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KO SURRENDER . ' let the faithless and daunted , whem fear las disinayM , Grrs cp the pnrsnifc of a glorious esuse ; 3 Let the basrfiesrted traitor still practise his trade Of twisting , and twining , and catching at straws ; Xetftie foolish still follow ibi hollow pretence , An 3 the -well-fed Reformer f or * eheap bread * 8 tHl bawl ; We ¦ will ding to the standard of stern car amon sense , And oni "watchword , " . political freedom to alL' * "We never "win barter one tithe of our Charter ; We fear neittiEr fraud , false advisers , cor force ; And oar ship * 'Ko Surrender . '" ( may Heaven defend herli . Shall bear na triumphantly on 1 b oar coarse .
The banner of freedom £ 3 bravely above us ; On the ocean of pnblic opinion we sail : Ihe hypocrites hate , fcnt the honest hearts love us ; And liberty whistles aloud in . the gala God speed tlise , our Uader , nndsunted O ' Connor * Cur vessel rides nobl v with thee at her helm : "C sboxight friend © f freedom , while thon art upon her , GstrnptionV foal "waves they can neTer o ' er whelm-We never "will tarter one tithe of our Coa : ter ; "We fear neither fraud , false advisers , nor force : " And our ship , . "Xo Surrender ! " ( aiay Heaven defend herJj Shall bear us trkmphanUy on in our course .
Tie Tories * strong ships , they nay harass and grieve ns ; But , like true British tars , we will weather the stoim : The piratical Whigs , they may strive to deceive tib By sailing lise tbarts in then- old craft ** Reform ;" And the boats that tack first to this point , then the other , Bs they steer'd by a Cobden , O'Connell , or Sturge , TTe pity tbeir creirs , poor devils J they'll smother , Coinpleltiy engnlph'd in a whirlpeol of sarge . But we never will barter one tithe of our Charter ; We fear neither fraud , false advisers nor force : And our sfcip , " 2 so Serrezider ! " ( may Heaven defend her . '; Shall bear us triumphantly on in our ceurse . Te true-Learied Chsrdsis , be fervent anil zsalcns 1
Xijor Dancombe stands firm on the enemy ' s dec );; Where , by principle bact'd , and a band of brave / el loirs , . He the crszy old craft will soon shatter and wreck . Then xe-organizs , boys , redoatle jonr nnnibsr , And th e den of the dupots with purity sweep ; I * fcthe scuit of Ghaifom ronsa from its dumber , And come forth " like a giant refresh'd wish sleep . " Toi we nfver will baiter one tithe of out Charter ; We fear neither fraud , false advisers , nor force : And -onr ciopi * ' 2 f »» Suir = ader *~* 510 = 7 Heaven defend ha I ] < sftidl bear us triumphantly on in our ceurre . Bz \ 3 AXiy Siott . € ? , SilTcT-Etieet , ManciieEtei .
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THE FLEET PAPERS . Thocfth no admirer ? cf " kings" in general , and oer miEaful of theaevjcf , ** pet not ycur trast in princes , " tts must otvd that we have always regarded " Xing Richard" as an exception to this genera ! xuk 3 and Lave vnUJnjjly awarded out allegiance to xhe factory children ' s monarch . ' ^ rrue , vre have been rasher nncutifnl ** subjects" or lste , seeing teat it is n *> w a considerable time since we lent our aid to extending a knowledge of " His Majesty's proclamations ; * and now , the many dfemands made ¦ n pon us in the columns derotsd to ** Eevievrs / ' pre-Tent us giving any very foil notice of the recent labours of the honest , phflanihropie , and brave u English Gentleicaii / ' Richard Oastler .
la No . 323 VoL III . ( August ttib , 1813 ) , Mr . O 3 st ! er ccnuEtncfed a series of articles on thai object of his , and every other woodman's , sp « ial abhorrence— : hs Kev ? Poor Law . The series is continued through twelve iiinubcrs , and forms a ¦ well-stored arsenal from which she anti-Malthusian may furnish himself with arms ^ culated to carry terror and dismay iato the camp of the enemy , and esable him , like the knight-errant of old , to wage triumphant battle in -the cause of the helpless asd the oppressed . Of -conrte , it "would take the whole of the Star , or nearly so , to ^ do anything like justice to this gallant onslaught of the " good old Jung " upon the enemies of the poor and the foes of "Oid England V best interests . -. Wemustcontens ourselves "Kith the following extracts c" The Old Poor Law was intended to act aa a
protection to the labourti , by giving him employment or relief at the expense of the parish , when he foiind it impossible to find oSier voik , the wages of which ¦ would maintain him and his family . Thas it became the interest of the rate-payers to employ the labourers , when age has put he end to Ms labour , " would maln-^ rring them f sir wages for iheir work , otherwise the tain an hospital for 500 old men , * who had § peat . an labourers won 3 d fall back on the parish rates , and useful life in -adding to the wealth of tbo country—men indirectly obtain from the wealthy parishioners a ¦ who bed not employed their talents in fomenting strife , jjecesssry f rovison for their wants . By that law , the in creating mischief , disorder , and every evil work . " poor were wedded to the land , the land taring side & , astounding revelations of the real stations Tteponui . lefartL ^ mainta ^ anca . Wisdom could not of th MallhMjs £ , are RlTtJi in bu \ sequent nnmhave dev-ed a van more akely to produce and train a hm , « mofasMiiB or ExtrStts Tnm rr . o ^ Jinhurgh loyal and satsti ^ people . ^ R-Tiew , Brougham ' s Speeches , &e . &c . &c . We " The > e ^ Poor I * w , bfin ?* zo «* &y « % M '• 'to : missXi conciude our extracts with a few of the pnpon ike wop for vo Poor LavaiaJ ; was framed in "principles" of Malthawhichthough often to
, , the spirit of «^ nuty the p oor ; tha t is , to make the b 6 fo : re polished , cannot be too eonstaaily kept xeeeiFi rfTS ^ relief aa o ^ ecaonable-as o& ^ srre— before ^ ^ Q ^ jug CiasSeS i as Eli 0 ^ iGK the really as Kfcasse « po ^ blsi—fint . by refuse ° ^ ° ^ atrocious character of a Dot few mouthing Lijalifif and -mAnn a the oaioa woiifconse a » e ttat of des- oera ] 5 » who naYe alwayS endeavoured to pass them-HtHfion ; next , i > y ic ^ kiag the labourer ' s residence in Bely £ . s lS M » . fyjends of tho people" : — the poar-hause as unpleasant and annoying as possible . * -L , L S ^ eisimprisoned-hiswifeaeporatedfrout iim- "& * eD ° S Brougham ; now to his master , andaeir ciMren are c&fined in separate words or Kalttus , who arose some few years ago , to enlighten h ^ T ^ v , brothers and Bisters ar / roTallowed to niankma upon tbos important , but as ,, rt SU- « nderstcod meet His cress betokens his - discrsce-his food has branch of science-the true principle upon which to proved tobepolron ; snd , on the tastimeny of cfficbl feme a preventive check , the pniaential check , to the £ porU , many ; very m ^ ny , by ithavei » een killed . In u ^ mited increase of the people . " I am h « e quoting iac ^ ery fekrg of the hLsn heart has been out- the disciple-now luien fo the master ; - iBged for the avowed purpose of preventing the poor " 'Ishonld propose a regulation to be made , declaring , fromaTailisgtheniKlvpso / ik-xt mode of relief , thus to that no child born from any maniaire , taking place
force ikon to fcJi back vponiJieir own resources . "! T 2 ja consequence is , that toe poor creatures offer iheir labour at th ? iowest possible wages , thereby drivir . $ othtrt into destUuHon . and , in the end , in spite of the cruelty of their re ^ aistioss , filling the union-house , and reducing the return for labour to « uch a low ebb , that to eke out a livelihood , tLeft becomes . a p 3 ft of the labourer's occupation—whit he considers a duty to his family . " SdD , Share bts Q-ousssia * sbo canrot 5 d asy * mploysaest , who , haTing tritd the ¦ cnion-hotyes . prefer a
life of thrfi snd b * ££ sry . is jnmy cases atealing for tha avowed purpwe of tir dfcig a ref use in the gaolB ! The reauiv is , a isjiiom z ^ i ce : tiiu * -3 tlce o ! labourersredscedby tois cf ticEs-aniJs to stroaisg vagrants who have ceased to be customers to ocr manofasturers and farmers ; now , tHs - systein is naturally finding its level in the insolTcixy of our agriculturalists , manufsctnrtrs , and shop-keepers . Hiving thus destroyed the home trade , yon sr e next required to find an " Extension of foreign traded by sffll nisr& ccrnpetiiion , and a further reduction of -n ^ gs .
