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INQUEST AT NOTTINGHAM WORKHOUSE . In consequence of several children having died in a abort space of time In the Union Workhouse , and information being conveyed to the Coroner , Mr . M . Browne , that there -were reasons for believing their deaths had been caused or accelerated by the crowded state of the rooms , that gentleman summoned a jury on Monday Afternoon , to hold on inquest on the body of one , a child named Porter . Some difficulty was occasioned on the jury entering the dead-house , in consequence xrf the bodies of throe children being there , and it not being knewn -which was the right one . On their return to the board room , the following evidence wbb heard : —
ETtibeth Porter , an Inmate of . tie poor house , single woman , said , I have lived in the workhouse going for eight months , and I am the mother of Robert Porter , the deceased , He m six months old last Saturday , and had pretty good health . Last Wednesday but one be regan to be ilL Be had a very bad cough and a staffing at his chest I applied to Mr . Sianger , the doctor , on the day the child was taken HI . The child was under Mr . 8 tanger " B care until ia-t Monday nigtt , ¦ when he died at ten o ' clock . I perceived the child to be ill first in the night time . I was sleeping in the top einglewomsn ' s room in a little hospital bed . That is a narrow bed . No one slept in the same bed but I and my baby . There -were more beds in the room , seven big ones , and two little ones . In the big beds four
persons slept in each , and in the little ones two . When I say four persons in a bed , I mean two women and two children . 1 wsa ordered into the children ' s sick hospital , and remained there from the day the child was taken ill until it died . I had slept in the top singlewoman ' s room ever since I came out of the lyingin room until the child was taken ill I had been in the bottom room in the day time ; that is at the bottom of the Btepe leading np " to the bedroem . Thert have been 107 and 1 , 08 women and children in that room at onee . I think there were 160 persons is that room the moraine ; my child was taken ilL That was the room in which I generally passed my time when not at work . That was the only room I had a-right to be in during the day time . When I was at work a woman nursed
the child in the room until it was taken ilL I have no complaint to make of the medical attendant I have been allowed to be with the child , constantly since it was ttken ilL The numbers have varied very considerably in tfee bottom room , sometimes twice as many as at other times . I can give no idea at all as to the average numbers in the room . We were generally pretty thick in the room . Sometimes many of us had not room to sit down . That ¦ was not a very common thing . The room was cleaned every morning , and kept sweet and dean . The windows are always open , and the air I think was pretty good in the room . The child ha * never been absent from me a minute since it was born except when I was at work . The child had had a bad ecugb and hoarseness about a month .
Gforye Eaton Stanger , of Nottingham , aid , I am one of the surgeons attending the Nottingham Union . I attend np « n the cbjldren " s hospital in the Union Poor House . Robert Porter was under my care . The earliest date I find of his being under my care is Friday , the 26 th of November . I txTieve from the entry I made in the book that be was labouring under some affection of the chest I ordered him to have an emetic , and to be removed into a separate apartment with a fire in it There were several children attacked at the same time . I am net sure that be was removed on the Friday . I believe that he was on the Sunday . He has been under my care ever since . He has been labouring under inflammation of the lungs , and I believe from that he has died . I oecatiouaJly go into the singlewornen ' s day
room . I believe the children ( infartj of single women ) are kept there . That room bos been a good deal crowded of late . The per ; ocs in that room open the windows to counteract tbo effects of the confined air , and the drafts from those windows I think very likely to originate inflammatory affections . I ihonld not say that the air in that room is particularly bad . I believe H is habitable . I have been in the singlewomen ' s steeping rooms . If as many as thirty women and children were sleeping is thit room , I conceive it ¦ would not be in a healthful state . I do not recollect ever being in that room during the " night A child might be labouring under an irfl&mmitory action of the bronchial tubes for some time without any particular notice beins t&k&n of it by the parent ¦ Supposing a
child to be labouring under such . ix . fi&mmat « ry action , and living in the low room during the day and the singlewomen ' s room during the night , 1 think it would make it worse . I may stat-, that I think in this case , as well as others 1 had at the time , the weather had a great deal to do with producing dispsje . Dr . Davidson , the honorary physician for the week , saw the child on Sunday week . The hospital to which the child was removed ii a very fit place for the reception cf a limited » amber of sick persona . It was inside as comfortable as circumstances would allow . We had sore in it than wa ought to have had . We had several persons there daring the day who slept * in the other rooms during the sight Supposing the child bad been labouring under low irfiinimatory action of the lungs for a
xnenth before I saw it , I believe the inflammation ¦ would have been increased by the vitiated air of the lower room during the day , and the sleeping room during the night I conceive the vitiated air of the roams , and the state of the weather , were both concerned in producing disease in the child . I do not know that it had been exposed to the atmosphere . I know that the child has been in the lower and upper looms , and the state of the atmosphere would affect the air in those rooms . Daring the unfavourable state of the weather for several weeks past , I think a month , I can most confidei . tly state my opinion , that the upper loom , the singlewoman ' s sleepiDg royni , and the lower ox day room , were not fit for the number of persons who were in them . I was not in Nottingham a month
ago . I returned on the 22 nd of November . I know the rooms well . I do not know the dimensions of the rooms . For the last week or ten days I consider they have been in averj unhealthy state . I have mentioned to the Board of Guardians that the house was not in a healthy state before the child died . That was more particularly as to the children ' s apartments , whei e this child was not There baa been a very considerable diminution in the numbers since then , which is about ten days ago , and a great improvement in the healthy state of tie house . The lower room I have spoken of is appropriated to single women who have children , and I believe a great portion of them go out of that room to werk in different parts of the house . I consider that the latter part of the year , since the number of inmates has been increased , the house has been unhealthy ; but considering the number of persons in -the house in the earlier part of the year , I consider the house was very
healthy . I consider the house was in a very healthy state for a great many months ; I considered it very heaithy . Diseases of the chest are very prevalent at this time of the year . It is not uncommon for children o die of the same disease who are not in the house . I think that twenty-five persons might be in the lower room and healthy ; it would depend on circumstances If it were well washed and clean , as it is , it would be healthy , I tV . iT-. t-. I certainly should hesitate to gire an opinion , that the state of the air in the house produced the disease or death of the child . I think the opening the windows of the room would make the air in it more pure . I do not know that any death has been the result of the state of the house . I think the necessity for opening the windows in this weather is a proof that the air in the room was not good . It is ratheT remarkable , that I have had , I think , eighteen cisfcsof disease similar "to what this child has died
from , m the house , - in the district to which I attend out of the house , during the same time , I have not had more than two or three . I cannot account for it any other way than that the state of the house must have a good deal to do with it John Mitchell Davidson , M . D , Nottingham , said , I am one of the honorary physician * to the Nottingham Poor Law Union . Last Sunday week , I saw several cMWren in the children ' s hospital ; it is a room lately appropriated for that purpose . I must say , that 1 never , in the course of my professional life , saw a more distressing sight—so many infants ( under twelve months old ) sick , congregated together . I found the room close and offensive . I cannot say the -present number of children in the room . I thiak I have never attended
