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THE NOETHE&N STAE. SATURDAY, JANUARY "15, 1842.
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2To ISeawti mtir Corv^pnlioettt^
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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PKOSECUTION OF MR . GEORGE WHITE , BIRMINGHAM . ADDRESS TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATI ONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . Bbothebs ix the CAUSE of Fbbeoom , — Another attempt is being made to imprison oar jMttviotic and energetic leaders—a prosecution for libel against © or champion , George White , and as he v / ill hive to appear , at the Court of Queen ' s Baric a , to show cause why a writ should not be issued against him , and as Mr . White has nothing to depend upon but his own exertions , a Committee has b /^ en formed for the purpose of raising a fund to ena ' ole him to meet his persecutors , andbe prepared for ' his defeace . We therefore take the liberty of soli citing the aid of eTery lover of liberty .
Brother Chartists , —Birmingh ? . m is raH of hnmbngs and pretended friends , -w ' no do aX -that lies in their po-wer to keep the people as divified as they possibly can , which presents a jnost insurmountable difficulties for us to contend » gainst , and were it not for the exertions of iir . Write , with those of our talented lecturer ( Mason , ) n e feel corfident that we should not be able to maintain the position which we now hold . Shall this man , whe has a double claim to our protection , is . consequesce of the determined manner in which , fee stood eg&inst a whole
host of gentlemen assr « 3 sins at the late Corn Law meeting in the tewn . of Birmingham;—shall this man , who has been sa > xseful ro us . go again to his dreary and Iooesome-dangeon ! "Ee most assuredly will , if the spirit of liberty has so entirely left tbe hearts of Eeglishmet , that they will not reach an helping haed ; but we know thet it is not bo ; and we have bo doubt , with the assistance of < rar brethren , he will 4 > e still at liberty , and , as he always has -done , will still oontinue to rous « the people to a sensed their duty , and live to be a determined enemy te all oppression and tyranny .
Hoping this ^ vriil be met with the spirit that it deserves , We remain . on behalf of the Committee , W . Thom , Chairman , 11 , Barn Street . H . Welsfobd , Secretary .
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TO THE MEMBERS , SUB-TREASURERS , SUB-SECRET ABIES , AND COUNCILLORS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Bretrslejs—I wish lo giTe some general instructions , as it will save me a vast amount of trouble that I should have by writing privately . First . All remittances shonld be made per posteffice order ; the expence of the order is threepence for any sum under £ 2 ; this i 3 the safest method . Whea the order is sent the sender ought to take down tbe date aad number of the order ; and all moneys should be made payable on Mr . Heywood , the General Treasurer , No . 60 , Oldham-street , Manchester- No money ouyht to be sent in any other ¦ way . This is a mosi effectual method to keep both the sender and the receiver honest , because , if the person who sends the money applies to the postoffice , ae can at sny time prove he sent it ; and if any sub-Secretary should be so dishonest ' as to say he sent it when he did not , the General-Secretary has it then in his power to proTe rtat he never reeeived it . Let their post-office ordera be sent for the future to the General-Treasurer .
Secondly , as to who are members and who are not . It is the general understanding that taking ont a card aid paying one penny weekly co 22 Stitates a member ; but if any person can prove , after he has taken out his card , that he is not able to pay his weekly contribution , then he is to be considered a bonnjide member . The members in each district to be the jodges when a man is able to pay and when not . Each district to make such local legal regulations as shall conduce to the forwarding the Association , in the best possible manner , for while *> ur Association is one , yet in soma districts they
may be poorer than in other districts , and members thus find it more difficult to pay their subscriptions ; it shall then be for the members to come to arrangements amongst themselves ( when a member -who can pay , but who doe 3 not ) how many weeks it shall be before such pers > n shall be considered ne longer a member . The circumstances of the Association are so different in different districts , that it is impossible for the Executive to make a positive rule on this head , but had rather leave this to the good sense of the officers and members of the Association themselves .
Thirdly , ^ he balloting for the candidates for the Convention will be holden ou Monday , the 2-ith oi January . In each district where only the required number of candidates are in the field there will be no ballot , but where there are more than the number that are to be returned , then the ballot shall be resorted to in that district . All the members oi the association to vote in such district ; the jiumber of rotes to be forwarded by each local sub-Secretary to the district snb-Secretary , who shall immediately forward to me the names of the candidate ? , and the
number of votes for each candidate . All the returns to be in my possession by February the 1 st . Fourthly , public meetings shall be called betwixt the 2 ad and the 11 th days of February , to elect the members for Convention , the fiaal decision to be forwarded to me by Monday , the 14 th of February , and a correct list of the names of the members of the Convention to be published in the NorUtern Star , National Vindicator , and Chartist Circular , on Saturday , the 19 ; h and 26 ih days of February , and tbe Convention to meet on Monday , ihe 28 . h day of February , 1 & 42 .
Fifthly , the Executive ought to meet immediately , which they will do if the association will only half settle iu accounts with them , at all events every nerve willi > e strained fcr them to assemble in Bristol on Monday , tbe 7 th day of February . Those places that reqnire cards must see that it is impossible for me to forward them jast at pre-ent ; but I will endeavour to dispatch ali the cards that are wanted in the cour ? s of next week . John Campbell . Secretary .