" The owners of the soil sionld remember ihat it is they themtelvfcs ¦ Bho hsve giTtn weight and energy to the lecturers of the Anti-Com-law Iiescae , by passing and enforcing the y CT P ^ or Ism . Hafl there bet-to no 2 f = w Poor law , there would have teen no Anti-Com-Xaw-Lesgue . " 2 f o oi : e has laboured mere than myself to warn the landlords thai they were tutir o > tn enemies , when they legislated against the iaboisiors . 1 tell them now—and I entreat the Dcke tJ BcckiEghain and the Drike pf Hicfcmond to listen—if ycu will not repeal the New Poor law , yoa must reptal the Corn laiws . Justice demands it—soon necessily wiil Jorct it Those laws canBot long exist together—they ere of antagonist principles .
" The land-owners have placed themselves in the position of banditti , who are forced to strengthen themselves by sercenarits cgtinst the natural and constitutional claimants—the p&cr . Thus the necessity for the Rarai Police is accounted for . not to prefect the property of the landlord ,, but to defend him in maintaining the unjust possession of thai ¦ nbich never belocged io him by right—the poor man ' s iegal share Id the laid I " Tse grccsilwcrk , the foun&atien of my argument , is thericttcf eTirjman to liberty znd Jife , and conseqaeEtly to the means that produce those blessines . This 3 conc « ivc to be the enly condition upon whichiiien can conseni to zne up ths libeiiies of the natural or savage state for the reftreists which are neccSEary when they exchssge it for social life , which is a sp = cies of social coniBsci .
" If it w so , then any statute which , by implication only , tends to fitprive a man of his liberty as a condition iLs : hs shall be Jed , is a la « r in dirsct opposition to the fundamental principle upon which -society was based—s law which virtually releases thosa pasons * hom it deprives frwn all moral allsgiance—places them in aDtsgonitm to the rest of tbeir fellow creatures —and fwesrs them , as a natural duty , by every means tojrek their confiscated rights . In fact , it creates a moral civil war , which only waits for an opportunity to become
physical"For awhile the holders of the confiscated property may remain masters , being enabled , by the power of wealth , to resist the claims of the poor ; but eventually there can . be no doubt the urgent demands ef nature win prevail . In that conflict much valuable property will be sacrificed—many precion * lives ma ; be lost . It mast , however , always be remembered , thai fht nspon sftU&y rests on fhefteaSi of Vie aggrwon , not on those islto Tunx been robbed of their rights 1 " In No . oi , addressing Sir James Graham , he lays : — "Would that I could persuade yon to lead your public character as others see it ;—noisy , because hollow—pswsrless , because dishonest—hated , because revengeful ; const qseutly , eringiiig and despised—ele-Tated , but di « raced—rich , bf % have nothing !
* ' History has fnralsbsd many full-jength portraits of political knaves ; tat the world ' s history now will only have to report the xV $ f progr ^ s , aad fall of tme—Sib JjOiSS GSASAM . "
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And he concludes this Number with tiie following burst of heart eloquence : — " I have studiously abstained from uttering one word on the thousands of cases which present themselves to prove the cruelty and inhumanity of the New Paor Law and of its offic « s . I fe ^ Te not attempted to rouse the feelings of indignation that are ever ready to burst from the breasts of Englishmen when they are told of the agonizing throes which break the heart * of mothers , when their babes are torn from theix arms ; or of that burst ; of anguish which drowns in deepest sorrow , even in the bud of life , an English pauper
child , who , with its thin and delicate hands ( mere thin by famine ) resists the iron grasp cf tbo rude infernal Poor Law official , whs tears it from the fountain of its life—from all it has learned to love!—and then , with brimfnl tyts and sobs , that speak better than words ita extremity of gritf , stretches its little form from the fiend who wreEta it—eomulsively extending its length to reach its anguished mother , now , separated , ; , perhaps for ever , by doers , and walls , and bars!—Tie scalding tears of those mothers and babea may be disregarded bs you—they t-Il as curses on this guflly land—tlity are " bottled" by him who will avenge . '
" I have , Sir , purposely refrained from attempting to ' agitate * my readers , by describing the subuntd but revengeful feelh gs of a father { how niacy English fathers are now in this wretched state I ) w ^ n he is forced by poverty and despotism to witness that scene ! I wonld , however , request you , as the Home . Minister of th * Q-ie * n , to answer the following questions to her ilsjesiy in Council—telling tha Queen , at the same time , that these scenes of horror are created uudtr ths sanction of a law passed with your cpproval . — ' What must be the feelings of ihat man under ihvi pressure ? Wh . it bis disgusj at laws so cruel , at condnct bo unnatural , so mtrciies 3 ? If that man ' s lojuity ehoulU Vanish , who is to blamt ? What respect can 'J : atnian have for property— -ahat reverence for religion itself ? He is aa vutcast—the laws have made him one ! Thick yen that your Royal Mistress can r $ w afford to lose such nitjscis , cr . that arming the pensioners -will . Kake those men 1 © nl ?—ilistaken maa I "
In onr noiice last week of Tttifs defence of Lord Brousham , we reminded ourreaders that to thai " Et&r-eema-n" England principally owed that embodiment of wronjj and crime—the New Po-ar Law . In several of the numbers before us , his " i-ordship" is fairly flayeo . Here is a specimen : — ** It -WB 8 thus that Lord Brougham se&ucedthe House of Peers : — *• ' The safest , and perhaps the only psrfcefc charity , is an hospital for accidents and violent diseases , because no man is secure against such calamities—3 h > » an can
calculate upon , or provide against thorn ; and we may always be sure that the existence of -such an hospital -will in no -way tend to increase the number of patients . KrXt to tiiis , perhaps , a dispensary is tbe safest } but I pause upon tbat , if I regard the rigoor of the principle [ of popuja ' . j onj ; because a dispensary may bo liable to abuse , and because , strictly speaking , sickness u a thing -which a provident man should look forward to and provide ape-inst as part of the ordinary His of life , still , 1 ao not go to the rigorous txtent of objecting to dispensaries .