an institution where there were so many children as in this bouse . I think decidedly that ten mothers and children in that room too many ; all the children to whom my attention was directed were labouring under Inflammatory action o ! the ehest , especially of the bronchial mucus membranes , accompanied in every case with great general prostration of strength , so as to preclude at that time the use of active remedies . I consulted with Mr . Stanger as to the treatment advisable under the circumstances . 1 expressed an opinion that the ^;« t * j * which 1 saw was increased by the circumstances under which the children tad been placed , rendering it more intractable . Children living in an impure atmosphere , bear disease worse , and bear remedies worse . I then told Mr . Stanger , that I considered the medical
treatment admissible in their state was of a very limited ; extent ; that a purer atmosphere was the best xnsdicine , for them . 1 have seen some of the children since . I ' know the single vomen ' i day room ; I have frequently | been in it I think 1 never was in it without finding . too many persons there ; it was so to-day , when a ; number of women were oat , and at the workhouse . I : know the single women's sleeping room . I have been in it ! repeatedly . I think fifteen women and fifteen children , too many to sleep in that room , for it to be in a healthy state . 1 never have known that room when there have bees so lew steeping in it as to reader it safe . I feave been a honorary medical officer about a year and nine months . I have frequently been in th « rooms of ! the house—I mean the two rooms , the single women ' s :
day and sleeping rooms . Latterly , I have not considered them healthy ; sometimes I hare considered tham remarkably healthy , considering the circumstances . If a child of six menths old or . under , were to spend its time during the day in the single women ' s day-room , , and sleeping at night hi the single -women's steepingloom , I do not consider it likely that it woald be in a healthy state . I consider it owing , in a great measure , to the great care and cleanliness , that they have been so healthy as they have . A child living in those rooms -would be rendered more susceptible of disease from exposure to the sudden changes of temperature , because its general strength would be impaired . Frem what I > w of the children on Sunday week , I was net at all Hgjjkiiliiiiii I n Tn in nT the deaths of those who have died ; ¦ " ¦¦ - jm ' ere pale and gasping for breath . I do not Bay v ^ -jyjjjgfrtjg atmosphere of the corns produced the diseasp ,
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but I think the children -would be more liable to be acted upon by atmospheric changes , as well as less able to bear the disease , and on that account I suppose the state of tha atmosphere in these rooms may have had some operation in the child ' s death . I think several circumstances have lattly contributed to render those roams unhealthy ; the crowded state of the bouse ; the stats of the weather , confining the people to the rooms , and tending to keep the windows and other means of ventilation closed . I am decidedly of opinion that these causes hare had an effect , as I am enabled to pee from my professional friends , there has not been anything like the same proportion of cases , similar to these , amongst children at the breast in private practice . It has alwayB been my opinion that I have found the rooms in too crewded a state . I am a * are the number in the house has bees considerably reduced , and I certainly consider the room less unhealthy .
Absalom Barnet , master of the Nottingham "Union poor-house , said , I have just ' measured the single woman ' s day-room ; it is eighteen feet long , by sixteen feet wide , and about ten feet high ; the sleeping room is sixteen feet long , by sixteen feet wide , and about ten feet higb . ~ Verdict—•• Died in the aaid Union poor-house , from inflammation of the chest ; and that the said Robert Porter appears to have been rendered more susceptible of disease , and less able to bear the . application of active remedies , when under disease , from having lived in certain rooms in the said Union poor-house not adapted to the reception of the number of persons required to live and sleep therein ; and this inquest strongly recommend immediate steps to be takes , to prevent a recurrence of death from the causes which have accelerated the death of the sal J Robert Porter . "
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have had from him . ; This is s > ooynmen occurrence about Middleton sod the neighbourhod . Many travellers have gives np the trade—their once good customers now impoverished , their purchases very small , and bad debts rendering the trade a ruinous one to those engaged in it ' : Shopkeepers and PfioviaioH dsaj . bbs .-i . The quantity of meal sold in proportion to the floor it mush greater than ft used to be half a dozan or three or four years ago . Sells much less of cheese and sugar , and not more than two-thirds of bis farmer sale ; and not more than half the tobacco . The quantity of malt is reduced to one-third of his sale in better time * . Debt * cannot be paid ; many honest and industrious customers . have debt * standing aver till times mend .
2 . More meal in proportion to the flour sold sow than a few yean ago . His customers buy half a pound or a pound of meal at once , a « they are able . Much less tea sold ; sugar one-half less ; tobacco one-third less . New butter not much bought ; old cheaper ; often none used . In cheese the reduction Is one-half . Bread sold in pennyworths oommpnly ; all the common articles of food sold now' in very small quantities . Debts standing over till better times . Only Bells one load of malt where he used to sell four . Boy came for three halfpenny worths of meal in rags j family of seven , sober and industrious '; at moot-wases with fall w # rk 11 s . to 12 & per week ; father 7 s . or 8 a , two bays earn 4 s , with setting cards . Only one bed for seven persons ; no hope of improvement
3 . Double quantity of meal and coarse flour sold in propoition to the whole quantity for bread . Customers who used to buy a pound of sugar now buy a pennyworth , or a quarter of a pound for i . twopense . Tea sold in quantities as small as half a quarter of an ounce , for a halfpenny . Butter as low as a halfpenny or a penny ; bacon a peony , or a quarter , of a pound for twopence . Feur or five in a family send for half ah oatcake , worth one halfpenny , with bits and scraps of bacon , woith a halfpenny or a penny more . Meal sells most in . quantities of one pound each . Only sells half as much cheese as formerly , and of a lower quality At breakfast and dinner hours many come in tor ahalfpenny er a penny worth of bread . Debts cannot be collected . Knows that many of his customers are short of food ; heart many a curse as the destitute part with their last coin for half a meal for themselves and their children . Wishes Sir Robert Peel nilgb * « tand in his shop for one day , and will gladly let any gentleman do so who doubts any part of this statement
Botchers , Skinners , and Tanners Estimate that four years ago 180 beasts were killed weekly in the parish of Rochdale ; now not more than 65 to 70 are killed . Sheep and pigs much fewer . Poor pieces eagerly bought ; good joints difficult of sale . Customers bay a pennyworth or two-pennyworth of bits of suet or steak- Cannet buy more . The condition of the population very much worse than foot years go . Dispensary . —The reports of the Dispensary exhibit a very serious increase of the number of applicants for medical assistance . In 1835 the applicants
were 1 , 809 , and in 1840 not less than 2 , 444 . The Good Samaritin Society exhibited the Bame symptoms of distress . In the three years ending 1837 , the numbers relieved were 807 , while in the three years ending 1840 they had increased to 963 , and the increase of expenditure in 1841 over that of 1835 , was £ 1 . , or 115 per cent The Poor-rates in Scotland township in 1835 were £ 4 , 638 , while in 1840 they amounted to £ 6 , 332 . The committals by the Magistrates had increased in the three dear years , as compared with the three cheap years , by 502 cases , or 67 pet cent
The wages in the cotton trade are now coming down , and the decline is already from 12 to 15 per cent within a few months . Many persons are unemployed , and there is no prospect of any change for the better . Surgeon ' s Opinion . —We , the undersigned , areof opinion that , owing to the high price of food and want of employment , the labouring classes in the borough of Rochdale and its neighbourhood tire now suflering great and increasing privations . That they are in great numbers nnable to obtain wholesome fo « d sufficient
quantity to maintain them in health , and thus they are predisposed to disease and rendered nnable to resist its attacks . That affections and diseases of the skin , with many others , are caused by a poor supply of food , and by innutritions food , and that many cases of appalling distress and suffering come almost daUy under our notice . In these respects the population amongst whom we practice are in a much' worse position now that they were five or six yean ago ; and that , for three yean past , their condition has been gradually sinking , and we never knew them in so bad a state at a » y former
period . T . H . WARDLBWOBTH , Robert Byker , George Morris , Walteb Dunlop . Rochdale , Dec 13 th . 1841 .
