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JFovfycomins C&artfet jfitcetfttge
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T O THE WO RKING PE O PL E,
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THE COLLIERS.
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LEEDS FREE TRADE DEMONSTRATION IN AID OF; THE GREAT LEAGUE FUND OF £100,000,
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TO THE CHARTISTS , Fbiekds , —Anxious that the short period for which we have been appointed for the management of jour affairs should be deyoted to the practical carrying out of onr principles , and to the advancement of our cause , we haTe now to lay before yon the course which , with your co-operation , we are resolTednpon pursuing . We have come to the conclusion , that it is our duty to use all the available jneans at onr disposal , in order to insure a full , free , and complete representation of the Chartist body in the forthcoming Corrsentjon . To ensure that end we inow of no mean 3 more likely to be snccessfnl than the extensive dissemination of out principles . We have before announced to you our
intention of employing all the available talent in our ranks for this purpose . Since then we have received communications from several of our ablest lecturers , which have enabled ns to make the following arrangements , to commence on the first week after New Year's Day . Mr . James Leach will be appointed as lecturer for South Lancashire . Mi . Bairsiow for North Lancashire . Mr . Wm . Jones for the Staffordshire Potteries . Mr . David Boss for Leicestershire and Derbyshire . Mr . Bell , of Heywood , to Newcastle and district . Mr . M'Grath foi . Nottingham district . IAt . Clark for ^ Northampton . Mr . Doyle for Liverpool , a portion of North Lancashire , and Cheshire . Mr . West to the West-Biding of Yorkshire ; leaving Mr . Gammage , Mr .
Mason , and Mr . Dorman , and others , from whom we have not as yet bad communications , for districts to which we also propose sending lecturers , We have not heard from our Scotch bretnren , "Whom "We shall he happy to include in onr agha . t-. on arrangements . The several lecturers will be employed for three months , when we presume the general election for delegates to the Convention Trill take place ; and the lecturers will be exchanged monthly , in order that as much fresh vigour as possible may be thrown into the agitation . Re-Bolved upon not in any wise either exceeding our duty , or being insinaneuia ] in fostering dissension in OUT ranis , we beg to annonnce thai all written complaints forwarded against any lecturer will be
instantly transmitted to the lecturer complained of ; and that all discussions and decisions relative to any such complaint must be submitted to and decided by the proper parties in the several localities from whence the complaint comes . Fnnhermore , we are determined not to encourage , or ourstJTes , to keep cp any private correspondence upon any account ; and that all complaints , whether public or private , shall be instantly transmitted to the parties com-S ilained of . As our tenure of office is short , we have eemedit more prudent to re-organize . the old and faithful corps of Chartists than to attempt the opening of new districts for the present , upon which our slight reTenue would but produce a ecmparatively slender effect j while , shonld the funds placed
at our disposal enable us to extend our arrangementSj we shall most gladly so apply them . There are many matters , such as the Land Question , Municipal Election Question , Parliamentary Question , lExduaive Dealing , Co-operative Stores , and others , which should interest the Chartist body , wiCh which at present we do not feel ourselves further justified in interfering , than merely to state them as subjects npon which the several constituencies should be informed by the lecturers ; that it J 3 our intention to submit reports upon those several subjects , carefnlly drawn np bom statistical information to the Convention . In short , friends , again we have to
impress npon yon the fact , that we will neither BUTpass the powers vested in us , nor relax aught in our endeavours to enable the country to set the question of Organization for ever at rest , by ensuring the cooperation of the best men in onr ranks in perfecting ihat good work at onr next gathering ; and when the lime for surrendering our trust arrives , we have the pride and confidence to hope that our errors—Euch as they may be—will appear as arors of judgment rather than of the heart ; and we shall be able to show an amount of service rendered , fully commensurate with the means placed afour disposal .
As we find that the subject of a National Tribute , to enable us to prosecute the good wori , has been 3 > epu ] aTly Teceived , we beg , in compliance with numerous communications , to say , that we deem Christmas week the most favourable for such purpose ; and therefore eheeifully respond to several applications by inviting all who stb favourable to the uroject so to contribute to the Fund as that we may be enabled to go on and prosper . We beg further to announce that a supply of cards , together with a qnantity of enammelled cards for framing , have been deposited with Mr . Leach , news-agent , Oak-street , Tib-street , Manchester , of "whom they may be had , free of the cost of carriage , i > y the several surrounding districts . P . M'Giuth , F . O'Con . nor , H . Ross , T . ii , Wbiilei , T . Cljlbk , London , December 13 th , 1843 .
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THOH ^ rET COLLIES . " ?—MOST IMPORT AST CASE . DCRHAH , iJOSBl -J , DEC- 12—The totra of 2 > nrfcam TTss on Thursday and Friaay last disturbed from its usual lethargy , by a scene "which those "who witnessed it will not soon forget . Lbde before sunrise of \ b » day first named crowds of pitmen -were qfcserYed thronging towards the town -, and &s bo previous notice bad been jpven , the astonishment was very great . Abant « ight o ' clock ilr . Roberts and Mt . Beesley arrivee , and the mystery soon abated . The cause of the sudden inundation ia soon told
During ilr . Boberts ' s absence in London , the otraers of Thondey Colliery had taken three of their pitmen to ibe magistrates to be . sent to the prison for six weeks fo ? leaving their -work on the 24 th of November last ; a request with whieh the magistrates immediately complied . Such things are common and easily managed in the ccal distriete . Warrants had also been granted against » me « xty or seventy more ; and Thursday , the Tth inst was appointed for the magistrate * to send off a fresh lot to Durham gaoL Beven o ' clock "was the hour appointed . As soon as the Court -was opened , it was discovered that it would not hold a tenth part of those surrounding the building ; the business -was tbsrefore adjourned to the large
Court where the Assizes are held , and every nook and ffirnpr vras immediately fivi <^ , . Hnmlreds "were unable to obtain aumission : the only persona indeed , -who had ylenty of room , » ere the magistrates and the prisoners , and it is reall y difficult to Bay ¦ which wore the most caeerful looks . The Justices chuckled audibly ; they were about to do a good thing—to assert the majesty of the law ,- and " to repress the spirit of lawless ontx * gs , " aaa » o loziti ; their intended TicBHiB bad the ^ ttiet smile o ! eonacioxu innocence , The ? locked upon the -whole ttsiag M a florriWe farce—bat Btill a jocular one . Above in the gallery -were a thousand hearty on * of toil regarding the afiaii M capital fun , ani delenolned-to fight it out " Erior-toihB case being ealled upon , Jfcr
