the hardest for their living ; and , doing any kind of sturdy labour tha came in tbeir way , were the most independent fellows there , I thoueht . —Dickens on America .
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EMIGRATION . WHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . NOTES OF A TOUR THROUGH A PORTION OP CANADA , AND SEVERAL OF THE STATES OF NORTH AMERICA , PARTICULAKLY THE STATES OF MASSACHUSETTS , RHODE ISLAND , NEW V # RK , PENNSYLVANIA , OHIO , MICHIGAN , ILLINOIS . W / SCOA'SIN , AND NEW JERSEY , * NDER 1 AKEN WITH A VIEW OF ASCERTAINING THE DESIRABILITY , OR OTHERWISE OF EMIGRATION ; AND TO JUDGE OP THE BEST LOCATION , FOR ENGLISH EMIGRANTS , FROM ACTUAL OBSERVATION . BY LAWRENCE PITKETHLY , of Haddersfleld . C Continued from our last week * s paper . J JOURNAL . —DESCRIPTION OF DUNKIRK , SANDUSKY , DETROIT , &c
Sunday , 2 lst . —I got up early this morning , and by appointment drove out with Mr . Spencer nnrt his brother to the Indian settlement , some six or seven miles from Buffalo . We also drovo round the city , and in our course Mr . Spencer showed me some houses which had reared upon stone foundations , bnt which had been washed from their position bythe westerly winds upon the lake causing tb « river to overflow its banks ; gome of thtra w « re ntsrov ^ BR with broken backs in the adjoining meadows and uncultivated fiilris . I was also shown the great extent of ground which had been marked out for streets . One spot Mr . Spencer showed me which he had purchased for the purpose of bulMing a house upon , for which he had paid 1 , 300 or 1 , 400 dollars , and which he would now gladly sell for 300 vlollare . Such is the effect of speculation and paper money .
We saw numbers of persons on their way to a camp meeting , which was to be bidden some twelve miles distBnt from the city . Wcr afterwards crossed some fields in which cattle were grazing ; they were the roughest of any over which I ever remember a vehicle being driven . On a height eastward of the town , apd near the barracks , which we visited , the view was moat charming . The morning being clear and fine , added greatly to the splendour of tbe scena Strange as it may appear , the city extends over a large plain , covering a large space , which is frequently overflowed with water , and whore tbe houses ¦ which are built of wood , are not unfrtqjently seen to float , while a large extent of beautiful rising Blupes upon thu banks of the river are life wholly unoccuptert .
At Rochester , during th « speculation mania land was -sold at a bundrtd dollars which would not now sail for more tban twenty ; the siiiise is tbe case h « e . At dinner , we had Mr . Kclsey , ckrk to the Chesapeake steamer , which trades regularly to Chicago . He had arrived from that piace in the morning . He had arrived from that place in the morning . He gave me much useful information . In the evening we were joined by Mr . Maolivy , ( Irish , wholesale grocer , Mr . Smith , ( Scotch ) , painter ; Mr . Burdett , ( Yankee ) , teacher of niusio , and several others , who spent the evening with us . Mr . Kelsey had brought some fine fruit and water melons , which we had for supper ; they were ttie first 1 had eatun ; and were brought by him from Cleveland , in Ohio .
Mr . Kol » f y I ? formed me that a great number of their summer passengers were from the Southern States who come to the Lakes for pleasure ; tbe heat being ao excessive that tbey 2 nd it advantageous to health ' o come here at- this season . He was kind enough to s » y that be would take my trunk to Chicago , a distance of 1047 m : i « s , as I hsd to travel through the State of Michigan , which would render it very inconvenient to take it along with me . This morning went on board the 8 andu « ky steamer for Detroit ; the morning was very fine and al ) around wore a most pleasing aspect . The Kent , a British steamer of inferior siz ^ and build , left the port before us and proceeded towards the Canadian shore . We were directly off Poex Erie . The rovernor of the State of New York whs on board the Kent , on a visit to Dr . Betty , the fatier of the famons Young Koscius , wbo is now located on the verge of the Lake , in Canada , in the wilderness . ' .
Keeping to the left , before we got to Dunkirk , a distance of thirty miles , we lost sight of the Canadian shore . DUNKIRK is & small but handsome village , with two lighthouses and a landmark . It verges upon a small bay ; the shore fiat « nd sandy , except where a little rock jutted oat The woods were partially cleared , and the wooden huts were thinly spread , some few in small clusters , occupied by Indians or fishermen , or perhaps both . Tne landscape gently descending to the water's edge , presented something like a splendid deer-park on an extensive scale .
