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tfstmgp # 3©^^T<r*rtic £ni*Ht£*ttte. 4 ___ THE NORTHERN STAR. i __ ^
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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1843.
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PORTRAIT OF W. P. EOBERTS, ESQ.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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Mr . O'COJTSOB has received communications from many districts in all of which a vtry great desire is expressed to have a portrait of Mr . Roberta , the people ' s Attorney-General We cannot wonder that a strong wish should be entertained to possess a Likeness of so truly amiable , talented , and true a man ; and although we know that Mr . O'Connor had determined to givt no more Portraits , yet we have the pleasure to announce that all Subscribers for Three Months , from Saturday , the 16 th of Sept ., ¦ will receive A PORTRAIT OF W . P . ROBERTS . THE PEOPLE S ATTORNEY-
Tfstmgp # 3©^^T≪R*Rtic £Ni*Ht£*Ttte. 4 ___ The Northern Star. I __ ^
tfstmgp # 3 ©^^ T < r * rtic £ ni * Ht £ * ttte . 4 ___ THE NORTHERN STAR . i __ ^
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HIlITkRy REVOLT AT MADRID . ! Ifte Po ^ is MoBilatr , ol Monday , publishes tb * lollowirj ^ itiegraphic desp&txii : — " SaTOHSE , SEPI . 3 = ~ In tha night or the £ 9 th to U » -SDIb .-a battalion cJ the Hsglmenfc del Principe re-Tolted at Madrid . T 6 . B men demanded their discharge , -triich had been promised to them . Thist » ttalioii was Immediately daarajed . Five sergeants , two corporals , « od one private trete shot on the morning of the 30 th , in presence of 1-he garrison , *» hJdi appeared to be de-Toted to tho ffioTenunent . The Qseea and Infanta wtarflfca to Madrid ob V& erening < af the 30 th- Tfeey " «> sr& received -with the -wannest enthusiasm- 2 a * drid . was peifeefly
tranche Ssdrid Gazette of 'fee 2881 ultimo contains n decree < jf the Minister of tbe Interior , prescribing that bs * ooc * s thB electrons for lie < 3 « tes shall have been frntnir ^ f ** , all the provinosl deputations shall ha re-Taewed , and enter on their fssctionsite first of Novettlieniext This decree had created considerable sensatinirt , t Madrid , as It was considered a violation of the «« sStution .
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SPORTS CONCERNING DISTURBANCES IN ITALY . Rome , A = oe . ' 20 th . The discovery of some revolutionary plots men--tioned according t » report in my last hare Eince leceived some further-confirmation . The-police are ¦ very zsalonsly eegaged in pursuit of the accused , whose number is said -to be very great . "The most extraordinary circumstance is , that some men of respectability and eminence in this and the neighbouring states are cadersiood to he eogaged in this absurd enterprise . Several el the conspirators have already taken refoge in ffight , and hare for the present escaped legal rorrsait . —Frankfort Taper .
Con * & , Are . 25 : h . By priTste aooounts from Bologna , we have reeeived information to the following effect : —A conspiracy , "whichhaaTamifications throngh Middle and I / Ower Italy , has "at last come to the point of an ont-T > re&fe . Bnt even here the just-opening political "news have already degenerated into common briganflage . Prom 500 to 600 men , according to some accounts many more ^ chiefly political fugitives , smugglers , and Faechini , after their attempt to take JJologna by surprise was discovered and frustrated , returned to the hills above Savigao and Bazzano . The original leaders of the movement , among whom 3 b line young Mareheae Tanara , a Couni Zambeeceri , and a Piedmontese ex-officer , named Meiarc , have effected their-escape . . Now , the persons at the head of ihe insurrection are one Lambertini from Bologna , two brothers Muratori from Bszzano ( one of whom ia a physician- ) a corn-dealer from Bazzano , and a man who was formerly a gendarme , from- Bologna .
A captain of gendarmerie , who endeavoured to jrarsue theinsurgents with a corps of gendarmes and volunteers , had been assassinated . The Government treasury , on which designs were entertained , has been eonveyed to the palace of the Cardinal , whtre also the Commander of the Second Foreign Regiment , Count Sals 33 gers , has his head -quarters . Before * he . Pal * oe-twa pieces of artillery are stationed , and a company of -Grenadiers mounts guard . All the officers of the garrison are quartered in the barracks . On the 15 * h and 16 th three companies , and on the
18 ih a detachment of 40 men , wexe sent against the insurgents . These troops axe posted at Bergaito , and the Papal national troops at Bazzano . Captain Cavanna , of the Gendarmes , has the chief command . £ The ARgeneinc ZeUung of the 28 th slates that "fee above account ' -was inserted in that paper of the 27 th , after several thousand copies had been printed . It was , therefore , republifched on the 28 th- ; bat it is observed that none of the facts are mentioned in the Milan * nd other Italian papers ¦ which had been received to the 24 th last . } Leghobs , At-6 . 22 ad .