" Bat -when I come to hospitals for old age , as old age is before all men—aa every man is-every day approaching nearer to that goal—all provident men of independent spirit will , in the vigonr of their days , lap by svjncieni to maintain them v # ien agesshall end their labour . Hospitals , ihere / vre . for tho support of o . 'd men and old wonisji , may , sirictiy speaking , be regarued as iniurioue i 7 > their ejredt cpon the community . Ktveithtieso , tbeir evil tendency snay be counterbalanced by the good they do ' " After reading that sublime efitsion of virulence and nonsense , I a » nst pause , J will take a pipe to preserve my temper—Red obtain another pen—then , if possible , 3 -will proceecl ¦ Well , it is of no aTail ; my disgust continues ! It was Brougham "who nitered those "words — ' jIU provi'isat men of independent spirit will , in the vigour of their days , lay by --euficieni to maintain them when age Bhall end their labour ! " Yea , it wa Brougham who said so . '—Lord Chancellor Brougham ! who , after a -most succesufal career at the bar—after
blushed when he so spoke ? receiving thousands a year fro * n his clients , was at that moment ( though in the receipt of £ 14 000 a year , besides imiaensa patronage ) , obtaining as Act of Parliament to allow himself £ b COO a year ont of the public perse , when-s « is 'labours should end . ' being one thou sand pounds a year mow than had been allowed to any previuus Chancellor I Yes—that was Brougham who acted thus 11 ! No ! indeed—my anter is increased , when I find that such a man should dare to object to ' hospitals for old men and old rumen , ' who , when iu ycnthfnl vigour , commonly obtain precarious labour at f . om Ss . 6 d . to 10 s . a week ; who are to be expected , after maintaining themselves and their families , to ' lay by sufficient to maintain them when ace shall end their labour * 3 ! I wonder if the monster in human shape blushed when he so spoke ?
« That £ a , > € & 0 & year which the old man * now receives ( afier it has been screwed out of the labour of these ' old men and old v > omen of independent spirit *) , " Tbat £ s , Qb 0 & year which tbe old man * now receives ( af ler it has been screweM out of the labour of these ' old men and old iDjmen of independent spirii *) ,
alter the expiration o * a year from tha date of the law , and no illegim 3 te child born two years from tha eamo date , should ever be entitled to parish assistance . ' " After having suggested that * the clergyman of each parish * shonld disgrace himself , ' after the publication of banns , by reading a notice to that eff ct , and giving an address , cautioning the people against the impropriety , and even immerality , of marrying without a pro-pert of supportiEg his children , ' Malthus proceeds . - — " ' After tbe public notice which I have proposed ,
had been given , aud tie system oi poor laws had ceased with regard to the ritintj generation , if any man chose to iniriy , without a prospect of being able to rsj-yori a family , he shonld have the most perfect liberty- so io do . Tfcongh to rasnj , in this case , is , jtj my opinion , clearly an irnmcial act , yet it is not one which society csn justiy take upon ittbif to prevent or punish , because the j ; unisbnient provid ed for it by the laws of satare falls directly £ nd most severely upon the individual who commits the net , and thrcagh him more remotely and feebly on society . '
' What ! do the infants of such parents ' sin azrunst the Ibwb of nature , ' by being born in poverty ?—Malthas proceeds . — " * When natuie will govern and punfcb for us , it 13 p . Very miserable ambition to wish to snatch the rod from her hands , and draw upon ourselves the odium of execation . To the punishment , therefore , of nature he should be left—the puciBhment of want . * " Daath by want is , then , Nature's punishment , awarded and executed by fctrself , on all who are b « rn in circniEstances described by Haltbus—of parents who ' marry without a -prespeet of being able to anpport a family '—nay , more , of all who are born in indigence , no matter what the ' prospects * en the wedding-day J for tbe right of relief wi = l have vanished , and Death is Nature ' s executioner ! At present , I shall be silent , leaving each -reader these spare lines to write his thoughts npon , Mine burn too hot for utterance '
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" Matthus proceeds : — " He has erred is the face of a most clear and precise warning , and can have no just reason to complain of any person bnt himself , when he fctls the constqaenccs of his career . * [ Bat what ef the poor innocent children ? Does nature really award death by starvation to them ?] 'AH p-irish assistance should bs denied him ; and he should be left to the uncertain support of private charity / " This is really too bad , from one who teaches that Charity is a most dangerons and iEJcrions virtue . Why , Sir , if tbe poor wretch wtre relived , Waltbua teaches that tha ' uniabcr of such victims would be increased thereby . ' Bttte ? let Nature p ^ rfomi her own award , and execute her sentence—Death . ' ilonstrous as is the thought , if Malthus and Brougham are right , that is Gxl's will ! How opposite to that revealed in his Holy Word J To proceed . Malthus ssya : —
11 shonld fce tanght to know that the laws of Nature , which are the laws of God , had doomed him and his family to suffer [ death ] for disobeying their repeated admonitions ; that he had no right on society for the smallest portion of food , beyond that which his labour could faitly purchase ; and that if he and bia family wereaaTed from feeling the natural consequences of bia imprudence , he would owe it to the pity of some Knd benetector finiploua thought , more kind than God ij to wnom , t&erefore , be ongat to be bound by the Btrongert tie * of gratitude . '
" Remembering always , that that ' kind benefactor *; * m > ald be guilty of increasing the evil , by encouraging , others thus to Bin against the law * of Nature , which ; are ^ he laws of God '—namely , by marrying when be was not provided wita tbe means of supporting his ; family . " \ And again— "' A man who is born in a world already possessed , if he cannot g 6 t subsisttrce from his parents , on whom be ; has a just demand , and if tbe society do not want hia j labour , has ne claim of right to the anaUest portion of
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food , and , in fact , has r . o business to be where he is . At Nature ' s mighty feast there is no vacant covtr for his . She tells him to begone , and will qaickly execute her own orders , if he do not wotk upon the compassion of some of her guests . ' " Who , tfeen , are to marry ? Not the Queen ; she requires provision for her children after marriag e ; not the Peers : their estates are entailed : not the fundholder ; his property is uncertain and fluctuating : not the clergy ; they have only a Iffe interest : not tbe merchant , banker , or manufacturer ; their incomes are as uncertain as the wind : not the farmer ; his property may be connnned by tfce seasons : not the artisan or labourer ; imder that system they could never be certain of employment ; Who , then , can marry ? Let Brougham answer . Pensioners ? Is it even so ? But , in the NEXT GENEBATJOJJ , WHO WILL PAY THEIR PENSIONS ?"
We too mnst leave our readers to fil' up the lines in blank ; -we dare not trust ourselves with the task-No . 45 , ( November 11 th ) is nearly filled with a letter addressed to Mr . Oastler by " One who has watched you , and never caught you tripping , " in which is suggested a most formidable array of " improvements" in . the " Fleeters " , some of -which are realJy such , and which we should be glad to see carried out . The writer proposes to assist Mr . Oastler in the carrying out of the suggested improvements after the following manner : —
" I propose that the sum of £ 500 shall , in the first instance , be raised in 100 £ 5 shares ; and that , as you go along and feel your way , and prove the ifficfency of your engine , another hundred shares shall bo raised of like amount . How Ss this to be done ? By an appeal to the public especially to your old and steady readers , who reustfi-el that if any man can rtnder secvice to his country by his pen , RieSard Oastler is that m >! n . I call upon the friends of the country to rally around yoa . There will be no lack of candidates for shares . Open yonr list j announce that you are ready to receive the names . I send you mice as a bpgiuning . Put me down for four shares in tho first batch of 100 : and I hope to be a subscriber in tho second batch . Now or never is the motto . And by the 1 st of January , 1844 . yoa must bo in a position to come out with ' Oasttet ' s Fleet Papers , ' new and enlarged series ; and , if need be , with both a stamped nikl unstamped edition . ''
Wo have considerably exceeded the limits wo intended to confine ourselves to when we commenced , this Review ; " and yet how little have we beea enabled to yive of tbe writings of the •? Poor cian's Fneod" ! Perhaps we have -excited a desire to know more : if so , we shall be gratified indeed . Tj the working classes and their friends we ssy read The Fleet Papers , and by every means in your power strive to strengthen the hands of your poreeeuted advocate . We trust that tiio siiKgfcstio'is made above Trill be heartily responded to by Oasilcr g friends , and that we may speedily see the " JFleeter ' s " —worthy as they are now—oven still worthier of the pen of the good end noble Richard Oaatler .
