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MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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{ The repoblieation of these beautiful lines "win not be eonridered inappropriate -with the recent jiorloaB evsnta to e *« C 8 fieih in tbe memories of od readers , illations to the daughters of the " modern teeni ' das" win be found in onr Greek news in another column ! JLt midnight , in his guarded tent , The Twk- sras dreaming of the hour ,-When Greece , her knee in suppliance bent should tremble at Mb power ; In dreams through camp and court he bore The trophies of a eonqnerorj In dreams Ms song of triumph heard , Then -wore his mqnarea ' asignet ring , 2 ben pressed the monarch ' s throne—a king ; As -wild his thoughts and gay « f wing , - Ab Eden ' s garden bird . At TniflTright in the forest shades .
£ " 2 zuis ranged his Suliote band , Irneas theiteel of their triedldades , Heroes in heart and hand . There bad the Persian ' s thousands stood , Ihere had the glad earth drnnk their Wood On old Plafse j ' s day ; And now they breathed that haunted air , The sons of sires who conquered there , With arm to strike and sonl to dare . As qnict , as far as they . An hour passed on—the Turk awoke ! Thai bright dream was Ms last ; He / woke—to bear his sentry's shriek ,
"Toarms ! theyoome ] the Greek ! theGreek !" He woke—U > die , Amidst flame and smoke , And shout , and groan , and sabre stroke ; And drath-Fhots falling thick and fast lake ferest pines before the blast , Or lightnings from tie mountain cloud ; And heard , with voice as trumpet loud , Bcznrris cheer his band ; * ' Strike—till the last arm'd foe expires , " Strike for your altars and your fires , " Strike ior the green graves of your sires , " Chid—and your native land !" They fought , like brave men , lone and " well :
They piled that ground -with Moslem slain They conquera !—but Bvnaxis fell , Bleeding at every vein . His few surviving comrades saw His Emile when rang their proud hurrah , . And the red field was iron ; Then saw in death hiseylids close Calmly , as to a night ' s repose , lake flowers at set of son . Come to the bridal chamber , Death . '
Const to the mether ' a when she feels Par the first time , her first-born ' s breath ; Come when the blessed seals Which dose the pestilence are broke , And erewded dties -wail it stroke -, Come in consumption ^ ghastly form , The earthquake's shock , the ocean storm ; Come when the heartbeats high and warm , With baxquet-iong , and dance , and wise And thou art terrible ; the tear , The groan , the tnell , the pall , the bier , And all -we know , or dream , or fear Of agony are thine . Bat to the hero , when his sword Has won the kittle for the . free , Thy voice sounds like a propbet ' s "word , And in its hollow loaea are heard
The thanks of millions yet to be . Come , when his task of fame is wrought ; Come in her crowning hour ; and then Thy EHnfcen eyes' unearthy light To him is ^ welcome as the sight Of sky and stars to prisen'd men ; Thy grasp is welcome as the hand Of brother in a foreign land ; Thy summons welcome as the cry . Which told the Indian isles are nigh , To the -world seeking Geonese , When the land wind , from , woods of the palm , And orange groves , and fields of balm , Slew o ' er the Haytien seas . Boxraris ] with the storied brave ,
Greece nurtured in her glory " B time , Bestfliees there * * no proader grave , ETeninner own proud clima ! She wore no funeral weeds for thee , Nor bade the dark hearse wave its plume , lake a torn branch from death ' s leafless tree , In sorrow ' s pomp and pageantry , — The heartless luxury of the tomb j But she Bombers thee as one Xang-IoTad and for -a seaaoa gorae . For thee her poet's lyrs is wreathed , Her marble wrought , her music breathed , For thee she rings ibe biith-day bells ; Of thee her babe ' s first lisping tells ; For thine her evening prayer is said , At palace couch , and cottage bed .
Her solajer , closing mm the foe , Gives for thy sake a deadlier blow ; His pligbt&d maiden , when the fears * For him , the joy of her jonng years , Thinks of thy fate , and checks her tears ; And she , the mother of the boys , Though in her eye and faded cteek To read the grief she will not speak , The memory of her b * risd joys ; And eves she who gave Mm birth , Will by their pilgrim-circled hearth , Talk of thy doom "without a sigh ; For thon art Freedom's now , and Fame's One of the few , immortal names , That -were sot born to die .
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THE ERRORS OF EMIGRANTS , & « . &e . By Gephge Plotter , of Albion . Edward's County ^ Illinois , London : Cleave , Shoe-lane , Fleet-Street , The author of this work is a gentleman who , with fee late Mr . Morris Birkbeck , to 6 tthe lead in forming an English settlement in the State of Illinois , in the year 1817 . ! Che speculation excited considerable interest a * the time in this country , from the feet of ibe leading eharacsers engaged therein being men who were imbued with the" Radical" principles of ibe day , and were consequently dissatisfied "with the political order of things here ; and migh on the other hand , be snppo&d to hare expected much from the more democratic institutions of the country
¦ whlthertbeyvfent pilgrims , seeking a home in the " far West , " where freedom would protect and prosperity reward their labours . Judging from the work before n 3 , we Bhould say * that whilst all the anticipations indulged in by the adventurons " pioneers" may not have been realized , the neater and more substantial portion have been . fir . " - ' Flower describes its settlement as being thoroughly established ; and -while some hare acquired wealth , the whole hare acquired and axe enjoying a high , degree of substantial co * n-£ ort . The toils , disappointments , and difficulties , of the firrt stages of their location having been strrmonmed , the settlers are rapidly progressing and fast becoming a flourishing community . At
least such is tbe picture drawn by ilr . Flower , and apparently with truth , and smceruy . The object of the author is not so much to gire a history of the settlement , as to warn- emigrants against the errors often , —indeed almost invariably , — committedby those who have hitherto left Europe in quest of a home OB tbe Columbian sfcere . These errors are severally enumerated ia different chapters , and adviee and directions given on nailers of vital importance j which advice , &c , so far as we are competent to understand its worth , we consider to be wise and of surpassing importance , to the adventurer and * the exile . This little book also affords information of ( he most valuable description , touching tbe xisa and progress of the "Western states of the North American Union , statistics of tbe population , public lands , mineral and agricultural resources ,
jnodes and charges of coiivejai-ce , description of the different routes to the "far Wess , " face of the country , climate , general health of the inhabitants , trade , politic ? , education , religiM ; &c . &c . &c . The whole is written in a -high ! j pleasing style , and enlivened with wit ! y aatedotes . As we . perused its pages , we marked a number of passages for extract , but on concluding we found we had marked the greater part of the book ! "We perhaps could . give our readers no better i > roof of our opinion of Its merits . From chapter 20 we select a few extracts illustrative of the progress of thesettleaent founded by Messrs . BLrkbeck and Flower . After stating that certain circumstances led to an estrangement between himself and Mr . Birkbeck almost » i the very " settling , * ' which resulted in a division f theland [ they had purchased , ( a prairie and adjoining woodland ) , Mr . Flower thus proceeds 4—
"A crowd of emigrants immediately followed , in icomtant stream of succession , ilormura of discontent circulated through the ill-assorted and ill-accommodated kslt&Bda . ; IhelueoBTenleneeaof b popola&iaB Inad > "nmn \ ur iiuaiiHj iTirilfrT rnfl sometime * of jafffrfem ^ food , were then experienced , Provisions had to be dw 2 S out by those who had them to those who wanted ; bedding , covering of every description , cooking uten-Mls , bridles , saddles , even from the necessity of Ibe cast , were almost common property ; and this state of difficulty and confusion was doubtless augmented by the fact , that every individual there assembled was utterly ignorant and inexperienced in the business of-settling in a new eountry—ignoraiit not only of the difficulties of a new country , bnt destitute of experience in country life In any eoomry whatever ; foz one-third at least of that motley population had never been out of a town ot city in England . Common to the occasion were va-