By Bologna letters of the 15 th we learn , 4 hat the Swiss Cstrabtniers sent against thedisorferly persons of this province who have taken to the field , have already had Bome skirmishes , bnt of little importance , with the rioters . However , the action which look-place en the ISA on the declivity rear Savigno , had a result somewhat more serions ; for the measures adopted in die beginning of the month were renewed » t Bologna , whither the troops which had beea sent to Perrara and Romagna were recalled . The jGorernment has pnblished nothing , irot the following is the report of the affair circulated in the « ty : —
** About forty of fifty insurgents , who had Bjade their appearance Bear Casdeehio , advanced on the ISA along Ihe heights as far as Savigno , where they surprised a detachment of iwenty Carabiniers , corn-Banded by Captain Castelvetri , and also some Pon-. iificial Tolnnteers . Someshots beiDg exchanged , the eaptaia and four of his men were killed ; the rest iied , leaving their ammunition , arms , and horses in the hands of the insurgents . The party then ad--ranced into the district , and it is said killed the Beeretary , who was at the head of the Poniificial i Tohmteers / and also twoTolunleers who were bearers © f ^ espaiebes . 1
M lt seems other armed parties hare appeared abont Vergato and "Barcano . The fact i 3 that since tiie 16 th , troops have daily been marched against the rebels from Bologna . Of the forces sent out , 400 are Swiss , 200 Carabiniers , 100 Tolnnteers , and 200 are Pevenne Guards , who are habituated to ex- ' cordons in the mountains . The movements of the j troops are Tery slowly made , because the great ohject is to surround the insurgents and make them surrender prisoners at discretion . " j
The British Packet , a Buenoa Ayres paper , of the ! 1 st of July has arrived , according to which the 1 m- j perial troops , nnder Baron de Caxias , hare gained a I Ticiory in Rio Grand , and wholly pnt to flight the rebels with tbeir leaders , Canovarro and Nieto , ¦ which , it is said , -will much inconvenience Rivera and his supporters , since they had hoped to supply themselves withfm ) ds to earry on the war by the , raising 500 , 000 dollars on the mortgage of the Cus- j torn-house duties for 1844 . It is also aiserted that i so closely pressed is the Montevidean President for 1 money te furnish his troops with necessary equip- ; aeni and provisions , as to hare effected a sale of the ' Government-houae for 80 , 000 dollars 5 but these , statements of course must be received with all due \
allowance for the exaggeration the conductors of the press of South America indulge in , especially when Tival interests are concerned and an opponent is sought to he crashed . This same paper alleges a serions fracas to have occurred between Senor Regis , of the Brazilian Xegation , and an Italian named Gerabaldi , ¦ wherein the former , not having received the satisfaction he considered due to his post on application to the authorities , had withdrawn hi 3 snpport by retiring on board the BraElian squadron outside the roadstead , till he had communicated with his Government on the subject of the insult . Garabaldi is said to be a person of bad character , and Ihe refusal of Senor Regis to meet him , in explanation of some aspersions respecting his career of life , appears to be the origin of this diplomatic insult , the Montevidean Government , when called upoa 10
interfere , treating the matter more a 3 a private aispute than one in which they onghfc of&eially to ex-« reise their power . Altogether this story deserves little notice beyond being adduced as another of the attempts on the part of Rosas and his adherents to excite foreign powers against Rivera and his followers . At the date of this paper there were 121 vessels in port , of which thiny-two were British , and eleven American . Exchange on England was at the » te of 3 d . per paper dollar . By this opportunity Talparaiso accounts to the 18 th of May have been received . Pern , it is stated , continued disturbed , bus Chai was tranquil . Sales of grey calicoes and KhiniBgs had been tffecled , although stocks generally were very heaTy . American grey cloths , twentyeight inch , had sold at S | cents , per yard , in bond . Treight was £ 2 10 a . to £ 3 j and the exchange 45 dollars to 46 dollars .
l ? ew Zealand papers toflie 27 th of April have also ; eome to hand . The Neu > Zealand Gazette and Wei- j Sngion Spectator gives a long account of the flourish- J ing condition of Port Nicholson , bnt th " e articlBis foanded on materials so frail that the prosperity i Coasted -will not bear investigation . Wages for mechanics are averaged at from £ 2 to £ 3 per week , and for labcurers ; £ 1 10 s . to £ 1 16 a . but provisions < are enonneusly dear , were these rates in reality P « d . Bnt this , unfortunately , is not the case . When i the work is to be performed , there is great difficulty in \ obtaining it even when much reduced UrmB are agreed for .
. Th * P * tssi * 5 Finance Minister ^ M . Bodelsch- ' " » Jng , has just published certain fiaancial returns . ' According to them , 11 . 644 vessek enured Prussian ^ portsin 1812 , of which 6 . 354 wereforeign , and 5 . 310 , iTussiaau The Prussian vesels were of 469 000 lasts , the fomEn shipping bnt of 393 , 000 . The popn-J *™™ ofth-eProsaan monarchy is declared to be ' 15 , 300 , 000 _ souls . It appears that Holland is aboa to yield on tee great qaestioa of the free navigation of Ihe Rhiae—Frankfort Journal . Hasdter , Aug . 27 . —Our harvest , which is partly got In , is most abundant , and all other productions promise to yield great crops , thongh they w ^ l be jnnch laier than usoaL On this account the magisfrates in seTeral districts have already resolved that , to secure the crops from injury , the commencement < of the shooting season ( which should be on th ' e 1 st of 'September ) shall be deferred till further notice , ao-^ cordihg to tdrcomstances .
~ Baitic Tbadx—EisaoBE . —The number of ships that passed the Sound in July was—From the Hortb Sea , 880 ; from ihe Baltic , 1 ^ 08 ; total 2088 "The EngMsh ships were- ^ Prom the North "Sea ; 204 jfrdiu the Baltic , 237 ; total , 441 . —Hamburgh paper * , &pt . l , JSpaet . —P ^ iBis , Ssrx . 3 . —The Delate has telegra-¦ pbia news from Bartelon * of the 59 ih . Great c ^ sqBifiina ' e prewled . Rioters had pulled down the elesteral lists from the doors « f ihe provincial dtepnJstioo . J ? o owpi i » d ardyed aod this in-4 rs * $ ed the Mit » tioir ,
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Thb East . —The Levant mail has brought Con-Staniinople letters « f the 17 th . The Porte seemed inclined to pursusun anti-Christian course of policy . The massacre of the Kestorians had caused great sensation . 122 it Pacha had been ' appointed to inquire into the disturbances of Bosnia . Accounts from ErzsNHwa were aot satisfactory . Negotiations were suBpeaded , and the Persians colfecting troops . The plague had made its appearance . We tb&ve received a private letter from our correspondent at Constantinople , dated the 17 th ult ., at which period considerable aaxiety prevailed in that'city in consequence of a demand made by the Russian Minister to the Porte for permission to merch a corps d" armie of " 28 , 000 men to the Servian frontier , to enforce the entire fulfilment of the
condir'tions imposed by the Emperor on the Servians . At !^* iat period , however , the result of the great meeting i-of the Servian proprietors which was held at Krq-Ijavatzon theStholt . was not known at Constanti-\ nople , nor the consequent departure from the ; Servian territory of Wuscitsch and Petroniewitsch , j which puts an end to all difficulties on the Eubject . ) The Zurich Gazelle of the 31 st ult ., contains the { following : — " Civil war has broken out . Dr . Barj man left this morning with a mission from the Goj vernment . Last evening , the patriots of St . Gin-I gulph , De Voury , and De Montey , entered thia i place ; they are commanded by M . Toris . Refresh-I ments were -served to them in the Abbey , where I they passed the night . Thby sang patriotic airs . i This morning they left , taking with them two pieces ' of artillery , "
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- ; Several Farms in the couBty of Cork are ont of ; lease by the death of Mr . James Healy , of Newmarket . I Lorb STTakt de Kothesat is about to retire i from his embassy at St . Petersburg !] . His Lordship ; has , for Bome tame ^ ack , been labouring under physical I indisposition , and the arduous duties of an embassy j growing daily more important and delicate , will soon be j aa overmatch tor bis increasing infirmities . i Loss -of the Queen Sieam-Packet . —Intelligence . reached Dublin on Monday aftemosn of the wreck of ' the steam-vessel the Queen , Captain Gardner , trading between that port and Bristol . She sailed from Bristol 1 forBablin on Friday morning , and itwaa on her course i thither that she was lost . The crew , with the exception 1 of one maa , were saved , but the cargo was lost .
