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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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EMIGRATION . -tfHEBE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . a 0 T x TOrB THBOVGH A POSTIOS OP CANADA , 15 D S 5 TKBAL 0 ? THE STATES OP KOBTH iJtXilCA , PAXTICCXABIT THE STATES OF HASSACSrSSTIS , BBODB 2 SLAKD , KEW Y « HK , PS 55 ST 1 TAB 1 A , OHIO , MICHIGAN , IiLISOIS . ¦ W 1 SCOS 51 S . AM ) SK"W JKRSET , WNDEBIAKEh WITH A VISW OP ASCERTAINING THE DEsr 8 ABlI . , OB OTHKBWJSB , OP EMIGRATION ; a sjo to J ^ gs op thb best location , fob x 5 gl 1 sh km « bants , fbom actcal obseb--7 * 11021 . B LA . WBENCE PITKETHLY , of Hnddenfield .
( Continued from our latt veeVt ptper . J JOUBNAL . —DESCRIPTION OP DITNKLRK , ftiNDUSKT , DETROIT , - he FE . I 3 AT , 26 th . —1 bejmn my journey from Chbstbh -on . slur fcreak of dsy ; Mi . and Mi * . Crowther iirisz both got up and prepared a breakfast ninrfiw to the supper . Feeling annoyed at the delay occasioned L . much cooking , I took tome milk , and hastened Cro tber u > get ready the horse and buggy . Crowttier mMffed to accompany me . He managed to drive mneh bad
w ^ tex than I done , and took & long Btretcb of road much better than that over which I had travelled , gsjjl we had moch difficulty in reaching Beltcb , where we called npon a friend of Crowtber ' a , named T >» Tid Jedson , an Englishman , with a most handsome -ife and two charming daughter * , very neatly dressed . 5 b « were all highly amused by my yesterday ' s adventure which I related while the ladies were engaged in ^ J aring dinner for us . They had dined . However tbej sai down at the table , and after tasting excused fljemsclTES and explained . that Pork
ill . Jedaon informed me was selling at three jaits per pound ; Wheat per bushel fifty cents % Indian Corn eighteen to twenty-fivs cents ; Oa t * thirteen to j ^ fcieea ; Barley twenty-five to thirty ; Millet little fl ftpfL ifr £ i taking leave of the amiable family of the J # d-—jjs , •« proceeded onward fer Marshall , a n * took a different road to the one I had travelled . The drive w » very pleasant and considerably cleared . We went j 0 £ 6 } isishall House from whence the coach was to jtart . It was soon Teady ; but I did not feel comfortjiilfi it the thonght of having to travel over rouch j ^ ia the dark , it being then nine o ' clock at " night ; bowerer , I found the roads somewhat better than 1 angopated . The coach , which was bnna on strong leathern ten , swung exceedingly . There are three seats to the » ji 3 ican stage coaches ; one at each end , and one in Qg middle , which is moveable . A strong leathern belt
esses sbove the seats and forms a rest for the back ; ifcere are neither glass nor pannels at the sides , but £ ej are open with a sort of canvas apron to button up » j pleasure . Ths passengers consisted of myself , six Ysztee dandies and a cheerful young lady . The candies were very merry and not at all choice in thefr jttecfion o ! phrases . Tbe lady was equally free . They Bide some joking remarks respecting myself ; but fcoowing where I was , I took them very patiently . The coach halt * d at Kalahazoo . In the Inn fcere was a vary larga wood fire , around which I was Bcrprisird to see the passengers crowd as thoagh it had jeea the middle of winter , while I knew nof-feow to fcaep myself cooL We remained here about an hour , and left behind us the noisy gents ant the loquacious hdy . The town is handsome , well situated and well boil : ; and the country around it is beautiful and
Owpeculiarity connected with American stage coach tnvelliBg arrested my attention . There are not constant jtopp ^ a at tits inns , as with as in England ; but the eotcbmia carries with him a watering pail ; and when becomes to a stream , or well , or pool , as the case ma ; bt , he alight * and waters bis hones . Saxcrd . it , 27 th . —From . _ this place , KalamaZOO , wb next Teacbed Paw Paw . HaviDg crossed the river EalsmsEDe , cur course lay through a very fine country . We arrived at Paw Paw about nii ^ e o ' clock ia the xsarsisg when we breakfasted , and then again proceeded throegh a rich course of" country , having is the distasee to our left , the White Pigeon Prairie , which is well settled by both Scotch and English emigrants . The forests are ntber numerous ; yet there are cany openings with neat bousos and log huts . The crop * are in general good and heavy ; though the whole n mnch damsged by smut .
On our way we took up two young ladies named Wcodrewfs , wboee father had been a Methodist preacher , bet had some yean ago taken up his abode on a very handsome farm , on which be died , leaving a widow and numerous family . These ladies were very polite , and furnished much valuable local information . We had also with ns a person of the name of King , vco travelled by coach , having a " scruple of conscience" against Sunday travelling , which be could not lave avoided bad he gone round by the Likes . He eid U be cooJd not hare crossed the Lake before Sontisj , he would have staid at Su Joseph's till Tuesday , there being no coach on Monday , and , of course , no sterner to cross . This gentleman spiritualized most SBtzisgly with the young ladies .
We also took up a blacksmith , who , in conversation , ¦ id that money could not be obtained , and that people of ill kinds wens seeking work daily , and none could five them it for the want of means to pay them , although workmen of every description were much required . After crossing a very long flit wooden bridge over h iwamp on the verge of tbe river , the coach wu drawn on board a ferry boat on the St . Joseph's over , sod landed at a town of the same name , which partly stands on the summit of a considerable elevation , Rd partly below on the margin of the river .
The river here rather resembled a bay of the lake , Sao anything else , foraisg a very extensive Tnarrh . I ccffltittded that the marsh must be the source of much disease . Tbe landlord , however , of tbe inn where the eoteh stopped told us be had lived there thirty years tad had always enjoyed as good health as he then « joyed , and he was the most healthy looking asd corpukat man I had seen in the Slates . Ob the opposite bank of the river from St . Josetb ' i , t ridge of sand bills run along the verge of ths lake " ^ "fr ' gim . which in times of speculation were all surveyed t&d laid < yat , and vast hubs of money paid for bcBditg lots . It reminded me of accounts I had read ft ths ssady deserts of Aiabia ; for it would have been Brae rational to have built upon piles over the lake or tbe ba \ .
At five pja . the steamer arrived with passengers , and the coacfe started for JaCK . sos , by tbe rouVe we had earns . TTe bad te wait tili the steamer was previded wiia wood for the fires , and got out of the bay } n « t before the twilight , having a good view of the i&are . ST 5 DAT , 28 th . —On the passage across the lake , ' the fsnieman who spiritualized with the ladies informed * e that , in 1 S 34 , a company purchased , through their ifBta , six or eight square miles of as good land as any a UliBoa for a dollar per sere , all prairie land ; and Bat g > ey afterwards bought about 1000 acre * ol wood ™» d , abost sx mil&s distant from tbe larger purchase , * t from one at * a quarter to five dollars per acrel This be mid was a good purchase .