AN ANSWER TO J . H . PARRY ; AND AN EXPOSURE OF THE SELF-STYLED LIBERALS . AND FJiSE TRADERS . By George Wbite . Loudon : Published by the London Vieiini Committee . We have one objection to this pamphlet . It appears to us to be a gross violation of the law against " cruelty to , animaK" for the author to wield his tomahawk with 'he fierceness he has dene in 'his " Answer . " Indeed , replying at all to the redoubtable Humphrey Clinker—we beg pardon—Parry , wo
mean , appears to us to be very liko " breaking a fly upon the wheel . " True , there is some excuse lor Mr . White . -Immured in a prisor . for bis-honest advocacy of the pi inciples which the " shoy-hoys" he il exposes" have laboured to use for their own ssl-• fi * h eadfi , he naturally ieele indiunant at tho vile hypocrisy of the masked deceivers , who assume to bo the only incarnations of patriotism , and who have the aadacuy to arraign othor men whose fault has been that they wouJd cot iillow these pedlars" to make sale and profii of the Chartist masses .
Some few weeks since appealed A Letter to Feargua O'Connor , Esq . " from the pen of Mr . J . H . Parry , which we did not notice at the time , simply because we thought it not worth that honour . Mr . White who appear ? to be of a different opinion , thus speaks of the new-fledged Barrister ' s precious production : — " Your pamphlet is certainly a literary gem—on a small scale . It must have given you a vast deal of trouble to stow away such an itnmsnse quantity of scurrility in such limited space . Never mind . Yon have made a bwk—and bs every book or tract must , have a title page , so of course must yours —and we thus receive an addition to our stock of knowledge , in the £ e « "t , that John Humphrey Parry is a Barrister of the Middle Temple I ! . It is tbe only mode by which a yoncg and briefless barrister can advertise himself ; and you have taken good cara to begin in time . "
In the following quotation our author opeo . fi fire upon the pamphleteeriug Barrister , pouring in grape and cannister after a fashion which will be everywhere recognized as a ** mode of warfare" for which " honest George'' is famous : — "I am perfectly convinced , that it is not so rauoh to the hatred of your clique for Jlr . Feargus O'Connor , tbat we are indebted for your tresby production , as to your burning desire to p 3 ay the dictator yonrs 6 if ; and allow me to arid , for your comfort , that if Mr . O'Connor were ' got rid of * to-morrew , you and the little knot of'iHtellectna ! -monil-forC 3 ' ond philosophical Chsurtists would be as far from the consummation oi your darling object as ever .
•• Tee CjartisU of England are neither blind nor fieaf : they have long vatchad the iua : ceavres of the London aialttusian clique , ' assisted by a few dissatisfied would-be - leaders in other parts of tbe country . They have witnessed the various subterfuges to which you have resorted , in order to constitute yourselves a sort of Board of Directors' to the Cbaitist body ; and have they uniformly rejected your repeated attempts to fasten yonr miscraSle speculations npsn them . " Now , before you took it npon yourself to denounce and villify 'Feargta O'Connor and his tools , " you might have condescended to show us Vfhut you and your clique had done to entitle you or them to the people ' s confidence . The tree ia known by its fruits . Lst us see yours .
" When public meetings have been held in furtherance of Chartist principles , hare the 'IiueJlectuala ' attended ? When petitions were being got up In favour of tho Charter , have the ' Philosophers' assisted ? When contributions wer" solicited to support the families of imprisoned Chartists , have the Respectables ' subscribed ? Verily , Mr . Barrister of the Middle Temple , these art questions to which the Working lien of England "Kill if quire an answer before they adopt you or yonr brethren as their political mentors . " Mr . W . followa up this cannonade by guch an unmasking of tha " artful dodgers" as will effectually show to the public the real characters of these uneasy , because erer-foi 2 ed , ever-disappoint >; d , schem * frs . To the paraphlot itself we now refer our readers , assured that they will peruse it with uo email amount of tatisfaclien . We faery it will puzzle the Barrister , wiih all tbe " intclUcuals" ai his back , to reply to the knock-down " exposures" of Mr . White's * ' answer . "
PALEY REFUTED IN HIS OWN WORDS . BY GEORGE JACOB IIOLYOAKE . London , Hethcrington . Thi 3 little woik is the production of a man who , though young ia year ? , has already done good service to the cause ot trnth by bis unprejudiced and fearless enquiries into systems " founded in fraud , upheld by force , " and the courage with which he has maintained the sacred right of free discussion . Holding peculiar opinions on the systems of theology at prefent commonly received , —opinions which have been held by some of the wisest and noblest spirits who
have graced this earth of onre , —he has boldly asserted them hi thet * i&thof prejudice and in defiance of priestly usurpation . For bo doing he has suffered dungeoning and persecution ia varieus shapes ; yet has he nevtr for one moment faltered in what he has felt to be the path of honesty ; which is , as the world may aeknwledge some day , " ihe beBt policy , " all trick , and fraud , aud "expediency" notwithstanding . Mr . H . is a man , ivho while he has unflinchingly , advocated hi 3 owa views , has always done so in a disniiisd and candid manner , and therefore will commaad a hearing with all seekers after truth , all opponents of error .
To the overturning of Paley s celebrated argument of" design" Mr . Holyoalie has applied himself in the work before us : — '' It ia well kno ^ n that Paley baass We argument upon the watch illustration . It is saM tfcat he borrowed the idba from Condillac . Lord Brougham says that he was indebted for it to D ¦ rhs . m , who , it is supposed , plagiarised it from Cicero , wlio first nsed it to prop up the falling god 3 of the Pagans . But if be who first develops an idea is not so much tbe originator of it as be who so loudly and perseveringly pnslaims it , that all the world understand its nature , then must Paley be regarded as the originator of the design ai gument . And so well did Paley execute his task , tbat though his wotk has often been illustrated , it haa never been superseded . It has been the arsenal whence modern theologians have drawn their weapons—their helmets have nodded with hiB plumes , and their arms
have been nerved with hia strength . Se highly has been estimated what Paley has < lone , that it baa been thought sufficient to mature his reasonings , and consolidate bis conclusions . Lord Brougham , In bis Piseotmes on Natural Theology , ha * not attempted to set f reah trees in toe theological garden , bnt has been satisfied to cultivate those which Paley planted . His lordship is content to Iogictee Paley ' s work . Up and down the walk of design , which Paley made , and gravelled , and soiled , Professor Whewell , and all fee wxiterB of Bridgewater Treatises , promenade . In fine , the whole eight of the Sridewater Treatises adduce many illustrations , but add no new principles . They all pass the gulf of theology over one bridge—the pons assinorum of design , it is very important to notice this , because it proves that Natural Theology is still where it was—it is still confined to ene principle , the argument of design Xboaglj peacterpus volumes hare been written to-
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illustrate , not a single line has been added to enlarge , its Sac Hutcitt ' s History of Priestcraft shall be noticed ba ? ' ?* '__ . : next week . I
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Mr- Holyoake then proceeds to lay down Paley's argument clearly , fairly , and impartially . On this point tne most captious will-not venture to complain . Whatever view the reader may take of Mr . H . ' s conclusions , sore we are of one tbinR , that he must be satisfied with the fair play allowed to Paley ' s arguments ;—" I hope , that upon examination of Paley ' s treatise , every admirer of tfcaS author will be of opinion that I have stated hia argument fairly . I have striven to present it in the most forcible manner , and I balteve have presented it in a more connected and concise form than Pa ! ey haa left it . Indeed , I can have no motive to misstate or garble his views , since it is my intention to admit them . The more clearly they appear at the commencement , the better will be understood
continuamy Hon . The more strikingly I present his argnraent , tha more strikingly will appear his own refutation cf it . For these reasons , the reader , I think , wUl not fail to perceive that it fa aa much ray interest , as it is my duty , to state Paley with freedom and fairness . Really was I conscious that the slightest necessity existed for me to conceal an argument of the author I reply to , which i in honour I ought to state—if the slightest necessity existed for me to torture his language to make out my case I Would instantly threw this book away , because I am fully-satisfied that no book deserves tba attention of mankind , and no cause is worthy of their notice which weeds dishonourable support It is my opinien that no-principle put forward by crooked means will ever stand long . It does not deserve to stand—and it is my deliberate hope that it never may , "
In the world's present state ef mental infancy , thi 3 paper wouitl uot bo a firtin ^ arena fortheoJo » ical combatants ; we tfierefore decline entering into the arguments pro and con . Tho book is neatly got up aud is a perfect embodiment of multum in pa-mo , consitmng of but about forty pages . It is explicitly and fore bly ponnod ; and te all enquirers who are bold- , enough to be-honest ^ and honest enough to be boid , " will fee found a , valuable acq-iisition .