Tuesday , 23 rd . —Erie , in Pennsylvania , is a conaidfraW * village , but of very little importance . As at Dunkirk , the breakwater is in course of repair . Opposite this place is a consideiable island , into which we entered through a narrow passage it > the breakwater , which stretched into tbe said island , and having to return in a somewhat similar direction , it caused us to be much out of our course . We landed at another small place during tbe night , called COM ant , and at Astabula , near Cleveland , about half-past three ,
where we bad to take in coal . I went into the town , part of which is built on the verge of the river , put npon the bank , and part upon the summit , where it it nearly level , but considerably elevated . Upon the opposite bank of the river stands Oh to city , which is only a small place , but with boiub neat and showy buildings ; between this is the entrance to the Ohio and Erie canal , which forms a water commu ication through tbe whole state of Ohio , and : hicb causes a considerable trade to be carried on here , and also gives it additional importance .
We next landed at Grand River . Here I saw a person wbo bad sold a farm at this place and purchased another some twelve miles from Chicago . Illinois . He informed me that a new law was passed which enabled a man to keep in defiance of bis creditors , ten acres of land , two horses ( or oxen ) a waggon , two cows , ten sheep , five hogs , farming utensils , a bed for every two of the funiity , twenty-five dollars in cash , with nvo month ' s provisions , and sufficient bedding and clothing . I next saw Mr . J . Bratkaon , from North Adams , fho had been working a printing machine there at
fourteen dollars a week . His engagement was fox a year ; but some Englishmen came to the place and offered to do the work for half that sum . His employers therefore wished him to take ten dollars , Btat ing that they could not reduce the others unless he was reduced along with them . He told them * hey might do as they thought proper with tbe others , but be should take no less ; and in order to come at their point they agreed to give bim 100 dollars and bis rent to leave . This is one of the greatest curses of Emigration . This good man was previously prepared with 160 acres of land which he bad purchased in Michigan , and was on his way to take possession of and cultivate it
Wednesday , 24 tb . —There are many islands on the sonth of this Lake of large extent , but little cleared ; there aro a few farms , but they are not in good condition . In tbe course of the forenoon we passed Huron , a pretty little place , with & pier and lighthouse . Mwcb wheat is bought here , principally by ' agent * , for Canada ; much of it is exported to England is of Canadian growth . We next got to Sandusky City , with its six inhabited island * . On tbe deck of the vessel I here met Judge E . Lane . He bad the appearance of an English farmer , in person and dress . He bad just come to reside in this small place , In the neighbourhood of which be has much property . He had been a lawyer in Connecticut , and had married the Governor ' s daughter of that place , and afterwards attained his present station . Judges in this country do not receive for salary half us many dollars as ours do pounds .
Wbeat was seventy-five centa per bushel yeatorday ; to-day it is seventy-three cents , and it is expected to be seventy centa to-morrow . This place contains a boat 2 , 000 inhabitants . There is a rather curious' entrance by a narrow pass , neat which stands a lighthouse to shew tbe way to Cedar Pond . We passed Marblehead lighthouse which stands npon a rook of that material en a large island . We next passed Cunningham Islands on our right , and approached Pudding Bay islands , which appeared covered with wood ; but I learned that several good farms were npon them . I Lad here pointed out to me the island on which the Patriots defeated a strong British force much tbeir superior in point ef numbers and military equipments .
We soon came in sight of the Canadian shore , and entered the river , or rapids of St . Clair . The shore is flat and sandy . The slopes are beautiful , and , with the woods , present a rich appearance . Oa the Ohio side we pissed a small port About twelve miles further , on an island , about 500 yards from the British shore , stands a lighthouse , nearly opposite which is Fort Maldon . The island belongs to the British , and the Fort is occupied by a tiflo corps . Tbe Barracks form three sides of a square , with two breastworks which are out of repair . Tbe village of Maldon contains abont 1 , 501 inhabitants . Lime-burning was carried on a little higher up . Not far distant , the river divides into two and sometimes three streams ; there are large marshes on each side of the river , and the islands in the middle are almost valueless .
AU speak well of the Dutch settlers , in particular , and the Germans are much respected . The French are not industrious , and tbe British and Irish are dissipated Snch was my information . Where the river ftWs in one body , it seems to be about three quarters of a mile in width . Detroit has a floe appearance from tbe river . It is tbe capital of the State of Michigan . The main street runs parallel with the river , and the rest of the streets rnn from the waUr's edge up a gently inolined plane . The main street is spacious , and well built , containing elegant and well-filled stores . Tne population numbers abont 16 , 400 , and considerable business is carried on . Many splendid steam-vessels lay in the river , and a crowd of craft of ail sizes and descriptions . A number of the passengers had agreed to sUy at the Steam-boat Hotel , from which a carriage aud pair of beautiful grejB awaited our landing , a ! ao a wa ^ gor- to convey our luggage . There was the same from every respectable Hotel in the city .
1 bad a letter of Introduction to Co ! . JMgrano Junes . He lives at a faandcoma vill ; i just out of the city , to which I immediately hastened , but found be was not at home . I left my letter , with ui .- a-une of m * hoU ! , with Mrs . Jones , and Tttiuneu to tt . d luttl , uiivl f ^ unci all my friwada had row to bed . They Lad retirtd
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without taking brandy , wine , of any other liquors , knowing that they must be prepared for the several conveyances early in the morning . I followed their example . Thursday , 25 th—Before I had got washed and dressed , I was honoured before five o'clock , with a call from Colonel Jones , who expressed his regTet that hewas engaged to go seventy miles up the rapids thi 9 morning at seven . He informed me he had muuh property in Illinois and Winscensin ; and that a shot tower in the mining districts belonged to bim and others .