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rious strange scenes of sudden and conflicting emotions . Anger , joy ,, vexation , mirth , and imprecations of ten succeeded each other in quick and ludicrous succession . It may welLbe imagined thatthose who were the original cause of thia congregation of the people in the wilderness , came in occasionally for a share of reproach and abuse . I must now . bear testimony that there was much less of this feeling than might have been expected ; and a spirit of energy and-action prevailed that overcame every obstacle . This elementary confusion soon gave place to comparative orfier , and very aoon every man went his way , and did that which was right in tbe sight of bis own eyes . ' Those that had money soon sought and selected lands for themselves in yrtiries adjacent te the one in which we had settled ; these collected about them a portion of the labourers , some with families and some without Thus was the incongruous
mass divided , and each man with sioney was then at the head of a little community , aiding him in his schemes of improvement with their labour , who in tarn received from him their support One of the first things most needed and difficult speedily to obtain near every man ' s door was a well . In digging a well in the village prairie during the first months of our settlement , a mast fatal and melancholy accident occurred . One morning , upon descending the yet unfinished well , tbe first man fell senseless , and the second , hastening to his relief , fell also . Not suspecting the cause , two others in succession descended , and in a few minules the corpses were all that remainded of four robust and healthy men . The noxious damps had killed them alL They were the first deaths in our settlement The bodies were interred ¦ witix the usual ceremonies of the Church of England . " The origin of the town of Albion .
"Tbelneonvenlen . ce of living in detached settlements , withont any common centre for artificers and mechanics necessary to the most common husbandry , was eoon discovered . " A neighbour living in the village prairie , six miles north of me , agreed that each of us should start from our dwelling at a given hour , and guided by the compass ; one going South , and the other North , proceed onward through the woods until we met Through the tangled vises , and brushwood of the forest , the unerring needle guided us to a mealing . There was nothing objectionable in the spot Here , said we , let us raise our blacksmith ' s shop for mutual accommodation . "The evening , after the day ' s txenrnion , was spent at my cabin ; as we lay on our . beds on the floor , we extended our projects , we built mere cabins , raised a town , and peopled it with various trades ! We diecus ? ed , proposed , decided on a name . It was Albios .
" Our American neighbours twenty miles off were tbe architects , who raised the flxst cabin , and a blacksmith was duly installed in hia trade . Soon after this , five or sis other persons clubbed five hundred dollars each , for building cabins , and other public purposes . A section of ground was secured for the sdte of the town . House after house was soon raised ; mechanics came in . A tavern , and a grog shop were established . The scattered backwoodsmen from a distance gathered ronnd the whiskey-bottle , like bees attracted by the swtets of a favourite flower ; and scenes of brawl and drunkenness , usual in the young towns of Western America , heralded the birth of the infant town of Albion . Emigrants continued to arrive and settle themselves according to their tastes and meanB , on many of tha beautiful scites afforded by the eminences on the Bkirts of the woods .
" In two or three yean after our first settlement , many of the labourers that had first come out , rented thase farms which they had been previously employed to fence and prepare for cultivation . Many more made purchases of small tracts of land , from their earnings during tbe two or three previous years , and commenced farming on their own account " This was tbe first step of independence , and one which has ever since been pursued with unvarying success by this class of rettlers . They have ever progressively advanced in property , comfort , and attainments . " Many a poor lad who then came with nothing , is now the father of a large family , living in his own comfortable house , on his own weil-filied farm ]
" This process has been constantly going on ever since the commencement of the settlement . The labourers are continually advancing to the condition of independent farmers . Their place is filled up by others that arrive , who also become independent farmers , and in their turn hire tke newly arrived labourers . * 'About four yews after our first settlement the county seat , heretofore located at Palmyra , an unhealthy spot on the Wabash , was removed to Albion . " The introduction of the « urse of slavery was bravely and successfully opposed by the Bettlers ; and Illinois preserved from its withering contamination .
" A great question now agitated our whole state , and our settlement particularly ; and no wonder , for it is a subject which agitates the whole union when it is in active controversy . Many of the settlers in Illinois were from the Southern slave states , and as they thought , in sufficient numbers to induce a change in tbe constitution , for the introduction of elaveiy . The time arrived for the popular vote of tbe Btate to be cut for or against an amendment of its already newly formed constitution . That is , bo to amend it , as to ullow of the Introduction of slavery .
" We had just removed from the most free country in Europe , because it was not free enough ; and bad selected tbe most pleasant and free state in tbe union for our future residence . We bad invested in it onr fortunes , and brought to it our families . Just at the period when we had proved this land of our choice , to be entrapped as it were , into the very jaws of slavery , excited our apprehension , and aroused our indignation . We spoke perhaps too rashly , for we felt deeply . The vote of our state by a small majority was cast for freedom . Bnt the excitement cf tbe congest separated for a time the harmonious intercourse of many worthy friend * . " Since that time tbe vast increase of population from tbe Northern and Eastern States , and the drawing off of those attached to the institutions of the South , leave not the slightest expectation that slavery can ever be introduced into Illinois . "
Here is a description of tbe present state of Albion and the neighborhood : — " Albion is situated in a high-rolling country , between the Little and Great Wabash , ( ten miles from eacB ) at an elevation of 140 feet above both . It is far distant from tbe stagnant water and low bind , those sources of in health , in a new and unimproved country . The town itself is not in a prairie , but is surrounded at a short diitance -with prairies of every s- * X 3 , and well adapted to every description of cultivation . ' Society in and around tbe jjlace has been in progressive improvement . The few lawless rovers , ever to be found in a new country , have long since moved away . A large and respectable class have supplied their place . The spirit of temperance prevails , quietude , industry , and sobriety ore the strong characteristics of tbe neighbourhood . The absence of speculation is another feature in the aspect of our Bomewhat peculiar settlement
"The increase of the numerous large arms around Albion , and of the various trades within the town are all from the same source . They are the fruits of constant industry and patient labour . The town itself is yet small , but many of the houses built of brick and stone give it & more substantial appearance than la common to young towns in the West "We were not worldly wise ( as the Americans are ) in the settlement of onr lo-wu . We did not at first settle in it , but each person pitched bis residence on some of those beauti ' ul scites on the prairies around , and left tbe town to take care of itself .