. Bosiais rose and arid , before the ease -wai ailed on he begged to apply to the bench on a « ub-3 «* -which had bees pre-rioariy brought before them , » a ob -which he bettered » oine contrariety or opinion Had been expressed . He applied on the part of two olliexs "who complained that they had been deprived Of ^ their -wages ; md in making that application he might say that he acted under the advice of Mr . Addiaon , the barrister , uio had Joid him that he would 3 Q 0 t be SO strong in Conrt at tie Assizes , until be had made every txeriion in Ms po-wtr before the magistrates . Be begged , ihtrtfore . for a Eumnjons against Mr . Aimstrons , the vifsrei < f "Wiiigate Grange Col-Boy , on the part of LvktShaVi and another , to answer irhj he had not f-aifi ifcoee men the turn t . f 26 s . a
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fortnight , to which they were entitled under the bond , ttnuae they h&d refused to vrork upon a rope which they considered to be unsafe . The clerk , doubtless for sufficient reasons , had refused to graiit s summons ; and he "we ? instrncf 3 d to apply again for a sammons to order tb&t additional evidence might t 3 heard . These persona had sot before applied for a summons , and the evidencs "would ba different from that in the essespreviously heard , and as every case was to be decided on its oirn merits , ho thought he wai perfectly entitled to the summons for which he applied . In making this application he had thought it his duty to spplj to the fall court
The Chai&Hjln £ &id the meeting had been called for a particular purpose , and they must go on with it An application of that sort could be made to any individual magistrate , and it would be best to have it Hken before a magistrate acting in the district At any rate before they could proceed to any other business they most have done with that for which they had specially met that day . Mr . Marshall , for the owners , opened the proceedings . Bis speech was quiet and argumentative , and totally devoid of that -vindictive spirit which it -was evident his employers "wished him to exhibit They 11 jogged" him repeatedly , but he took little notice of them . The case waa , that tie defendants , being bound servants to the owners of the colliery from April , 1843 ,
to April , 2844 , had , on the 24 Ib of November last , " struck , " and , together -with the whole of the sther pitmen , refused to work ; in consequence of which the pit had ever since been laid idle . He admitted that thi * conduct of the men had arisen from difference ! between them and the owners ; bat this , he submitted , was no justification of that violation of tht law which ¦ was then under trial : most of the differences were , is fact , in course of adjustment He ( Mr . Marshall ) understood that the defence would resolve itself into several heads .- one , that the bond under which the men "worked was so hard that it "was impossible to earn a living under it , if it were strictly enforced . This was no reason . The men bad signed the bond with their eyes open -, and the fact of its being more strictly
enforced during the last fortnight than prevloasly , was not the act of the owners , bat the men , who , fancying themselves cheated , had required to have their "foul coal" measured , and then discovered that a compliance with their wishes was injurious to their interests . Another portion of the defence was , he believed , that the "weighing-machine had not been " stamped , " in accordance with the Act of Parliament He contended that the Act in question merely applied to " goods sold , " and not to the present case . Alter some further remarks on the overpowering kindness of the masters , and the base ingratitnde of the men , and the necessity of making an example of a good few . so that they might know how to conduct themselves , the speech concluded . The bond was then put in , and taken as read .
Mr . Roberts submitted that , as opened by Mr . Marshall , there was no case for the consideration of tha Bench . It he understood Mr . Marshall rightly , he admitted that this machine -was not stamped in accordance with the provisions of the Act of Parliament Mr . Marshall had not admitted anything of the kind . The Chairman said the defendants appeared to cemplain of " their masters . They must go into * evidence on that point There was nothing to found an argument on that there was no case made out in the openiug to ge into .
Mr . Roberts said his argument wri , that the contract was an illegal one , innmuch as the bond was not stamped . He should like to have it down on the nwtea of the conrt that this agreement -was not stamped , in order that he might be able to make use of that fact if be should have occasion to go into the Conrt of Queen ' s Bench . The note having been taken , Mr . Marshall called , — Heccles—I am viewer for the Thornley Coal Company . The partners are Sir Wm . Chaytor , John Wood , Thomas Wood , Richard Webster , John Gully , and John BnrrelL Since the day when the complaint tras alleged Mr . John Wood has died . Ee died on the 25 th of November . I am the attesting -witness to this bond . It "was executed by Mr . Thomas Wood in my
presence . The bond was previously read over to the men . That was on the 28 th of March . It bears the names of Lawrencee Smith , John SLnglewood , and George Harewood . They signed it in my presence . The "words " the roaik « f ** are in my writing . I received a letter from the workmen on the 13 th of November , orated on the 11 th . I received the letter from Bartholomew Bsinbridge and James Craig . It is tte "writing of James Baglty , who , I understand , is secretary to the pitmen at Thoruley . It is signed " for the pitmen of Thornley colliery . " The answer I made was , that 1 wondered they did not get a person who could write a plain letter so that it might be understood . On the 14 th , I received a letter from my servant It ij James Bagley's writing and signed by him . I sent
a person that night "with a letter to Bsgley , a copy of which 1 now produce . ( The letter was then read . ) On the evening of the following day perhaps 250 men waited upon me . I should think half of them apoke . A person named Dinning was chief speaker . They demanded that o new weighing machine should be erected , and tbat every man should be paid for his own average weight of coals , to which I conceded . As to the machine , I said we might erect > new weighing mechine , bat it would not he in compliance with their request ; for a new m » chine was on the colliery before they made the application . They also requested that boxes saonld be placed upon the pit ' s heap to see -what coals "were laid out Tbat "was also granted them . That was made on the 15 th Nov .
and boxes -were placed there before the 17 th November . Oa Saturday , the men struck work . There was no farther request made by the men at that time . I think none of the hewers worked on that day—none that I am aware of . The pits were also off work on Monday , the 20 th , on -which day I had an interview "With Mi . Roberts . They resumed "work on the following day , and worked Tuesday , Wednesday , and Thursday , and struck again on Friday , for which these warrants had been obtained . The overman had reckoned with the men on the Thursday night to take off the fines for not "working on the previous Saturday .
On the erening of Thursday , the 23 rd of Ifovember , after the men , no donbt , had reckoned with the overman , they came up to me in & body , and asked me "why the half-crown "was taken off . I told them they -were asking the road they knew -well—it was for net going to work on the previeus Saturday . Tbey made no answer but -went a"way . 1 said to the men that we -would likely offer -work to them on the pay Saturday , to make up tie Saturday they had lost , and those who did a fair day ' s -j » orjs on tbat day -would have their fines remitted . SeTernl shouted it "was not likely that they would beg for their pay when they had worked for it .