PiRLlAMESTART Returks—As a proof the enor-I znous and unnecessary expense to which the country is ; yearly put by members of Parliament moving for re-! tarns , it may be stated that daring the last session one I return connected with one of the metropolitan prisons , moved for in tha House of Commons occupied three ' clerks upwards of thirty days , and contained , amongst ' other particulars , upwards of 13 , 000 names . It was also so -weighty that it was almost more than a man conld carry , and tba-printing of it cost about £ 2000 . — Times . 1 Ihb Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have ' issued orders that from henceforward the Madeira , West Indian , Mexican , and Mediterranean mails , we to I be embarked and landed at Southampton , instead of at : Pdlmonth , by which tie steam-ships will be allowed i to proceed direct to their destinations , and the delays I taat have hitherto occurred will be avoided . —Standard .
Dreadful Attempt to Mttrder on Saffron Hill During the whole of Wednesday morning , in the neighbourhood of Saffron Hill , much excitement prevailed , in consequence of a rumour prevailing that an Italian , whose Christian name is Dominic , and who is a vendor of images , had been murdered by a countryman , "who gave the name of Raymond Lticade , follow ing the same trade . It appears that the two men , the previous day , toek lodgings at No . 6 , Saffron-hill , ocenpied by a general dealer of the name of Short . In the evening they went to the King's Head , Lsatherlane , where a raffia was to take place . Some words arose there about the numbers thrown by each with the dice . On reaching home the dispute was renewed between the two men , which eventually ended in &
pugilistic conflict , in the coarse of which each grasped the other by the throat Words passed to the effect that one-would choke the other , when the man in custody replied , that he would sot be choked , upon making use of wfeich expression , he staVbed his opponent in the side . He was not released before be received five severe ¦ wounds , one in the abdomen , one on each side of the chest , and two others . He was taken soon after by three men to St . Bartholomew ^ Hospital On Wednesday morning policeman Onslow , G 110 . went to the house in Saffton-hill , and entered -the room -where the frightful act was perpetrated , the floor of which was
covered with blood . He searched for the prisoner , and at length discovered him on the roof of the boose , when he was conveyed to the Clerkenwell Station * house , in the Bagnigge ^ wells-road . The instrument with which the wounds were inflicted is supposed to have been a dasp-lnifa . On inquiry at the hospital It ¦ was ascertained there were scarcely any hopes ef the man ' s recovery . It is also said that there was a little jealousy existing oa the part of the man in custody . The murderer and the murdered were partners in imagemoulding and vendiug ; and the instrument of slaughter was the sharp-pointed knife used to scrape the mould-closings from the figures .
The Northern Star Saturday, September 9, 1843.
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 9 , 1843 .
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DOINGS OF THE CONFERENCE . Bt the time this reaches the hands of the readers in all probability the labours of this body will have ended : and , if they end as they have begun , they will result in the adoption and promulgation of a plan of Organization , which will b e safe and effective . The best spirit is manifested ; and an aptitude for business , and earnestness of attention to the great object to be accomplished , most cheering to all who witness it . It is , in itself , a proof of the public mind . There iB no " vapour "; no " loud boasting" ; no acrimony ; no division : bul nnion and peace predominates .
We must refer to the Report of proceedings " for what has been done . The nature of those pro ceedings will not admit of long description . There are no M speeches " : it is business that the Conference have fairly set themselves to perform . That business the Delegates carefully , and systematically , and thoughtfully , -undertake . The result will be exhibited in the pian agreed , upon ; and which plan we will publish in full next week .
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MR . BAINES'S REMEDY . "OUR LAST AND ONLY RESOURCE-THE LAND . " Last week , we entered , at great length , into an examination of " Oua present position , " both at home and abroad ; more especially as to the relation in which we stand with other states , as a manufacturing nation , in the markets of the world . We then adduced evidence conclusive , that our day of " Monopoly" has gone i that other nations , and particularly America , have begun to manufacture for themselves % that they have not only closed their hoke markets against us , bat that they have followed us into neutral markets , and successfully competed with us j and that they have even broaght their goods into our market , and undersold us at
home J These facts are pregnant with important consequences . They proclaim , in langnage impossible to be misunderstood , that our " monopoly" of manufacturing is ended ; that we can no longer lt command the markets of the world "; that to hope to continue the employment of great masses of our population in the production of clothing for those
; who have determined to produce clothing for them-I selves , is Benseless iD the extreme ; and that it is certain , if we would avert irretrievable rtju » , we ; must give a new direction to national energy , so as j to enable us to produce enongh of the first neces-; saries of life for ourselves , taking care so to distribute I them , that each one shall have his fair and legitimate ; share .