The purchase was made for the establishment of s ttanaimitT . the Earue of which is Delayan , tear « ai > G ? iEL » , tbe capital of the State . This comma-Bjtj is , ktfc njogt others , bound together by religious ties 24 r . Sing gaj / j t £ at Ending they hsd mado such an ad-J ^ i »? eou 3 purchase , and were deing so well , they "w ^ ht a faarm and erected a share saw mill spon it , * hich proved a dead loss to the amount of near 10 , 000 dollars ; a losa equivalent to the gain realized by t&e
othsrpurchases . Tie scene of their principal opera-T * * ^ in Iaswell county , six miles south of Illinois ? ' ^ ' - > 1 infiMi bj tbe Springfield and Peoria road . ¦ iH » ccacaj oiiity were offered a farm and saw mill , an 4 T ^ ter p- ^ ur ,. ready for working , at a price which would bite Esved them 19 , 000 doilare , instead of losing jj- ^ t Es m by the erection of the other , thus mating a p ^ race of 20 000 dollars . They have built a very « rrc hall ¦ which was not required , an J have other wise « aa ott mare money than was prudent cne ia * t to have
. ^ o s csmmuiiity are allowed spirits a ihtir posseseicn , except the apotbecariea , to be used * ° r afcdiemai purposea . The project was carried out by . shares , and when the ti ** ^ ' b ° uses , ard other buildings were coinf *_ " « d , the whole was solti by auction , in lots , no one * x * S allow ed to bid but tbe shareholders ; so that all P *^ » fair chanse , and the overplns went into the faiir-s , e thnB came back to the subscribers . loere is another lot about the « : Z 3 of the one jast ^ ribed on which the brotber-in-law of Mr . King r » - Eflta , whtre 20 D 0 acres could be bought i . t frr , in two * & £ **** t 0 fiTe doILjs P * « re . Mr . King de-¦ Koed ifce situation of other plots similar to the above . * » OBi ( j tj ^* t his gentleman bad a temporal view ia all ** « i < l on the qnmioij of the land . One thing be tried *? !! S pKas OH 1 ET Tninri mnu-lt fhnt it W » B more
Brc-« Wt te pctchase land whieh vhe Tankfefes had clearfed _ ¦ •^ "Eproved , than for Englishmen to purchase uncultinu « i traeki . We arrived in Chicago Biver on Sunday morning , * ' * o o'dock . Thus , after all Mr . King's resolves and "" tjon , he did break the Sabbath" on his journey . >^ « bad a Sue passage across the Lske . We started ^ our berths at daybreak , and prepared to go on ~** - 1 scon found my friend Mr . George Anderson , f ~*« G . asgow , who wja most kind to me , and desired * *?? * 'n&e ffiy stay at bis house . He soon intror * ° » Hie to lir . Pinkprtnti . frnm fttufimw . who also
fr * * ' Mr . P ., wko had lately arrived from Scot-^ a , fca . 1 besn deluded to and robbed on tbe ba-Jts ot ^ ii ; « isspL He had very recently come to this g * * - ^ cre , by the aid of his countryman , be is about ix ^ r ^^ * 2 C * ^ asfiniES ^ a cooper . At breakfast 1 was ^ so-cctQ t 0 > Andersen and Mrs . PiEkerion . Mrs . --s been here a jear , and has betn doing well and J-Jiiu { aU the comforU of life ; jel she wa * Vciy deto U , return b » ck to Scotland . M' p V' 11 * 6 * lwcn t'with Mr , Anderson to visit a -- aot&on ^ , 5 fam £ y > reniGi ^ ^ SiUi 6 street ij ^; 'fcre txcteaxEgiy kind . I ttsyed to r- s , and vnas ' * a tv sisep there , -which I did durinc m ; , stay . In t , * . 3 » := ! l * - H . drove Mr . A . tuo . inyse :: roand tbe t . ' & a considtiifele diataiiw : tb- _ : ¦ ^ n being on y . *^ . * tte ^ e , sad tpaa £ fl . t pr ^ r . ie . r .- ^; . T v ¦ £ ; - ' kit Louden fc- » ^ twTo . i , a-d after ^ . ' t " * ytiJ ! i ia \ Z . zi city , ht tr-- ?! : ti wesw ' aai i > 3 cgti a fiKn Eomfe f . rs- i __ s ristant
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from Chicago . He now carries on an excellent business as a tailor and draper . He never lived upon his farm , bnt hired persons to attend to it ; and finding it a heavy charge , he sold it to a Mr . F * wc ^ tt , an old Vwebsler , who had been a commercial traveller in England , and had at last sat down here in perfect content , and 1 n » ay say , solitude . Mr . H . had lost two hundred dollars by tbe improvements he had made ; and he is rore that Mr . F . will be a lose * by his method ef managing the farm . About two months ago , Lord Morpeth arrived here , on a Sunday morning , and stayed Jit the City Hotel , opposite Mr . Hodgson ' s . He went te the church , and took powession of Captain Bussell ' s pew . Mrs ,
Russell soon after arrived , when his lordship opened the door and walked out until she walked in . He then followed her and seated himself by her side . Mrs . Russell considered this an insnlt ; and made inquiries as to who the person was , who could be so ludeas to take such a liberty in her husband ' s absence . Inquiry was made , and the was informed it was Lord Morpeth . " Yes , " she said , " I thonght be must be some lowbred fellow , or be wonld not have been guilty of such a thing . " This lady was of the first standing in the city , bat she had bo respect fer aristocrats , lit . Van Barea had visited the city in the interim betwixt Lord Morpeth ' s visit and mine , and the cittern * turned ovtt and gave him a public entry , when the same lady was one of the front in tbe mounted procession .
I may here observe that Lord Morpeth had sent a messenger before him to announce his arrival , evidently expecting that a demonstration would be got up by some of the American Whigs . It was , however , " no go . " Therefore after his church- « oins , he took his departure the same day on board tbe Great Western steamer , from the deck of which be showed himself as mnch av possible ; yet , not a cheer was given in honour of the aristocrat and ex-Secretary of Ireland . The only parties who went to pay their respects , wtre a pork curer and a draper ; both Whigs , tf course . The wisdom of the Yankees was ele&rly shown in their
contempi ; of empty titles . "Van Buren , who visited Chicago very shortly after the lord , met with a very different reception . The Militia , the Montgomery guard , and all the Volunteer Corps , turned out in full uniform ; and in the port the flags were hoisted at every masthead , and every other nianifestation of joy was made . In short , the ex-President w&b received as a friend and a brother . Mr . Van Buren had been raised to the highest office by the voice of his brother cit zins , and he had performed his duty to their satisfaction . How gratifying must it then have been to receive their applause , with a knowlrdse that he had earned it
In the first Chicago Democrat published after his lordship ' s visit , it was sta' ^ ed that Lord Merpeth has visited this city , and h&d the honour of sitting next to tu at dinner . " This was the only public notice taken of him . Mr . King , of Beenadotte , Fulton County , Illinois , who had migrated from the New EDgland States to Rochester , in the West of New York State , was here watching tfee turn of events , ready to dart npon any place which would be advantageous . Bebsadotie is 200 miles from Chicago ; SO miles to travel by coach and the remainder by steam-boat . His residence u 16 miles from the Illinois river , which be regularly vuiU , returning with corn which is generally sent to Si . Louis , where they cofor salt and other merchandise .