THE ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ALCOHOL , Nos . 1 and 3 . By Dr . F . R . Lees . Report of a Medical Discusiion hold at Framlins ; - ham , Suffolk , March 20 ih , 3843 , between Dr . Loes , and W . Je ^ ffrason , Esq ., Surgeon , on the the Nature and Uses of Alcohol . The Sacrtd Writings ^ Rescued from tho Profane Perversions of Moderate Poison Drinkers ; being an Address , &c , bj Dr . Lees . Lcadon , iirittain , Paternoster Row .
w hatever may bo thought of the vjowa of Dr-Laes , ho man can mistake that he is in euraest , and this i 8 one of the eoaretn of the Doctor ' s fiuccoss . Let any man be in earnest in his search after truth and though ho may stumble and go wrong ia tbe earlier stages of his pil <; rimnge , he will uot fail to win the wished-for goal at last . Nay , morcj ; let the world : see that ho k really in earneBt , and though he may at the outsat ot his career be despised and ridiculed as a -foolish < nthu * iast , he will in the long run have the respect of mankind , and be held up as one of . the cn-liKhioners and benefactors of the human race . ; Just such a man appears to us to bo Dr . Lees . We are most decidedly opposed to many of his known views : but vfe neverthelesn wish him '" God speed" in his earnest and honest strngsled to put down error , and estabJish truth .
Wo"hardly need say a word upon the works before us : they spoak for themselves . Tho Parts ( price one shilling aud sixpence eachy of the Illustrated History oj Alcohol , are got up in a really beautiful ptylo ; and contain seven highly fiuished plates illustrative of the effects of intoxicating liquors upon the stomach . They form a sort of panorama Cnauacoua to the sight wo admit , they oould wot b& otherwise ) of the stomach of thoi drunkard itt the several stages of his debaucheries from ' * Moderate Drinkiug" to confirmed , regular , and beastly drunkenness ; and certainly exhibit a st&rtH-ng pit euro of the ravages of Alcohol upon tho human frame . We give the following extra . ee from No . I . of th « Illustrated History of Alcohol , relative to what the writer calls
" IHE FAT-FALLACr . " i " Tie pernicious ir . flueuca of alcohol upon tbe fnnc-1 tion of respiration , is further proved by tbe theory of Liebig , concerning the formation of fat . The fat- ' fallacy is a very prevalent one , and therefore it may J not only be interesting , but instructive , to devote a j short time to its exposition . . " My attention was directed to this subject seven years ago , when , in a public discussion at Masham , my minis-, terial opponent urged tho chemical objection , that ale I made-men fat , and that it was well known to farmera { that malt fed cattle faster than barley . ' , , I ; ;
" I iaen contended that fatness was no proof of health ; or strength , but rr . ther , beyond the mest moderate : degree , oh indication of disease , the result of an im- j pure condition of the circulating mass . This is evident i from many facts . Look at the jockey who is training the tacer for hia greatest ftaVuf speed and strength—' does he fatten him up ? Nj , hv sweats him down . Fat , is not Jicsh ; not ncirvo or muscle , uputi which activity ' and power depend ; it is a mare lifeless , uuorg . inisea \ compound , cant cut of the system as superfluous , dos- titute of nitrogen , ( an essential element of every living ' part ) and therefore a mere incuiabraucQ to the system In putting forth its greatest physical powers . Di > es any j one tmnginethat the stall-fed prizi ox , bo fat tbat be can scarcely w ; i ! k , ia healthier and stronger than be would be roaming his native bills ? i : i j ' i ' ; 1 '
Health ; and strength dopni upon fresh air , and the devolopment , by meana of exercise of the muscular flore of tbe system where-is fat is prevented by the free respiration of fresh nir induced by exercise . Cittlo exposed to cold , and subject to constant motion , never grow fat . It is the tame with men as with other animals . The Arab of the desert , who is in cons t ant exorcise , exhibits air . tiss of nevve and muasle which enables him to undergo ac aiuouut of fatigue almest incredible ; but he is never fat , thuugh he ia healthy ,
and will frequently attain a patnarcaul age . So with the abor ^ icai tribes of North America . Mr . Catiin states , thut they eu joy great health and attain groat age when not cut off by accident or war , aud that they exhibit the finest specimens of physical prowess and stature . Daring a residence of eight years amongst them , ho never met with a fat Indian . As fatness increases with tbe ab * ecce , and diminishes with tho presence , ot the two chief conditions of hea , hh ami strength , ( fresh air and exercise ) - it follows , that , other things being equal ,. WHATEVER TENDS TO INCREASE FATNESS ,
MUST IEKJJ TO DECREASE HEALTH AND STRENGTH . " Pi >' ftssor Liebig has advanced a very probable theory regarding the cause of these- facts , and the origin of iiit- ^ - ^ hieb will more completely answer the obj ections autter discussion . " We have no room for Liebig ' a " theory ; " but instead tVreot give the following exiracts from the Medical Discussion , with which wo mu ^ t conclude this notice . "I bava the testimony of a gentleman in this hall ( Mr . Mann ) that exposure to Wet and eold , during tbe nittht , aa a coast guura ; or as au agrvcalturlst dutiug
tiie uay ; or in iravelliug , unlet great privations , amidBt ih > snovfs of Labrador , oau be butter sustained u » tWoar : nt < xcatir . K Jiq' « r tban with ft . After caving been wrecked once umidst the Icebergs , this gentlem . s ^ informa rue , that the crew had to nud their way back over the soo wt , > o C . iua iii , a diotaiica of man } iiuudrert miles . The cold wus intense . Toe captain ' s patcy , of whi ph he wn 3 one , used tbea ! couo ! outwardly , by ateeping their ruitten * anri stockings in ibe rum , and they a ) J arrived safe ; VyJiiift the other pirties , who took their rum inufardlj / . suffered severely from the frost , and lost aevfiral Of their company .