31 r . Roberts objected to thereception of this evidence as be was instructed that not one of the prisoners was present The Chairman said the bench would take the e"vidence fer as much as it went for—namely , as a proof that the men had an opportunity of having a knowledge of all the case . Examination resumed—Nothing more then took place . The pits have been off work since . If those three men had gone to the pit any one morning since , except on Sunday , there -would have been -work for them . I produce an account of wages paid to theae men . I learn that LswTence Smith has earned from tne 22 nd of April to the 11 th of Nov . inclusive , £ 22 4 s 4 i On tbat sum taking into
account—Mr . Roberts objected to the witness reading these statements from written memoranda , and contended that though tbey might be accurate copies from the books , yet they were not admissible , but that the DookB themselves ought to be produced . Examination resumed . —The fines for the laid-out ncreased very considerably in amount after the boxes were adopted . 1 cannot say to what extent There are persons employed for waling the coals -when they are turned over the screen . The foul coal was poshed out by them , and pat into those boxes . Many of the men's tubs were so far free from foul coal or splint as not t » render the men liable to fine . Those came from the Bame district of the pit as the fool tub * . There is a great similarity in the pit The Beams were not
more foul on the three days -when the splint had increased . Cross-examined by Mr . Roberta—I have not examined the machines bo minutely as to say whether they are Btamped aa required by Act of Parliament They have not been stamped during the rive yean that I fcave been on the colliery . They were brongfat during the time I wa » there—I think in Angnrt or October , 1841 . I did not see them when they were being pat np . Since they hare been put op I dont know that they haTe been several times incorrect 1 have never said they were , bat 1 k * ve thought so I took the meansjto pat them correct , and suggested to Mr . Wood the propriety of erecting new machines . 1 shonld think it I » six monthi * ince I Iwt thought them
jneorrect I will not max it is not * i » e mouth * . I though * tie machines weigiea iaeorrert again * ttie masters . Since tben there has beea a new machiBe fitted np . The men who were employed oa it said it wonld be finished lart night . I expect it would be finkhed . By Mr . Elliott—1 thought the maehines were incorrect from the produce of coals in score not yielding the weight which they nsed to do . By the Chairman—I was perfectly of opinion that the machines were incorrect gainst the masters and in favour of the men . By Jlr . Roberts—The Beam where theBe men work is covered with stone . I should nay there was no stone in the five-quarter seam . 1 cannot say how far i t * nun ccald work without » quart of atone . It is
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almost invariably the nae that the stone does fall down from the roof in that seam . If there ia above a quart in a tub ( containing six cwt ) of fonl coals , splint or stone , the fine is inflicted . I am not particularly acquainted -with the bonds of other collieries . I am not acquainted -with any bond . wb \ ch refers to a seam o ! such a nature as the five-quarter seam . By the Chairman—There we ? no mere liability for the stone falling now than there Was last year or the previous year . By Mr . Roberts—The boxes were not introduced for the purpose of measuring , but for the men each to see their own coals . To my knowledge the coala were net measured before the introduction of the boxes- The quantity was ascertained by the judgment of the parties
set there for tbat purpose . The men were employed by the owners . I swear they had no measure , but that they went by their own judgment . One or two men in the pit have suggested that they should have boicea . To the test of my recollection it may be ten weeks or three mouths since I first beard a suggestion of bexea . That was from the prisoner Harewood ; but not until the night when the boxes were promised to be erected was there any request to have them made . After going down the pit I met Harewood coming out on the horse-way , and he asked me if it would not be right for the men to have boxes . I cannot recollect the exact -words . I did not at tbat time understand that there was a general complaint amongst the men about being
badly used by the mode of measuring . Since this bond has been executed it baa not been enforced strictly with regard to the laying out—not very strictly . If the men wished to have these boxes , I said I would procure them , and would have them measured strictly . I should think it has been more strictly enforced and more accurately since last November . The over-man will tell better than myself the largest amount of fines inflicted on any two days since the 20 th of November . 1 do not know that any man has been fined £ l 2 ? . Cd . for two days , but I don't doubt it I believe men have been fined something like 8 s . 7 s . $ a . 5 s . 4 s . and 3 s . for
a day . That declaration nas not been made yet , though it is intended to be . By the Chairman—That has not been the ordinary amount of fines . I am sure that a workman with ordinary prudence would not subject himself to such fines . I have not paid the workmen close np to the day on which the payment were made . That would not ta in accordance with the agreement The men are paid on the Friday up to the previous Saturday . This is the universal practice in eur colliery and in every colliery witn which I am acquainted . We make the deductions only when the wages become due , when the fines -were increased . I think some of these
men here have been fined , but I cannot speak positively . I think they have been fined for fcsing absent on the day laid in the warrant We have hot fined them for that absence . They were brought up on the 24 th of November , and they were not fined for that day . The payments for that day are not due till to-morrow . No one has been fined for the offence for which tbey are brought here . Sines this bend was entered into , the men have be sn paid in clubs in the great 3 r part , but there may have tjen exceptions . If the bond ta put into full operation , it is possible for averse men to make a living out of it , provided the men do their duty . I can not say ia -what part of the pit the men worked when there was no
layingsout The broken is the place where there is the greatest liability . Tbe five-quarter seam is the worst for the men . According to my opinion there was more foul from the five-quarter than the other pif Singlcwood has worked in all parts ,- and the other two in tbe main seam , the moBt favourable part of the pit . If a man has Ixn fined £ l 9 s ., they could not have got in in the ordinary way ef work—neither could the other fines mentioned , unless a blind man was working . On the 20 th of last month the men were standing out . T + ey went to work on the following day , from what cause I know not : I was told that da ; that tbe men wanted a correct \ 3 am and scales for their work . I said I -would put a beam and scales , but not immediately , as I had
other things to do . I also said tbat they should htve a beam and scales , but not because the men had applied for them . By the bond tbey could only claim to have the machines adjusted , which they have not done till now . I am not aware tbat they have gone to the officer of the district to have them a j justed . My object in getting tbe scales was to get a greater quantity of coal for the money paid . I did not say ( hat 1 was determined to enforce the bond , even if the men eould not get a living . I did not say that tbe men could not make a living under the bond . Mr . Thomas Weod is my employer , and he sanctions these proceedings . [ Mr . Wood was present , and admitted
that tbe whole of the owners sanctioned the proceedings . Mr . Bobtrts exclaimed— " Aye , you ' re all in a boat , " upon which the court interfered requesting Mr . Roberts to be more guarded in bis language , and the Learned Gentleman replied with great warmth that he was there to show that the conduct of tbe owners was cruel and fr&uduleut , and it was bis duty as an advocate to do so . After some further altercation the examination was continued . ] : 1 was asked to give the men a clearance and I refused . I refuse now to do so . I know Mr . Scott the surgeon . One Andrew Hope is a prisoner now . I don't know that he has Iran fined £ 1 ! s . I don't know that be hzi had two attacks of cholera and
one of dysentery . Re-examined—My opinion is that the cauBe of the coals being more foul tbe last three days than formerly , is that the parties were to fca brought here . The . men bad been less careful . Previous to the boxes being adopted it was left altogether to tbe discretion of tbe walera , who were men employed in tbe colliery . The men made an application to have men to overlook the walers . I thought it a reasonable request and it was immediately granted , and two men were sent by the
workmen . They had instructions at all times from the mE-iters in the first place and above all things to tbe safety of the men , and to do justice to them . I never had instructions that the bend was to fca exercised harshly . The increase of the layings-out was ascertained altogether by tbe request of the mon % n& Dot of the masters . The increase of foul coal and stone during these three days "was confined to a few men . Men were not stationed on the part of the workmen during the whole , but during the chief part of the time .