PRESTON . Although Preston has not suffered to the same extent as many other manufacturing towns , yet , as evidences of the deterioration of its trade and tie sufferings of the people , I present you with the following statement on which yeu may rely . Last year the collectors of poon ' -rates returned the unoccupied houses as 1 , 230 . Although they have not quite finished the delivery of the tickets for the present half-yesr , they stated that there will be at least an additional 400 houses empty , so that we have now upwards of 1 , 600 houses without tenants . It would be difficult to slate with certainty the number of person * out of work . Lost spring an anti-Corn Law petition was signed by 1200 of this class . The number I am certain is now more than doubled .
Last year the cost of maintaining the poor was higher than in the previous years , but the out-relief is now 55 per cent and the in-door relief 41 per cent more than at this time last year . Even young men , skilled artisans , are begging every week for admission into the workhouse . The number of patients admitted into the Preston Dispensary not only shows the increase of sickness among the poor , but plainly points out the periods of cheap food as decidedly favourable to health : — Number of cases ;—In 1832 , 2 , 481 ; 1833 , 2 , 267 ; 1834 , 2 , 400 ; 1835 , 2 308 ; 1836 , 1 . 910 ; 1837 , 2374 ; 1838 , 2 , 2 U 3 ; 183 y , 2 , 431 ; 1810 , 3 , 072 ; 1841 . 3 . 978 .
The bills of mortality for the pariah show , that while the baptisms have increased in about the same ratio as the population , the burials are more than double the number in 18 < 0 compared with 1841 . The increase of mortality is seen from the following returns for Prestou for the four years since the sew registration was introduced : —Number of deaths—1838 , 1 , 269 ; 1839 , 1 , 277 ; 1840 , 1 , 739 ; 1841 , 1 . 729 . The following account of the number of cases tried for felony at the Preston sessions from 1831 to 1841 , clearly mark the cheap and dear yean in their influence unon crime : — In the year 1831 , 248 cases ; in 1832 , 224 cases ; in 1833 , 198 cases ; in 1834 , 249 casts ; in 1835 , 168 cases ; in 1836 , 187 cases ; in 1837 , 277 cases ; iu 1838 , 308 cases ; in 1835 , 328 cases ; in 1840 , 366 cases ; in 1839 , 366 cases ; in 1841 , 421 cases .
This increase has been principally from those residing in the town , as will appear from the following : — Cases of Felony from Preston . In the year 1835 , 18 ; 1836 , 27 ; in 1837 , 84 ; in 1838 , 108 ; in 1839 , 112 ; in 1840 , 160 ; in 1841 , 144 TUb alarming increase is attributed by some to the increase of dram-shops , concert-rooms , Ac , bat when I consider the great increase of churches , chapels , schools , and moral institutes , which ought to be in their counteracting icfiuence , I cannot help attributing much of this increase to the want of employment > caused by the pressure of the times , and which always falls first upon the idle and dissolute .
The wages of spinners have been reduced this year about ten per cent , with a probability of a still greater reduction . The wages of the weaver fell twenty-five per ctnt . during the present year . Some manufacturers have closed , and many others are regularly reducing the number of their hands . Wearers are wandering about and willing to take' work at any price . Every body ' s spirits are down ; the shopkeepers are complaining bitterly , and the small farms in the neighbourhood , owing to bad seasons and heavy taxes , are fast sinking into ruin . A subscription has been raised ,
seup , meal , clothing , and bedding are being given to the poor . I visit the houses of the poor every week , but to give you a description of the poor living and the miserable furniture ( if such it can be called ) , of the wretched bedding , of the amount of human wretchedness and misery which I find amongst them , would exceed all belitf unless it were witnessed . I took the Rev . Mr . Spencer and J . Curtis , Esq ., when here , to see some of these cases , and they seemed astonished at the scenes of human misery , as well as Christian patience exhibited by these poor people .
Owners if cottage property can scarcely get any rent , and distress sales are frequent I asked one of the collectors to give me the returns of the amounts of some of his distress sales . He handed me the following statement of the gross sums received at thirteen different Bales within the last two months : — 1 st , £ 1 Us . ; 2 nd , Us . 2 gd . ; 3 rd , £ 2 8 * . ; 4 th , 39 . 4 Jd . ; 5 th , 14 s . 2 d . ; 6 th , 8 s . 3 jd . ; 7 th , 12 s . 6 jd . ; 8 th . 7 s . 4 d . ; 8 th . 2 s . 8 d- ; 10 th , 12 s . 3 d . ; 11 th , 7 s . 10 £ d >; 12 th , 13 s . Id . ; 13 th , 6 s . 3 d . It may be necessary to explain that the sale which produced £ 2 8 s ., was in the case ' of a small shopkeeper When it is considered that the miserable bedding and furniture of a whole family will sot fetch more than £ 2 8 s ., 2 s . 8 d ., or 3 s . 4 d ., or scarcely in amount to more than 208 . can we wonder at the pepreasion of the home market ?
Indeed we are in a dreadful state , snd although apparently as quiet as du > ih , the feeling of disaffection it rapidly progressing . Our sinking in morals is not less rapid than that in reference to our physical condition . J . LiVBBET . Prsston , Dee . 15 , 1841 . OSWALDTWISTLE , IN THE PARISH OF WEALLKT . Population 6 , 500 . There are 1 , 177 Individuals , constituting 243 families , whose average earnings per week are 18 . 2 id . No account was taken of any family when
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the earnings amounted to or exceeded 2 s . per week for ' each individual , and a great number were just over that limit The general destitution is great . In some cues the "visitor * , found only one bed for ten persona , without a pirtiele of covering , and in many instances , four , five , and sixhad to occupy one bed , with nothing to throw over them . A great many Those earnings are more than 2 s . are almost ' entirely destitute of beds and clothing . :. ' . . V : ¦ ¦ ' ¦ . . ¦ : ¦ ' " ,, ¦ v , '¦ . :.. . ¦' ¦ . ¦ . ' :. . The scenes of misery , destitution , and wretchedness which the visitors have witnessed , they would hope are without a parallel , and there appears at present no prospect of any amendment , bnt fear that even the ¦ mallpittance which many are enabled to ; obtain will be yet farther reduced . / '¦ : . .- ¦ '• .