Rsbert Htdb Greg has most conclusively shewn that America 13 certain to become the seat of the u great bulk" of the cotton manufacture . This he establishes from ( tea indisputable . He shows , that
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with inferior machinery , she is now even able to produce for Bd ., with a profit to the manufacturer , what we cannot produce for loss than 9 H . or 9 £ d , without profit at all ! He fihovra that she has already taken from us the *• great bulk" of the China market ; and that she . must take from us all the other markets which have hitherto had to depend exclusively upon us for their supply . Nay , he shews , that , now that we have determined to throw our machine market open to the world ; , now , that we have invited every nation to become possessed of the means to successfully compete with us ; now , that we hive generously given up the one sole only-remaining advantage we had ; Mr . Greg shows , that now that we have done this , " America will supply England with the great bulk of her cotlon fabrics "; and that " the cotton
MANUFACTURE MUST FINALLY REST WITH THEM . " Now thiB is no light question . The " cotton manufacture" is a most tremendous item in tho general account of our manufactures . There is an immense amount of capital involved in it ; aad hundreds of thousands of our population are daily dependent en it for the means of existence . It is therefore of moment-to us to look this question fully in the face ; and be prepared in time to meet the difficulty , before we are overwhelmed in the RUIN which it will bring in its train .
The Morning Chronicle has shewn that not only are the Americana becoming formidable rivals to us in manufactures , but that " all the great states ef the Continent of Europe aro erecting for themselves , respectively , a manufacturing interest , that threatens ere long to render them completely independent of our skill and industry , * ' That "the states of the Northern Continent are also lessening their dependence upon us , by extending their manufactures , and
hampering our trade with increasing prohibitions . " That " our fast waning treaty with Brazil is giving ominous warning of the precarious position ia which stands our traffic with the South . " That " from the Guadalquiver to the Nora we are met by one unbroken line of hostile tariffs . " That " what the Milan and Berlin decrees were unable to effect , is novf accomplished by the spinning jennies of Germany . " That " our extensive woollen trade wit-h Russia is
all but annihilated . ' That " England , at one time } furnished Russia with her cottons ; but that Russia now manufactures for her osvn necessities . " And that " every thing ' bids fair to be soon the next thing to a commercial non-intercourse . " !! ! These positions of tho Morning Chronicle , we strengthened by other evidence , showing that during ihe present year America has exported to China 15 , 000 , 000 yards of cotton goods ; while we , the GREAT cotton manufacturers , have only exported 12 , 000 , 000 : the American excess over us being onefourth of our entire trade in that particular ! And
U is now our intention to supply other and more conclusive evidence in support of the same positions-Before we enter into particulars , we must first premise that America has not confined her attention to the Cotton Manufacture . She has entered the lists of competition with us ia other Manufactures . She produces wool ; and she manufactures woollen goods . She produces iron ; and she manufactures cutlery . She propagates the silk-worm ; and she manufactures silk . She cultivates flax ; and she manufactures linen . She is therefore rendering herself independent of us in all of these branches of our Manufactures !
The consequence is , that America is regularly ceasing to tako goods from us . She is supplying her own necessities ia many cases ; and in others she is following us over the world , and driving us even out of oxa . own home market ! That this is the case will bo proved by the following return , lately laid before Parliament , on the motion of Mr . Thornkley , which shews an alarming decline , not confined to a few , but extending to all , articles of export , with the single exception of tin and tinned plates . The gross amount of exports to America in 1842 was less by more than one-half of ihe average annual exports of the nine preceding years ! 1
Here is the proof . The aveTage yearly exports from 1833 to 1841 , both years inclusive , were £ 7 , 800 , 000 ; while those for 1842 were not more than £ 3 , 528 , 807 So that here is more than one-halj of " our Foreign Trade" to the best market we had entirely gone ! The following shews the total exports of British prodnce to th © United States , in five successive years : — 1838 £ 7 . 585 700 1839 8 . 839 . 204 1840 5283 , 020 1841 7 . 098 . 18 l 2 3 , 528 , 807
Is it posfible for fact to be more clearly Btated ? Well might the Chronicle exclaim , " our hold upon America seems daily relaxing" I When we examine the details of the above gross return , we find that every branch of our commerce with the United States has declined ; and the falljDg-eff has been proportionately greatest in those of most importance . To show this we shall give
the particulars of exports , for five years , of the chief articles of British manufacture . The exports of cotton manufactures , including cotton yarn , were as fellow : — 1838 £ 1 , 476 , 2 B 7 1839 1 , 467 « 82 1840 1 , 123 . 439 1841 .-., 1 , 515 933 1842 487 , 276
Thus the exports of 1842 were little more than one-fourth of the value of those of 1841 . The exports of other articles stand thus : —
HARDWARES AND CUTLERY . 1838 £ 561 , 704 1839 849 , 640 1840 334 . 065 1841 584 . 400 1842 « 298 , 881 KOS AND STEEL , WROUGHT AND UN WROUGHT 1838 £ 634 , 395 1839 801 . 198 1840 355 , 534 1841 626 , 532 1842 394 . 854
LINEN MANUFACTURES , INCLUDING LINEN TASKS 1838 ~ £ 944 , 589 1839 1 / J 68823 1840 976 , 247 1841 1 , 232 , 247 18 42 463 , 645 SILK MANOFACTURES . 18 S 8 £ 348 506 1839 410 , 093 1840 274 , 159 1841 306 J 57 1842 81 . 243
WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES , INCLUDING WOOLLEN TAEN . 1838 £ 1 , 887 . 177 1839 2 , 1 / 8 . 645 1840 1 , 077 « 28 1841 1 , 849 . 326 1842 892 , 835 Ie not there food for thought there \ Look at the
details . See how the entire is affected . Hardwares and cuilery in 1842 little more than onefourth the amount of 1839 . Iron and steel ia 1842 about one-half the amount of 1838 . Linen manufactures in 1842 about one-third the amount of 1839 . Silk manufactures in 1842 aboat one fifth the amount of 1839 ; and woollen manufactures about onethird ! Is not " our hold upon America daily relaxing ' ?