" It contains three taverns , eight stores , two manufactories cf castor oil , and all the mechanical trades necessary to an agricultural population are carried on with great spirit and perfection . In the character and cenduct of the business of our stores , we too , have something to commend . Tbe regular and stated prices at -which goods are sold renders the business of aboping . simple , and agreeable . One price asked , and another taken , is a . practice that does not exist here . A child is as fairly dealt with as the principal . It should seem that our storekeepers are bb regular and moderate in their family concerns as in their stores , for the five principal storekeepers have each seven children ; this is regular and moderate too , in a country where thirteen to the dczen is by no means uccemmon .
" The aspect of the country has changed since we first settled . It was thtn rich ifi the wild luxuriance of vegetable life . When driving through the prairie , a pair of fnll-8 Jz ? d horses in a carriage , the tall prairie grass waved high above their backs . In tbe succeeding year , sixty full-sized oxen vrere completely hidden in the grass at a hundred paces diMant 2 iow $ tom repeated wopping , that gra £ s is not more than eighteen inches high . Then a newly-erected cabin on the margin of ths -wood , was a sight of some interest . How numerous farms , large cabins , and many good houses are scattered all around , on the skirts of every prairie in the neighbourhood . Every gradation of cultivation may now be seen in the dose pruximity from the first breaking up of the prairie sod , to the well-tilled field , and well-grown orchard , and a dwelling surrounded with all the appendages of rural plenty and rastie enjoyment
" Then a jingle trace from a remote settlement was the only path to guide the traveller through an interminable "wilderness . Vow & daily mail stage , and a daily post unites us in travel tad correspondence with the whole world . During the few years of our settlement , hope , exertion , and enthusiasm surmounted all obstacles . The next period was distinguished by dull and general stagnation . The produce of our bind exceeded our wants , so psrcbasezs came in to buy . We had no roads on land , no steam-boaU plied oar water * IToanoe was at its lowest price . I wett remember sellisg » lot of 4 se fat grass-fed « ttl « , to tile first drover that ever came in to pwhase , at U » late « f about on cent per pound . A neighbour delivered to me a lot of fine hams for two cents per pound . Although the article of corn hw never been ao abundant , orat a price ao extremely low as in Borne dfetricte , jet I have bought and sold large quantities at ten cents per busbeL
"That time is passed . A market at improved prices is now at our fioors for produce of all-kinds . The merchants iD onr Email towns purchase Trith consider able eonipetitien . Althongh the prices of meat and bread stuf& are comparatively high , they must yet irtrike persons froa the Old Country as extremely low .
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Thebeef that was onecent is now three , tbe pork that was two cents is now four . But goods of every kind for the farmer ' s consumption are abundantly lower ia price than formerly . By reference to Mr . Birkbeck ' 8 letters , sugar was then twenty-five cents per pound , and coffee , forty ; sugar is now tea cents , and coffee , sixteen . These changes both in the price of articles of production , and consumption are greatly in favour of the emigrant of the present day , when compared with the circumstances of his predecessors thirty years back . " ~ " Although we have been more than twenty years settled , we may be considered in the light of pioneers for ethers . We have but opened the resources of the country , and . thousands may now Sad employment in
various branches of industry , where hundreds would have found it difficult to establish themselves without the preparation and conveniences afforded by the settlement already made . The rich resources of tbe country we have opened axe reserved in their full abundance for tho ^ e who yet may come . Without one brilliant attraction to offer to the ambitious , the gay , or the wealthy , the prevalence of general good health , the absence of great mortality or sickness for twenty years , tbe presence of a qniet content and gradual improvement in tbe situation of the inhabitants , are circumstances that will be appreciated by all who have experienced the cues and vicissitudes of life "
Weshonld state that the price of the work , consisting of 64 pages of closely printed matter , is One Shilling . We can conscientiously recommend it as a highly useful and most important work .
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handful of mon . commanded by " Strongbow" and hia lieutenants . But we moat close our remarks for the present , giving ; a few extracts to euable the reader , m somo wise , to jadge for himself : —
ANCIENT mSTORT OF IRELAND . " The ear ty history of Ireland , like the early history of all other countries , br involved in obscurity . Poetry and romance have Indeed told n » of the early glories of Irel ^ d-of the wisdom and wealth , of her people , and of the m ^ ht and power of her kingdoms . Viewed through themagnirying Jens of tradition , the "Bright Isle of the Weutf' has thus been made to shine resplendent in ancient glory and grandeur . But , alas I the vision JHsfariptof its moat gorgeous hues , when examined o 7 ^ f ° ^ er light of rea ^ i > n and judgment ; and we a ; . d that the early glory of Ireland , like the boasted early elor ? of all other countries , exists rather In the mmd of the poet , thai * in the veritable records of tho past ..