Abont £ 280 have been collected in aid of the suffering poor of the district Sir Robert Peel owns land in the parish from which he draws in rent about £ 2 , 000 a-year . I understand that he has gives the " princely " donation , from the above sum of £ 20 towards the relief of the poor . . ' ,,- ; . ' . DeceKber 15 th , 1841 . Glossop . —Since 1836 the reduction in wages has been on spinning 25 per cent ,, on card-room bands 12 percent , on power-loom weaving 14 per cent . With regard to the numbers employed , only one part of the
neighbourhood has aa yet been taken . " But , judging from the one that has been taken , I should say that the number of unemployed in the manor is about 700 . The number of mills not working is 13 . On account of the badness of trade there is no building going on , and all masons , joiners , &c , in the neighbourhood are out of work . But now there is a great number of houses uninhabited , and the depression of all kinds of property has been . very great . I think I may safely say that there is not a single spinner ^ or manufacturer who is not carrying on his business at a loss , and is many cases a very great one .
HYDH . A reduction of the wages of factory hands to the amount of 12 per cent has taken place in the last two years . In and adjoining Hyde , factories heretofore employing 1 , 700 bands are entirely stopped ; and others employing 4 , 000 hands are working only feur days a week . Almost all the carpenters , masons , bricklayers , machine-makers , and many other artlauis and common labouren are suffering fromwant of employment There are aix Cotton factories and one print works sot working . Grime has considerably increased . All the manufacturers have been obliged to work their machinery
with fewer hand * , and have discharged every person with whom they could possibly dispense . Many workpeople who had bails cottages have been obliged to sell them .: Emigration is going on more extensively from this neighbourhood than at any former period . Many of the steadiest and moat skilful operatives are included amongst the ; emigrants . Hyde , until lately , baa been remarkable for being one of the most prosperous manufacturing districts ; but- there is now ; a marked difference in the comforts and appearance of the inhabitants ; and the distress among the working classes is rapidly ncreaaing .
HAMLET AND SUBURBS OF HOSSLEY . Population , 8 , 000 ; houses , 1 , 650 ; unoccupied houses , 140 ; mills working , 37 ; partially working , 6 ; entirely stopped , 8 ; working full time , 7 ; working short time , 22 ; hands employed , 2 . 800 ; bands unemployed , 460 . Wages . —The decrease in the wages of cotton bands during the last ten years is 25 per cent The decrease in the wages of woollen hands for the same time is 45 percent . Condition . —The want of employment , and the general working of short time , cause the district to be in a very deplorable state . There are many families in the deepest distress . Shopkeepers and tradesmen of all kinds cry out most bitterly ; complaints are universally prevalent , and prospects for the future exceedingly dark and gloomy , and altogether thingB seam to be on a fearful system of the downward " sliding scale . "
BURY . Wages paid by Wages paid by R . Walker , Smith , Walker 4 Brother , and Co ., ma- engineers and iron chine-makers . founders . Total . 1836 £ 22 , 039 £ 23 . 414 £ 45 , 543 1837 16 , 774 19 . 814 36 . 687 1838 20 , 366 ,. 27 , 200 47 , 566 1839 , 14 , 219 25784 40 , 003 1840 11 , 124 17 , 709 .. » 28 , 833 1841 10 , 546 13 , 251 23 , 804
The wages for the last few weeks have only averaged £ 350 a week , with every prospect of a still further falling off . The only alteration in the rate of wages is amongst the mechanics , but that will-not amount to more than five per cent , upon the present gross payments . The machine-making establishment' has been almost entirely employed in making'self-acting mules , or altering old mule * so as to work upon that principle . LEIGH . The greater part of the working population is employed in silk weaving , and the wages paid are nominally the same as in 1836 , but since that period the trade has experienced numerous and great depressions , during which heavy deductions have been made
from the wages of weavers . The cotton weavers employed have bad their wages reduced abeut 20 to 26 per cent since 1836 , and they now receive 5 s . for weaving a description of cloth fer which 30 s . were regularly paid to 1816 . An able-bodied and clever workman does not earn more than 5 s . per week in this branch . It is calculated that there are 3 , 000 looms out of employment during the last three months , and perhaps about 4 , 000 employed in the silk trade . The cotton weavers of the district have been little more than half employed for the two years previous to last October , since when they have been somewhat better employed , though not fully , and great numbers have given it ap altogether . The bands in four factories are fnlly employed , and in the remaining five about half employed .
The following are the amounts paid on account of the poor ' s-rates since the formation of the Leigh Union : — The last three months in 1838 £ 1 , 415 1839 3 , 772 1840 ...... i 674 The first nine months in 1841 3 . S 97 There are two cotton factories unemployed . In consequence of the scarcity of work , the low rate of wages , and the high price of provisions , a subscription to the amount of £ 400 has been raised in the township for the relief of the most destitute ; and from the reports of the vistors employed , it appears that the people aie in a State of greater wretchedness than they have been in since the year 1826 .
WIGAN . The handloom weavers have been reduced since the year 1835 from 7 s . to 5 s . per piece . The power loom weavers have been reduced in a similar proportion to the mule spinners and reelers , as will be explained below . The cotton spinners' rate of wages haa not varied much for the last six years , except among reelers and mule spinners , whose wages have been reduced one-fifth . With four exceptions , the mills in the town are now working only four days a week ; consequently , reducing the operatives one-third for want of full employment The colliers in Wigan and the neighbourhood , in the year 1836 , got 6 s . 8 d . for getting three tons of coals . In the present year 1811 , they get 7 s . fo » getting seven tons sixteen owt of
coals , and there is now more difficulty in getting the coals than there was in 1835 , owing to the depth of the pits , and the accumulation of water and inflammable gas . 795 families have been visited , comprising 3 , 780 individuals ; of these 1 / 23 are under twelve years of age ; of the remainder , at least , one-third are entirely unemployed , another one-third wholly employed , and the other one-third only partially employed . At a fair computation by persons compttant to form an opinion , at least , one-balf of the population consists of labouring persons , of whom one half are wholly unemployed . The amount of poot's-rates for the last six years : — Upon an assessment of £ 34 , 930 , the annual average rate levied for the years 1836 , 1837 , and 1838 , was £ 3 , 403 15 s . 6 d . In 1839 . a new assessment was
made , and upen the new assessment of £ 47 712 , the rate levied for the year 1839 was £ 4 , 771 15 s 6 d : in 1840 It w ^ a £ 6 , 464 ; and in 1841 it has already been at £ 8 , 742 . There are seven mills at present not working and notice has been given this week for the stoppage of another in a fortnight . The largest engineering establishment in the town has commenced partially working four days per week . There are upwards of 200 persons employed at this establishment . The people , although in great distress , and in too many Instances , positively starving to death , appeared to enjoy momentary consolation ffom the very fact of persons being appointed to inquire into and sympathise with their suffering . The persons vltited consisted of band-loom weavers , factory operatives . coal-mlners , artUans , and others , all of whom .