The letters of the 11 th and 14 th of November" were then put in to be read , but Mr . Roberts objected that they were not evidence . Mr . Marshall did not press their admission . [ The cross-examination of the wretched tool , Heckles , was most amusing . As fact after fact was extracted , and lie after lie wa 9 compelled to be swallowed , the suppressed laughter of the jolly fellows in the gallery burst forth . The Benchworthy men—looked grave , held pens in their hands , with which they sometimes appeared to be writing something—and whispered to each other , as if they did not like it , but " were determined to do their duty , " that they were . " Property must be respected —else what should we do . ' ]
The next two witnesses proved that the three men under trial had been " called" on the morning of the 24 th Nov ., and that they did not attend at the pit . " That is my case , " said Mr . Marshall . Mr . Roberts then rose to reply . It now became his high privilege to advance to the Court tbe argu ments and the evidence on which he demanded for his clients a verdict of hoaourable acquittal . On that bench justice had been often administered by the wisest and most learned Judges of the landmen whose impartial bearing and just judgment ensured respect even from those to whom they conveyed admonition and punishment ; and most
Fervently did he pray that the Almighty searcher of hearts might £ tiide their decision , in th « pttgent laost important ease , to justice and truth . ^ It was his , the speaker ' s , firm conviction , that , if strict justice could be awarded , the persons who sat beside him in the garb of gentlemen—the owners of the Colliery—the prosecutors—men so bitter in their vengeance that their eager appetite was not satisfied by the three "whom they had already sent to the gloomy cell ; those men would themselves be in the dock , with their intended victims as aoousers . Gracious God ! of what nature must that thirst be that " three in gaol" -would not Batisfy ! Were the whole sixty-eight whom they had arrested to be ( immolated within tbe prison walla After this
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throe , were another " three" to be "had up" * Was'the vindictive line to extend till—f Here , a hurried intimation from the prosecutors was made to Mr . Roberts that " the present three for six weeks" would satisfy those amiable men—who M subscribe a guinea a year to the hospital / ' kneel on morrooo hassocks , and call themselves " miser * able ainnergi" ] Mr . Roberts continued—It had been written by our text writers through all history that the greatest safeguard of British liberty was " the trial by jury . " Of that right we were taught from our childhood , no subject of a British Sovereign could be deprived . How hollow the boast ! His clients
were not to have that privilege . It was to be given to the thief , the felon , and the murderer ; while men like those whom he represented—men * against whose fair fame the tongue of slander had never been raised—against whom even the witnesses for the prosecution could not invent a calumny—were to be debarred from its protection . They were be tried , not by their Peers , not by those who had known them in their toil and could judge of their motives ; but by men—gentlemen he meant—pampered in all the pomp of power , who knew nothing of poverty , save as a picture for a book , and who were taught from their baby-clothes to regard the labouring
man , asking for his rights—for liberty to live , as a rude excrescence on society ; as a " nasty thing" that must be "kept down , " or it " would become intolerable , " Already they had three victims lingering in the gaol which adjoined tbat Court ; ene of them , as appeared by the certificate of that skilful and respectable surgeon , Mr . Scott , had twice , during the short period of six weeks , been attacked with cholera , and once during the same period had suffered from that depressing and often fatal disease—emphatically called the gaol disease—the dysentery ; his : life had been despaired of : his wife had told him ( Mr . K . ) that she hardly dare indulge the hope of ever seeing him again .
The Chairman here interrupred Mr . Roberts with considerable warmth ; he had heard the allegation before , and had found , on enquiry , that there was no foundation for it . The surgeon of the gaol had stated that one of the men had certainly been attacked with a " bowel complaint , " but that he was now quite recovered . Mr . Roberts cared little for the letter of the gaol surgeon . Let them pause ere they added another victim to the black catalogue of judicial crime ; let them recollect , if they had forgotten , the Northleach case . Certificates and letters were there plentiful enough . All the officials in that case—in the opinion of each other—were all honourable and amiable men ; and the prisoners were only too healthy ; but the victims died—murdered according to law . Read Mr . Scott ' s certificate ; was uot his skill and his honour unimpeached , and unimpeachable .
Mr . Marshall here , looked at tbe certificate , and observed that the illness was " within six weeks . " Mr . Roberts—Within six weeks . In the name of the great God of Justice , I ask you how much disease is to justify an appeal for mercy ? " I tell these hard-hearted men "—addressing tne prosecutors , who grinned horribly— " I tell them that if this man dies in gaol * the guilt of his murder will be heavy on their souls . " Interruption from the Bench , which Mr . Roberts checked and
proceeded—Why was the trials of those men so cruelly hurried 1 In the same day taken from their home and conveyed to dungeons . . Was it not known throughout these counties , nay throughout the whole country , that he was engaged as the legal defender of all the pitmen . Why could not the case have been postponed as the present one had been ? i Another interruption . The Chairman observed that tho men bad never complained of illness , nor applied for postponement . He thought Mr . R . was deficient in courtesy in pressing this line of argument *
Mr . R . disclaimed all feeling of" courtesy" in the matter ; tbe man ' s life was in danger—the straw he was lying upon was probably his death-bed . 0 , the Northleach magistrates were ** courteous" After killing their victim , they "buried him with decency !" Several ineffectual attempts were made to stop Mr . R . in these recapitulations—tbe magistrates did not like it . One poor thin old man rolled about on his : seat in agony , throwing his arms up and down , and squeaking out " he would ' nt , " and " he should ' ut , " " well I never , " and" 0 ! Lord . " Throughout it all , however , Mr . R . proceeded , raising higher and higher , and never stopping till he had thoroughly made himself understood .