The early history of all European countries la very nearly the same . The great mass of the people were Pagans in their religion , the wowhippers of stocks and stones . They were governed by ctaler * . who were distinguished by a restless thirst for aggression a&d plunder , and were generally at war with each other , rhe sword was then the only law ; and might constituted the only right to govern . The state rjpened Into the feudal system , during which a race of chiefs grew partially otvihsed , and from them Bpread downwards among the followers a partial refinement and civUfzv tlon . Then coalitions of chiefs took place , who recognisea Borne or other of their order as a king . ThiB king . was generally their ^ creature ; if he refused to accede to their demands , he was at once dethroned or assassinated . * Feuda became parpeiual between
kingdoms . Turbulence pervaded the entire frame of Boclety . Arms was the only noble profession ; and the most successful dtatroyer of his fellow-cre ? . turea was lauded as a hero , and almost worshipped aa a god . fierce and ruHng animal will was the great characteristic of this period . The mass of the people remained sunk to a great depth in civilization . Whilet the kings and chiefs of the time occupied the page of history , we find that the people who fought and bled for them passed away unnoticed . But thus has it ever been . The traits have always monopolised the ear of society . While they bave m&dathe ; world clamorous with their deeds , their achievements , their joys , and their sufferings ^ the " dumb millions , ' * doomed to pine on in thick obscuration , have toiled , suffered , bled , and died for others ) and then passed away into silent oblivion , without a record . "
SAINT PATBICK . " Saint Patrick is said to have laboured for thirty years with immense success among the Irish , demolishing Druidism , and establishing in its place the religion which Ireland fervently cherishes down' to the present day . After him , a succession of pious and faithful men arese , who , ere long , made Ireland famous for its learning throughout the civilised world . Civil communities Were formed in various puts of the cvontry by tbe monks , which in course of time became
weltpolished cities ; and thither youths , not only of the island , but of the neighbouring nations came to be educated . From these seats of learning emanated the men who founded most of the celebrated monasteries and colleges of the time , in France . Switzerland , Italy , and England ; many of which flourish down to the present day . And thus did the priesthood continue te exercise an increasing influence , until they became the arbiturs and almost the lawgivers of the people , down to the period of the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in the twelfth century . "
ANCIENT DIVISIONS OF IRELAND . —DEFECTS OB
GOVERNMENT . " At an early period , Ireland was divided into the five ^ kingdoms of Ulster , Leinster , Connaught , and Meath . The four kingdoms first named were each ruled over by their independent king , and tbe whole were governed by one paramount sovereign , who , while be reigned , claimed the smaller but more central and abundantly fertile kingdom of Meath as bis peculiar property . These kingdoms were again subdivided into principalities , which were inhabited by district clans or septs , each ruled by its own chieftain ( or carfinny ) . Each chieftain was independent in his own demain , administering justice , and exercising the right of making war and peace with his neighbour , at hia own pleasure . The power and government of each
provincial king were thus similar to those of tbe monarch himself : he also received tributes from inferior chiefs , paid for their services when he wanted their aid in war , and was entertained by them in his progress throughout the country . The same system extended downwards among all the ranks of society . " " This was regulated by what was called tbe law of Tanislry , which confined hereditary right to certain families , but not to individuals . Tims the chiefs and kings could only be elected from royal houses ; but there was not individual of a royal or noble family , no matter how numerous it might be , who might not become a candidate for the office of ianist . or
chieftainelect . Tbe custom was to elect this tunist immediately after the accession of the chief , and to assign to him a portion of the mesnal land . When the chief died , the tanist succeeded , him , and another was immediately elected in hifi room , This- practice wae found productive of the greatest mischief . The accession of a chief or a king was generally the signal for party feude , and often pitched battles , to determine wbo should be the tanist to aucoeed him . The chiefs also looked with suspicion on tbe person thus elected , who often eagerly longed for their death , to attain the tank of prince ; and the tanista too often gave them room for this suspicion , by openly making war en them , or seoretly assassinating them . "
DISTRACTED STATE 0 F IKEIjAND PREVIOUS TO THE ENGLISH INVASION . "So distracted and torn to pieces was Ireland , from these and othar causes , for a long time previous to the Anglo-Norman invasion that the country might have fallen-easy prey to any foreign invader disposed to make the experiment . It seems to have been the fate of this noble country , from the first , to be tbe prey of social ' discord , convulsion , and strife . The cause of the common welfare of all , has almost throughout been sacrificed in selfish struggles between rival factions ; and while the people have been tearing each other to pieces- at the bidding of their respective chiefs , the common enemy haa been enabled to forge the chains ef their national coercion and enslavement "
Here , for the present , we conolude . So far as we are yet able to judge , we consider this " History of Ireland" to bo well Worthy the support of the public . We Bhall return to the subject again , and give further extracts from its interesting pages . Of conrse the publishers will supply the " parts , " as fast as they appear .
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• In ; the list of one hundred and seventy-eight monaroha of the Milesian line enumerated by the Irish historians , only forty-seven died natural deaths , seventyseven were slaio in battle , and sixty murdered . —Tay / or's Htitort / oftfo' Civil Wars of Ireland . Vol . 1 , p . 19 .
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Mabch of REFr . VEjiENT . —A well-known confectioner of Cambridge waa lately rfquested by an equally woll-knowu bootmaker in the baxoc town to send him some ice | as he was goiag to give a paTty . The confectioner i returned the following laconic reply : — " Mr . LH— - never freezes for snobs . "
Active Habits ;' of Great Men . —We have read lately in the paper ^ a paragraph on the subject of ths active habits of his Grace the Duke of Wellington , who , jt is said , cots about from place to place with aa agility that for { a mu . u of his years is truly wonderful . There is another great man , whose moves are , no less rapid than those of tho hero of Waterloo . We allude , of course , to Lord Brougham , who left the extreme of popularity b 7 the ' own-train , aud arrived at the terminus of popular b ^ niempt in something nezt to no ] time . L > rd Stanley is another public character whose rapidity of movement is astonishing . His Lordship left Whiggery at such a rate as to lose sighifc of the station he started from , and was put dowa at Toryism within an incredibly short period . —Punch .
Smuggling . —Smuggling , we are told , is , notwithstanding the recent disclosures , almost as brisk a trade as before , and at least one extensive " operation" has been recently effected in tobacco . A sailor , it is stated , sauntoriug up tha Commarcialroad a week or two ago , was overtaken by a oar carrying from the' docks apparently some old ship ' s ropes ; amongst them was a hawser , of unusual sizj . Jack , recognising ! in it an old ship acquaintance , hailed the car , which having brought to , hojumped in , and forthwith commenced cutting off about t ighteen inches of ; tho hawser . The carman remon strated ; Jack laughed , and letting him nno the secret , showed him that the old hawser was capital negro-head tobacco . It is needless to say the hawser wa .- < delivored a few feet short , bat all at events duty free . —Morning Harald .
Head-dress op ] the Irish Peasant . —The cover ing of his head harmonizas with his coat , for instead ofanseful , light ^ ater ^ roof cap , he wears a quiz zical , shapeless felt or silk hat , which may have b .: « a soaked a hundred times in the rain and dried agaiu . That the higher and unoccupied classes should encumber themselves' with so uncomfortable and inappropriate covering * as our hats ., and keep to them because they havo 1 been onoo the fashioa , is intelligible enough ; but how euoh au absurd article of dress could have ) been kept up for years amone : millions of people of the labouring classes is to me inoomprehensibte . 4- Kohl .