• where thty manufactured a ton of shot a day . The Colonel was intimatel y acquainted with the country to which I was steering my course ; and had time permitted he would have baeu most happy to have givan all thi ; information in his power . We agreed that on my return , I should stay ¦ with him a day or two . Dunn ? our conversation Miss Junes and a gentleman were * . " : 'jiij ou ' . side in a carriage ; he joined them and drove utf at a rattling pace . I was very soon ready , had br > . ; &faet , and wys driven to tba railway station , where I ; irrive = ? at seven . Tiie trains do not start as pur . ctuil !? aa in E . icland .
fu 6 steam-boat hotels are most respectable ! i . ) U-. h . My ch : irf ; u at one for bur ! and breakfast was 87 | c r ts . 25 for th « htt" ? , nnd 12 . J far the former . Tht-y drove U'j v . i th » carriage and conveyed the luggage without clmge . I , being lame , could not wear shoes ; hut travelled in plush ( sli ppers , which required no c ^ sr . ir . K . I saw no chumber maid ; tbe waiters ware the ! m . i . <> i \ l aud several others , who never thought of asking for anything . Indeed there are no beggars here ; you p < ij the fare , and no one further molests you . At th » railway station I paid my fare for Chicago iu Illinois ; part by rail and much by sta ^ e , ami sixty
miles crossing the Like Michigan by stefuu boat . This I did on condition thai I should st : ; y when and wh ^ re I p ? ea « ed on tiio * -ay . The fare ^ aa ten d-i ilurs . Had I been aware , I could have purchased a sort of serin here , and witb it paid my fare at oae third less than its nominal value . I waB too late in making the d-soovury ; and a Yankee who went with me under a blind to take that advantage , was outwitted by the clerk . The scrip is a State 8 CRIP , issued for the completion of thd railway , and cannot be refused as payment of passage . Many Yankeoa , " sharp '' men , are on the a . ert to make one-tnird , more or less , of a strange passenger .
We travelled on this single line railway at the rate of fifteen miles an hour , taking care to atop oft enough fo ; ryfreshment , with which I was greatly aunoyed ; but the generality ot the passengers seemed to vie with each o ' . Ler in gormandising ; it e \ ury halt . The country from DiiTHOiT is very fiat ; water generally standing stagnant , oa the sides of the railway . There are partial clearings and tog huts . Much of the oate aud Indian cum are not worth cutting , btjin ^ - nearly covered with weeds . The rails are bad and uneven ; there are no fences , and the pace Lad frequently to be slackened in consequence of the eaUIe feeding upon tbe line , which if we had run fuul of , would have upset us . P . gs were more plentiful in our way than we d \ sired . I observes a field of fiux ; the first I had seen since I landed .
Ypsilanti is thirty miles from I ^ ETROIT , containing a population of 2 , 000 . Tao houses are principally painted white and pleasantly scattered over the green ttel
rolling the land on tbe edge of the Creek , along which we travelled for some miles . We had a perfect straight line of railway , with -very little cutting , from Detroit to YPSILANTI ; now it was circuitous with many cuttings ; entii uiy gravel with very thin soil . Much of the wood xtai cut down , yet much underwo « d remained . A few uiilos from Ypsilanti a large mill waa in course of erection which waa routed , but had not the windows in . The land ) seemed dvyer aud better cultivated as we proceeded ; tLere were many beautiful farms , end extensive brick-works where oxen were employed in mixing the sand and clay .
Ann Arbor is six miles from Ypsilanti ; population 1 , 000 . The Creek runs through this place , the banks of which are beautiful . There is some low marshy land and a few towu-like buildings . Soiae iron is also inannfxotured here . Scio is a small place with flour and saw mills ; population 200 . Some little morass . Dexter has a population of from 3 to 400 . The banks here assimulate to the bid country . I observed a small prairie , and saw rooks , tbe same as we have in E > ic land .