Mr . Roberts proceeded—What were the simple facts of the present case \ An agreement had , about the 5 th of April last , been signed by the men , which it was impossible for them to fulfil . It never was intended that they should fulfil it ; and they never had been required to do so till the last fortnight . The agreement provided that for every " quart" of foul coal , stone , &c . found in any one tub ( the tub , it would be recollected , contained six hundred weight of coal ) , the hewer should be fined threepence : this clause , however , had never been enforced till tbe last fortnight . There were , however , several grounds of complaint which the men had against the owners ; the principal of these was the fact of a
fraudulent weighing-machine having been used , by which the men were cheated of a large portion of their earnings . Of this they repeatedly complained , but never could obtain any redress . The fraud continued unabated , although promises were made from time to time that the machine should be adjusted . At laet the men determined to stop work , unless their desire for a " beam and scales" was complied with . Heccles , the viewer , finding that the men were determined , consented to this ; but at the same time told them that he would enforce the " quart " fine . The men , however , on the advios of himself and Mr . Beesley , still went to work . At the same time they sent one of their body to a magistrate for a summons against the owners for wages—some
fines that had been unjustly inflicted , in order to bring their whole grievances before the magistrates for their decision : the man had been Bent . The magistrate was applied to ; the summons was refused ; by one of the very magistrates who now adorned the Bench ; sitting there to administer impartial justice . Still the men worked on—justice had been denied to them , but they still worked on . They had lost all confidence in the magistrates , but their confidence in themselves , in the power of truth and the justice of Heaven , grew stronger . They worked on then ; and what followed \ Let them listen , and think of the three martyrs in gaol . The " quart" fine wa 3 enforced : twenty two shillings were robbed from one many for fines for two days—the man who was in gaol—the very man who was dying there .
A burst of horror from the body of tbe Court , stopped Mr . R . for a hyr moments , as he shrieked out the last part of his speech . Mr . R . continued—That man ' s earnings for the two days had not been five shillings . Another had been fined eight shillings—another five shillings : scores had been fined more than they earned . He would prove every tittle of the monstrous fraud ; and for disobeying this agreement—for refusing to work under these terms—sixty-eight persons had been taken into custody . Mr . Marshall ' s assertion that because the men had signed the bond , they were bound to abide by it , might be true so far as a civil action was concerned ,
but no person in his senses could contend that a man committed a crime who declined attempting what waa impossible . He would prove tbat above the good coal in the pit , and immediately , connected with it , wer « strata averaging more than twenty inches of grey stone and fonl coal , the whole of whioh came down into the tubs as the hewer was filling them : besides this there was what was called " black brass , " which being the colour of the coal , it waa next to impossible for the workman to avoid putting into the tubs . He would produce a witness who would prove a declaration by one of the owner ' s agents that more than half of the tubs would be " laid out" if the quart" flue were enforced . Then as to the weighing m&chiae : testimony
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would be adduced that , time after time , tbe men bad complained of it . Mr . iieccles had himself admitted his opinion that it was incorrect I and he ( Mr . R . ) would prove that one of the agents had said that ** it would vary nine pounds either way . " Were these the Btandarda by which labour was to be paid ? It bad been said by the advocate on the other side that tbe Acts of Parliament requiring weighing machines to be examined and stamped by an isspfctor , did not apply to the present instance , but merely to cases where i " good 8 " were " sold , " What a wretched quibble was this ! Tbe Legislature , knowing the frauds that were committed by false weights and measures , passed an Act for their prevention and punishment : and now we were told
that though all ) the artiolesi which gave comfort to affluence—all the articles which rich ! men bought and sold , were to ba subjected to the protection of this law , yet that labour , which was the sourse of them all—the foundation of wealth—was to be deprived of it : labour , without which they who were there to doom ! wou'd be even pooror than their victims . If men were to be sent to prison for refusing to work by a machine , was it not reasonable that the machine should be perfect ? The men had been taunted with their ignoranc-j—tauntod by the rery tyrants who profited by it : they were shrewjd enough , however , to know when they were cheated . But if thiy were ignorant , on whom ought the blame to fattf Wita * had the okrgy been doing in this , the richest Ecclesiastical county ;» the kingdom I
The elergy were ready enough to act as magistrates why not do something to remove that ignorance which they professed so grievously ta deplore % Time would show that the pitmen were not the ignorant creatures they had been represented . He ( Mr . R . ) had now been in constant , in hourly , intercourse with them for more than four months- ; , and he declared that in the whole time he had not , met a single instance of a desire , on the part of the workmen , to ta ^ e an unfair advantage of the owaer . AH the fraud and extortion and tyranny had been on the other side . The next point on which he ( Mr . R . ) relied was the fact , that , in no one single instance , had the bond been fulfilled with regard to the time Of payment of wa <* es ; in every case a week ' s wages
had been kept in hand by the owners . The men would have submitted to this : practically , the effect might be trifling ; but when a master sought strictly to enforce a bond against a servant , it behoved him , in the first place , to shew that he had strictly complied with it himself . The master who had not paid bis workmen to the latest moment , and to the uttermost farthing , had no right to send that servant to gaol . Mr . Roberts then went into several other clauses of the bond , to shew their injustice . Rather than return to work on that bond , the whole of the men , not merely the thrca under trial—not
merely the sixty-eight in the warrants , but the whole of them—every hewer in the colliery , were ready to go to prison . They avowed it openly . He was there to avow it for them . Could there possibly be a more solemn assurance of their innocence than that ? In conclusion he called upon them to recollect that the prosperity of the coal trade was at stake ; the very 'safety of tbe Colliers might depend upon their important decision . If the Magistrates Would not do justice to the pitmen , the latter bad come to a solemn determination to do justice to themselves . Prisons would not deter them . It was the test of virture that torture could not swerve it .
He would now call his witnesses—they would prove all that he had advanced—and though he did not proftsss to rely j on a favourable decision by the Magistrates—they were too intimately dependant on the coal trade for him to indulge much hopeyet he knew the ; eventual result would be beneficial to the mighty cause he advocated , and a homage to justice and to virtue . The above is I but an outline of Mr . Roberta's speech : much of it we have been compelled to omit by want of space . It was listened to throughout with breathless attention , except when interrupted by the magistrates . These gentry evidently did not know what to do . Once or twice they made , a sort of a move to leave the Court ; but just as they got
tojthe door it seemed to strike them all on a heap , ( particularly the thin old man with a squeaking voice ) , that that would not do : then they ran back again . One of i them held up a pen , and said 'he should stop and do his duty . " Altogether the thing beggared description . The jolly fellows in the gallery thought it | was all " spleudid . " There waa no restraining their enthusiasm . We must give the continuation of the proceedings next week . Suffice it for the present , that after darkness had set in and Mr . Roberts , in reply to the Magistrateg , ad to whether he had any other evidence " of a different complexion , " had avowed that he intended to eznmine the whole of the hewers on the colliery ; after this startling
announcement— -for the number of hewers ia between three and four hundred—and some farther discussion , in which some warmth was shown , and angry expressions exchanged between the Bench and Mr . Roberts , and propositions of adjournment and of agreement between the masters and men were made , the [ case was ultimately adjourned till Friday , at ten o ' olock , in order to give time for the parties to come to some arrangement , or to proceed with the case , th « Chairman at the same time declaring that in a cafe like this , where large bodies of men were banded together in open defiance of the law , and of tbe peace of the district , and after what had come out in the ca&e , the magistrates would btill not hold themselves bound by any compromise which the parties might come to .