Opposite Characters . —Some mon are eminent in blessing their fellow creatures , aud somo in cursing . Some have devoted , thoir hvos to pursuits of bloodshed and death—^ nd some in G : > mznunicatiug the means of comfort and prolonging life . To % \ e latter class Old Parr most undoubtedly belongs ; and the seed whioh he sowed will garmiua'e and flourish in future ages , and yield the happy fruits of innumerable blessings to thousands and tens of thousands of his fellow-men . j " Tongues yet unformed shall spread his name afar , And inture ages bless the name oi Parr . "
Abominablb Wohking of the New Poor Law . —Oiir readers are probably aware that the late Mr . Day , tho blacking ! manufacturer , bequeathed the interest of £ 100 , 000 , to be applied by hia executors in annuities of not , more than £ 20 a year each to poor men and wom ^ n . Some time ago a young woman totllay blind , who was ltvjng with her parents at South Petberton , in Somersetshire , and receiving 5 a a-weck from tha Yeovil Union , applied to this Charity for assistance , and the Executors , finding that she was a deserving object , felt disposed to allow her to become an annuitant , but as some Poor Law Guardians had taken off che weekly allowance to poor families to whom Mr . Day ' s exeoator 3 had granted reliefjthey resolved in this case to
ascertain , before granting the annuity , whether they might be assured that such a disgraceful proceeding would not bo followed ia this case ; and according y Mr . Croft , the acting execmor , wrote to the ttsv . Mr . Bond , who had interested himself for tho young woman , for the purpose of inquiring whether the Guardians of the ytovil Union would still continue the same allowance to the fami ' y , if the blind girl became a pensioner on Mr . Day ' s charity ; and Mr . Croft , having , in reply , received a written assurance that the allowance ] by the Union would coutinne , granted the young woman an annuity of £ 20 a-ycar ; but , to ttae great surprise of Mr . Day ' s executors , the Yeovil Union , not long after , stopped their allowance altogether ! Mr . Croft wrote to the Guardians to remind thorn of their written guarantee , but they coolly replied , that they were a changeable body , and the then ' guardians were not bound by -: he
acts of their predecessors ; and notwithstanding the remonstrances of the Rav . Mr . Bond and Mr . Croft against this breach of faith 5 they would not alter their determination , and the effect , therefore , in reality , is , that the parish is receiving the benefit of Mr . Day ' s bounty . ! Mr . Croft applied to the Poor Law Commissioner ^ on the subjeot , bat could gets uo redress , their answer being— " that the guardians must exercise their Iowa discretion in tho matter /' Another case of n ' eaily similar shabby conduct on . the part of one of tha City ot London Livery Companies has also been brought under our notice . Tnb Paper Stainers' Company have funds to distribute to their poor freemen ; and a poor blind man , who vvasa yearly pensioner of jheirs , to the amonut of £ 10 , on becoming an annuitant of Mr . Day ' s charity for £ 16 , had the whole of his Company ' s allowance withdrawn . Weekly Dispatch , j
The Ibish compared with Foreign Nation—I remember that I once pitied che poor Lithuanians in Livonia , when I fpuad them dwelling in houses formed merely of stamps of trees , the insterstices filled up with moss . I pitied them , especially on account of the low ' entrances to their dwellings and the stnallness of their windows , and gladly should I have seen their ohimn-y batter arranged . I remember , too , what melatn-aoly reflections rose in my mind when I beheld : tho simple , rude , and wretched arrangements of their household . Now , may God forgive me for my ignorance ! I migi ^ t have spared all this , for I did not know that it had pleased God to lay such priva . ions and worse upon another people . After I had seen Ireland I found that even the
poorest among the Lithuanians , Eathenians , and Fin landers live decently ; and that in ninety-nine cases out of one hundred , Paddy would be delighted if he could be housed , clothed , and fed as any of those people . Whoever has seen Ireiand will no longer think any othor part of Europe miserable . lie will eren consider the position of savages preferable . A log hut lined with moss—what a luxury ] The Irishman's dwelling-place is usually built of mud , and how « one shovelful piled upon another , intermixed with a few rough stones , picked up in the fields , till the walls j are sufficiently high . A house regularly thatched , Or covered with bark wouid be indeed admirable ; tlie Irishman often coders his with the turf taken frotn his bogs . Small windows filled
up wuh panes of glass , or half-transparent bladders , oe talc , as here and there in Waluchio . and some party of Russia—such luxuries are unknown to an Irish peasant . Here mooc of the hues arc without windows ; one tqsiare hols in front serving at once for window , chimney , house-door and stable-doorfor light , smoke , men , and pigs to pass through . * * Russians , it is true , are of tun in . harder bondage than the Irish , but their Habitations and food are as good as they desire ; there is no trace of Irish beggary among them . Moreover , they are happy ia their slavery , and do not , like tho Irish , bite their chaius and endeavour to ireak them . Tho Hangarians , too , are not , as a ! people , very well off ; but even the lowest among them get excellent whoaten to
br ^ ad eat , and tolerable wine to drink . Could a Hungarian believe ttiat . there are many people in a Christian land who can only afford to eat potatoes on alternate day si The Servians and Bosnians are reckoned among the most miserable people in Europe and mdeed the sighi of their villages is not very inviiiug—but how well these people sre clothed ! If the Irish peasant conld peep into a Sirvian cottage and gee a Servian woman sitting thoreia in her full dress , the men standing by her witft their wear pons , I think he would be inclined to tell his countrymen that the " good people" had taken him to a land wbere all the women looked hka Qieens arid the men like princes . Among the Tartars of the Crimea few luxuries ^ and comforts are found ; this
they seem to know i themselves , as they emigrate in great numbers to ( Asia Minor : vhoy are called poor and barbarous , but after all they look like men ; they bave a regular national dress ; neat , clean cottages , in good repair . How neat are their orchards ! How well kept are their horses and harness ! Bnt the Irish have neither form nor shape ; they look all edge and trimming ; -except their rags , they have no national dress ; their dwellings have no national form , bnt are built bap-hazard ; their whole household seems without rale or law . Among the Tartars and other 8 uoh nations , the saddles * travelling bags , carpets , divans , disheSi spoons , even the smallest
articles are made after a onstomary and ancient pattern , being well-adapted to their several purposes ; the Irishman has nothing of the kind . As he dresses himself with rags gathered up here and there , his seat is at one time a chair , at another a block of wood , or a barrel , and a dish a broken vessel of one shape or another . W * e have also onr beggara and poor , who cannot keep pace withthonational manners , yet lawless beggary forms with us and other nations , the exceptions butwiiib : the Irish it is therule . Here is a people of beggars , among whom the wealthy form the exception . It is this which makes Ireland unique amougtheaationaof the world . —Kohl . I
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Light Sovereigns . —By jPtjhch ! A PBOCLiMi .-iiojr;—Whereas it feas been represented to Us , Jbafc certain Sovereigns are very light , and not of tha value that they ought to be ; and whereas auch * Sovereign was lately current in the neighboarhood of Kew , but has since been withdrawn from circiilfttiori : We do hereby command all people to cat such Sovereigns , and have nothing whatever to do with them . —Given at Our Office ; in the Strand , this twenty-first day of October , one thousand eight haadred and forfy-three . —Punch .