Mokdat 29 ; b —Mr , Ware , who was apprenticed to an engraver , in New York , but who is now making boots and shoes for tbe citizens of Chicago , and whose father is a farmer at Otsijo , she miles south , of Soutkport , in IllinoiF , gave me the following information : — Mr . Wells , to whom he had been apprenticed , had been Bbown a plan of an intended city , 1 , 000 miles from any white settlement , and 1 . 500 milet south-west of this place , or described to be so by Mr . Kinneriey , who professed to be the proprietor , bnt who aerex owoed a yard of the land , and who it is believed had never been in the country ; but who bad procured imaginary
designs , and beautifully coloured descriptions of what the city would arrive at in a few years ; with roads , bridges , navigable rivers , railways , steamers , lakes , and minerals in abundance ; the prairies of tbe richest kind ; timber of tie finest quality . In fact it was described as a perfect paradise . Upon these bare assertion , Mr . Wells paid down 6 , 000 dollars , and he was not the only one thus duped by a mode of swindling quite new to me ; asd a mode too not so soon detected , as a lifetime might be spent before finding the district , a distance , it was said , of 3 , 000 miles from Kew
York-I was informed that s Mr . Franklin came to this place some years ago , with considerable capita ) , and was asked 100 dollars for a town plot of land . This he considered to be too much , and after looking round , he said he could do no good with his capital , and therefore be returned to England . Some time after he came out again , and offered the amount he had been before asked for the plot , but was then asked 4000 dollars . This so alarmed him , that he agaia returned home . Asd , as if to proye the eft-repeated assertion , that when a person bad or . ce visited America be cannot rest when from it , be returned to Chicago once more , and was asked 14 , 000 dollars for the raid plot of land . -Three yean age it was disposed of for 40 , 000 dollars . Thus shewing what this gentleman might have raved in ¦
travelling expenses and realized in profit had he at first paid down the 100 dollars . It also shews the rapidly increasing value of town land in consequence of the speculating mania . This land was put in possession of a banking company as security , and during the panic they ssld it by auction for 17 , 000 dols . About this time Illinois paper fell from 100 to 35 cents per dollar . Colonel Hamilton , who held all the offices in this place when in its infancy , bougkt a lot for 100 dollars , be was afterwards offered for the same plot 18 . 000 dollars ; be stood out and would take no less than 24 , 000 , and it is now worth no more than 4 , 500 dollars . Messrs . Moseley and Masord bought a lot for 37 , 000 dollars , to be paid for by instalments . They have paid more than one half the amount It is now worth no more than 200 dollars .
A gentleman , in the height of the mania , bought a large lot , on which he built a splendid mansion about a mile out of tbe city . He paid at that time forty dollars per thousand for bricks . Now they can be bought at three-and-a-half dollars . Carpenter's wagea were then three dollars a day ; now they have not half that sum ; and be paid for everything in thefsame proportion . This house has now passed from its owner , and ia like a deserted village . Farm serranta' wages were here one dollar per day , with board in harvest Now they have twenty dollars per . month . Butcher ' s meat when at tbe highest is , for beef two and a half and three cents , wholesale ; retail three cents . Tbe offal is thrown to the dogs . Mutton two and two ' and a half c ? nts by the quarter ; in small cuts four
and five cents . Veal , retail , four cents . Pork , during autumn and winter , ( in summer it is little used ) one and a half cents . Chickens six shillings York , or or three shillings and a halfpenny English , per < ocen . On an average they are one dollar per dczsn . Fiour three dollars per barrel of 196 pounds . Indian corn one and a baif dollars per bushel , rough off the cobb . O 3 ts twenty cents , and wheat sixty-five cents per buBheL Vegetables are now very plentiful , and consequently very cheap ; apples eighteen cents or ninepence per bushel ; peaches thirty-seven and a half cents . F / esb butter eight cents per lb . Cheese from seven to eight cents per lb . Potatoes eighteen cents per bushel . Sugar ten cents per lb . Best Hyson tea seventy-five cents per lb . Coffea eight Jbs . for one dollar . Fish six cents per lb ., and smoked ham six cents per lb .
My box not having arrived , I spent the afternoon with Mr . Hodgson and family . The day was very hot Yesterday , a gentleman on bis way to church , having on a black C 3 p , which concentrated tbe sun ' s rays , was Sus-struck , and was in a very dangerous state ; however , he recovered about tea-time . Mr . Hodgson drove me oat to the extent of the intended city , which , like all Americoj intended cities , is of no mean extent In our circuit we passed upwards of 200 waggons front Indiana ; soms were drawn by oxen and others bad horses ; they were all unyoked and feeding by the sides of tbe wantons . They were waiting until mxt morning , when they wonld go into the city to dispose of the pror . nce , which principally consisted of wheat They also bring frait , which sometimes is sold exceedingly cheap , tbe market being frtqnently glutted .
I was at a loss o know what the people meant when talking abont the " huslers , " until I was told that it was the came generally givt n to the Indiana farmers . They encamp during tbe night on tbe verge of tbe lake , and form xo Biean appearance , their encampment ; resembling that of an invading army . Tae waggons had , ic general , six cr ti ^ bt oxen attac hed to them ; some of a » rnaL ' er frzs had two or four horses . These proprietors , or farmers , are very different in their habits to our prcud English farmers , who send their servants with tbe teams , while tbey ride on horseback and put up at the first inns , even when an aristocratic landlord is waiting for their last shilliag . Tbe appearance of these Indiana farmers is quite novel , and might be mistaken for an arrny of gypsies preparing to lay sie ? e to Fort Dearborn , which is Situated between tbe lake and the city , on the south side of the river , and was erected for the defence of the settlers against the incursions of the Indians .
I found that the settlers of tbe States around here have v ch a sort of bye-name , as the following : —Connecticut , " Yellow-bellied Yankees ; " Ohio , " Corn Crakers ; " Michigan , " Buckeye ; " Illinois , " Suckers ;" and Indiana , " Hosiers . " Mr . Heron , of Pireust , west of here , on the Fox Biver , said he wanted a man with a small family to take charge of his cattl *; and he desired I would look out for one . Tbe wages he proposed to give were sixteen or eighteen dollars per month , to live rent-free , but to provide for himself ; although he might grow as many vegetable * as his famiiy required , have as much milk as they could ast , kill a pig when he liked , have Indian corn at 24 cents and wheat at 60 cents per bushel , beef at 2 or 3 cents , and sa . ted pork at 1 and l £ cents per lb . His living , therefore , would not amount to more than one-sixth of his wa .. es .