Tvesdat passed in a similar manner , but more stormiiy than before ; and the further consideration of the case was adjourned till the following Wednesday . What thai result will be no one can tell or speculate upon . The case is looked upon as allimportant throughout the coal countries . We will give the conclusion next Saturday ,
Jfovfycomins C&Artfet Jfitcetfttge
JFovfycomins C&artfet jfitcetfttge
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Leeds . —Mr . David Ross will deliver two lectures to-morrow ( Sunday ) afternoon , at half-past two o'clock , and in the evening , at half-past six , at the Bazaar , Briggate . Bradford . —On Sunday evening , the members of the Chartist council will meet in the large room , Butterworth-buildings , at half-past rive o ' clock . < The Chartists of Bowling Back-lane , will meet in the Association Room , at ten o ' clock in the mornng , and two in the afternoon . The Chartists of Little Horton , will meet in the school-room , Park-place , on Sunday morning , at ten o'clock , and at two in the afternoon , when a writing class will be formed . The CEART 18 T 3 of New Leeds will meet in their room on ^ undayjmoruing , at ten o ' clock , and at two in the afternooii .
The Chartists of the C > ntral Loqality will meet in their room , on Sunday morning at tea o ' clock . I The Chartists of Manningham , will meet in the Association Room , on Sunday morning , at ten o ' clock , and at two in the afternoon . The Chabti 5 T 3 of Thompson ' s Houses will meet in their room , on Sunday morning , at ten o ' clock . The Chartists of George's-street , will meet on Sunday morning , at ten o ' clock , on business of importance , f
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AT a very numerous and most enthusiastic MEETING of the FRIENDS of FREE TRADE , held in the Music Hall , on Wednesday , the 13 th December Instant .
THE WORSHIPFUL THE MAYOR IN THE \ CHAIR : — It was unanimously resolved , Moved by JJG . Marshall , Esq ., Seconded by Mr . Alderman Lupton , Supported by Hy . Ashworth , Esq ., of Bolton . That , in the deliberate opinion of this Meeting , the Corn Laws have produced the most ruinous effects on the manufactures and trade of this country—have restricted international exchange , engendered hostile commercial legislation on the part of other countries , and fostered rival manufactures—have mocked the hopes of the farmer in years of abundance , and in periods of scarcity have injuriously affeoted all classes—and at the same time only afford a delusive
protection to the landowner . That whilst , by these means , the physical condition of the people has been deteriorated , a far more serious evil has been created , by alienating the operative from the wealthy and governing classes , by impeding sooial improvement , and loosening the bonds of social order . That regardirjg Free Trade as the most powerful means of promotiog mutual dependanceand good will among nations , —this Meeting holds the Corn Laws as obstructive to the diffusion of peace and happiness throughout the world ; it therefore feels called on to record its unqualified < > ndemnation of the Corn Laws , —its solemn deprecation of all participation in their injustice , and its earnest determination to seek , by all legitimate means , to remove from the statute booking foul stain on its
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honour and purity , —this fatal precedent of vicious legislation . Moved by Mr . Ciuncillor Carbdxt . Seconded by George Wise , Esq . Supported by RichahD Cobdbn , £ ^ ., M . P . That viewing all duties on the imppri of food , whether nsed or sliding , aa a common wrong , looking at tfig imminent danger of a more stringenfc retaliatory foMj , on the part ot foreign sitles , and holding as unfounded the fears expressed , that fr < a trade will ruiiwtraly depress the price of agricultural produce , ti » meeiiag considers the total- * nd immediate abolitlo * of ihe Corn Laws as the only safe and just meaeare , whether it regards the rights of the coDsuirer i the pr&sperity of , manufacturc 3 and commerr > , or the vindication of those righteous principles of commercial policy which these laws hare co long outraged .
Moved by Fbedbrick Baines . Esq . F xsonded by John Wu * r « so » , Esq . Supported by John Bbisht , Esq ., M . P . On the motion of Alderman Lupton , seconded by Alderman Goodman , the thanks of the meeting were given by acclamation to John Marshall , Esq ., for his munificieafc subscription . That entirely approving the conduct of the Council of the League m the use of the £ 50 , 060 fund plr .-: i ai its disposal last year , by the Anti-Corn Law Associations of Great Britain ; and recognising in its past conduct most ample and satisfactory guarantees for the wise and just appropriation of the fund of £ ! 0 & , OOO which it now solicits , this meeting reselves forthwith to originate a subscription-in aid Of that fand , and appoints the following gentlemen a committf e to take such steps & <* are nc reisery- ; with power to add to their number .
Mored by H . H . Stansfeld , Esq . Seconded by Mr . C ) uncillor Barrett . That the eordial thanks of this meeting ars hereby respectfollj tendered to the Deputation of th # Anti-Corn Law Lett&ae for their presence and valuable services on this occasion ; and whilst it offers to rH its tribute of gratitude and admiration for thfrzftal and ability wHb which they h * y « i advocated the prin-«( n | es of fte * Tral ^ ft-waMaWMeai . A ^ u ^ wttli
marked emptMBiM 16 BkMrd C * Mefl , Esq ^ MtP . and John Bright , EBq ., "M . P ., for the moral courage and the consummate tact and talent with which the ; have met the advocates of monopoly in their strong holds , surrounded by their tenants and dependants ; thus proving their firm and conscientious reliance 9 B the truth of their principles , and by the eminent success which ba » attended their efforts , justifying their position as the exponents of the nation ' s opinion and will on the vital question of Free Trade .