Leoni is a very small but neat place , with very fine ,: high rolling land iu tbe neighbourhood ; the » aw also some clearings . ¦ . ' ; ^ s ^ - ¦" — Jackson has a population sf ^ - 'W ® l& *" ' toge State prison . Here tbe raUw «* tenninate » . I made a Bhort stay , then mounted a BttgBr- <» ach , taking my seat by tbe side of the driver . The day was very bet , and when we started the road waa very steep , with dry sand ; and as we proceeded up a hill we were all but stopped , particularly on the summit , by the immense quantity of dusfv We then descended a precipice at a most alarming speed . The roai was generally of this description in this neighbourhood , without form , but by no means void of stumps of trees . Brushwood very often touoheU the traces ; while large blocks of atone and hills of earth bound together by roots were frequently met
with . The ruts for the wheels , were uneven and deep , while the trail for the burses was a most unseemly affur . Tbe full excellencies of tfaia road , however , we dM not discover until we come to the Corduroy Bridges , which often occur , when a creek , a river , or a marsh has to be crossed . They are formed by driving large trunks of trees into the ground at stated places , on the t"p of which they affix other large trees , tracaversely ; and on these are rolled other trtinks of trees to form the road . No regard is paid to the relative size of these trees ; here you have one some eighteen inches in diameter , and the next some nine or twelve , and this too without a hatchet being put to them to flatten them . This sort of Way we sometimes had for hundreds , cf yards together The unevennsss , the jolting , and the slipping of the horses' feet from want of secure footing caused me involuntarily to say that no better means could possibly
have been devised to shake soul and body asunder . At short stages , tbe horses and cabmen were changed . Some of the drivers I found , to a certain degree conversible ; but all were very guarded , Bbort and dry in their expressions . All agreed that tbe roads were now at the very best ; and that they would be infinitely worse in the autumn , when people being afraid of travelling by the lakes , because of the storms , would crowd the stages . We passed through a very fine country , with some wet prairies . In three hours we travelled from Jamestown to Smithfield , being sometimes in the bush , then ruuningfoul of trees—for we passed through forests in our trick—next a bridge , then an bill , and last " a precipice , on descending which with break-neck speed , we sunk in a pool of stagnant water , the vehicle tottertag most alarming , and every moment iu danger of being overturned .
Albion has a population of 300 . A large Methodist Seminary is building here , and there is also a fl > ur mill and a few stores . The mill stands on the river Kalamazoo , which we crossed by a large wooden bridge , not of the corduroy kind , but covered with planks instead ot round stumps of trees . The banks ot the river are ^ Very picturesque . The country is formed of fine sloping banks with rolling prairies and oak openings . Tbe buildings in the village are neat and clean . S : x miles from Albion is the small village of M arlage . It f ' oes not contain more than twenty houses , yet there are some fine flour mills . We changed horses here , at Manyard's Inn .
We next arrived at Marshall—Michigan centre . The population amounts to about one thousand live hundred . It has some good stores . The Marshall house is a spacious hotel . There is likewise a handsome Court-house , a few good looking villas , and many well-built dwelling houses . It is expected tbat this place will soon be constituted the capital of the State , being tbe centre , and , of course , tbe most convenient and proper . Near tbe place is a good free-stone quarry , and a mill with machinery for cloth-dressing and wool-carding is about being put in operation . There are also in this place a Unseed-mill , two sawmills , an * twn flonr mills , all worked by water power ;
and they are digatajf for the erection o ! others . The railway from Detroit is te pass here , and is expected to be completed , so far , in about a year . T ^ e coach stopped at the Marshall-hoase , and on alightiDg I immediately made inquiry for a conveyance to Chester . While doing so I met with two Scotchmen , wbo went and found a third One of them knew me as a Chartist at Glasgow . His name is Ebenezer Anderson , by trade a mason . He told me he had been «» nly two months in the place ; that his , wages were two dollars per day ; tbat he bad got a quarter of an acre plot in the town , and that in a fortnight he would have a new house upon it He also told me be had been offered fifty acres of land for a verge watch .
Another of tbe Scotchmen was a person named Jonas Walkenshaw . He was from Lochgelly , in Fifeshlre ; he had a wife and four children , and worked on tbe railway . He liked the country , bat would advise no one to go . He bad got money , and was purchasing scrip of the Irish labourers , who , like himself , received it for wages , and then sold it at half price for whisky . This is the same sort of scrip as the sarip I mentioned when speaking of Detroit . It is to be taken up with the first proceeds of the railway when finished ;
aud it bears 7 $ per cent interest . So tbat here was a source of making money by buying money at halfprice , and realizing 7 £ per cent , until it is taken up . It is rather remarkable that this man had been in the employ of Dr . Smyles , At Dalkeitb , and he was much surprised on reading tbe letter he ( Dr . S ) had addressed to me . He informed me that he had purchased as good a cow for thirteen dollars , as be had given ten guineas for in Scotland . He also stated tbat he went from Grore-bridge along with his father to reside in Fifeshire .