The imports from the United States into this country show a very different result . The import of bark has incraased between 1833 and 1842 , from 18 , 459 owta to 27 , 648 cwta . ; that of salted beef from 899 cwta . to 7 , 02 t cwte . ; that of butter from 1 cwt . to 3 . 769 cwts . ; that of cheese from 9 cwta . to 14 , 097 . ; that 0 ! wheat from nothing to 16 . 111 quarters ; that of wheaten flour from 35 , 659 cwta . to 381 , 066 cwts ; that of hams from
72 cwts . to 1 , 133 cwts . ; that of lard from nothing to 28 , 555 cwts . ; that of pork from 1 , 352 cwts . to 13 , 408 cwts . ; that of rice from 24 , 114 quarters to 40 , 450 quarters ; that of elover seed from 350 cwta . to 22 , 632 cwts . that of tobacco from 20 , 748 317 lbs . to 38 , 618 , 012 lbs .: that of cotton wool from 237 , 506 , 758 lb » . to 414 , 030 , 779 lbs . ; that of turpentine from 322 , 486 cwts , bo 408 , 330 cwts . ; and that of sheep ' s wool from 384 , 678 lbs . to 561 , 028 lbs .
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The " balance , of trade" is turning against thia country in a manner which makes it doubtful whether we ehall not have to pay for the raw cotton we need from America in specie instead of goods . Then of what advantage to U 9 will our " foreign trade" be ? Manufacturea , then , are failing . Nay , the Chronicle , the organ of the Great manufacturers , admit that they have failed . To dream , therefore , of confining our attention to them almost exclusively , as a means of employment for our population , is madness indeed .
What is to be done ? The evil is certainly coming upon us : how is it to be averted ? How is employment , remunerative employment , to be feund ? Are we to be bound fast , hand and foot , to the spinning wheel , to the loom and the jenny , and be compelled to run a loBing race on the course of free competition , with those who are becoming iniepende nt of us , and who therefore snap their fingers at us ? Are there no other means of employment ? Is there no remedy for the great evils we at present endure , and for the greater with which we are threatened ? Or are we doomed to " National Extinction from distress and tuin" ?
God be praised , there ib still a way out ! That way Mr . Baiwes , of the Leeds Mercury , has distinctly chalked out . He had anticipated this day : and ho has prescribed a besjedy , an unfailing remedy , for the manifold evils we are doomed to experience . In the year 1819 there were loud cries of distress ^ " The sudden transition from war to peace , " according to some " profound political economists , " brought on bankruptcy , insolvency , dearth of employment , and consequent starvation . It is true that others attributed these tlfeots to the attempt to resume cash payments with an amount of taxation fixed in a depreciated currency . But no matter what was the cause . That we shall not here inquire into . It is only with tho fact of their existence that we have at present to do . Tho cause of their existence , and of their non-existence , we will discuss some other time .
In that year , then , great distress prevailed . This indaced Mr . Baines , along with Bome other kfnd gentlemen of Leeds , to devote their atteation to the matter , with a view of applying an efficient remedy . They were appointed a Committee by the Overseers of tho Poor in Leeds , for tho purpose of—1 . Inquiring into the causes of the increase of Pauperism ; 2 . Whether the existing evil , as to its causes , bo of a complexion merely temporary , and may be supposed soon to right itself ; and 3 . Whether it may not be prudent , in case the causes that induce the evil be permanent , to inquire INTO THE BEST MEANS OP FINDING SOME PRODUCTIVE SOURCE OF LABOUR FOR THE UNEMPLOYED POOR .
As such Committee , they deeply investigated the whole question . They laboured well and hardly . They sought for information from all sources ; and they ultimately reported , that " the soil , the earth , is our last , our only resource" ! That Report is now more valuable than ever . The causes of tho distress then existing have been found to be permanent in their nature . They still exist ; they are siili unremoved ; and the " distress " 18 greater , and more widely extended . Tho remedy , therefore , is more greatly needed . Here it is : embodied by Mr . Baines in the shape of a Report : — We , your committee , have paid all possible attention to the above charge , and now beg leave to report the result of bur inquiries as far as we have been able to proceed .
Upon tho first inquiry , yonr committee presume that a variety of causes contribute at the present moment to the increase of pauperism , a few of which we will enumerate ; and we would add , that we shall deem it our duty to confine our observations to such as more immediately affect the township of Leeds . < 1 . The application of machinery , with complete success , in tae dressing of woollen cloths , has been the means of displacing a . considerable number of hands from 'the employ by which they have long pr » vided for themselves and families . 2 . The worsted trade : not long ago the yarns were all spun by band , and are now nearly wholly spun by machinery .
3 . Flax was , not many years ago , spun by women principally , upon the hand-wheel ; but it is now also all , or nearly all , spun by machinery ; and very lately the dressing of the Sax by machinery has arrived at such a state of perfection , as to preclude every hope that the displaced men can ever again find employ by the manual labour , which has formerly yielded them subsistence . 4 . The abutting up of tbe mills occupied In the spinning of the flax has also thrown out of work many young women and children , and some men all of whom tend to augment the common mass of pauperism .