The City Election . —Official Declaration of the Poll . —The Hill was opened ac eight o ' clock oa Moad ^ y morning , when the poll-books were unsealed , aud the Secondaries and their officers proceeded to oast up the poll . Shortly before one o'clock th « hall began gradually to fill , and by h * lf * past one it was crowded . At five minutes before two Mr . Sheriff Musgrove come forward and announced the numbers to be—James Pattison , E ? q 6532 Thomas Baring , Esq , 6307
Majority for J . Pattison , Esq ... ——165 Whereupon he declared that James Pattison , Esq ., was duly elected to serve in Parliament for the City of London . This announcement was received with tremendous cheering . The return was then made out officially a&d signed by the Sheriffs , as the returning officers . Mr . Travers addressed the meeting for Mr . Pattison . Mr-Baring also spoke amidst great uproar . The usual vote of thanks to the Sheriffs closed the proceedings . Kendal Election . —The KendaV " Liberals" have at length selected Mr . Malthusian Dead-Bodt-Biil Waeburton , as their candidate at the ensuing election for that borough !
A Letter from Graef z ( Styria ) , states that a vulture lately pounced down on an infant , ten months old , which a woman had left for a moment on the gras 3 , in a field near Wafz . It carried up its prey , and alighting fifty yards off began to devour it . Some farm r * 8 men ran up , and frightened it away , but f ; he child was so dreadfully torn that it died immediately . Coal King ' s Fortunes—Mr . Buddie , the agent of thd Marquis of Londonderry , has died lately wor'h the enormous puta of £ 150 , 000 , from having been a more pit lad —[ How much of this has been plundered from the poor Miners ?]
We ever doat most on things when they auk wantikg . —Before we possess them , we chase then with eagerness ; when we have them , wa slight them ; when they are gone , we sink Hnder the wing of sorrow for their loss . Infatuated estate of man 1 that { he enjoyateat of a pleasure must diminish ifc ; that perpetuai use must make it lika a pyramid , lessening itself by degrees till it grows at last to a punctual , to a nothing ! Scalded to Death—A mo 3 t distressing accident
beM a young man named Edward Brown , a native of Mod mouth , in the employ of the Messrs . Hall , ot Redbrook Brewery . On Monday Brown was employed washing b jttles , and had heated water in the large copper for that parpose , and having got on the top of the furnace he fell backwards into i $ , and was completely immersed in the scalding water . He got out iiimssif , * nd exclaimed " It is a bad job . " He remained perfectly sindbla and conversed with his friundB to within a few minatea of his ; death , which took place a few hours afterwards . —Bath Journal .
First Importation of Tea into Hull . —Tae cargo of tea . which we announoed last week , as being d » iiy expected , being the first direct from Chma , arrived as this port , on Saturday last , in the fine ship Raymond , M'Kay , master , the property of Thdaias Ward , Eaq . The Raymond was towed up by a steamer , and but few persons were aesambled on cite pier to witness her arrival . We understand the cargo consists of 4 , 897 chests , 2 , 530 half-ohests , 300 lOibs . catty-boxes , and 600 I 3 lbs . boxes , and weighs in all about 60 T , O 0 Oibs . —Hull Advertiser .
The Peers and the Pledge . —The Marquis of Wateriord ) Lord fTaterpark , Lord Rivers , Lord Brook , Lord Lake , the Marquis of Bath , and the Date of Wellington , are meditating the propriety ot " taking the pledge . " The Earl of Fitiwiffiain , Lords Portland , Portmxn , and . Pdriarlington , Viaoount Bt'erliaven , and Lord Alesbnxj , shake their heads , and won't have anything to do with Fattier Mathew . Irish Wretchedness — Prom Edenvale to Lilrnsh is a distance of somewhere about sixteen English miles ; yet along this whole country , although the eastern main road of the county passed through it , I did not pass one single village , nay , not even a single , I will not say regular , but even tolerable
human habitation . The landscape was every where bare and unvaried by treef , the colour of . he land , as far as the eye could reach , most melancholy , that is to say , a brown or dirty red or black , the surface of the whole country , even of the hills and rocks , being covered with peat ; no alternation of green meadowa , and purling streams , and wooded hillS f but all one mass of peat aud moor ; and even when an elevation in the road presented to the eye a more extended view , still nothing was to be seen but a greater extent of peat and moor , of bleak rooks , desolate hills , and ruined hnts . It made mo melancholy to travel through this ooantry ; but how far
more melancholy must it be to dwell here as a glebes ascriptus a servant of some hard master , and , withal , a father of a host of ragged and hungry children . I have seen , in Hungary , Lithonaai , ana the neighbouring countries , dwellings wretched enough , but scarcely in any land have I beheld such miserable hovels as are to be seen here , and , sad to say , in many other parts of Ireland . It is fortunate that the sky is generally dull , and the air so lull of mist and turf smoke , that all this wretchedness is not clearly visible . Were wo able to see every thing plainly and thoroughly brought oat , it would scarcely be possible to endure it . —Kohl .
A Nice Fit . —The Echo Ruchelais relates thats man , nearly eighty-five years of age , residing at Tangon la Ronde , near La RocheUe , having felt that his end was rapidly approaching , and being anxious about the ease that was to enclose , his mortal remains , ordered a coffin to be made according to his own directions , and a few days ago conceived the fancy of trying whether it would fit . The old man , who was ot large bulk , lay 4 own va . " it with apparent ease ; but when he attempted to rise from it , he did not find tha& so easy to do . All his efforts were vain , and he was nearly rendered a fit subject to remain there for ever by his exhaustion . At leng-h , when the old man . was almost dead with exertion and fear , a person happened by chance to enter the room , and released him from the singular position in which his folly had placed him .
Saunders , the Forger . —This unfortaaate youth , who committed adroa forgeries on several of our city banks in the nama of his emyloyers , Ausim and Wilmerding of this city , to the amountof 29 , 000 , dola . and who was taken in Boston last week , has been brought to this city and committed to the city prison . He acknowledges having bad an accomplice , oneiRage , a Frenchman , as it is said , who has also been lodged in prison . —New York Freeman ' s Journal .
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Richmond Corn Market , Saturday , Oct . 21 . — The supply of Grain ia our market to-day was very limited , aad in consequence , was soon bought up , atanadvaace on l » 3 t week ' s pricos . —Wheat from 6 i 6 d to 8 s . Oats 2 s 9 d to 3 * 6 d . Barley 4 a to is id . Beans 53 to 5 j 3 i per bushel . London Corn Exchange , Monday , OcT . 23 afi . — For fresh Wheat up to-dsy tbe demand ruled active , it an advance on last Monday ' s quotations of from .