My third countryman was Charles Cameron , from Butff , also a mason ; he had been five years here , and , I was told , bad in that tirr . o saved 12 , 000 dollars ; ho has got plots of land in payment of wages , and bad built upon them , aud bad tl \ en aold both bulMrhga and ' w ' iO ' 3 Kb 110 ^ 7 possr . id- a £ . WeUtJ-S X fiCIfc ? ; i ' . "_ d tbo ; , f « u id where thu railway is to tttmin&to ; a 1 . 1- proi-trty . When it is completed , it wi : i render his potticn
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very ' valuable . H « hid wade seven dollars per >*¦¦<¦? , on an average , since he casie here . The three furnished me with the p * ices ot the following articles : — Cheese , B ? e cents ., retail six cer . ti per IK Butter , eigbf cents ., ret .-i . il nine cents , per ib . Lard , four cants ., retail six cent * per lb . THURSDAY , 25 th . —I elept at the M&n , h » . ! l > use , and rose at break of day . I got into nay Bu ;> y . sir . cbey cali it , a little before six , anil started off , ir . qmri ,, ( f my way . toBLLVUK On my way I overtook one 'fmy late feUow-paasienuers on lake Erie , wfcu waa ^ d ; : »» : from near Rochester to Berrt . the next county U > Ea ro . T . I gave hiia a lift as far as I vroi g ° in , and be iefi me at Belvue , without even saying " thank ; ou . "
Belvue is a pretty piacs , with twODotana p- ~« rl ash manufactories . It btis also one saw m \ ' \ , ow fl > ur milt , ons turnery , three stores , one temperance . ~ r <\ two public" hou-ic ? It has likewise some ex p ensive nr ; okyards , and is celebrated for making breajl Air . Vv oo < 1-bury , " who is an exujnslve storekeeper , takes a ^ aea in txehamjo . fi . T t very description cf froo '' 8 . Here I am- ' .-i inquiry f ^ r Mr . Or others wndtsne- ; at Chester , aiiJ Was told that my bs ^ t way Wi . ai l ni \ o go tMt . ij . oi au ho . stback , Uie roitis It ' . ng no v > iy L « i'i . I nnjuuevi if u-. « y were worse tt i those 1 : . a ti-: ; v- '' ed over , ori < \ vis nns ^ cred tb"t ' 5 i ^ y w- _ ,. v a y , ml deal U'o < s <; : . nui t ' uis i deemed tube uiij' ;> 3 < s ; Li « . 1 i-. qu' . red if I could "borrow r . paui'Io . '' ami \ i * h / lr : th . i' \
could not bor . uw one there , but porhsps I Mii ^ h : ? et one ut tiie saw-mill . I asked tow far tint iw distant , ami received for answer th . it it was eig ' it in ^ Us which was further thn . u I expected having to « o in all : h ^ w' vtjr , I learued that thtj distance I h > i <> t «> cavel was ftiurt . 'eu mil *< s ; aud , wba 4 was still worce . Uv . t ' dhe worst prt lif , the road was before I reached tu ? > awmill . I then inquired if they thought I couki get through ; wLeu , aiter tcunn . ng the horsu , the cumage , and myself , tho answer , in besuating tone , wts , per fiaps—you—might !"
[ goon found that T had a difficult task to peiform . Howe / er I procie'led up a iano , crowded with round stumpsof trees , thr u * feat high . AtSvatI man . i ^ e . " toiirive round them toipr ^ bly well , and Bhjn came in sixht of a log but , where a road branched to the right . I enquired my way to Chester . A young wumui told vl . o tbat both Iho roads led to that place , hut that tn one to the light was the bast A ' lOhg this I therefore proceeded ; the lane beiug more crowded with stumps-, aact evidently less travelled upon , aud full of «< sep rais . I hadBOCftot above ! ia'f a mile on the r < ~ iid before my track lerl me from the lan « into the forest . T&yre wag here the m-st tplKuditi tlaiber , in great vavie'y . Some of tbe trees cuuld not be less than 100 feet high , genersiiy very straight and without a twij ? to the lop . I bad seen none so fir . o fciuco my landing , and I ninch admired them as my steady , willing little horse proceeded slovvlv orer tue broken tnrf .
Slew as was my pace . I was convinced that I had formed but an imperfect estimate of tbe difficulties I had to encounter . One pit in rapid su < -ces ? ion followed the other , each increasing in efze and depth . This cause ! me to hesitate ; and en looking ni the U . ick I reflected on tha saying of the coachman , tbat the ri . ads were now at the best , and tbat iu autumn iKy v . oui I be ten times worse ! I must have travelled at least six dreary miles when to my ^ i-eat joy I observed an opening between the trees , find soon saw a log cabin , at which I baited and asked if I could obtain refreshment for my horse . There was only a woman in the place , who said she was too ill to render me any assistance ; but she told me where the well was , and also where I should find a " cradlo" ( a
sort of scythe ) , with whick I might cut down a few oats for myself . This I soon accomplished ; and after resting haU an hour , again proceeded on my journey to Chester ; and , as the country seemed clear , I considered my troubles at an end . A boy and a young girl , who had entered the house while I remained , rode half a mile with me , and were foolish enough to let me pass the proper lane . I had not got above a mile before I came to a farm , where I eaw and spoke to a person whem I took to be the owner . He answered my questions rather drily . I had not gone more tban 200 yards before I got out of my track and was compelled to alight and lead my horse . The dry farmer observing me , came and voluteereo tbe information that 1 was in tbe wrong track , and after assisting to find taf
whip , which tbe jolting bad thrown out of the gig , I retraced my steps . He also assisted me to get from amongst seme felled trees , and then informed me that there were others which I should flad some difficulty in getting across . I was eoon enveloped in the bush , and found many pits and iarge trees ia my couistt , which proved greater impedimenta than any I had heretofore encountered . However , I compassed them , and after much labour reached the saw mill ; where I got better food for my horse and some refreshmentfor myself . Of course , I related my adventure , and after describing my difficulties in the clearest man-Bf * possible , tbe old man coolly and dryly observed . " When people travel here they take their hatchet with them . "
I was soon on my way again , and had not gone above 200 yards before I once move found myself in the bush , I made another stvuggle , and after a long darkness I had another peep at the iky . I next saw a maa engaged in chopping off the boughs of a tree which lay npon the ground . As soon as he lifted up his eyes , be raised himself from his position , and in an extacy of joy called out my name , and came and embraced me . He was from Huddersfleld , and had not aaen any one from tbat place , nor from England , since bis arrival , except those with whom be resided . He soon took me to Mr : Growther . My horw was taken care of , and I was at home for the night .