with the exception of a trifling few , obligingly gave the required information . The number of families visited were 795 , comprising 3 , 780 individuals , 1423 of whem are under twelve years of age , about one-third of the remainder are without employment ; the other twothirds , some of them wholly , and others partially employed , unitedly , average in their weekly earnings , with parochial relief included , and rent deducted , £ 279 7 s 7 d , which divided , will give each individual the sum of Is . 6 £ d per week for food , clothing , candles , fuel , soap , Ac , or which , laid out in good bread at its now exorbitant price , would purebaa * only ?} lbft per week , or scarcely lib . Sot per day for each individual , leaving nothing for other food , el » thlng , fuel , tea , ooffee , or any ether article necessary . This mm per head is not equal in amount to the average cost oi
each pauper throughout the Poor Law Unions , Oat of the whole number there are 1 , 159 whose avenge income varies from sixpence to one shilling per head per week , and not more . Desirous of eliciting every information connected with the manner in which the working people live both by night and by day , it was found that 1 , 104 persons slept three in abed ( If such it could be called ) , 713 four in a bed , 300 five , 150 six , and 66 seven and eight in a bed , while a very many poor creatures were met with who had neither bed nor bedding , nor anything but the bare floor to lie down upon when nature became exhausted . Nineteen-twentieth ! of the material ! termed " beds" and " bedding" cannot properly be said to have claim to such like terms , being nothing mere in the majority of cases than old straw , chaff , shavings , or some other such like materials , heh
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together by coarse wrappering , without either blankets , sheets , or coverings of any kind , and in many instances where there was covering , it was only a piece of coarse calico pieces . Some had sold , and others pawned all they could spare , even to their beds and bedding , to procure food for themselves and famishing children . However unnatural it may appear , it is nevertheless true , that In some , dwellings old age , youth , and infancy , six , seven , and « jght in number , of both sexes , are obliged to huddle indiscriminately together in ene bed , for want of means to provide better accommodation . Several hundreds of families , both parents and children , have no change of clothes of . any description .. the linen of botyi men , women , and children , has to be washed on the Saturday
night , the parties having to remain entirely destitute until it is dried . Hundreds also complain of tbeli inability to attend their respective places of worship on . the Sabbath day , for ¦ want of decent clothes to appear in ; while many , after relating the appalling difficulties under which they laboured , wished ' " The Almighty might . terminate their sufferings before morning . " In several houses , during our visit in the afternoon , the children were crying most piteously , and in reply to a question for their so doing , it was stated they were ; crying for . bread , not having tasted any kind of food that day . Some of the dwellings contained scarcely anything but the bare walls ; in many of this description , there being no seats or any kind of furniture , we were obliged to write standing with our books upon our knees .
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BEAUTIES OF ENGLISH LAW . On the 5 th of February last , there was published in the Shrewsbury Chronicle a paragraph , in which Mr . Fauntleroy . a wool-merchant of Bermondsey , was stated to have suffered a heavy loss , from having been induced to give goods to a person named Howell , engaged in the woollen trade at Llanidloes , which were afterwards obtained by the party by whom the character was given . The name of the individual who gave the character was not stated in the paragraph , but on the 12 th February the attorney of Mr . Jonea , a banker at Llanidloes , sent an affidavit to the Shrewsbury Chronicle , to the effect that bis client was the party alluded to in the paragraph . On the 4 th of March , Jones , through his attorney , demanded the name of the persen who forwarded the
original paragraph for publication , accompanied by a suggestion that if a statement were inserted to the effect that the editor'" had inquired into the accusation against Jones , and found it false " , this might end all further proceeding ! After some correspondence , the name of the writer of the paragraph was communicated to Jones , and in the Shrewsbury Chronicle of the 12 th of March appeared the following retractation : — " As some persona seemed to imagine that the statements in the jaragraph of the 5 th of February apply to Benjamin Jones , Esq ., banker , Llanidloes . we have made inquiry , and are authorised to state that not the slightest
imputation rests on that gentleman . We are glad to give this decided contradiction . " On the day that this contradiction appeared , the writ in the action was issued . The trial was appointed to take place in London in June last , and for eighteen days the plaintiff and his attorney and witnesses , and the witnesses of the defendant , were kept there at enormous expence , and dismissed without the cause being tried . The plaintiff then cauBed a special jnry to be summoned to try the cause , and all the witnesses on both sides had again to be taken tu London , where , on Friday , the 3 rd instant , the cause was tried , and one farthing damages were given .
The plaintiff applied ta his Lordship to certify , in Order to have his costs ; but Lord Denman said be did not consider this a case which required a certificate . The Shrewsbury Chronicle gives the following estimate of the plaintiff " a costs : — EXPENSES OF WITNESSES , &C ., ON THE FIRST TRIAL , IN JUNE . JONES V . WATTON . Owens , solicitor , 18 days , at two guineas a-day ... ... ... 37 16 0 Travelling expenses , 186 miles , at Is . a mile up 9 6 0 Ditto ^ down 9 6 0 Pryce , manufacturer 15 s a-day for 18 days 13 10 0 Trav elling expenses . up and' down Is . a miles , from Llanidloes to London , 200 miles 20 o 0 Morris , stationer . 15 s . a-day for 18 days ... 13 10 0 Travelling expences , up and down ,
200 miles ... ... ... ... 20 0 0 Sturkey , 18 days , at a guinea a-day ... 18 18 0 Travelling expences , 186 miles , up and down ... 18 18 0 Hayward , 18 days at two guineas a-day ... 37 16 0 Travelling expenceB 20 0 0 Jones , 18 days , at 158 . a-day 13 10 0 Travelling expences 20 0 0 Fee to the counsel 21 0 0 Br iefs ... 15 0 0
SECOND TRIAL . Owens , 5 days ' . 10 10 0 Travelling expenses , up and down 18 12 0 Star key , 5 dayo ... ... ... ... 5 5 0 Travelling expenses 20 9 0 Hayward , 5 days 10 10 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Fish , 5 days 3 15 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Davles , 5 days ... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Jones , 5 days . 3 15 0 Travelling expenses ... ... 20 0 0 Refreshers to three counsel 6 6 * Fees to their clerks ' 110 Special jury „ . 21 0 0 Court Fees 4 0 0 Other cotts of the cause 35 0 o
£ 511 13 0 These are independent of the defendant ' s costs , the greater party of which , as it turns out , the plaintiff will have to pay , and also independent of all the costs between himself and his attorney . The Welsh have the character of being * a very litigious people , and no stronger proof could be given of their peculiar propensity than this brief narrative . Mr . Jones , however , must be convinced now that a man may " pay too much for his whistle . "
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RULES AND OBJECTS OF THE ANTI-TOBACCO TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATION . 1 . That this Association be denominated the Anti-Tobacco Temperance Association . 2 . That the affairs of the Association shall be managed by a Committee of six persona , -with power to add to their number . 3 . That the Members of the Committee shall be elected every six months , one half to be re-elected . 4 . That the Committee shall meet once a week , er oftener If necessary . 5 . That there be a general meeting of the Associa tion every for the admission of members , to receive reports , and the transaction of general business . 6 . That no rule or article be altered without the . consent of a mujority of members , all ef whom shall receive a week ' s notice of the same . 7 . That e ; ich member subscribe one penny per week , to defray the expences of the association .