HAMER STANSFELD , Chairman . The Mayor having left the chair , it was taken by J . G . Marshall , Esq ., and On the motion of John BRIGHT , E 8 q . } M . P ., Resolved by acclamation , That the best thanks of this mretiog be presented to bis Worship , the Mayor , for presiding on this occasion ; . and for the very efficient manner in whioh he has conducted the proceedings . The Subscription List will remain open for a short
time longer r so as to afford every one an opportunity of subscribing ; and for the convenience of such Persons , and also of those who have not yet paid their Subscriptions , the S sere tar y will attend dailj at No . 20 , Commercial Buildings , to receive the same . Subscriptions may also be paid to Mr . S . Birchall , the tre-- > urer , No . 4 , Albion-street . Every Subsorber of £ 1 and upwards , or any number unitedly subscribing the same sum , will , after payment , have forwarded to them we jkly , for a twelvemonth , a copy of " The League" Newspaper .
Parties who have subscribed anonymously are requestcd to send their Names and Address to Mr . riinglev , at 20 , Commercial Buildings , in order that " The league" may be forwarded to them . The following is a List of Subscriptions received at and since the Meeting : —
DONATIONS TO THE GREAT LEAGUE FUND OF £ 100 , 000 . £ s d Messrs Marshall and Co .... ... ... 500 0 0 John Marshall , Esq 300 0 0 £ 100 eaeh—Stansfeld . Brown and Co-, Park Row ; Wm . Lupton and Co . ; Wilkinson and Co ; P . Fairbairn , Wellington-street . £ 50 each—Beverley and Simpson ; Wm . Pawson ; E . Baines and Sons , Mercury Office ; Jno . Wadding * ham ; Benj . Walker . £ 30—Geo . Goodman , Potteinewton ; Robert Walker ¦ Lueeock , Lupton and Co .
£ 25— Robt . Jowett and Sons , W . B . Holdsworth and C ) . ; Joseph and Wm . Walker ; S . J . Bironall and Co , ; Newman Cash . £ 20—H . H . Stansfeld , Headingly ; John Shepstrd , Park-square ; C . G . Maclea , 17 , Blenheim-terrace ; David Crowther , Churwell ; Francis Car butt ; Backton and Sous . £ 10 10 s . —A . and D . Webster , Wellington-street ; John . Dickinson and Son , Water-lane ; J . and T . Rcffitt , Kirks tall-road j Croysdale Brothers , Leeds ; Wm . Hornby , Leeds .
£ 10 . —Anonymous , 21 , Park-lane ; Anonymous , 42 , Mill-hill ; G . Peitch , 168 , Wellington streat ; Christopher Heaps , Woodhouse Cliff ; A Friend , par J . Wilkinson , Flax Spinner ; Matthew Gaunt , Solicitor , Leeds ; Misses Stansfelds , Headingley ; Isaiah Dixon and Sons , Boad-strrst ; Thos . George and Sons , Spring-gardens ; Joseph Gill , Headingley ; J . N ,, Bfrstai ; James Hotham , Bridge-end ; P . Wolff , Woolsfcaplor ; Joseph Hirst , Eldon- terrace ; James Ogle . Lady-lane ; Thomas Haigh , Newlay . £ 6 63 . —W . and T . Kettlewell . Briasate .
£ 5 5 s . —J . L ., 3 , Park-place , * F . Hobson , Zeeds Times Office-£ 5 . —An Advocate of Free Trade in Corn Hydeterrace ; John Wales Smith , York-place ; Joseph Shackleton , Wortley ; Joseph Riper , Holbeok ; Thomas Nunneley , East-parade ; Mrs . A . Titley , jun ., 25 , York-place ; A . Titley , sen ., ditto ; John Kenworthy , 7 , South-parade ; R . B . Watson , 7 , Bond-street ; Richard Bayldon , Hunslet ; Henry Robinson , Chapeltown ; Joseph Bates , Albion-street ; Mrs . H . R . Stansfeld ; A Friend ; JohnBrownbridge
Mann ' Field , Holbeck ; John Greaves , Brunswickstreet ; John Variey , Foiley , Hunslet ; R . and B . Wilson , Bramley ; Boyle , Gill , and Co ., Meadowlane ; Rev . Charles Wicksteed , Blenheim-square Rev . Josh . Fox , Brunswick'place , 2 nd sub . ; W Hewitson , Huuslet ; Jonathan Shackleton , Holbeok £ 4—Arthur Lupton , Jan ., Headingly ; Thomas Laycock , l , St . James ' s-strot . £ 3— Anonymous , 8 , Albion-street ; John Maude * 14 , Greek-street ; P . Kettlewell , 12 , Briggate ; Robert Bewley , Woodhouse Lane ; A Friend , 17 , Bank-street .
£ 2 10 s . —John Wilson , Bramley . £ 2 2 s . —Thomas Dawson , 12 , Warwick-place ; WUliam Lupton , 24 , Bedford-place ; William Dennison , West-street ; John Wilkinson , Springfieldplace ; R . and J . Harrison , 46 , Hunslet-lane ; F . B ., 28 , Springfield-place ; Richard Gardner , Bridge End ; G . B . Pearson , Holbeck ; T . and W ., 47 , Basinghall-street ; Alfred Bilbrough , Gildersome ; Isaac Thompson , Knostrop ; Samuel Carr , Dewsbury Road ; Matthew Hepworth , Vicar-Jane ; C . L ., 2 , Park-place .