I bad always been given tj understand chat much boBpitality prevailed in the wildernesses of America ; but at the saw mill , above mentioned , I was chargedthough it was only a private house—six limes the amount ot what I and my horse consnmed . This was by old Dry-siclds , who toW me " I should have had my hatchet with me . " At this mill I met a gentleman who had lost his horse—it having strayed ; and he was kind enough to inform me that in my way I must take a side course , through an enclosure , or I should be fast ; and bo I should have been had I not attended to his directions . The saw mill is called Vermontise .
The practice here is to take a thrashing machine into the middle of a wheat field , and there tbraeh and winnow , and after carrying away the wheat , leave the fit raw and chaff in an irregular heap . I have frequently seen men thrashing in the open air on a aort of wooden platform , laid down for the purpose . On being introduced to Mr . Crowther , he manifested much' astonishment at seeing me there . He took me round his land , at least , so far as my lameness would allow me to go ; part of it was cleared , and part covered with close and heavj timber . He told me that since he had last come from England be had exchanged farms with his brother-in-law , and tbat the one for which he had exchanged being well cleared , he thought he could dispose of it for cash , of which he stood much in need .
Crowther resided in a kg hut , which had been left by his brother . The one in which he had previously resided was occupied as a weaving ebop by James Bailey , and a person of the name of Wood , from Slaithwaito , Yorkshire . They also resided in it , and it was truly a crammed-up affair altogether , There was also a cow-house , wh | ch was much too open fox a winter covering . He baa also a pair of oxen , a few cows , a swarm of pigs , and some poultry . His wheat has this year been destroyed by smut ; his Indian corn , however , is of a middling quality . The land , which was partially cleared of stumps , is of a rather light sandy Boil ; not , ia my opinion , calculated to yie . 'd a very heavy cropt of anything , except timber . I may be mistaken , but appearances corroborate tbe opinion I have formed .
A fine , though small , stream of water runs through part of the property , which would be rendered valueable in propelling machinery , of which Crowther ia very anxious to possess himself , being desirous to embark in manufacturing , from which , I believe , be might derive mucn profit Tbe place might « oon be converted into a very comfortable and happy spot . On finding myself amongst those to whom I was known , I felt quite at home . Bailey . and Wood were weaving vestings , and Bottowley was the person whom I found chopping the tree . Mrs . Crowtber soon prepared supper which consisted of butcher ' s meat , butter , cheese , eges , fruit , pies , bread , biscuits , potatoes , Urn and cold water . After tbe repast they told me they would have a pig killed for me on the following day . I taid as I must leave in the morning it would be of no use . ( To be continued . )
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Liverpool Cattle Mabket , Monday Mat 8 . — The supply , of- Beasts at market to-day has been much tho same am last week , but rather a smaller supply of Sheep . Beef 4 £ d to 5 £ d , Mutton tjjd to 6 d per lb . Number of Cattle at market " : —Beasts 1 , 039 , dheep 3 , 049 . Liverpool Corn Mabket , Monday , May 8 . — Tbe imports of each article of the Grain trade since this day se'nnigbt are of small amount . A cargo ( about 950 qrs ) of Wheat arrived from Daazig . We have still to report only a limited demand for Wheat .
but holders of that grain hare been somewhat more tenacious , and for the middling qualities of foreign Id to 2 d per bushel advances has Deeu obtained ; the business or the week includes a purchase or two fox the interior and for Ireland . Flour has met a moderate Bale at previous rates . There has been little inquiry for OatB , but the quantity offering being at the same time small , prices have been maintained ; best mealing samples are worth 2 * 4 d per 45 ibs . Oatmeal most be quoted 6 d per load cheaper ; Its 6 d per . 240 ibs a top price , aud not much sold . Barley ia held for rather more money , ^ o change as . re « aards Beans or Peas .