" The late William Cobbett , M . P . for Oldham , in his younger days was a si . ldier in Ciua- ' a . Jn a letter ( reisublished in the Standard Temperance Library ) , addressed to tbe ladies of England , and dated January 17 , 1820 , entitled ' A Plan for the promoting of Sobriety aud Frugality , ' he thus gives bis decided and conclusive testimony on this point : — " It is slid , as an excuse for the use of spirits , that they keep out the cold . Lot a man e-nce persuade himself of that , and he will soon flud that they keep off the heat ! That they drive out the heat , is very certain ; for , in thn northern para of America , vjQera the cold is so gieat that people are frequently frostbitten , and arts coMipfelitU to have their feet or Bauds cut off , It is a caution alw . > s given to those who are likely to be exposed to th , « wvet > ty of tbe weather , not to drink any spirits before they ao out Aiid , thou / h I have knowu
HUiny persons fiozjii to death , and a great many mure to have their limbs cut off , I hardly recollect a single instance in which tha oi . ffjring party had not taken sph-ituoua liquors en bis wr . y or before he went out . Spirits are very cheap in ttioae countries . A bottle of turn for sixpence . Of couvse thoughtless niua will use them . I have u hundred times gone out fib soling or hunting upon the snow along wiia oshers , e . icU cf wkom took a canteen of rum , while 11 -ok none . I used to suck the snow , whiiih they told me would give wa the pleurysie ; but I foun- that I never had tLtf plou , jaie , aiul that mnny of them had . Aud as to ability to travel and t-9 bear the cold , tnougu many of luy companions were much stronger and more active th : in myself , I always found that , at the end of the day , I was the freshest , and by far tho most cheerful of then ! all .
" 'All strong liquors , be tbey of what sort they may , and in an exact proportion to their strength , tend to disable the frame from enduring the cold ; tend to make the person chilly . The reason , is this , that thej stupi / y the mind and at tha same fchm they , in a greater or less degree , benumb the body . Consequently they tend to render it more susceptible of the injurious effects of cold . '" THE PHILANTHROPIST : a Monthly Journal DEVOTED TO SoCUL , POLITICAL , AND MORAL KEF 0 B 5 IS .
The present month ' s number of this well-oonductod periodical contains som ^ excellent articles . We caurioi . find room for an exuaor ,, but cordially recommend it , as a publication weli worthy tho Export oi those who advocate the true and veritable y : iucipl « s of " Civil and Religious Liberty . "
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Publications Received —Graham ' s Lecture on Chastity ; The Heal ttiian ; The Speech of Mr . G . G Bay ; and a number ' of Tracts .
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L 1 PE IN RUSSIA . ( From the Review o / j" Bi Custine's Empire of the Czar" in Taifs Magazine for November . )
THE BUSSIAN PSASANTRT . About ten leagues from Petersburg , on his way to Sohlusselbarg , M . deiCuetine entered a kind of inn ; lie says : — ; " It was the first time I had seen the peasants in their houses . An immense -wooden shed , plank watts on three sidts , plank flooring and piank ceilng , formed the hall of entrance , and occupied the graat ^ r patt of the rustlo dwelling . Notwithstanding tha tree currents of air , I found it redolent of that odour of onions cabbagen , and old greasy leather , which Russian villages ami Russian villagers invariably exhale . " A . low and confined room adjoined this immense shod . It reminded me of the cabin of some river boat ; ¦ wal ls , ceiling , fi or , seate , and tables , vrere all of wood , rudely hewn . The fsraell of cabbage and pitch was extremely powerful , i
" In this retreal , almost deprived cf air and lightfor the doors wera low , and the windows extremely small—I found an old woman busy serving tea to four or five bearded peasants , clothed in pelisses of sheepsbin , tbe wool of which is turned inwards ; for it has already , and for some days past , become rather cold . These men -were of short Biatare . Tueir leather pelisses were rather tasteful ;! but they were T « ry il ! scented * : I know nothing except tha petfwmes of the noblaa that could be more so On tbe table stood a bright copper kettle and a tespot . \ The tea is always of geod quality , well made , and , if it { Is not preferred pure , good milk is every where to be obtained .
" The red or blue ; etiirt of the peasants is buttoned over the cu ! iar-bone ] and drawn close round tbe loins by a girdle , above which it lies in antique folds , and below forms an open ; tunic that falls over tbe pantaloon , The long Persian robe , often left open , which , when the men do not work , partly covotb this blouse ; the hair worn Jong , and Batted on tho forehead , but shaved
, close behind rather \ higher than the nape , so as to dis-; cover ell the strength « f tbe neck . " The common orders in Russia are nmusing knaves . tbey may be easily led if they are not deceived ; but a * , sooa as they see that their masters or their masters ' , agents lie more than themselves , they plunge into the I lowest deptha of i falsehood and meanness . They , who would civilize ja people must themselves possess ( worth of character-4 the barbarism of the serf accuses the corruptness of the noble . Dirtiness is very conj spicuous in the country ; but tbat < .- £ the bouses and ! the clothes strikes me more than that of the Individuais . Tiie Russians tak * much care of their persons . Their vapour baths , it is true , appear to us disgusting ; and I
should for myself muob prefer tha contact of pure water ; still these boiling fogs cleanse and strengthen the body , though they wrinkle tho skin prematurely . ¦ S y virtue of their use , tbe peasants maybe often seen with clean beards and hair , when as much cannot bs said foe their garments . Wavm clothing coBts money , and has to be worn a long time . The rooms , also , in which they think only ef protecting thsmsalves from tbe cold , are necessarily less aired than those of southern people . Of the air j ' tliat purifies , the Russians are deprived for nine months in the year ; so that their dirtiness is tather the inevitable effect of their climate than -of their negligence . !
" When they work bare-headed , they remedy the ini convenibnee ot theii tong hair by binding it with a kind of diadem , or fillet mode of a riband , a wreath of rushes , or of some other simple material , always placed with care , and whi « h looks welt on t&e young people ; fur the men of this race have in general finely-formed ; oval heads , so thatitheir w < xking head-dress becomes an ornamtnt Bat j what aliail I say of the wome ' iif AU whom I have hitherto seen have appeared to me repulsive . I had hoped in this excursion to have met some fair villagers ; jbafc here , as at Petersburg , they are broad and short in figure , and they gn-d their forms at the shoulders , a little above the bosom , which spreadB freely under the petticoat . It is hideotts ' Add to this voluntary deformity large men's boots , anA a species of riding coat , or jackat of sheepa-skin , similar to tho pelisses of their husbands , but , doublesa through a laudable economy , [ much less gracefully cut , and far more worn ; falling , indeed , literally in rags—such is tbeir toilette . i
" Tbo Russian peasants are tho only females in the world who have taken it into tbeir heads to make themselves a waist above instead of below the bosom . Their shapeless eacka lather than gowDS , are drawn together close under jthe arm-pits . At tbe first s < gBi , their entire person gives me the idea of a bale or large loose parcel , in which all the parts of the body are confounded together- without care , aad yet without liberty . But this costuma has other inconveniences rather difficult to describe . Oue of the worst is , that a Russian female peasant could suckle her child over her shoulder , as ds the Hottentots . Such is the Inevitable deformity produced by a fashion which 4 estroys the shape of the body . The Circassian females , wiio better understand the beauty of woman and the means of preserving it , wear , from tbeir years of childhood , a belt round tbe waist , which they never cast off . " i
I j I RUSSIAN VILLAGES . : " The appearance j of the villages is monotonous . A ' village consists always of two linea , mora or less ex 1 te ^ aea , or wooden cottages , regularly ranged at a oerj tain distuqee backwards from tbe road ; for , in general , j the street of tho village is broader than the embankment ! of the highway . Elch cabin , constructed of pieces of I roughly-hewn woodj , presents its gable to the street . I All these habitations are of similar construction ; but notwithstanding tbeir wearisome uniformity , an air
' of comfort , and even prosperity , nypears to rsigri in ! the villages . They ! are rural without being plctur-I eaqae . J ! "A few villages , becoming less neat in proportion as the distance from I Petersburg increases , saddon tbe landscape instead nffeuilvening it The houses are only j piles of tfea trunks of'trees , badly put together , and sup-1 porting roofs of plnnk , to which in winter an extra cover of tijaic ' j is sometimes added . Theso dwellings j mu 8 t be warm , but their ,, ippearanco is cheerless . The | rooms are dark , anfijtainted for want of air . They have 1 no beds . In summer the inmates aieep on benches which form a divan around the walls of the chamber .