5 . The revulsion from a state of warfare to a state of peace , has thrown a considerable number of men , discharged from the armies , navy , and the militia , upon the parishes , aa the manufacturers are unable to afford them employment . 6 . Lastly , We have to conclude with the notice of one circumstance , and which , though not generally observed , yet it indirectly nffdctsus j economy in tho farming establishments , and thrashing machinery , drift off from homo a number of labourers ; and they boii . g accustomed to handle the mattock and spade , get that employment which might otherwise have been the portion of our owa unemployed poor . Upon a due consideration of the above causes of tbe present increase of pauperism , » e come—Secondly , To considor tbeir nature and complexion ; and upon this head , the committee are of opinion , —
That a part of the present increase of pauperism , arising from the stagnation of trade , we have every hope , will , in time , be diminished by tha inherent energies of commercial enterprise ; but yet those unemployed persons , who have been deprived of subsistence by tbe other causes before enumerated , seem to us to labour under difficulties more permanent in their nature , and such as will require tbe adoption of new measures to remove them . Whatever miff hi be Ihe advantage of machinery in its general application to our manufactures , ot , eofits natural
CONSEQUENCES , in the first instance , must be the decrease of labour . Under these impressions your Committee solicited a correspondence with persons of the first respectability for intellect , benevolence , and rank in society ; and by their communications we have in some measure regulated our conclusions . The facts which we daily witness amply convince us that something is indispensably necessary to be done . * wero it not for this urgent necessity we should be ready to ahrink from the difficulties presented- —presented on which side soever wo may turn for a remedy . :
Asto manufactures , we Cannot get a glimpse of hope respecting them ; for in uiost parts of the empiro the common subject of complaint is—the want of employment for both males and females— for both young , middle-aged , and old persons ; hence the introduction ot any other manufacture might shift the evil , but would not remote it . We are most particularly indebted to the Right Hon . Sir John Sinclair , Bart , for the distinguished attention that he has been pleased to pay to our communications ; to J . C . Curwen , Esq , M . P ., a name rich in the annals of agricultural celebrity , and widely acknowledged as the benevolent and persevering index of rxpenmental improvement ; to Robert Owen , Esq ., of New
Lanark , for the very polite offer which he has made of paying Us a personal visit ; to Mr . Wills , the Honorary Secretary of a Committee that has existed in London for some time , and has held its sittings at the King ' s Head , Poultry , and whose object , upon an extended scale , has been precisely similar to our own ; to Arthur Young , E * q ., for the valuable information conveyed to us through the m&dium of an inquiry into the propriety ; of applying wastes to the better maintenance and support of tbe poor , 1801 , 8 vo . From the above sources and others , particularly some hints from Sir Thomas Bernard , and others , iu a work entitled Hints for Belteeing the Condition of ihe Poor , we are induced to came , though with diffidence , to the under-mentioned conclusions .
The Soit—the Earth , is our Jast , our only resource . Indeed were we indre contiguous to the Sea , we should contemplate in its bosom an inexhaustible source , of subsistence and employ ; but inland as is our local situation , we can ae * no help , no employ , but in the soil . We observe that a late act authorises each parish to take and re-let twenty acres to the poor , for tbe purpose of finding them employ in their tenure bours .
Now it i « evident that the word parish intends townships ; and there only wants that alteration suggesting to our County Members to get the needful amemdment mada early in the next session . In the south , parishes are small . Ia York , they are very small ; but in Leeds , very extensive . In one pariBh we have nine townships ; and what would twenty acres do for nine different , populous , individual interests ? We are convinced that this only wants explanation before the legislature ; and we earnestly recommend it .
2 . The next source of relief that "we can ¦ suggest is the cultivation of Wastes . Domestic Colonization , upon a Bmall scale , we think , should be tried . Sir John Sinclair , Bart ., Robert Owen , Esq ., Arthur Young , Esq ., regard it &a the flbeet anchor , the only sure , easy , practicable mean of supporting the poor , and thereby reducing the poor ' * rates by enabling ! thein to * . Hppoit themselves . ¦ .
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The waste for such an experiment should be obtained as r ear to Leeds as possible , and as to the minut ' st of the plans of arrangement and management , those must necessarily devolve upon tbe guardiuns of the poor , or some committee invested with authority . j The best informed characters seem to contemplate some experiments upon a large scale , teat will reach the seven millions of acres of Waste Lands , and other facilities for overseers to place their unemployed poor in situations where labour may be found , and food raised for snppert .
But an experiment might , we are inclined to imagine , be made in Leeds , by voluntary subscriptions . We have little doubt , but that there are many ready and willing to do something for the poor ; and who are only waiting for a plan to be exhibited , that promises to be successful and effective . < Our present ] Poor Laws , though certainly intended to answer a most benevolent and meritorious purpose , have nevertheless one effect that caunot but be deplored . The dependence that a poor man has upon tbe parish for relief , sinks him in his own estimation , and paralyses his energies—and having nothing to hops for—nothing in prospect—he attempts nothing . This
deadening effect should be watched at every corner ; as Arthur Young , Esq ., observes—if an object exist , that will induce industry , frugality , patience , and exertion , we may defy calculation as to the effects which will be produced ; and numerous are- the individual instances that might be produced to show how this powerful lever , the nope of reward and possession of something that can be called one ' s own , has set in motion a principle that figures cannot count , and whieh cold calculation would pronounce an impossibility . Feed the poor "{ from week to week , and we perpetuate misery—FLACE THEM IN A CONDITION TO FEED THEMSELVES . llJNDER A DOE STIMULUS , WESHOULD SOON CHANGE THE MISERABLE SCENE .
At any other timo bat the present we might have been deemed visionary in these speculations ; and indeed , it is sometimes with difficulty that we can believe that the urgency of the circumstances warrant our recommendations . If we be found aoting under impressions unjustified by the aspect of the times * we trust the good sense of tbe Board will correct , curtail , ot repress our suggestions . But it again recurs uuto us , that uncommon times and caBes demand uncommon plans and exertions ; and hence we must solicit the most earnest attention of the gentlemen constituting the Board to the subject of Domestic Colonization . Domestic Colonization keeps ourpoor at home 1
Your committee herewith band you a report from the gentlemen deputed to visit New Lanark—from which it should appear , that some considerable improvement might be attained by the classification of the inmates of the present ipoor-house , and especially by affording to the children a greater portion of useful learning . Also their observations confirm still farther the obvious advantages to be derived , fry having recourse to the cultivation of the earlft , for permanent and productive labour . As to the minut ss of the operations , and as to the extent that it may be deemed prudent to adhere to any given plan , ; we should not feel ourselves warranted in venturing an ^ opinion , and especially in this stage of ihe business . Such considerations will naturally devolve upon other persons at a future period -. and to such a committee the information procured by the deputation will be foundiof considerable value .
Wo have Beveral documents that would warrant our warm recommendations of spade in lieu of plough husbandry . It must be universally allowed , that the superficies of our fields are far frem the climax of improvement of which they are capable—and indeed some examples Blight be produced , where tbe money extra-expended by manual labour , has been more , and much more than repaid , by the abundance of the crops produced . The ) difficulty will be found in persuading farmers to adopt this mode of cultivation . However , the appended Lanark Report will be found to- contain some advices upon this head , which we should be extremely glad to see generally or partially adopted .