London Cokw Exchange , Monday , May 8 . — The supply-of Wheat by land carriage samples was moderate this morning , and the factors tried to establish an advance , which they could oaly do to the extent ot Is on ihe fine dry white and rea , and parcels out of condition remain as last week . T / iere were a few country buy ^ ra of foreign a ; market , which gave a little more spirit , and good sweet Wheat must be quoted Is dearer . We hurt no iiiquivies for bo&dtd . B-. niey is scarce , and soils at the name i&ie-j . 1 V-2- ; i < . unx . u v , iiftcut aHci'at . ^ n . Now Bi-ans wu . efLily as t ..-ar , i > l < . a v «; ry dull taie . O&ts were taken siowly at last Aionday ' s currency .
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J__ T HE NORTHER N STAR . ' " ' - —•— " ¦ - -- ¦
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HAJIMONY HALL . LETTER IX . TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —In my former letters , I have pointed out that the exigencies of the times now it quire vigorous and decided exertion on the part of tbe people for a universal object ; namely to secure the happiness of every individual , by affording to all a soun < 1 practical education ana permane t beneficial employment . 1 have shewn that by m- ^ na ot tfeis exertion , wellcoabintd and wisely directed , the people have now the powar of speedily follo-R-in ^ the advice given them sometiird since by S : r Rjb ^ rt Peel-, —that they should take iheir affairs into thtir own handB ; and that if they do so . in a proper manner , that each individual wi ; i &e « t promote his own happiness , by aiding to secure at the same time , the happiness of all classes , ranks , Beets , and parties .
I cave given fhe outline of an association , wheTeby a universal society may be formed on principles capable of giving satisfaction to all ; and I have explained some of tue preliminary steps vrhich such a society should take . 1 have now to continue this division of my subject , by m iking bohi * - rems-. ks on the election of a President to tbe Society , and of the kind of manifesto or Charter that fhonld be pat forth . WrJi regard to tbe first proposition , namely , who should be the Prtside :. t of the Association ; if your readers wili refer to my letttr , No . 2 , in this series , tbey will find the following remarks : — " I know no
ptison whose knowledge , either of tbe great wants of ttw propie , cr of the readiest mode of obtaining those warn * , are equal to Mr . Owen ' s , and 1 wished tbe Cb&nist body to hare before them a general review of hia career , toa : If at any future period , the question of a nutianal ortr-nisition f « r the purpc&e of effecting a change uiiy be necessary , we may know where to look for on whom whatever differences may exist with regard to practicil measures , all will acknowledge to be beat acquainted with the principles on which the change sfe&nld be conducted , and a calm investigation , will I think , place him as the centre from which the unity should radiate . "
From tbeae remarks it will be readily seen that 1 consider Mr . Owen the most fitting person for the office of President of the society , and that as such , I should be prepa ; ed to invent aim with every authority neoea « ary for the exercbe of that office . As Mr . Owen has however hetn long h&tore the pnblie as a practical reformer , a : d bas beec engaged in several experiment * tbat have hern deemed by the world to be failures , the question may here be fairly put tome , wbtther my confidence in Mr . Owen \ & unbounded ; the more especially as it is well known that we have been much engaged together in conducting the affsirs of the social body .
To tfcw I would reply that experience has taught me thst ne man is yet truly rational on every subject ; nor shouli that unlimited coi . fi"lenee be placed in any one , that should prostrate the intellect of others to bis opinions alone ; more especially in matters of practical detail , tor unless tbe cenvictions proceed along with action , do truly efficient service can be rendered ; but 1 inow no individual whose general experience in practical detail eqaala Mr . Owen " s ; and , u it regards principles , 1 believe all who read this , and know Mr . Owen , wiij cordially agree that he stands alone in the general knowledge he possesses of the science * of human natare and of society . There are , however , two pointa in Mr . Owen ' s individual organization , to
watch I would draw the especial attention of those who would be called upon to place him in such an office as the one to which 1 refer , and respecting which 1 would obtain the best guarantee * in my power to procure ,- for my experience has led me to believe that precautions are neeessary , and I should rtfl-.-ct little crtdi \ on Mr . Owsn , as the teacher of such principles as he laya down , which I consider it my higheat privilege to be a disciple of ; nor Bhonld J am sure give bim uny persona ) gratification , if I hesitated whenever and whenever it may be required , to declare my convictions for tbe purpose of advancing those principles in the must rapid Banner—the two points to which 1 refer arv finance , and the selection of individual
diameter . I approach the subject of reviewing Mr . Owen ' s career in any language beside what the world would cail that of praise , with great timidity ; although those wjj ; . are truly acquainted with the principles on which tue science of human nature is baaed , will well know , tbe id&a of praise or blame cannot ame with me wbil « t I write ; knowing , as I do , tbat every action of every human being ia necessitated , and knowing also that it is more likely 1 should judge erroneously tban tbat Mr . Owen should act to ; but the cause 1 advocate is that of general humanity , asd the emergency ot the crisis prevents me confining myself to any personal consideration whatever , and I am compelled , In tbe pnblie duty 1 have undertaken , to declare what J believe to be the truth , and the whole truth , when it becomes necessary for such high purposes as redeeming and preserving my feliowmen .