1 * to 2 s per qr . There was a good show of fine Foreign Wheat . The finest Dantzic parcels were the turn higher , bnt in other kinds no alteration occurred . The best Malting Barley at a trifling rise in value . Grinding and Distilling sorts were a heavy sale . In Malt last week ' s quotations were with difficulty supported . Oats at an improvement in the rates of 6 d to Is per qr . Beans and Peas were taken at our quotations . Flour may be considered the turn higher .
Smithfisld Cattle Market , Monday , Oct . 23 —Tae Beef trade was in a very depressed state , and prices were again on the decline . Tee primeat Scots at from 3 s 8 < i to Si lOd per 8 ibs ; Devoas , rants , Hcrefords , &c ., were 2 d per 81 bs lower . The Mutton trade ruled heavy . Prime old Down from 4 s to 43 4 d p ; . r 8 iba ; all other kinds kinds at a depression of 2 d per 81 bs . Caiyeg 4 s 4 d per 81 bs . For Pigs no alteration to notice in their value . The imports of foreign stock , since our last , have been confined to SO beasts from Spain , and 20 ditt ? from Hambnrgh . Borough and Spital ? i elds . —Potatoes abont late rates . York reds , 653 to 70 s ; Scotch ditto , 553 to 6 ' 2 s ; Devons , 50 s to 60 s ; Kent whites , 403 to 50 a j Jersey and Guernsey , 36 s to 44 s per ton *
Borough Hop Mabke r . —Nearl y the whole of the present year ' s growth : of Hops haying been on sale , a pretty accurate estimate can how be formed of it . That it is not less than last year , is without doubt , as the duty is estimated no higher than £ 130 , 000 . The results , however , of TVeyhill and other large hop fairs has not come up to the expectations of the growers . This afternoon the demand b by n » means active , yet last weed ' s quotations are generally
supported . \ Tallow . —There is bo new feature in this market since our last statement ; prices are abont the Kune , with bat little inclination to do business either on the part ; of speculators or ttie trad « ---the > latter , having generally bought some months since for arT * val , are not in a position to speculate beyond their necessities . There are about 15-000 casks between Landori and St . Petersburgh . The home prodaca is very good . Town Tallow , 42 s 6 d id 43 s ; net cash .
¦ Wool Markets . —So far aa auctions have > wopressed fall pricss have been readily paid , yfhUcit : ia the general opinion an advance wU . br es ^ bltahed ere they are brought to a close . Pnvatelynext to nothing is doing .
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' THE *» ORTHEBN STAR . \ 3
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MABCO BOZZABI 8 . He fell in an attack npon Sre Turkish Camp sX laapl Ifce rite of ttie ancient Plafsu , Angnn 20 th , 1 * 23 md expired in the momenttif victory . Hia last -words trere « To ale for liberty ia a pleasure , and aot a pain /'
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THE MINERS' JOURNAL . No . I . Newcastlenpon-Tyne : T . Dodds , No . 77 , Side . This , as its title bespeaks , is a publication devoted to the interests of the Miners , price One Penny , conducted by a well-fenown advooate of the democratic principle , Mr . William Beesley , late of North Lancashire . Mr . B . ' s tttirling hons&ty , and notorious sturdiness of character , are sufficient guarantees for the uncompromising t-pirit ia which this publication will be conducted ; and the specimen we give below is proof of this . Like most " first numbers , " it is
deficient in many respect * . It is too small ; its contents are not bo judioiously selected as they might be , and the arrangement ot' publishing fortnightly is not generally a good one . W e can understand a local reason lor this last arrangement , which may or may not exist . Instead of attempting to give " news , " which , to say nothing of a more serious objection , must necessarily , from the limits of the paper , be very imperfect , and consequently next to useless , we would strongly urge the propriety of giving original aud selected matter ; the former expository of the wrongs ot the Miners and the means by which they may be remedied ; and the latter devoted to tbe intellectual culture of the Miners , gathered from the inexhaustible stores of knowledge which abound on every side .
But to affect these improvements ( including the suggested enlargement ) , it is absolutely necessary that the conductors should be hearuly supported in their praiseworthy undertaking . We therefore appeat to the Miners , not only of the Tyne and Wear , but also to those of Lancashire , Yorkshire . Scotland , and all other places , to give thoir support , to the Miners' Journal . We hail its appearance as a- useful and necessary auxiliary to us in our labours to make known the wrongs and assert the rights of the oppressed class whose cause it advocates . Its support by that class will go far far to assure us that the Miners are really in earnest , and resolved by every legitimate meanB to work out their emancipation . Tho following are extracts from the opening address : —
" The miners can now boast that their union to them is & tower of strength ; that it has enabled them to accomplish much already ; and that there is a bright proBpeot of accomplishing much mere . In eleven months not less than 40 , 000 of tbe hardy sons of toil bave enrolled themselves under its banners , determined to obtain a fair remuneration for their labour , and no longer to remain the serfs of a class who have hitherto treated them worse than beasts of burden ; they have sent their lecturers throughout the length and breadth of our oppressed country ; who have already given such instruction as has convinced them that a working miner is of more value than all the coal-pit k . ngu ia Christendom . They shall now be taught to the utmost of our bumble abilities that labour is of more value than gold ; and that without labour mankind could not exist ; and that tke splendid carriages in whioh ate drawn tbe bodies of the owners ; the magnificent palates that are baiit vpon our green hiUa and in oar
fertile plains ; the superb furniture with which they are adorned ; the gardens and pleasure grounds by which they are surrounded , and in which are set steel traps andspring guns ; the green-houses and fish-ponds , have mostly been filched from the earnings of the working miners . As a proof that this is the case , we will in some of our future numbers point out individuals who a few years ago were peuuiless , but , after obtaining situations as viewers , and receiving salaries of from thrte to five hundred pounds per year , bave accumulated fortunes of ten or twelve thousand pounds , and bave Brcome coal masters themselves , exercising tbx-ir despotic tyrarny . over those from whose ranks they have Sprung , and whose monuy th » y have cribbed , in tho shape of flDbS , " set out , " and " laid out * ' tubs or corves in cheating the poor miners in the weighing and measuring of those coalB that bave co&t them so much sweat and toil to produce from the dark caverns of the earth ; amidst the unhealthy gases and at the risk of their lives .