. 8 . Thut it be the duty of this Association to advance the moral und intellectual welfare of the members , by lectures and other means . 9 . That as early as the funds will allow , a convenient place shall ba hired for the use of the Association , and a library of useful books oe established , in order that the members may spend their leisure hours profl : ably , and But a good example . 10 . That the members of the Association are earneatly recommended to take an interest in the welfare of each other , by trading with , and endeavouring to procure employment for any of the members who are in waiit of the same ; and in order to facilitate this object , a record of each member ' s trade , or occupation , be kept by the secretary , and read over at the general monthly meetings .
11 . That the members of this Association adopt , as their motto , the following beautiful rule of justice , "Do unto others as ye would they should do unto you . ' 12 . In order that harmony of sentiment , and unanimity of action , may characterise the Association , all discussion on questions of Theology is expressly furbidden . 13 . That in order to prevent embarrassment in the pecuniary afftirs of the Association , the Committee shall not allow the debts of the Association to exceed , at anytime , the sura of 10 s . 14 . That persons desirous of becoming members of this Association must abstain from tobacco , snuff , cigars , and all intoxicating drinks for one week previous to their admission , in order to try the principle and prevent a relapse .
15 . That a prise be given for the best essay on the bad effects of tobacco , as soou as the funds can award the same ; tue amoutt of prize to be decided by a majority of members . 16 . That the following be the pledge and qualification or membership ; We , the undersigned , agree to abstain from tobabeo , snuff , cigars , and all intoxicating liquors , fermented or distilled , and-In every suitable way discountenance the causes and practises of intemperance . . . ' - ¦ , ' . . ' : ' " . " ' . ¦ 17 . That visitors be chosen to distribute tmta , visit members , collect eontributioBs , and to make such statistical rttarns as may be oaUed for . Also thai a Supeiintendentbe appointed to every ten visitors . 18 . That an annual meeting of the AssodaUoa be held at such time and place as tha committee may appoint , at which meeting a General Report of the Association ' s proceedings during tho past year shall be
19 . That there be open Committee on Tuesday even ings , at Mr . Durreils Coffee House / 9 , West Smith fluid . Chair taken at eight precisely . 20 . All communications may sent , post-paid , to Mi Christio , I . O . R-, 7 , Duke-street , Hmithfleld .
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PROSECUTION FOR « SEDITION" t » IRELAND . I In the Leinster Express , ( a Tory journal , ) p ubH * J on Saturday , there is a report of an ¦ application , ^/ l on the previous Monday to the magistrates at the j 2 - $ Sessions of Mountmelick , Queen ' s County , to recernf i formation for iedition agsinrt Mr . Wlllfam ConnV ' respectable landholder , who resides at Inch , fogl neighbourhood of Stradhally . TJ Mr . Browne , from the ofliee of the Crown Solicitor ! ¦ the Home Circuit , attended by direction of the Attj ney-GeheraT to prosecute the case . The first wits , examined wa * George Stewart Hill ; Sub-InspectoT Police ; who read his own-Information' . > ' i ^ rte cii Saifliay , the 14 th November last . Aft IHvine service-on . that day , a&w about one hnhurftd i * sons assembled'in the Market-square of MountmeUV and saw William Connor addressing them in a vio 2 .
and exciting tone of language . Heard Connor say ftl ' the Members of Parliament were a Uzy , scurvy , self rascals * useless servants , and forgot themselves B ^ Other rascals j that tyrant landlords would beTnurdenil and that it was not be wondred at , for it was nottfat but the reward of tyranny , and the fault lay nowfaltf but at their own doors' . ' And Connor further added < tell Sir Robert Peel and the Government that tit ! never will be peace in Ireland till these grievances * remedied . Connor was frequently cheered bythepeorT and witness has no doubt that such language , address to persona in the rank of life of those assembled , wo * be calculated to hold up landlords to hatred , and t » & dace . public discontent and hostility to the laws of % : country . " Mr . Hil ! -further stated , that hefcad baT handed two printed papers by Sub-Constable Donah with the name of William Conner attached to enej them ; and that the paper contained the following « t sages : —
" That every man having the possession of t » portion of the soil as a tenant > at-will , or on a 1 * 2 shall have a fair valuation of his land by a jury of swZ \ men . " , " That neither tithe , rent-charge , county-cM poor-rate , nor any other acreeble assessment , shallj , charged to the tenant , in addition to the valued « H » Mr . Hill said he believed that such words were 4 culated to create discontent * and disaffection amonjj ^ Majesty ' s subjects . . Mr . Samuel Sheane , a Magistrate , and Polictto * gave evidence of a similar kind . ^ Mr . Connor said that he urged the people noil .
violate the laws ; though he could , predict mwfc from the present state of the laws"Myaddresa on that and thirty or fortyot ot occasions was not of a political tendency—it relate to political economy : therefore , I thing the whc « matter harmless , and : not a crime against the la « i of the country . If I am allowed to examine wi nesses , I shall satisfy the Magistrates of my inn * cence : my . arguments are against the rackreu 8 ystemof the country , founded on the lawoftb land ; and I told the people in my address , th | nothing could justify them to raise their hani against their landlords or the laws of the country I am a landlord myself . "
Mr . Connor afterwards added , that his object wm to show the people the way to redress their grievances by their undoubted right to petition . Mam speeches much stronger than his had been deliver ^ in Parliament . Captain Tibaudo , one of the Magistrates on tli bench , said that he considered suoh language calcv lated to inflame an excitable mob ; and Mr . Conner was held to bail to answer the charge at the net Assizes .
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From the Ltndon Gazette of Friday , Dec 17 . BANKRUPTS . John Walker , Wardour-street , Oxford-street , 9 praiser , to surrender Dec . 21 , at half-past one , Jan . % , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basingbsi street . Solicitors , Messrs . Cranch and Wright , Lond » street , Fenchuroh-street ; official assignee , Mr . Belch * John Griffiths , Leicester-street , Regent-street , mi liner , Dec . 24 , at half-past two , Jan . 28 , at one , at th Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitor , it Bell , Craven-street , Strand ; official assignee , It Pennell . William Amos , Walbrook , City , sponge-merchaa , Dec . 24 , at eleven , Jan . 28 , at two , at the Court t Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Ruth ford , Lombard-street ; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . Charles Daniell , Oxford-street , jeweller , Dec . 28 , J « 28 , at twelve , at the Court of . Bankruptcy , Basingh street . Solicitor , Mr . Spyer , Broad-street-building official assignee , Mr . Whitmore , Basinghall-street .