Mr . Owen's arrangements for reconstructing society do not inelude a pound , chilling , and pence fLnanoe , nor should be ever be mixed up with one , for he does not like it ; and , ms it regards individual cbsracter , be so reedily believes every one actuated by tee same feelings as himself , that be appears to have little idea that he is ever addressed for a personal or sinister purpose . These matters ffiiy , however , be easily arranged : an-., as the affairs of tbe society become of sufficient magnitude to engage Mr . Owen's attention , hi * mind alone will be enabled to grapple with them . A stranger pro&f of Mr . Owen ' s knowledge of the wants of the people cannot be given than is shown by a document which he has lately put forth , as the Preliminary Charter of the Rational System , and which it would be extremely difficult to amend , as the manifesto of the new society . The following ate tbe points of this Charter : —
1—National productive employment for all who desire it 2—National unexelusive superior practical education tor ail 'who rtqnire it 3—A graouased property tax , commencing with properties yielding an income of not less than two hundred pounds a year . i—Tbe abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies . 5—Free trade in alJ things with ftl ] the world . 6—Fine t-greflsand ingress to all natives and foreigners
except 10 foes in hostility . 7—Unrestricted liberty of speech , writing , and publication . $ —Tee abandonment of the three fundamental errors , hitherto taught to the human raoa from birth : 1—Tbat mas forms his own character ; 2—That he can believe or disbelieve at pleasure ; 3 That he has tbe power to like or dislike at pleasure . S—The adoption of the three opposed fundamental truths * .
1—That man does not form his own character ; 2—That he cannot believe or disbelieve at pleasure ; 3—That he cannot like or dislike , love or hate in obedienoe to his wishes . 10— The abandonment of tbe practice of creating anything inferior , when it may be made superior . 11 The abandonment et foreign sad all artificial-made m ^ cey , » nd to tbe adoption of national-made money to represent the exact v * lu 8 ot exchangeable wealth . 12—Ice exchangeable value of all wealth to be decided by properly qualified officers , appointed by tha nation , who will have no private interest to bias their judgment _ __ vital im
Ttni document contains mnttera of tbe most - portance , all easily attainable at tbe present moment , because when carefully considered each separate proposition will be beneficial to every individual in the nation and may be easily shewn to be ao . The only burthen imposed by it is tbat contained in the third point , namely , a graduated property tax ; but aa this ia to commence oni * with those who have an income exceed ing two hundred pounds a year , and will be accompanied by the remission of all existing taxes , even these persons will soon perceive that tbeir individual interest and security will be preserved fey this tax being paid , a : d they will , when the pressure comes , readily yield a portion te preserve the remainder . It will also be apparent that Justice demands that taxation should be placed on what is called accumulated property , aa it is this alone that requires protection .
This Charter is : however , far too important to be discussed in this letter , but will require many to point out anything at all approaching to tha results to be obtained ; bat Mr . Owen state * it must still be kept distinct from the object * for which it is destined to prepare tbe way , which are to terminate , — 1 st . Poverty , or tbe most distant fear of it , for ever . 2 nd . All division of mind between individuals and nations . 3 rd . AU wan , civil , religious , and national 4 th . The creation of all the inferior passions , with all uncoarit&bleness . 5 th . The unnecessary sufferings of the millions proceeding from causes , all of which may no * be removed , and their recurrence prevented .
Tbe mart that could take Use conception of these ideas and promulgate them on his own responsibility to the world as the means of exciting tbe thought and awakeDjnir the rtflrction of otner minas , must himself possess a mind capi ^ . f of lefi ^ ing forward snob a movement as ibe one I refer t . >; or at least of acting as the central p-int froni "stoics it ib- ; uld radiate . 1 cere must be associated with the President , whoever be may i >? . as his council , the largest , calmest , mos ' . cnl . 'tiittiicd , ana most advanced minds that can
Untitled Article
CONSISTENCY . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir—I have ventured to address you on a matter that seems to have escaped your violent" observation . Mr . OConnell , the traducer of Chartists , whatever their creed or name , is now a convert to that policy which he form rly repudiated . The first time in his long and unholy career of agitation , he declares himself to be a man guided by honest principle ! in the advocacy of his opinion ? . He ib now pWgtd to rest satisfied with nothing less than ihe ictiofe ! This is CuaRTJSM ! An expression ot opinion like to that for which he denounced the Radicals of England and of Scotland ! At a repeal meeting iu Kell he is reported to have addressed his countrymen as follows : —
" I have come all the way from Dublin for the purpose of giving you a piece of news . Tne rspeal is comiu « t ; tho repeal is coming —/ will not consent to take auy ihir . g less titan a repeal . ' I never wili take any thing from England except repeal" ! ! Sir , such a declaration , at such a time , from snch an agitator , carries on its front a moral , the which , I trust , you will not overlook in your comment , seeing the readers of Radical journals require such & stimulant as this example affords . Tours , fcc ., " Argus . " College of Tiibunes , May 3 , 1843 .
Market Intelligence.
MARKET INTELLIGENCE .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 13, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct802/page/7/
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