Mr . Heron is by trade a carpenter , and formerly worked for a dollar a-day . He afterwards commenced jobbing work , and stated that be would now wark in no oLher way ; he also said he would labour for no man for less than tbres bushels of wheat , er fifty lfca . weight of pork per day . He has Iani , cavrle , and buildings , in addnion to h a own business , at which he worked for ail who wtuld employ him . He had come forty mileB with his wheat , which he had sold , end would return the following morning . Fxoni tte nature of my inquiries , he suppoBed that I via looking out for a settlement , He therefore
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presssd me very much to accompany him , offering to take me free of charge , and provide fee me while I remained . Of course , he , like all others , wanted neighbours , that thereby the value of his property might be enhanced . These people are very hospitable ; sod I should have aeeepted this kind man ' s invitation , bad I not suffered too much fatigue , and the weather being « o extremely hot He informed me of several good locations ia his neighbourhood , but there was a deficiency of timber , and they were compelled to grow it He said the vicinity of the Rock River was better than that of the Fox , for ths growth of wheat ; but the latter was better for the growth of Indian corn . He likewise described a settlement , principally Scotch , who were at a great distance from timber ; but they were now planting . He gave them great praise for sobriety and industry .
This man informed me that ten miles on bis way home iwestward ) the rise above the level of Cbicago is nly four feet , and that all the way there was a perfect level as far as his own home . More westward the land had alight elevations , but for hundreds of miles there are ne prominent hills . Mr . Hogdson told me that he always kept his smoked hams under round stones , or what , in Yorkshire , are called " Boulders ; " he had also a kind of large double box , stuffed between the boards with hay , in which he preserved his potatoes from the frost
I here learned that public principle was prestrated at the sbrine of Mammom , in regard to the New York Bnd Erie railway , by many pledging themselves to vote for such candidates for Congress , as would guarantee to rapport the carrying out of that work , however much they might disagree in politics . Tbe line of railway is intended to carry tbe trade directly west , and will oppose the Boston and Albany railways . No doubt it would be advantageous to a large district of country and will greatly augment the value of property . Property is here idolised . ' So much bo , that I am told many openly advocate a property qualification for voters . Mr . Hodgson showed ma a bonse , which was small , for which he had paid 350 dollars per annum rent , but the landlord asking 400 , be built one for himself . The house he rented cost only 500 dollars . It now lets for 106 dollars .
Mr . Hessey , an Englishman , bought a plot of building ground for 10 , 000 dollars for which he was afterwards offered 50 , 000 . He said if it was worth that sum to others , it was of equal worth to himself ; he , therefore , refused to take less than 100 000 . The speculation mania ceased . Tbe crash came ; the banks closed ! and his plot would only realize a mere trifle . Subsequently this gentleman had to make a voyage to England to raise money to pay his taxes , his boasted property having so much depreciated in valua , as net to be worth one half the sum be paid for it Mr . B . Morgan purchased a plot of building land , on which he erected a house at a cost of seven hundred dollars ; he paid fer the plot , by instalments , 150 » dollars , which was half the purchase money . Dr . Foster , of whom he bad purchased tbe plot , agreed to accept the plot , the house , and tbe 1500 dollars paid , and free him from the remaining 1500 .
The plan of the city , extending along the shore of tbe lake and two miles to the westward , was sold in lots at such enormous prices as to involve most of the purchasers in ruin . In my absence , a Mr . Mawley , or Crawley , called and enquired for me at Mr . Anderson ' s . He had travelled over Iowa , Wisconsin , and Illinois , and had bought 1500 acres of land on Fox River , Illinois , and was much pleased with bis settlement . He had got fifty acres improved , and had come to dispose of bis wheat I was sorry I did not see him , as I might have obtained much valuable information . When in England he was secretary to a Chartist Association ; and hearing of me at Chicago , he had called on me as a Chartist
I was introduced to Mr . Durand , one of the refugee Canadian patriots , who is settled here as s lawyer . He told me many things respecting Mr . W . L . Mackenlie , with regard to his general good character and valour . He admitted that he bad an hasty temper , and was very jealous of lawyers . I bad considerable conversation with this gentleraan relative to Messrs . Hume and Roebnck ; and be seemed couvinced of the dangerous and destructive tendency of their Maltbusian principles , when I explained them to him . He , however , observed that if I called upon Mackenzie , and expressed my opinion in the same manner to him , a quarrel would most assuredly ensne ; and , in fact , I should not be safe in Lower Canada were I to give utterance to my sentiments .
Tuesday , 30 th . —I met with Mr . George Armorer , Scotchman , living at Otawa ; his brother , a baker , also resides at the same place . He informs me that the difference between that place and this is scarcely perceptible . They have plenty of coal at 5 oents . per bushel . He raises wheat , Indian corn , oats , and flax . Mr . Andersen told me that be saw tbe amount of 15 , 000 dollars "in paper" sold torl 6 a . This is banking with a vengeance ! I met with Mr . Bower , from Netherthong , near Huddersfleld . He had worked 21 years at a factory at Bridgpart , Connecticut , where he had saved some money , and was now in < juest of a suitable plot of land . His son bad gone on foot to Wisconsin , and be was going by steam to meet him at Racine . I intended to accompany him , but could not arrange to do so . HU family were residing at Poukiepsie , and lodging with an old friend of Soutbcollan-notoriety , formerly of Mould Green , Huddeiafield .
Mr . Hodgson drove me this evening over a wide extent of prairie , principally for tbe purpose of showing mo the superficial manner in which they construct their railways , one of which , intended to be carried to GaLE . va , is now lying dormant It had been begun with great spirit ; but "the panic" dried up the funds , and stayed its further progress . Wednesday , 31 st—The popalation ^ of this city ( Chicagoj is about G . 000 ; they are a mixture of Yankees , Irish , Scotch snd Eagiisb . One of tbe streets runs close to , and parallel with the river . Abcut 200 yards distant is the main street , running westward and parallel with tbe one before mentioned , which is intersected by others at regular distances , some of which are business streets . There are a few stores , but
more warehouses . The main street is mostly composed of stores , some professing to be wholesale . This street is about three quarters of a mile in length , and , as ia generally the case in America , very spacious . One portion of the city , on the north bank of tbe river , to which there are two draw bridges , is but indifferently paved , having stagnant water on the sides of the road . In consequence of its being on a level with the river and lake , no cellars are dug . At tbe extremity of the buildings , to the west , tbe river divides ; the south branch ouly extending about six miles , and is therefore called an outlet or Indian skonk creek . The north branch which is not navigable , extends forty miles in a
nurthwes > direction . It has no current , and wheu the wind is strong from tbe lake the water is blown backward and raised to a considerable height . The whole of the streets in the city , as also the prairie as for as the eye can reach , have frequently been under water . Five years ago the lake was five feet higher than usual , which caused the inhabitants to fee alarmed for the safety of their lives and their dwellings . The Indiana affirm that such rising of the water occurs every seventh year ; the people therefore fear its return . An opinion extensively prevails that the lake formerly emptied itself into tbe Illinois river , which opinion is strenghened by the marked course on the rocks as se ^ n at the tides and also by the surface of the land .