and , in winter , < m \ the stove , or on the floor around j it In other words , a Russian peasant encamps all ¦ Ws life . The word reside implies a comfortable 1 mode of life ; domestic habits are unknown to this pbople . " I I RUSSIAN AMUSEMENTS . ! ** The see-saT » isi tha favourite amusement oF the , Russian peasants . This exorcise developaa their natural i ulent far adjusting : tho equilibrium of tho body ; in j addition to which , fit is a silent pleasure , and qu ( eS ¦ diversions beat accOEd wita tha feelioga o £ a people 1 rcniir-red prudent by f < jar . ! " Science presides . over all tli < - festivals of thu Russian i villagers . They drink pienlifuliy , sp « ik li' -tle . and sbout less ; they either remain silent , or sing ia chorus , ' with a vnsal voice , ; melauclioi . y and proicD ^ eJ notes .
i . . \ Oa Suu < 1 ; ty , in passing throui ; h populous villages , Ijobeevve'l rows of from fuu" to eight young girls balancing themselves , by a senrc «' y p ^ r' ctp-ti' > le luwwinent of their boditsa , oa boatds suspeadkja i by rvpea , whlie at ' a little distanca bdjocd , an-equal uumbtr of bojs Werje fixed in the same m . ; uner , in face * f their females . Their mute game lasted a long time ; I have ne 7 or had patience to wait its conclusion . Such genii *; balancing is ] only a kind of inteiiuvie , frhich i serves as aralaxitioa in the intervals of the Jiaiaiated i diversion of their real swing or see-saw . This is a very lively game ;[ it even renders the spectators i nervous . " 1
THE KREMLIN AT MOSCOW . « Tbe -word wa'ls gives an idea of quite too ordinary an object ; it would deceive tbe reader : the wilia of the K omll ; i are a jchain of mountains . This citadel , reared on the confines of Europe aud Asia , ia , as -compared with ordinary ramparts , what the Alps are to our hills : tbe Kiomlin is tbe Mont Blanc of fortresses If the giant that is called tbe Russian Empira bad a heart , I snouUi say that the Krsmlin was the heart of U ?« monster ; but , as it ia , I would call it theIwad . I wiaii I could give eJn id&i of tbia mightv pile of stunus ,
reared step by step into the heaveM ; this asylu ' ai of despotism , raiseii iii the name of liberty : for Mic Kremlin wa 3 a bamar opposed to the Cfcluiues by tiia Russians : hs wa ! ls h « vt < q ' . ally aided the indtipfinlpence of tha Statt | -an 4 the lyrauny of the ^ ViTaurn . Tiioy UTs bnldly cariiad over the doep sinuositiiss oi the soil . Wiien tiie deciimies tf the hiilocEH become too precipitous , the rabp art is lowered by etops -. thes .: kteos , rising between hea ven and earth , are enormous ; tbJf are the ladder far the giants whounke war against tbo coda . i
" Above a long vault , which I crosssd , I perceived a raised viiidncfc , by which carriages and foot passengers enter the holy city . f Tbe spectacle was bevr-litering ; notciag hat towers , jgates , and terraces , raised ons above the other , steep slopes , and piled arches , all serving to form the road by which tha Moscow of the present day—the vulgar Moscow , is left for the Kremlin—the Moscow of iniraclei and of history . These aqueducts ,
without water , support other stories of more fantastic edifices . I observed , raised upon oae of the hinging passages , a low round tower , all bristling with battlements of spear heads . The silver brightness of this ornament contraated eingularly with tbe blood . r&d of the walls . The tower seemed like a crowned giant standing before tbe fortress of which he was the guardian . j " L ' . ke the bones of certain gigantic animals , the Kremlin proves tojus the histery of a world of which we might doubt until after seeing the remains . In this prodigious creation ! strength takes the place of foauty , caprice of elegance ; it ia like the dream of a tyrant , fearful but full of ( power ; it has something about it that disowns the iage ; means of defence which are adapted to a system of war that exists no longer ; an architecture that bias no connexion with the wants of modern oivilizatioii ; a heritage of the fabulous ages , a jail , a palace , a ! sanctuary , a bujwiwk against tbe
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nation ' s toes , a tortile against the nation , " a prop o tyrants , a prison of people—3 Uch la tho Kremlin . * * Such , then , was the chosen abode of the old Muscovite princes ; and yet thest ) formidable walla were not suftie . ' ent shelcer tor the terror of Iran IV" The fear of a man possessing absolute power I * the most dreadful thing upon earth : ¦ * and . with all the imagery of this fear visible in the Kremlin , it to still impoaaibie to apptoack the Ktemlln without a shudder . " Towers of every form , round , square , and witn pointed roofs , balfries , donjons , turr 6 ts > spires , sentry * boxes upon minarets , steeples of eTery height , styteii and colour , palaces , domes , watch-towers , walls , en > battleiDsnted and pierced with loop-hole * , ramparta ,
fortifications of every apeeies , wfeimsical inventions , incoinprehensible devices , chiosks by the » dde , of cathedrals—nverything announcea violation and disorderevorvth « ng betrays the constitutions' surveillance necessary " to the security of the singular beings who . wae condemned to live in this supernatural world . Yet these innumerable monuments of pride , caprice jpluptueusness , glory , and ptety , notwitbslandingjkhek appareut variety , express one Bingie idea -wilica reigns here everywhere—war maintained by fear . The Ksemlin is the work of a superhuman beiv . g ; but tbat being is malevolent . Glory in slavery—snclt is the aliegoi-y figured by this satatttc aonument , ' aai extraordinary in architecture as the visions of Si John are in poetry . It is a habitation which would suit some of the pursonaees of ihe Apucaiytse .
• ' To inhabit a place like tbe Kremlin is not to reside , it is to defend one s self . Op preEsion creates revolt , revoh sblig-ss precautions , precautions increase dangers , and this long series of actions aud xeactioTlB en § ftuders a monster ; that monster is despotism , which has built itself a house at Moscow . The giants of the antediluvian woild , were they to return , to earth to visit tbeir detsaerata successors , might stili find a suitabla habitation in tbe K ;* > raim , Everything has a symbOr lical tmr . ae , whether purposely or not , m its architecture ; bat the real , the abiding , that appears after yoa lifl' ? e divested yourself ot * your first emotions in the contemplation , of these baibatio splencloara , is , aftet
all , only a congregation of dungeons pompously surnamed palaces and cathedrals . The Russians may do their best , but they can never come out of the prison . Ti > e very climate is an accomplice of tyranny . The cold of the conntry does not ptrniit the oonsiraction o ! vast churches , where the faithful would be fKzaa at prayer : here the soul is not lifted to heaves by the glories of religious architecture ; in this z me man can only build to his God gloomy <* t « mjo « 8 . The sombre Cathedrals of tbe > KremJLi , witk their narrow vsuits and thick walls , Ktenible cavca ; they are painted prisons , just as the pabces are gilded gaols . A 3 trvveiters say of the recesses of the Alps , so ot the wonders of this architecture—tney are hurribly beautiful .