£ 2—Wm . Simpson , 2 , Trinity-street ; H . Marcus , Basinghall-street ; A . Naylor , Basinghall-street ; John Bilborough , Gildersome ; A Friend , 9 , Brunswick-place ; Wm . Kemp , Wortley-lane ; Thomas Stephens , Sussex Tavern ; Thomas S . Dickinson , Guildford-street ; W , Holroyd , Park-lane ; Jamea Bilbrough , Gildersome ; M . Jarvis , Basinghali-street W . Avens , Lisbon-strcat . £ 1 10 s—Thomas Chadwick , 13 , Bridge-street ; Edward Atkinson , Trafalgar-street . £ 1 1—John Harrison , 6 , Meadow-lane ; George Mason , Wellington-street ; Joseph Shackleton , Wortley William Wade , Podsey ; J . Gilpin , Burmantofts ; S . G ., 19 , Rockingham-street ; George
Brook , 75 , East-street ; W . W . F ., 6 , South-parade ; George Edward Taylor , Oatlands Mill ; C . M . BrowQ , 12 , Kirkgate ; John Topham , Calllane ; Thomas W . Stansfeld , Headingley ; John Land , Briggate ; William BUlington , Newlay ; Thomas Harvey , Briggate ; George G . Cumminga , Craven Cottage , near Bow , London ; John Darby , Trafalgar-street ; J . B . Robinson , 173 , Briggate ; H . Higgins , 38 , Albion-street ; Jonathan Haigh , 3 , Park-buildings ; Matthew Glew , Foundry Inn , Holbeck ; D . G . B ., 19 , Oxford-strret ; John Carr , Hunslet ; Charles Marston , 20 , Duncan-street ; Samuel Rowley , Headingley ; Jos . Wood , Bramley George Broadbent , Vicar-lane ; Josiah Carr 18
, , Brunswick-street ; John Kirk , Meadow-lane ; Robt . Campbell , 27 , Caroline-8 trc 3 t ; S . H . Spence , Kirkgate ; W . Robinson , School Close ; Riohard HeapBy Hunslot ; John G . Thornton , 35 , Boar-lane ; Joseph Hopton , dyer , Skinner-lane ; X . Y . Z ., dry ^ alter , Bilham-court ; R . Pollock , Bishopgate-Btreet ; Wm . Illingwortb , Crown Point ; Samuel Stead , Hblbeaklane ; Joseph Broadbent , Kuostrop ; Jeremiah , Sawry , 29 , Commercial-street : S . Warburfcm , Hunalet ; John Hudson , Lisbon-street ; T . Fotherby 18 , Lowerhead-row ; Thoa . Fotherby * 9 » Bankstreet ; Wm . Jagger ; Wortley : B . Bradshaw , Bramley , Mark Thompson , Paradise , HanBlet ; H . W . Walker , 26 , Briggate ; Samuel Croft . Water-laae ; T . Stenson ,
Richmond-street ; T . Gamble , Kirkstall-road ; Jonn Watson , Holbeck ; Richard Bissingtoa ; BrifKate ; William Tbistlewiite , 12 , Swinegate * J . Arnustead , Bridge End ; Joseph Bray , 40 » St . Paul's-street ; William Hinnings , Pudsey ; William A . Oatw , butcher , Dyer-street . , £ 1-Mr . Shaen , Solicitor * Park Row ; Mra . Bewley , St . Mark ' s Cottage . ; J . K ., 120 , Northstreet ; William Hall , Victoma Road ; JohnNayler , Low R ? ad , Hunslet ; Matthew Lawton , Worttey ; Miss Bewley ; W . E . Hepper , Wortley ; J . B ., Hunslet Mill ; Roger Shaokletpn , Wortley ; Josoph Lupton t Armley ; William , Haworth , 39 , Albion-strest ; ~ * No . 2 » St . Peter ' 8-hill ; Henry Oxley , 9 , Elmwoodgrove ; R . Richardson , 83 , Briggate ; Wm . Shackleton , Mill-green , Holbeck ; William Storey , Hunsletj James Cjmbo , 8 , Botch-grove .
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/ UwiAJ- A ^ J ^ r ^ / Jfak ^ idistyfoOtj
AND LEEDS GENERAL ADYISTISEK . ¦
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- tf-i" V-. - - ¦ ^ y 0 i 7 ~ no . . Saturday , DECEMBEBn 67 l 843 . ' ™* i $ ZZZZ £ t ™ Y "
T O The Wo Rking Pe O Pl E,
T O THE WO RKING PE O PL E ,
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Mt Fsiekds , —You will see the address of the Ex « cnti-5-e in this vreelfspaper , and jot vriil use yonr own jodgmenfc in arriving at a conclusion , whether or nor the means "Which they propose , are calculated to serve onr cause ; and if so , whether or not those dntaes , the performance of which they require at yonr hands / are more than they hive a right to expect . I need not again direct your attention to the manner in which the impoverished Irish respond to the call of their leadera , nor nued I do more than'impress upon your minds ahelief that a vigomous effort for the next three months 'will place our cause upon a looting which may defy &U the assaults of faction ; but in order to enable us to arrive at that
state , yonr co-operation and support is indispexsable . roor though jou be let Christmas week be the appointed -fime for the collection of a national tribnte ; and Jet every town , vie with Carlisle , the poorest and yet always the foremost , in such undertakings . We can only pledge ourselves that a satisfactory acoouTit ihall be rendered of every farthing Suhsenbed . Do you do- your duty , and we shall not fail in the perfbrmarice of ours . I believe that this appeal will -not he made in vain , and after having enrolled rnBarly 10 , 000 members at my own expense , I do not think that jou will consider me presnznptuons in making the appeal in my individual capacity . Spite of friend and foe ^ we are going on BOl only prosperously but glorionsly ; and -while I thus appeal to you for new exertion , I cannot feel surprise at your lukewarmnesfe , when 3 Ihink of the
ttanner in which you have been deceived by many in whom yon have placed confidence . However , the ranks have been pretty well weeded , and those who have remained are more united than ever . JBickeriag , squabbling , denunciation , and strife are now limited to the little minds of the little fenot , by whom they have been fomented and kept alive . I look to the forthcoming Convention as an important crisis in the "history of this country—one which , if properly managed and directed , -will ensure for us that position from which , I believe , the disunion in cur own Tanks has -hithhrto -withheld ns . Henceforth let us ^ woxk together for the righto of labour , and the rights of alL Bo you your duty , and again 1 aay ire mil not fail in the performance of ours . Yonr faithful friend , Fjsabgus O'Coiwob .
The Colliers.
THE COLLIERS .
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NEW WOOLLEN CLOTH AND TAILORS' TRJMMING ESTABLISHMENT , 37 , BSIGGrATE , LEEDS , AKD IMCARKST PIiACE . DABUVOTOV . "VT H . DAVIS respectfully invites the attention of the Public to his VALUABLE and EXTENSIVE STOCK OP WOOLLEN CLOTHS , Which he ha 3 purchased for Cash , and is determined to sell fdi ^ a very email amount of profit . The Goods are of first-rate Manufacture , and not made for sale only , but will hare the good properties of wearing well , and ensuring future orders . The Stock consists of DOUBLE-MILLED WATERPROOF TWEEDS , BEAVERS PILOTS KERSEYS , CASSIMERES , SUPERFINE YORKSHIRE and WEST OF ENGLAND CLOTHS WOOLLEN and COTTON CORDS , FUSTIANS , & 6 . &e * Waistcoatings from la . 6 d . upwards , in endless variety . M . H . D . takes this opportunity to thank the numerous body of TAILORS , who have patronized him since he dissolved Partnership with Mr . Cullingwobtu , and begs to assure them that no House in the Trade shall undersell him in any one Article . The Working Classes are invited to purchase Fustians , Cords , and Moleskins , at the above Establishment ; they -will find it more advantageous to do so , and employ their own Tailors , than encourage the " Ready Made Clothes Selling Monopolists" who get rich at the expence of the Working Man , by paving him one half for a Garment that other Masters give .
Leeds Free Trade Demonstration In Aid Of; The Great League Fund Of £100,000,
LEEDS FREE TRADE DEMONSTRATION IN AID OF ; THE GREAT LEAGUE FUND OF £ 100 , 000 ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 16, 1843, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct832/page/1/
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