The building of this city was commenced about seven years ago . Ttn years since the Indians were ranged all round tbe burnt down "Fort Dearborn , " which was rebuilt , but is v now dismantled . Tbe water for the supply of tbe city is raised by a steam engine , from the Lake by pipes laid in an inclined plane to a considerable distance into tne Lake . It is conveyed into large wooden cisterns , and without filtering , or any other proctfl 3 , is conducted from the elevation ia wooden pipes to all parts of the city . This is under tbe management of a chartered eompany . Tbe lowest charge for
the smallest family is to ba ( when tbe works are com * pitted ) ten dollars , and niora according to the number of tbe family , Ac . Their mtde of bering the wooden pipes is most ingenious and expeditious . The logs are eight feet long , and by tbe same pow . r with which the water is raised , the bore is made , each one in tbe short space of three minutes . These pipes are not tapered , like ours , and let into each other at tbe ends , but are joined by an iron socket which is fixed with white lead , or other composition less expensive . They axe perfectly water-tight
Cultivation is little known here The citizens send their cattle to the prairie , when and -where they please , and they cut what tbey require wberb most suitable , no one asking them a question . Yet wish these advantages , milk is sold in summer at four cents , and in winter at six cents , per quart . The milk-men ride in handsome spring carts , and bring the milk along with them . Business is bere much better than in any place I have visited . The people are all well employed at good wages . The immense influx of " hosiers , " ( Indiana fawners ) and the " suckers , " ( Illinois farmers ) with their wheat and fruit , to this city , causes a great bustle and considerable trade .
It Is difficult to form an estimate of the number of farmers who come bere annually . I saw upwards of 300 in one day ; some of them as humbly clal aa many of the poorest labourers . They , however , live well on their own produce , and are the most independent people in toe world , having plenty , and to spare , of the good things of this life . { To be continued . J
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Dublin , Mat 12—In consequence of the excitement arising out of tbe recent Repeal display , or rather affray , at Clones . ithaa been deemed expedient to Btation a troop of the 3 rd Dragoon Guards , lately arrived from England , at Mx > naghan . Tbe Fermanagh paper also announces that on Wednesday a troop of the 12 th Lancers arrived at Enniskillen , and are quartered at th « Artillery barracks , where is is understood a troop will be permanently stationed . Government has placed them at Eumskiibn for the purpose of bo > t&iinng the police should any necessity arise out of the Repeal movement . It ia rumoured that artillery and a regiment will also be egm there , and when the importance of the pass between ine west and north is considered , the wonder i 3 that Enni-killen should ever haYe been left without a considerable force .
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HARMONY HALL . I . BXXEB X . TO THB EDITOR OF THE NOBTHKRN STAR . Sir—I have engaged In this letter to point out some of the substantive advantages that wonld be derived from the adoption of Mr . Owen ' s preliminary Charter , as the bask of a strongly united movement , and to endeavour to shew the ease with which it may be obtained . This is so large and extensive a subject aa to require a long 8 enea of letters to do anything like adequate justice to it ; bat as I am anxious to proceed to lay before your readers as early as possible , some of tbe succeeding practical steps , I shall content myself with a cursory survej at present , and will , with your permission , at some future period treat aore in detail .
1 . —National production employment for all who desire it , every one must readily admit , will relieve an immense mass of misery which now exiato ; and will do away with any necessity for further agitation for a repeal of the corn laws , or any other petty measures and stratagems , for providing food for the people , or for procuring customers for their manufactories , when we have the greatest abandance of land lying idle , or at the best very partially cultivated ; and have millions of people not only willing to be employed , but desirous of being better clothed and lodged , and also desirous of taking advantage of every discovery either in science
, mechanics , vt the fine arts . Again , with regard to ebtainine national employment , who can deny , or who , on calm consideration , would desire to deny tee right of employment to all who need it ? We have now to support all who live , and if ai fir » t they are awkward at occupation , they kave not previously been accustomed to , it will be easily seen that the mere habits of order , acquired by industry , will be immense advantages ; and if the labour be wisely divided , and made attractive instead of repulsive , who can estimate the wealth that would soon be produced by a good system of national employment
2 . —National unexcluslve snperior practical education for all who require it , is a measure of immense magnitude and importance , and wanted for every being in existence . Education , at least as hitherto conducted , has simply been the training of man for the developement of some small portion of his faculties to the neglect of all the others ; and the most learned , or the most skilled , are still very imperfect and irrational on most subjects . The education to which Mr . Owen refers can only be given under extensive and well combined arrangements with united interests , and will cultivate all the powers and faculties , physical , mental , moral , and practical of every individual . The exhibition of the effects of such an education , even in one moderate combination , will produce an entire change in the feelintrs and convictions of all who witness them ; and will prepare the way in the most rapid manner ; for tbe whole of the ulterior proceedings ; and whose interest will it be to oppose this ?
3—A graduated property tax , commencing with properties yielding an Income of not less than two hundred pounds a-year . This , aa the imposition of a burden , will for a time be resisted by some ; but calm consideration will soon shew them that tbeir own interests , their position in society , and tbe welfare of themselves , their families , and the class to which they belong , will render it prudent and desirable tbat thay should accede to this most just proposal ; supported as it will be not only by the millions of the operative classes ; but also by those who are now pressed and worn down by the Income Tax , which is a per centage on all properties large or small , or , however derivable , whilst this being only on accumulated property , and on a graduated scale in proportion to its extent , would be felt only by those to whom tbe relief of disposing of somo of their continually increasing surplus would be a great boon .
4—The abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies , few would object to ; whilst the advantages to be derived from it would be beyond all common estimate , and cannot be powerfully resisted . 5—Free trade in all things with all the world , will also supersede the necessity ef further agitation for the repeal of the Corn Laws , or any other euch puerile measures as now agitate the public mind , and will extend civilization and social intercoursa to an unheardof extend , and will be eagerly embraced by all parties when they can see tbe easy mode of obtaining it 6—Free egress and ingress to all natives and foreigners , except to foes in open hostility . Tbia is one of tbe just rights of humanity , that will make itself desired by all , and there will soon be no foes in open hostility to lose the advantages of it
7—Unrestricted liberty of speech , writing , and publication . This again is a right of man , irresistable by any opposition tbat can be offered to it ; when it shall be demanded in that calm , firm , and determined manner , which will shew that the parties have resolved on exercis i ng it properly . 8 and 9—The abandonment of the tbree fundamental errors on which society bos hitherto bt . eti based , and the adoption of the three opposite fundamental truths . This perhaps will be the most difficult to nsk to purform , but the progress tbat is now daily being made , i << a most sore indication of ultimate and even speedy success ; for never did the important advances to be derived from the adoption of true principles manifest themselves so rapidly to tho public mind .
10—The abandonment of foreign and alt artifichimade money , and the adoption of national-made money to represent the exact valuu of exchangeable wealth . This is a measure of the moat pressing necessity Vj allow of the free exercise of labour , and when clearly understood , as it soon may bo , will be eagarly sought for by every class and party . 11—The abandonment of th 9 practice of creating anything inferior , when it may be made superiot . Tho aunnal amount of loss incurred by creating inferior articles of every description , far exceeds what may be conceived possible by parties who havo not sufficiently investigated the subject ; and there ' will ba very little objection to a change in this respect being made , when a full explanation respecting tbe advantages to be derived from it shall have taken place .
12—The exchangeable value of all wealth to be decided by properly qualified officers , appointed by tbe nation , who will have no private interest te bias their judgment A step of this kind as preliminary to » sbociutioRg on principles of united interests may be most advantageously taken ; and , when clearly understood , will meet with scarcely any opposition . As I stated in tbe early part of this letter , I hope on some future occasion to enter more into detail respecting this Charter ; but I trust that what I have already
eaid will shew your readers that it contains immense practical advantages , and that these advantages will receive very little opposition from any great number of tbe population when tho subject shall become understood . Each point will however provide topics of immense importance for the missionaries and the press ; and it will be in proportion as a united and vigorous agitation can be made , and the subject thereby become clearly understood by the public , tbat its popularity will be apparent , and an irresistible public opinion will be formed that will carry all opposition before it .