Lastly—We would earnestly recommend , that the subject belaid as soon as convenient before a Vestry Meeting , in order to enlist into the cauae , a moderately numerous committee of gentlemen of talent , opulence , energy , and respectability . Now what does the reader think of that 1 Is not Mr . B ^ ines ' s remedy a feasible one ? Does not he adduce good and substantial reasons for its adoption 1 Does not he truly describe the nature and operation of machinery , in decreasing human labour j and in throwing the superseded ones upon the poor rates or upon private bounty ! Was not he right
when he said that" from manufactures he could not get one glimpsejof hope" 1 Manufactures have- alone been tried , as a remedy for the distress then so prevalent ; and the remedy has but augmented the mass of poverty it was to remove . Is not it time that We went to "the earth , our last , our only resource" ? Wo much regret that time and circumstances prevent us from handling this vast important document as we could wish . That , however , we cannot , at the present , compass . Some day or other we will return to it ; meantime we ask for Mr . Bainrs ' s remedy a most careful examination .
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He states that the Northern Star has tried " to prove that farmers of fouracres of land may , by the skilful management of their farms , realisea PROFIT of three hundred pounds a-year after fating their rents , taxes , AHo WAGES . ' * Now , this is a com * plete mis-statement of what the Northern Slar has attempted to " prove . " It is so opposite to fact , and in the teeth of so much evidence to the contrary ,
that the Northern Slar never even dreamed of such a thing as " three hundred pounds PROFIT , after payment of rents , taxes , and WAGES , " that we cannot believe the mis-statement to have been accidental , or unwitting . We are compelled to believe that the error is wilful ; and that it is resorted to to down the "land bubble" by the " power of face " alone , seeiug that it is impossible to do so by the power of argument ot fact .
The Northern Star has never yet attempted to " prove" any such outrageous statement as the Mercury attributes to it . So far from our having done this , we ba * e constantly , repeatedly , and invariably , represented the three hundred pounds aa the return for labour ; THE WAGES THEMSELVES ; not the profit after wages were paid I Ia the very article to which the Mereury affects
to reply , this is set forth in three distinct places . It is expressly stated , three times over , that the only " payments" made oufc of the produce , " are for rent , taxes , seed , and wear and tear of implements ; ' * and that the remainder , calculated from data the result of actual practice , is the return for the LABOUR AND CAPITAL EXPENDED . SO away goes tho one single " idea" contained ia the whole of the Mercury ' s " words" !
We repeat , that me cannot consider this mis-statement to have been accidental . We have so guarded ourselves on this point , from all possible misapprehension , and stated the fact that the estimated produce was not " clear profit , " but WAGES for labour and return for capital , that we cannot imagine any man reading the *• words" we have used , —and this the Mercury must have done , or he would not know to such a nicety the exact number of" ideas" contained in them ; we oannot imagine any one reading those » ' words" could for a single moment think that the
three hundred pounds spoken of were set forth as " clear profit . " If there had been the least possibility of lioubfc on the subject ; if our " words " had been either ambiguous or mistified ; if they had been liable to have attached to them a double meaning ; if it had been possible to have tortured out of them the "idea" that the three hundred pounds' worth of produce , after w rent , taxes , seed and wear and tear of implements had been paid for , " was " clear profit , " " after WAGES had been
paid ; " if this had been at all possible , we would cheerfully have given the Mercury the benefit of it , and not pressed him hardly on the point . As it is , we are bound to consider his conduct in placing the matter in the light he has , and in founding his whole strictures upon his false representation , as most disingenuous , and most unfair ; while we consider the necessity that he was under to adopt such a course of action as the only means of replying to our positions , as proof indisputable that those positions cannot be disturbed by / air means .
Who is it , therefore , that has been trying to practice " gross delusion" upon the public 1 The Northern Star , who has adduced fact for its inferences , and data for its calculations ; or tho Leeds Mercury , who has had to invent statements , attribute them to it * opponent , and then reason upon them , and them alone , to meet arguments founded upon fact ? This question we safely leave with the Mercury itself . Of course we shall not follow the Mercury in detail . Having destroyed the foundation on which he had built , his whole superstructure falls to the ground . It is not worth one single " word . "
Some day or other we shall have a " word '' to say about " the tenants of Mr . James G . Marshall and Messrs . Gott . " We thank the Mercury for the opportunity . It shall not be lost or missed . We will have " a crack" with him on that subject somo day , and tell him Bome queer facts . In conclusion , we must desire the Mercury to meet us fairly . We must desire him to meet our fads . We must desire him to refrain from wilfal misrepresentation of statement or argument . We must desire him to be ingenuous and honest . Let him meet us in this spirit , and in this manner ,
and we will tussle the matter with him . We will deal with him and his arguments faiily . We have hitherto done so . We have given him every advantage . We have invariably allowed him to state his own . case . Every " word" that he has said on the question has been inserted in the Northern Star . We do not ask him to insert our " columns of words " in return ; but we do ask him not to attribute false statements to us , and reason upon them as though they were ours . We ask him not to tax his powers of invention for this purpose ; bat to meet the argument fairly .
And this he must do . He cannot now recede . He has admitted , by his deeming it necessary to devote a leading article to tbe exposure of what he calls our " mischievous delusion , " that the question is one of interest . He cannot now forsake it . After this public charge of wilfully attributing to us what he must have known we never set forth , he must set himsel right . He must explain how it happens that misrepresentation alone is combatted in his article ; and he must then address himself to the real question .
If he do not do this , we shall be entitled to consider his silence as an aequiesence in the justice of oar charge , and as a full acknowledgment ib&t enr facts and arguments are unimpeachable . To this dilemma we fix him . No affected contempt for mere " words" will now serve him . He has not hitherto evinced contempt . Now , to affect to do bo will be damning . We shall look for , and fully expect , his explanation , and his reply to our " facts and figures . "
Portrait Of W. P. Eoberts, Esq.