Augustus Frederick Hemming , Chisw « U <« treet Fis > bury , elastic surgical instrument-maker , Dec . 27 , Ja 28 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , BasinghaJ . street Solicitor , Mr . Teague , Crown-court , Cheapsidt ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , Copthall-buHdings . John William Horend , Paradise-street , Lambet builder , Dec . 28 , at one , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Coal of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitor * , Mess Thompson and Co ., Bucklersbury ; official assignee , & Graham , Basinghall-street- ¦¦' Robert Bacon and Robert Wayman , Barbican , wb workers , Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , at one , at the Court of Bant ruptcy , Ba 8 inghall'Strieet Solicitors , Messrs . Crodf and Co ., Church-passage , Old Jewry ; official assigna , Mr . Graham , Basinghall-street .
William Blain , St Andrew ' s-road , South wark . draps , Deo . 27 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of B » okrapb | Baslnghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Cattlin , Ely-pla Holborn ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , Coptbsi buildings . Robert Scott , William Falrlie , and Joseph Ha Union-court , City , merchants . Deo . 20 . at twelve , Ja 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bssingh street Solicitor , Mr . Gordon , Old Broad-street ; <§ cial assignee , Mr . Johnson , BaainghaU-street JohnColnett , Gravesend , hotel-keeper , Dec . 28 , < half-past one , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Coort of BaaV ruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitors , Mr . Shoubrida , Bedford-row ; official assignee , Mr . Gibson , Basingh street
Elihu Wilson , King-street , St Giles , stationer , Ji 8 , atone , 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankrupt . Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Gale , Bulngh * street ; official assignee , Mr . Groom , Abchurch-laBa Edward Hale Hughes , Wraxbam , Denbighthkt licensed victualler , Dec . 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , att Wynnstay Arms Inn , Wrexham . Solicitors , Meal Philpot and Son , Southampton-street , Bioomibaf square ; and Mr . Hughes , Wrexham . Timothy Bourne , Liverpool , cotton-broker , Dec . 81 Jan . 28 , at one , at the Clarendon Rooms , Llverpoi Solicitors , Mr . Howard , Liverpool ; and Messrs . J » ings , Bolton , and Jenings , Elm-court , Temple . Joseph Rogers , Shrewsbury , hop-dealer , Dec . 31 , J * 28 , at eleven , at the Guildhall , Shrewsbury . Solicit * Messrs . Ponall and Cross , Staple Inn ; and Mr . Coop Shrewsbury .
John Kigbton , Hebbum , Durham , brewer , Jaoatone , 23 , at eleven , at the Bankrupt Commisit Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , Mr . Hoj * Newca&tle-upon-Tyne : and Messrs . Crosby and Cof ton , Church-court , Old Jewry . Thomas Eskrigge , Warrington , Lancashire , cott » manufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at twelve , at the * Claw ** Rooms , Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Adlingtn > , fl » gory , Faulkner , and Follett , Bedford-row ; and Ms * Nicholson and Sons , Warrington . Joseph Peel , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , picture-d « Jan . 13 , at eleven , 28 , at one , at the Bankrupt C * mission Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , fe Plumptre , Lamb-tuliding , Temple ; and Mr . < W Newcastle-upon-Tyne . James lngham , Halifax , Yorkshire , stonemason , 0 * 29 , at niae , Jan . 28 , at the Shakespeare Inn , HiB * Solicitors , Messrs . Jaques , Battye , and Edwardi , 3 r place 1 add Mr . Edwards , Halifax .
Charles Carr , Beaton Norris , Lancashire , cottos * nufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at three , at the Conimisri ** Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Coppoek »• Woollam , Stockport ; and Mr . Coppock , CleTes » row , Saint James's . . Richard Coleman , Manchester , mercer , Jan . 1 , •** 28 , at eleven , at tneCommissioners' Booms , Mane )*** Solicitors , Messrs , Sale and Worthington , MsncM **' and Messrs . Baxter , Loncoln ' s Inn-fields . Michael Potter and John Lever , Manchester , ** mission agents , Jan , 7 , 28 , at two , at the Co « j £ sioners' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Sh * and Heelis , Manchester ; and Mewra . Milne , W > Milne , and Morris , Harcourt-buildings , Temple . ~ Alexander Wynne Pollock , Liverpool , cornmi ** merchant , Jan . 1 , 28 , at two . at the Clarendon 8 ° * Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Sharpe , FleM . Jackson , Bedford-row ; and Messrs . Harvey sod F ** Liverpool .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . " J G . P . Jennings and A . L . Saul , Manchester , I | J press printers—H . Lord and J . Nicholson , L «»* 7 Yorkshire , painters—J . Battersby and H . A . Duck ** Liverpool—D . Broadhurat , J . Broadhurjt , and ** Broadhurst , Manchester , merchants ; as far a * fl £ J . Broarlhurst—G . H . Matterson and F . B . CM ? York , linen-drapers—T . 8 . Eddowes , J . Bettelty ** J . Bury , Liverpool , chain-cable-manufacturer—R'T son and J . Miller , Wheelton , Lancaster , sisait ^* Reid and J . R . Crisp , Liverpool , oommission-m « £ —H . Waterhouse , J . Thompson , and W . B" * Manchester , ootton-spinnera , .
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Fashioms for tub Month . —Coats are verjr worn , particularly at the elbows , and are trtw with a shining subitanoe , which give * them *? ({ lossy appearuM . A rim of white rum dofZ seams , and the covering of the buttons if m , opened , to as to show tho wooden material ajjj HaUare nojr eligltly indented at the top , tig have teen several in whieh put of the brim few off without anv particular regard to theq » W abstracted . Waikiog-dresies are very muftl fij just uow with brown spots of a mad colour , tig on quite irregularly , and the h « eli of the rti ^ j may sometimes be seen trimmed with t » g material A wit of basket-work is now * Jj deal seen as a head-dress , and in these M * g ttrewed over with little silver fish , something * common sprat , which gives it a light and i ^ character . —PuncA .