In considering the manner in which this agitation ahoDld be carried forward , let us look at the best means of concentrating the power of the people , as I stated in h former letter , the reason why those who perform all the businas of society are in tneir present wretched condition , calling and appealiBg for aid and asistance to those who can only live from tbe amount of this wealth that tbey have already obtained , can only arm from their ignorance of fcow to combine and wisely direct the means tiiey possess . If we take the comparison of
numbers tbe sufferers have an immense ^ maj ority ; they have individually more physical strength ; and thty bring up among their ranks the most skilled and talented " persons who are gradually drawn off to join tbe ranks of tbeir oppressors through a false system of society being adopted . With the intelligence now possessed with respect to true first principles , a eingle mind fully competent to organise tbe strength and numbers of the people uppn them ) principles , may almost immediately be enabled to bring a power in Bction infinitely stronger than any law before witnessed .
I know tbat in arguing for an organization directed by a single mind , 1 am exciting prejudices of tbe most powerful character against the other observations I may make ; but this will be no hindrance to me . Tne subject is beyond all personal , class , sect , or party considerations , and must be grappled ' with in a manner proportionate to its magnitude . We can no longer halt between two opinions ; wo must either boldly advance , and meet every difficulty and overcome it , or we must gradually see our fellow-men sink deeper in poverty , vice , crime and misery , and speedily become involved ourselves in the same vortex , and ultimately overwhelmed .
Tbe increased powers of machinery , not in this country alone , but in every other , will daily increase the misery which exists , until some great change shall take place , and this change will either be one of coercion , or extended liberty , in proportion as tbe combined intelligence of man bball direct it . I have no fear of ultimate results ; for the light of truth is too widely diffused to fear its being again overshadowed by error , but there will be some most convulsive throes in the collisions that will take place , and these wiU be more or lefla disastrous in their effects , in proportion as the subject on which I have treated , shall be understood or otherwise .
At present I am awara the great body o ! tbe operative classes hold the opinion that committees and elected agents are toe best parties to advise what shall be dene for them but wita this opinion I shal ) have to oombat , and all I ask of your readers is a calm and patient survey of what I shall urge . Opposed aB I shall be at first by all the feelings which have been engendered by the oppression that the operative classes have hitherto received , if my opinions are erroneous they will soon acquire tlieir deserved insignificance aud may easily be overcome ; but if on the other band , the plans I shall lay down are correct , and 1 receive your permission to explain them freely t » tbe public , tbe examination tbey will receive will enabie them to bo well tested , and their truth or otherwise made manifest .
The time h . iB now arrived , as I have previously stated , when we must part with all « ur long cherished prejudices and feelings , provided thtse aro not in accordance with the scieucea of human nature and of society ; aud consequently , with thb three great fundamental truths , or principles , -which mus $ form , the basis ou which to organise such a society as the one I have referred to .
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To lessen aa much as possible any misconception tint may exist in the minds of those who reai these letters on the nature of the powers to be vested in the president and council of the society , I will in my next letter point out the kind of authority or power I would propose to vest them with . I am . Sir , Your obedient servant , Willum Qalpin . Harmony Hall , near Stockbridge , Hants , May 15 , 1843 .
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SYDNEY , NEW SOUTH WALES . TO THB EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . SIR , —We feel it a duty incumbent on ourselves as well as what we owe to onr countrymen , to address you in consequence of the scarcity of employment in New South Wales , for boot and shoe makers , and the insatiable demand some of tbe employers pretend to have for more men . One of tbe Immigration Committee has waited on one of out employers ( and only one * to ascertain the avenge rate of wages earned weekly by our trade , ( this
evidence was given before tbe Immigration committee on Wednesday , June 8 th , 1842 . and republished in the Sydney Herald , September 28 th , 1 S 42 , )—who most unjustly overrated the wages which a man can possibly earn should he be employed , and work hard sixteen hours every day in the week , which wonld not have been tbe result if other employers had been consultedthay would undoubtedly have acted in a more consoien tious manner , and not have endeavoured , by a false statement , to bring men who perhaps have wives and children , from their homes in Great Britain and Ireland , to be not half employed in New Sontb Wales .
Tbe above statement was doubtlessly thrown out as a bait te entrap our fellow tradesmen at home to Emigrate to this Colony , fer the express purpose of lowering the present rate of wager . There are now , Mr . Editor , too many boot and shoemakers hero , and we are sure tbat one-third of them are destitute of employment ; others have been obliged to leave Sydney and engage as shepherds , bullock drivers , or stock keepers . Surely , sir , such employment is repugnant , not only to the inclination , bnt to tbe ability of shoemakers , particularly as tbeir wages are very low , and the rations they receive not sufficient for their support , so that their wages are reduced to nothing by tbeir paying exorbitant prices to iheir employers , from whom they must purchase every article they want in addition to the rations allowed them . Surely , Mr E . iitor , tbi 9 does not appear like a demand for more shoemakers , particularly at a time when the market is glutted with English work .
Boots to the amount of £ 48 000 were imported to this colony alone last year . This any person musk be very well aware , would materially affect the journeymen and tbe trade in general . These facts we will leave to the careful consideration of our suffering fellow countrymen , and hope they may bnve tbe ( ' esirsfi effect of opening their eyes , that they may uot be kidnapped to leave their native homes under tho delusive hopes held out to them by the mercenary agents of the United Kingdom . Every emigrant to this colony , that leives his home and friends , to better his condition in life , under the impression that on his arrival in Sydney he will meet ample remuneration , will find himself disappointed ; for wh « n he cornea , he finds himself not half employed , provisions dear , and rents at the unparalleled rate tbey ara ; and if oat of employment for only a short time , he can s&vtcs ' . y recover bis losa by the most unremitting diligence . See the reports of insolvency , they will argue more than we have language to express .
The insertion of the above in your valuable journal , will greatly oblige , Sir , Yours very respectfully , The Operative Cordwainers of New South Wales , Signed on behalf , George Garton , President THOS . Wood , Secretary . Crown and Anchor Tavern , George-at ., Sydney , Jan . 1 st , 1843 .
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TO MR . JOHN LINTON . Sir , —As , in giving on account of your very interesting experiment upon your small plot of land , you have not gone sufficiently into detail , to enable ma , not in practice , to follow you with great clearness , will yon be kind enough to answer me tbe following questions , in order tbat I may more fully comprehend your adniirab ' fe system ? You say , " I bavo 4 , 021 squnre yards of land , divided into four parts , with crops aa fellows " : — No . 1 , —925 square yarjs , first cropJPotatoes , second crop Sweedish Turnips . No . 2— 923 square yards , fir it crop Cabbage , second crop Potatoes . No . 3 . —U 23 square yarda , first crop Cabbago , second crop Swedish Turnip ? .