" Ocaer nations bi , je supparted oppression , the Russian nation has loved it ; it lovts it still . Is not such fanaticism of obedience characteristic ? It may not , however , be d&nied that this popular mauia has beta sometiiiit-a became tbe principle of sublime actions . In this inhuman la&d , if socitty has depraved the individual , it has not eservated him . * be is not good , but be is also not contemptible . Tbe same may ba said of the K euilin : it ia not pleasant to behold , but it inspires awe . It ia not beautiful , but it ia terrible—terrible as the reign of Ivan IV , "
MOSCOW AND ITS MORALS (?) " The hospitable customs of ancient Asia , aad tb . 9 elegant language of civilised Europe , nave met together at this point of tbe globe , to render tife pleasant and easy . Moscow , flxert on the limits of two continents , marks , ia the middle of the earth , a spot for rest between London und Pekin . " Moscow fs , of all the cities in Europe , the one ia which tha dissolute man of the fashionable world has the widest fie'd for his career . The Government is too •* tfll-inf armed not to know that under an absolute rule some kind of revelt mast somewhere break out ; but it prufers that this revolt should be in manners rather than in politico . Here ties the secret of the license of the one par&y aud the tolerance of the other .
" Intemperance is here carried to such excess , that one of the nun the most liked , and whose society is tbe most courted in Moseow , disappears overy jeat ' for six weeks , neither more nor less . If it be asked what has become of him , the answer , 'be is only gone-to have a fuddling bout' ! satitfies everybody . The Russians have too muefl levity to be vindictive ; they are graceful debauchees . " Among the traits of shameless blackgcardlsm related of these young patricaus , Europe , we believe , could not parllel the following , nor indeed , any other quarter of the globe . " One boasted of himseif and his brothers being the sobs of the footmen and the coachmen of their father ; and he drank and made tbe guests drink , to the health of all his unknswn parents . Another claimed tbe honour of being brother ( on the father ' s side ) of all the waiting-maids of bis mother .
" Many of these vile boasts are no doubt made for the sake of talking : but to invent such infamies in order to glory in them , shows a corruption of mind that proves wickedness to the very core—wickedness worse even than that exhibited in the mad acUonaof these libertines . " According to them , the citizens' wiyea in Moaco * are no better than the women of rank .
RUSSIAN TYRANNY ^—ITS HeKEOES AHD CRIMES . "In Russia , tbe Government interfere with everytbin ^ and vivifies nothing . In that immense empire , the people , if not tranquil , are matej . d © aUi * ao '»^ r » . oi 5 oxn ail he »< iB , and Bttikes capricioosly wnoin'it pTeasea . Man ifcero has two coffins—the cradle and the tomb . The Russian mothers ought to we « p tbe birth more than the death of their children . "I do not believe that suicide is common there : the people suffer too much to kiil themselves . * * " But if the number of suicides in Russia were ever ; so great , no one would know it : the knowledge of
numbers is a privilege of tbe Russian police . I ant ignorant whether they arrive correct before tha eyes of the emperor ; but I do know that no misfortune Is published under his reign until he has consented to the humiliating confession of tbe superiority of Providence . The pride of despotism is so great that it seska to rival the power of God . Monstrous jealousy ! into what aberrations bast thou not plunged princes and subjects ! Who will dare to love truth- ^ who will defend , it in a country where idolatry is the principle of of the-constitution ? A man who can do everything ia the crowned impersonification of a lie .
' ' The Ufa of tbe Russian people is more gloomy than that of any other of the European nations ; and when I say the people , I speak not only of the peasant attached to the soil , but of the Whole empire . * ? ' - Tke Emperor appears to me little disposed to lay down a part of bis authority , L ? t him suffer , then , the responsibility of omnipotence : il ia the Brst expiation of the political lie by -which a single inaividual declatba bimseif absolute master of » country , and allpowerful sovereign of the the thoughts ef a people . * * " The Emperor makes sufforors to be made , ot allows to exi ^ t , laws ( excuse the application of this sacred name to impious decrees ) which , for example , permit toe sovereign to declare that the legitimate children of a man , legally married , have no father , ho name : in short , that they are ciphers , and not men . And I am to be forbidden to accuse at the bar of Europe a prince who , distinguished and superior as be is , consents to reign without abolishing such , a law ?
" Russian civilisation is still so near its source that it resemble ? barbarism . The Russians are nothing more than a conquering community : their strength does not lie fa mind , but in war—that is , in stratagem and ftii-ocifcy . '' Retribution . —About eleven o ' clock last Tuesday s > e ' uni # ht the police at the harbour were attracted by screams at the east side of Victoria Dock , and , on proceeding to the spot , found a woman on board a barge moored alongside of the wall , calling out that a man was drowned . The" necessary steps were taken to recover the body , bat withoqt sucoes 3 . Ifc appears that the woman whose name is Barnet , and the man , Thomas Pauline , a shoemaker belonging to Aberdeen , had , after drinking in a public-house ia
Colgate , proceeded , at Pauline's request , to the East Protection Wall , for the avowed purpose of getting a walk in the moonlight , but , as it ultimately a opeared , with a determination to drown tke woman They had been cohabiting together for some time , a ; l she had borne two children to him . Oa reaching tiie east end of the dock he deliberately pushed her over the q-iay , but she v ? as saved ia conscqaooca of one oi the Harbour barges being moored below . Seeing that she had not fallen into the water , ho leaped on board the bar ^ e , probably with the intentiuii of . completing his horrid design , bat having fallen between the vessel and the pier , he met the rate to which he had no doubt destined the pool woman . Ta- body was not found till next morning . — Dundee Warder .
bucciiiNG Accident . —Shortly after five o ' clock on Thursday evening a shocking accident occurred on tho London and Brighton railway , a short distance beyond ihe New Cross Station . A young man in the vmploj of Mr . Hoof , coairaccor , was engaged iu repairiug the line when his attention was taken off by the whi&tle of the train announcing the approach of the Brighton down train . Just at that moment the engine with several carriages on the Dover line was running rapidly towards Eobdon . From the statement of oae of his fellow-workmen ^ ib appears that tho poor fellow was unaware of the
approach of the train behind him , and , notwithstanding every possible exertien was made by the driver oftUe : eB ^ ne- * and'MsfQU 0 W-woTkm 9 tt'toaj'P ^ 29 'niQ of bis danger , he stood motionlesH , and in another in-Btant the engine knocked him with fearfai foriee to the ground . He fell with one arm aoross the raU and Mb hand upon it , and thus the wheels-of the train passed over him , severing his arm above the elbow , and cutting oi £ his fingers-. On being ^ picked up and conveyed with all dispatch tobruys hospital , amputation was found necessary—an operation wmca the poor fellow bore with extraordinary ^ ibrwtnde . The other iu juried render the oase a . Tery bad one .
Richmond . —On the 9 th instant , Peter Constable Maxwell , Esq .-, of tne Grove , was unanimously elected Mayor of the Borough of Richmond f « 4 h © ensaing year .
Untitled Article
THE UATHERN STAR . ] 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 18, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct828/page/3/
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