" The Pitmen ' s "Union will enable us to do this . It has called into existence a paper that shall , whilst we bave cottroi over it , advocate their rights , and fearlessly defend their interests ; and -we earnestly request our friends to bhAo us acquainted with every act of tyranny that it may I > a exposed . What can -we not do 1 backed and supported in the counties of Durham and Northumberland alone , by 28 , 000 generous and warm-hearted sons of the mice . Have we not a jireof of what they can do when united ? Have they sot given to the world not only a proof of their strength , but of their -wisdom , in the establishment of a paper to make knows their grievances , and to give them every useful information and instruction , and in their selection and
employment of W . P . Roberts , Esq ., the people ' s Attorney-General ? We can with pride defy the intelligent coal owners , amidst all their wealth and with all their learning , to produce the same amount of talent , wisdom , firmness , and discretion Jthat has already been displayed by the coal miners' executive ; and again , with delight , we can point to their lecturers who are now travellingEngland , Scotl&nd , and Wales , diffusing abroad a spirit of union , which , ere long , will teach the coal owners , to their sorrow , that » hey have used the whip with too much severity . This is our first number ; but we confidently believe that we shall receive that support from our friends , that we shall ia a few weeks circulate it throughout every part of the empire . "
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A HISTORY OF IRELAND AND THE IRISH PEOPLE UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF ENGLAND . Part . I . London : Strange , . Paternoster-row . At the present time , when " Ireland and the IriBh" ti the all-absorbing theme , an anxiety is naturally exhibted on the part of the inquiring and liberal-minded portion of the people of England , to know something more than they have hitherto known of the history and condition ot their Irish brethen . The work bofore us is produced to supply this desideratum . The supposition that " the English people wish to remain ignorant of the history of Irelaj d , " as stated by the author or compiler of this work , is as absurd as it is false . The very production of this work is a proof of both ; for we presume it is to English and not Irish readers that the publisher will look for purchasers .
Tbe troth is , that the working classes of England and Scotland , whether we view them as struggling for political or social reforms , are far in advance of the same class of any other country on the laco of the globe . They could not now be tricked as they were in the matter of the Reform Bill . Their con > tinned and unfaltering opposition to the anti-Corn-Law jugglers is proof of-this . They could not now be deceived , as the people of France have twice been . They conld not be made the dupes the people of Spain have : been made repeatedly . They could not make the miserable use of political rights , were they invested with them , that the Americans have
done . Nor , lastly , could they be bought and 6 old , used and trafficked with , as is the case in Ireland , where the masses are blindfolded by mani-worship . No : they have progressed beyond all these follies , and most certainly beyond the felly—the most contemptible of all absurdities , that of regarding with prejudice men of another clime or creed . To charge them with anything of the sort is to libel them ; and however much such libels may be in vogue with the " patriots * ' (!) of the O'Connell and Nation school , they are altogether unworthy of the talented author whose work we have under consideration .
This work is published in weekly numbers at threepence , and monthly partu at One Shilling ; six of which will render it complete . It is printed octavo size , in clear bold type , eighty , pages to the part . Want of time has compelled us for the present to be content with only dipping into the introductory matter and two or three of the earlier chapters . The work is written in a vigorous , pleasing , and often eloqnent style . We should have liked to have Been a brief detail of the " anoient" history of Ireland under its Milesian monarchs , which might have been prefixed without adding materially to the bulk of volume . In the few general remarks given instead ,
we are glad to find that the author has not committed the folly of some of the Hibernian historians who being * more IriBh aad less nice " , have repre-i sented Ireland as being a land of saints , sages , and heroes , —an elysiwn of freedom , philosophy , and morality , before the invasion of the English . What may have been the actual state of things immediately following the time of St . Patrick ; we believe there is not very clear evidence to shew ; but certainly the very reverse of the above must bave been the case at the period of the English invasion . That the country most have been in a wretchedly divided and demoralized state , is sufficiently proven bj the fact of its comparatively easy " conquest by the
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A PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY ; from the French of M . De Voltaire . London : Holy wellstreet . This is the cheap edition of a most celebrated work of the most celebrated author that ever took p » n in hand . Here we have tho entire work , unabridged , in two portable vblumae , neatly " got up , ' ' and embellished with excellent steel-engraved portraits of Voltairb ; and all ; for the " low charge of " 12 s . 1 There is beside , a lengthy memoir of the Author . If the " reading public" do not buy this cheap edition , it will be much to blame ; at least , those portions of it who have any desire to know of Voltaire's philosophy .
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A MANUAL OF PHONOGRAPHY , OR WRITING BY SOUND : a natural method of writing all languages by one alphabet , composed of signs that represent the human voice ; adapted also to the English Language as a complete system of Short-Hand . By Isaac Pitman . Fifth Edition .
1 UE PHONOGRAPHIC CLASS BOOK . THE PHONOTYPlC , AND PHONOGRAPHIC JOURNAL : London Bagsterand Sons , Paternoster row . These are works , introducing to the attention of the public a new meihod of writing 6 ^ Sound . If we may judge from the Reports of the Publio Meetings and Festivals , holden ia different large towns in the kingdom , to commemorato the introduction of Phonography , the system irat least deserving of examination . When we find assemblies numbering " 600 sitting down to tea" to do honour to the discoverer of the science , and his enthusiastic brothers who are aiding him in its practical application ; and when we find one single class of learners numbering 800 , as is the case in Mauohoster at the present , we are constrained to say that there must be something in the system to commend it to pubiio attention .
We learn that in a short time the good folks of Leeds will have an opportunity of hearing the system explained and expouuded . In a few weeks a oourse of Lectures will be commenced , to be followed by the formation of classes , for the study of the science . One feature connected with the labours of the Picmans we must not overlook : they do not confine their teachings to those who are able to pay ; but they freely instruct those who are poor . We do not pretend to understand the system of Phonography . Indeed , we know nothing of it , except what a hurried and ; , cursory glance at the above-enumerated worke has imparted . We cannot , therefore , say anything ia its favour , further than that it appears to as to be deserving of consideration and examination . But we can give the opinions of others ; and shall close this present notice by the following from the Manchester Guardian of August 23 rd , Io 43 : —
" We believe this science to be the only mode , at once philosophical and practical , of writing language by aigna , accurately representing the sjmple articulate sounds , or elements of which all language is composed . In these days or general acceleration , Its universal use would be a grnlt benefit to the civilised -wortd , however chimerical the anticipations of such an extension may and do appear . It has hitherto received far too little attention from those philosophical inquirers , ¦ whoae dicta have ao much weight with tha more prac-
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tical minds of the community . It is is fact a vivid piature and transcript of any , and of every , language spoken on tke earth , having as universal an application as notation of musical signs , with this superiority , that It represents not only sounds like musical notation , but sounds which are the images and signs of' thoughts that breathe and words that barn . '"
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Publications htceived , — " The Grave of Genius ;" " The Valionkl Temperance Advocate : and " Ireland before and after the Union "
Market Intelligence.
MARKET INTELLIGENCE .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 28, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct825/page/3/
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