First then , at what time and in whaf . manner do you plant the potatoes on No . I—and at who * time do you reap them so tbat they can be followed by a crop of SweedUh tutnipa ? Do you sow your turnips broad ( or open ) cast , or you (¦ Inil them ; or do you raise them in beds apart from th « lot and then transplant them ? If you transplant at what time do you sow your t > t * eil bid , and what breadth of ground does it occupy ? At what time do you sow the cabbage wed which is to form thr first crop for No . il ? At what time < lo you transplant thorn into tbe places where tbey are tu form the first crop of No . 2 ; and at what time do y « u reap tbvrn , so tuat they cau be followed by a crop of poUtotSB ?
Do you sow and transplant tbe cabbage-seed fur N ' o . 3 at the same time as that for No . 2 ? What tr . udth of ground do the plants , when pricked out for Noa . 3 and 3 occupy I What timu do > ou reap them so that tbey cau be followed by a crop of Swedish turnipn ? l ) j you treat your turnip sued ; be same an for No . 1 ? At what time do you reap the crops on Nos . 2 and 3 , so that you can throw tl > e land up in ridges in November ? And how do you proaervu tbe crop for use ? Is the twenty quarts of milk pt-r day for foity-dx weeks tin result of actual observation , or of estimate ? Does the forty-seven days' labour inolude all the mowing , digging , sowing , planting , transplanting , homing , getting in the crops , preparing tbe dally food of the cowa , milking , and cleaning after tbe cows ; in short , does it include the whole to be done both at land and cattle ?
If you will have the goodness to answer these questions in detail , and give any other little matter tbat strikes you us necessary to tbe carrying out tho experiment , you will oblige yours , truly , James Penny . Millbridge , May 15 , 1843 . P . S . Will you be kind enough to Bay In what manner you manure , and what kinds of cabbage and potatoes you plant ?
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC Persecuted vet Persevering Brethren , — Having by our uniteil energies passed tbrough tho fiery ordeal of prejudice and distorted c ' . os ^ - made laws , we appear to have arrived upon the eve of another crisis , when the commencement of a new era is about to open unto us with its new operations calculated to lead us by more easy means to tbe goal for which we have struggled , even the Charter and the people ' s laws . Our champion O'Connor hath lifted the broad curtain of the new stage , ytt old , the stage of nature , and displayed with a masterly hand the immense aovactagts within the reach of our united exertions , on the broad fields of our native land , where nature with her sun , her wind , and rain , faileth not to reward tbe hu .-baudnian for his toil a huudred-fold .
Come , brothers , with a strong faith in nature , and the powers Bhe hath invested us with , our skill and industry let us strive to paas the threshold of her temple , and return like loving children to the inviting bosom of our mother earth ; she is teeming still , her paps are full to oveiflowiog ; she sighetb for her children to fatten on her milk and honey . True we are poor , and the land of our fathers is held in a sterile state by a band of usurpers , invaders of tho natural rights of their more useful brethren , recreant children of a but too forbearing parent Ytt may we , by a imion of our order , the oppressed , and our wonted persoverance , pass the barriers they have erected , and once and for life become possessors of our native soil , and glad our last hours with the rich bequest of our happy inheritanee to our children .
Up , then ! Let us prepare to purchase and provide for our journey to this " land of promise . " I have proposed in my previous letters , a National Beueflt Society , as the most necessary for the attainment of our object , and the supplying our wants by the way . In my letter of last week , I stt forth how I proposed Co do this , as far as money matters and business operations are concerned , to which I again refer you . In continuation , I have , in providing for general adult instruction , proposed several kinds of meetings , —such as lectures , long and short addreeses , conversation meetings , classes for reading , writing , &c ; and for tbe expedition of business and instruction , 1 have proposed aevetal committees , for superintending tbe Btudies in grammar , arithmetic , writing , &c , & ; . Thaa we may train np our members fit for any office tbat the
Sooiety may require to bo filled . Under the head of business operations , the opening of warehouses or etores is provided for , for the purpose of supplying our members , and the public generally , with a good article , at a moderate price ; and increasing the funds of the Society . Therefore , ovary member would be interested in purchasing at the store ; to which there coald not porsibly be any objection , as the rate of profits , and tho election of oflicurs , ia placed in tbe hands of the body at large . In ttns department , we should be enabled to dispose of tba pro « iuoe of our land and workshops , at the retail price , instead of the wholesale , Tihich would add some 15 per cent , to the common stock , besides giviii « employment to members on the funda , or box , as porters , s-jrvurs , &c . for which another rula provides . Thus much of the plan I recomnunend , I have laid before you , with a view to
set you thinking tht-recn . ; belitvir . g that you Wili Indeed think v ; i ! h . me , that suob a plan ia necessary and practicable .
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Brothers , —I have provided and must ins ' - * > hat all offices should be filled upon the strictest princ pies of democracy ; by election , and ejection , by the votts © f the members . Now , although I admit tbe tkree j >; nciples set forlh by Mr . Oalpin in his letter e ^ hth , ar . d relieve their reception by the mind of man aa i . eceuary to the cultivation and maintenance of charity with a " . man , yet I mnst inform Mr . G . that we have a fuud , 'mental principle as necessary to the maintenance of oiuer , in any community or nation , Le . the democratic principle , government by the people , either personally or by representation ; the first ia what is termed a nimple
democracy , the latter a representative democrats ) , and I respectfully submit to our Social friend , that his proposition for tbe election of a president , and givinit him the power to chose tbe council , would be a violation of oar fundamental principle , under which the council should rather elect the preside : t than the president the council It would be more proper that the council and president , with all other ofSces , should be elcctcJ to their respective offices by the members in thair &everal localities . I am at a loss to discover wherefore tha Socialists should prefer beginning at the top of tbe tree and going downwards , whilst Datura ever begins ! . t the bottom aud directs her course upwards .
Upon the next question , i . e ., who should be the President , it is but natural that Mr . G . should , ns a Socialist , think the founder of tbe Social system , Mr . Owen , tbe most fitted to fill tbe office ; ami it is bnt reasonable that I should , aa a Chartist , think some peraon in our ranks more fit Further , it is but natural , as an aspirant to the name I have signed at the bottom of these letters , oat of a desire to emulate tha virtu- ¦ » of those Roman Tribunes , that I should give the preference to our Quintus Cincinnati , which name I should interpret , a lover of agriculture—a noble and modest m = n ; and infer , from a desire to emulate these virtues , tali Roman name was assumed by our indefatigable O C nnor , in recommendation of whom to tbe office of President of our new National Society I shall sljjrUy write , setting forth his excellencies . Mid capabilities of directing so great a movement For the present I r * far my , brethren to his letters , which prove he is a practical man , —one great point in recommendation .