PORTRAIT OF W . P . EOBERTS , ESQ .
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THE "iBUBBLE" EXPLODED . THE LEEDS MERCURY CAUGHT . The Leeds Mercury is sadly tired of his Potatoes . He does not likejthe "large" dish of them so continually served up for him . Whether it be that he is conscious that he "drew the bow" *' rayther" too far , in detailing the extraordinary produce , or it is the seasoning of the mess that anaoys him ; certain it is that he is annoyed , and that he tries hard to detach himself from all connection with the potato " bubble . " ! I-n the Mercury of last Saturday appeared the following article : —{
" The Land Bubble . —In the Northern Star of last Saturday we find four columns of words , with abont the same number of ideas , to prove that farmers four acres of land may , by the ; skilful management of their farms , realize a profit of £ 300 a-year , after paying their rents , taxes , and wag « a !!' . and the public are reminded that the farmers of Ireland , who are contending for ' fixity of tenure , ' and the Rebeccaitea of Wales , who complain of the pressure of high rents and high tolls , may obtain these profits , and thereby relieve themselves ftom all their difficulties . We would ask the author of these absurdities if there is a farmer in Ireland , or if there is a farmer in Wales , that realizes a tenth part of this sum by four acres of land ,
used for agricultural purposes land if the answer is « Nq , we would then ask ; if such profits are not obtained now , how it happens that not one man of all the sons of Erin ever made this discovery before Mr . Feargus O'Connor ? It is just possible that for garden produce , for which the demand is necessarily veiy limited , a considerable profit may be occasionally made . We have beard of a piofitof , £ 200 a-year from grapes grown on less than a quarter of an acre of lard , and £ l 00 a-year from the growth of asparagus on still less ground ; . but aa to farm produce , —grass , wheat , oats , barley , and turnips , tbe principal food of man and beast , —all such profits are utterly unattainable , and to cherish such' expectations is to encourage a mischievou * delusion . - We
fear that not many , of the tenants of Mr . James G . Marshall or of Messrs . Gott , with all th © advantages they enjoy of moderate rents , an unlimited supply of manure , and great facilities for disposing of tbeir produce , will realise a j clear profit yearly after the rate of £ 75 an acre on their allotments 1 and if they fail to make such profits , . after making the proper allowance for tbeir own labour , what will the milk farmer , or the corn farmer , or the farmer with rotation of crops , say to such a statement ? What would they say to their landlord , if he should tell them that Mr . F . O'Cetinor , ' barrister and farmer , ' aided by Mr . John Linton , ' ironfounder and farmer , / had made the discovery that every fiur acres of their estate would produce a clear yearly
profit of £ 300 ; and that consequently the land to rent was worth at least £ 60 per acre , and they , the tenants , must pay that earn ? They would say to the landlord what Mr . Burchell said to the fine speeches of Miss Wilbelrniiia Amelia Skeggs and her companion 1 — ' FUDGE ! ' and that ; perhaps is the most suitable answer that can be given to all such rhodomantade . We do not dispute tbat Mr . Liaton may have produced upon bis three roods of land at Selby , by forced cultivation , a great many cabbages , and a great many potatoes , any more than we dispute tbe experiments of the correspondent of the Leeds Mercury in March last , who , wrote upon the comparative yield of various kinds of potatoes—but Jfor whose aeenracy we never gave any
pledge , as the Northern Star asserts : nor do we dispute that the land of England , Scotland , and Ireland , may be made much more productive than it is at present by improved drainage , j aided in aorae cases by spade husbandry ; but we contend that to hold out auy expectation that a farm of four acres of land will in general yield a clear profit of £ 360 a year either to the owner or to tbe tenant , or : to both , is to practise a gross delusion upon tbe public ; and that any person who may be imposed upon by such representations will find his agricultural speculations as dulusfve aa would be his political expectations if he thought the country would attain either liberty ! or prosperity from the establishment of ' The Imperial Charter . '"
The Mercury isj bothered . This potato question has puzzled him . He chose to sneer at tho Land question , because it was advocated by the Northern Star ; and the tables were turned so completely upo » him , by the shewing that the statements in . the Star , with respect to the benefits to be derived from the application of labour to " our lust and only resource—tho soil , " iwere sober and cautious , compared with his own ; . This has bo bothered him , that he now tries to get rid of the difficulties in which he is involved by sheer misrepresentation and falsehood . I
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WORK OF THE SESSION . We and our contemporaries have reviewed the Ministerial work of the past Session , according to our several political peculiarities , but more with reference to the disappointment created at home , than with reference to its effect abroad . If the Tory Ministry has succeeded in dissatisfying all parties at home , it has been abundantly successful in causing the foreign enemies of Britain to rejoice and be glad . So long indeed as the acknowledged distress of the working classes was likely to be confkfli within the narrow limits of our domestic
policy , " so long was that distress matter of unimportance to the cunning monarch who wields the French 6 ceptre . But the moment it w&s revealed that the aid of the Chelsea Pensioners might be required to keep the cry of hunger in subjection , while her Majesty and her Ministers were revelling in enjoyment during the recess , did Loui 9 Philippe discover that the heretofore subsidizing England must henceforth , in consequence of her ruined Exchequer , rely upon the physical force of foreign nations to suppress the growing discontent arising out of domestic misrule .
Turn-about is fair-play , says the English Minister to the King of the Barricades : we have exhausted our resources for the purpose of upholding yo ** title to the throne of France , and now , according to all the rules of good faith and *• reciprocity , " we have a claim upon you to uphold our ascendancy at home . True , Mr . Pitt and the statesmen of bis day were actuated by a doubie motive ia potting down the French Revolution ; firstly , by their
duty to kings generally ; and secondly , leat the example set in France should be followed by the English people ; and if tho interests of France and England were go inseparably anited in 1752 , as to justify the expenditure of so much English blood and En glish money not yet made , the same reasoning , with a mere change of circumstance ^ would hold good in 1843 : tbat is , if the rage for Republicanism in France in 1792 jastified the English minister of that day in expending the country ' s
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 9, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct818/page/4/
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