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STATE OF THE COUNTRY . We select the following examples of the growing destitution of " merrie England" from the papers whieh have reached us since Saturday last The first is a memento of the " distress" exutiug " at Court , " and will be read with peculiar interest at the present time : — THE KOTAX CHRISTENING . It has been determined that the christening of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales shall take place at Windsor ; and from the arrangements in contemplation and in progress , there is no doubt that this ceremony will be celebrated in the chapel of St George , with great pomp and magnificence . There la also very little doubt that is will take place on Thursday , the 10 th of February , the anniversary of her Majesty's union with his Royal Highness Prince Albert . The day , hewever , has not yet been fixed upon by her Majesty . St George ' s Chapel was on Tuesday morning minutely inspected by Mr . S&unders , accompanied by Dr . Reid , who superintended the ventilation and lighting of the House of Commons , for the purpose of adopting some
plan to warm , by means of numerous air-stoves , the whole of the Interior of that extensive edifice during the time occupied by the performance of the ceremony . Earl Delawarr , the Lord Chamberlain , wag engaged for some time in the chapel on Saturday , suggesting ' various arrangements for the ceremony . A covered platform will be erected , leading from the Castle , along which the procession will pass to the chapeL It is expected that the whole of the Knights of the Garter will be present in their robes , with the Military Knights of Windsor , and the several officers ef the order . In the evening there will be a grand banquet in St George ' s Hall , and coven will be laid for upwards of oae hundred and fifty of her Majesty ' s distinguished guests . A magnificent carpet , to be used expressly npon
the occasion of the christening , has been ordered for Si George ' s Hall . It will be studded with various appropriate heraldic devices , in keeping with the embellishments of this spendid apartment , and in connexion with the Order of the Garter . In the centre will be woven a beautiful representation of St George and the Dragon . In order that the whold of her Majesty ' s guests upon this occasion may be accommodated during their stay at Windsor , Frogmore-lodge . will j > e entirely appropriated to their use , orders having been given to the different tradesmen to make the necessary preparations for that purpose . A large house on Cattle-hill , at present empty , lately in the occupation of Colonel Millman , belonging to the Crown , is likewise to be
furnished for the use of the Queen ' s visitors . Several of tbe State apartments at the Castle , which are usually exhibited to the puWie , have been ordered to be closed for the purpose of enabling tbe authorities at tbe Castle to proceed with the necessary arrangements . Amongai the-apartments thus closed are the Ball and Thronerooms , The whole of the internal arrangements connected with this important ceremony have been confided to the skilful superintendence of Mr , Saunders , the Inspector of Palaces . Tbe sponsors invited to answer at the font for the future Monarch are—the King of Prussia ; tbe Duke of Cambridge ; Ferdinand , Duke of Soxe Goburg , uacle of Prince Albert ; the Princess Sophia ; and tbe Duchess of Saxe Cobourg .
SPITALFIELDS WEAVERS . If ever it were imperative to act upon the motto that " charity begin * at home , " it is at this truly awful crisis , when misery , destitution , and . despair are at our very doors . It is true that poverty in its most frightful forms , is spread through the length and breadth of the land—that our agriculturists are steeped to the lips in misery , and our manufacturers are insolvent , while the general trade of the country is at a " dead still ; " and it is equally true that it is the duty of all to do every thing to alleviate and avert , if possible , thia scene of general calamity and national bankruptcy . Still , reason , justice , and policy , demand that we should first attend to the wants of our own homes before we look Abroad . Hence , although we are most anxious to
extend tbe hand of mercy to the starving working classes of England , Ireland , and Scotland , we must be first satisfied that vre have discharged tbe great and paramount duty of charity towards the destitute poor of our own neighbourhood . With this common sense and Christian view of tbe dictates of Christian benevolence and humanity , it is but right that we should , in the first instance , direct tbe stream * of national philanthropy to now to those appalling scenes of woe , misery , and destitution which our metropolis presents , and which are no where to be found in a more frightful form than as they exist in the neighbourhood and the dwellings of tbe Spitalfield * weavers . Sa dreadful are the privations of those wretched men and their families , that nature is daily sinking under them , and numbers are fondly looking to the grave as a release
from their overpowering sufferings . It is impossible for the most obdnr&te to hear even a recital of their miseries without shedding a tear of compassion over the heart-rending catalogue . The greatest distress prevails , at Bethnel Green . In iU workhouse there are 1 , 090 inmates , while 1 , 350 are receiving out-door relief . There is not one person in Bethnal Green who keeps his carriage , and but very few independent , considering that the parish contaias 75 , 000 souls . There are in it 13 , 000 looms , each loom , when at work In Its various ramifications , namely , dying , winding , warping , entering , and weaving , employs three persons , making 39 , 000 persons immediately dependant on the silk branch of this trade . Half these looms are no * out of employ . There are , therefore , 19 , 500 operatives idle , the half of whom have large families pining in penury and most excruciating distress .
DUNDEE . The distress among the labouring population of our own locality at this moment is now more alarming than many of our readers are aware of . Every description of manual labour is now beginning to feel the effects ef a restrictive duty . Though some of our standing machinery has been put into operation , a proportionate extra quantity of weavers have not been employed . The finer fabric , which is principally woven by machinery , no doubt has increased ; but , generally speaking , the greater quantity of spun-yarn has been exported to be spun by the foreigner . While the manufacturing interests feel the efiecta of the prohibitory system , those branches of industry more immediately connected with our home trade , though they too have an interest
in the foreign , have now caogtt the mania , and the consequence is , that many of the families of our best artisans have now to depend on human sympathy for existence . Our dockyards are emptying daily , and house-carpenters are equally helpless j we know one joiner who in May last had upwards of fifty men in his employment , whilst at this moment he can only boast of being able to procure labour for three . Cabinetmakers , too , are complaining , not unjustly . It Is now an undeniable fact , that almost every branch of industry in our country is suffering more or less from the fetters which entwine it ; and that if some salutary plan be not immediately adopted , tbe acknowledged ingenuity and . skill of our mechanics , as well as our capital , must bid as a long and It may be a lasting farewell .
¦ , ' ! BOCHDALB . The following official report was read at a meeting at Manchester the other day : — Cabinet-Makbrs' Fdrritube . —Minute inquiries show that from fifteen years previous to 1 S 28 , there were twenty-eight to thirty journeymen cabinet-makers and a few boys regularly and fully employed iu Rochdale . At this time there are only , twelve or thirteen journeymen and about ten boys in the trade , and these have not bad full and regular employment for a long time past . The population of the town and neighbourhood has greatly increased during the past ifteen or t twenty yean ; bat there has been no increase of lumi' tore , dearly proving that the condition of the 1 people is much worse , and their comforts greatly
abridged . T&avellihg Scotchmen . —1 . Travels Todmorden , Saddleworta , Shaw , Lees , Oldham , Middleton , Heywood , Wardle , and neighbourhood of Rochdale Has travelled part of this district for twenty , years , dealing with many families throughout this period ; his easterners have gradually become poorer , and are now mostly ruined , aad nnable to buy dothing , tea , ooffee , &c , as formerly . Six yean ago their condition was much better . Todmorden was then his best districtnow very much worse , mills there having worked short time many months- In bisjourneys he finds many houses which he has known well furnished almost stripped , the furniture having gradually been disposed of to provide food . Has given np the Wardle dbtrtct , the people being reduced to poverty so alject that they can pay for nothing . Most customers are ashamed to meet him , and skulk away to avoid him when they know he is coming , as they have nothing to pay for what they
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct874/page/6/
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