The next point of disagreement between Mr . G . rid myself ia Mr . Owen ' s Charter . In letter eighth , Mr . Galpin sets for'h that the President ana Council should publish a manifesto or preliminary chatter , and get up an agitation , and petition the Legislature to pass it . Again , in letter nine , Mr . G . recomme&da Mr . Owei . ' s preliminary charter as the manifesto of the new Society , the road to which Charter I submit to you would be through the People ' s Charter , and tbat the agitation that would carry Mr . Owen ' s , would carry the more important measure of political rights , when the people would be enabled to pass and maintain any or all of the points of Mr . Owen's Charter tbat may be deemed necessary . Again , our new society would be able to carry tbe mast important part 9 into
effect , and would only require tbe People ' s Charter to enable them to preserve their new position from / e assaults of class legislation . Therefore , to nrgn jmi agitation for Mr . Owen ' s Charter before tbe Peupk- ' a Charter would be seeking to run tho people nfter t ! ie " herring's trail . " Indeed , this Preliminary Charter of the Rational System would serve better as an open qut jtion in the new society than as itB manifesto . Theininrlg of the working class aro not sufficiently weaned f / uai what in tbat Cnarter i 3 designated fundamental erro-s to be won to the whole of its clauses , and it will ta ' te much discussion even la the new society , ere tl . ; y will adopt it as a whole . However , time and \ ta teaching will do wonders , and to it we must leave the venerable Mr . Owen's principles . Bat Mr . Galpin has promised to show the advantages of Mr . Owen ' s Charter , after which I may again write tbereoa . In the meantime , let it not be thought that I , a jo . ing man , would disparage Mr , Owen . No , justice unri
modesty forbid it I believe be hath conferred aa everlasting benefit upon the world , in setting prominently forth opinions that to our priest-locked minds appear new , —opinions which he believes are true , and believing , hath a right to teach , and by teactic ;; hath set mankind thinking thereoD ; and if they aro true , not all th ? flendiebness of this worldly heli cau c ash them ; and the greater the rancour against the » i and him , the greater tbe honour when they shall b ¦ received . I need not remind Mr . Owen of tha mniv .-jr of Socrr . tes , and the worship of Socrates . In concision , brethren , let us not be among the persecutors of any man , for we have known wbat it is to ba persecuted ; and be ever mindful to thnnk any one who te-ichetb . us any truth , or doe to us any Rood , however we may differ with him ; let ns never forged to thank him for the good be dotth us , remembering that all tnaukiBd are brothers , and that it ia a crime to injure our fellow man .
Hoping , brothers , that I shall be enabled ia the course of these lotters to inspire you with n firm faith in yourselves as the ouly power of emancipation from tho present and increasing misery , a strong hope in th « means now set before you , a thorough t ' itumination to take advantage of all available munn * ¦ . «> gain tho objects we havn in view—universal happitu-is , I remain yours , in faith , Gkac < lies .
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^ MR . LANE FOX AND MR . O'CONNELL . LANE IOX , ESQ , M . P ., TO D . O ' CONNELL , E ?< J ., UP . Sin ' —In consequence of your declining to ome and f / fkepart j ; j the discauion which I propos-d to bring forward in tbe House of Commons , relative to the agitation you are now carrying on , for the purpose , as you say , of effecting a repeal of thn iu # < slative union between England and Ireland , I taku tiie liberty of writing to inform you , that , aa you an '* your followers so completely set at nought the Cuhoiic Emancipation AC , by virtue of which you are ei » tied to sit in tbo British Parliament , and so lleht'y * iteem tha privileges granted to you by tbat act , thai J » etl justified In making a motion that the act be rep alec !; and
as I am going to question the wisdom of : ii >» : measure , 1 shall be glad if you will favour me with . line to saj if you , will come and do your part in defer s , as the ; supposed , the settlement of & great rotation , bnt tbey shall know tbat it was ex tctly the iv » . » rse—that it was the unsettling of a great question , v > t \ u-h had been in progress of settlement from the first "entuiy of the Christian era till the revolution of K'Sb You are now justifying your agitation byca > in ? that England baa done nothing for Ireland . If the < hree estates of
the realm , forfeiting all claim to freedom by refusing to contend for that truth , by contending for which they were alone entitled to the liberty they ° r . joyed—if you say that making such tremendous s i- . cr ; dcea to you and Ireland's clamour is doing nothing ior Ireland , yon must be a cormorant with a vfcugtance ; it is truth tbat is ultimately to make men and nation * f .- ^ e . Truth is in England , not in Rome . You are by your restless proceedings bringing on a religious war between England and Rsme , and you appear to he perfectly sensible how much money and funds are the sinuwa of war ; but you have hitherto bad the ingenuity to accumulate a great deal of sinew without committing any actual war . Your ' peaceable agitation is a sort of hermaphrodite
war ; a half and half state of things , which is half peace and half war ; but if you v . ill come and hear what I have to say , I think tbat I can show you why you ought to do one thing er the other ; yen cannot hide from me that religion is : he wain spring of all tbat you are deing . My chief oVj-jct in writing to you ia to say , that I mast make pert ual allusions to yon and tbe head of your cLurch ; nut although yon might say that I was perfectly at libs : ' . y 'o say wbat I pleased about you in your absence , I ba <; r : ther not do so . But surely -the 'regenerator of bokl i nd chivalrous Ireland will not shrink from coming to
which we live , that we are on he eve of a new era ia the history of England and Ireland , I shall take the liberty of making this letter public , that the Protestants of both countries may be prei > ired to stand by the assured truth , tbat Protestant ascendancy and no snrrendiris the law of Christ , and rtint England is the power which God has called into existence to maintain religious principle ; and she will now do her duty . " Then will the earth be f . i . l f the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea , " and a Papist will be a . raro avis in lerris . I have to * - honour to be , Sir , Your obedient servant , S . L . FOX . 3 , St . James'a-square , May 10 .
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A Welsh Witness . — -The attorney for an opposing creditor in a bankruptcy case , on Thursday , before Mr . Commissioner Stevenson , thinking that a youth v . om he was about to examine had rehearsed hit part with the bankrupt prior to entering the court , put the question usually propounded wheu suspicion- oi that sort arise : — " Well , my man , have yon not a- cr . the bankrupt Bince the las ; meeting 1 ' " Yes , I L . a < -, " was the teady answer , •' Well , bir , ( and be .: mious how you answer tbe Question ) , on your oa'h what did he say to you V " On my oath , to iaid thit I should find the oommisaicmeT a m \\ $ eenUcrnaaly man . "—BrwfeJ Mirror . ' " ~ .
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^ ^_^ _ THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
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The following fs t e rep ! y of Mr . O'Connell to the above . —The Dublin Pilot < j ( Saturday publishes the following " cara , " hems th »; ^ r . iy reply vouchsafed by Mr . O'Connell to tbe iettet addressed through tbe Times newspaper to the Hon . and Learned Gentleman by Mr . Lane Fox : — " Mr . O'Connell ha * read in the Times a letter addressed to him by Mr . Line Fox , a copy ot which that unhappy gentleman i : ns taken the trouble of sending to Mr . O'Conue !! in ma- u cript , after he had printed the
original in the newsj-pers . Of course it will not be expected that 21 r . O Connell should say one word in reply to tbat s ' . ra v « : ind maniacal epistle , bnt he feels that , as a gentleman and a Christian , he ia bound earnestly to inipli re the friends of Mr . Lane Fox to obtain for him ib « . t protection which the Court in matters of lunacy is « uab ! ed to give the persons who , Uka Mr . Lane Fox a ^ manifestly Incompetent to the manage ' rneiit of ff . ;^ , either public or private . —Merrlon-Bquaru , May 12 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct803/page/7/
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