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TO THE PITMEX OF THE TY > 'E A >~ D WEARMes of the Collieries , —By reference to another column of the Star , yon ¦ will see that a delegate meeting is called for the 22 nd of January , at Chester-Ie-Street It appears that it is deemed advisable te call yon togtther by delegation , to mate a Etacd against the encroachments oC your coal "viewers . The " note of preparation" was sounded last -week at Tiornley , -where tbe most intelligent men of the coal districts trere assembled . Let every colliery ebey the summons of that meeting . The inroads daily made on the pitmen by their masters , renders it imperative that the standard of union should again be tmiarled in tbe Xorth , and the r ights of industry established on a basis too ttrong for local despots to sabvert .
To woit , then , like men ! Xct your yearly bonds no longer be the bonds of slavery . Prepare for the delegate meeting . Let Microft prepare the Sjuth Durham district . Tfeere are plenty of -B-arm hearts on " coaly Tj"Ee" who will not fail to do their duty . Tbe "Wear is already alive to its interest ; and the delegate meeting for this month "will determine the qaestioa' of slavery or freedom . Tour faithfnl friend , George Bikss .
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~~~ ^ — TO THE EDITOR OF THE FKEEM-IN'S ' JOURNAL . Si a . —The following passage occurs in the Daily FreemiLn . of the 29-. li nit , and " the Weekly of the 1 st instant : — " A member here hazded his Xordship a priit-d circular , -which , he said had been distributed among the coal porters . " The Lobd ilAYOB—Fangh ! is not it signed by Paddy O'Higgins , tnd does noi everybody know who Paddy O'Hizains is ? ( Loud cries of ' Hear , hear , * and laughter . ) He is gte&tly miBUken if hethinis he can have any iefiueiice among the honest coal porters . They understand him perfectly , and tiere is no fear . that any of them -will beget to follow his advice . tHear , hear , and cheers . ) I ¦ wish my recommendation should bs perfectly understood . I announced it yesterday , and
I repeat it to-day . Lit the people bring any wretch who attempts to cajole them into taking iliegsl oatbs before any of the magistrates who have been ne-wly appointed , or before any of thfi old Tory magistrates , ana I -warrant they could do nothing -which would vex their Worships more than their doing so . ( Hear , btai , and laughter . ) The magistrate -will be exceedingly sorry to see his friend there . He -would much rather see Lisa in the witness-box , and he himself on the Jury -which -would convict the people whom he had deluded , oa his evidence . ( Hear . ) You -well know how it would uelijht the Attorney ? General and his satellites to see the people convicted of sach crimes . s Hear , hear . ) His Lordship then observed that the Repealers could have co connection -with any illegal Soeietif- * . " ' 6
It appeare , as reported , in » rather more offensive farm in the Register oi same dates . To that establishment -was sent what was deemed a demanded exculpation of the " Universal Snfirage Society , " in matter and form nearly as follows , bat -which the editor 'not the proprietorj of that journal arrogantly , superciliously jmdHWntemptaoasiy refused to instrr , on the ground th » t _ » fc earns from OEisgins . " Such an assertion on bis put iras a a gratuitously untrue as wantonly imperdB » M& ? it tame from Iruhmen -who thought themselves aggrieved , and had t : e spirit to defend themselves . Baf if it even did come fxvm " O'Higgins ; " ev « n from S * i&KfaljrffcHiffiins , " -why is he to be accounted an alien - £ &n cai&axr—a ^ pariah in his native land ? Is the Register to iaaet every vituperation , every decunciatiaa ? Is Mr . O'Higgias to be contiEuti ; y held up to the execration of his coaiitrymea , and jet ' to be refused fcTOB tbe priTttege of an arraigned criminal—to be heard
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in his own defence ? This may be the liberality of the Register , but -we now : appeal to the jutice of the Freeman , and reqaest Scar Insertion of the following : — With the individual censure conyeyed in the passage quoted , -wfc hava nothing to do , f orthet than to lepret that any cause should require , or any individual be found to make , such abusive personal attacks , in an age in which n \ annera , at least , have been ameliorated , and in whiclb the progress of temperance justified us in believing tiu * Christian forbearance , charity , and food will , irete abeutto sojmrsede the former aabsttata » f popular baranfoe , that practical good was about being prosecuted , and rhetorical artifice on the eve of being abandoned . " But aa the card ( a&it is in the Register the circular ( as it is in the Freeman ] , U an emulation
of tke " Universal Snfi&age Society , " of which we have the honour ^ to be membcra , * n 4 of -which Mr . O'Higgins is the respected presideBt , and as his lordship was pleased to insinuate that Mr . O'Higgins had administered t * as oaths ( of course t 8 # aJfr ) , * nd further expressed * Aesire to see his " -old friend" turn common informer . ; and further his anxiety to " be himself on tbejary , that he might convict the deluded . " { How charitable ?) 'We think it bat just to oarselves to i « aove froja tes Lordship ' s mind any apprehension on the -subject , i > y declaring that we are bound by no illegal oaths , and repudiate indignantly the aspersion . We Kxragregate for the purpose , as-far as in us lies , of making , on Mr . O'ConnelTs own ( adopted ) principle of motal might , ilr . O ConneU ' s own draft of the People ' s -Charter , the law of the land 4 and te do this we are determined to legally co-operate with tbe English and Scotch ¦ Cbartists , whoreciprocateocr j . ssistaDceby advocating tbe
Kepealof Ireland ' s uDjust and baneful Union . We cannot sufficiently express our detestatian of any miscreant -who ¦ w ould dare to impose on Mr-OConnell's credulity , so far xb to make him the instrument of snch unj ust accusations , the author of such foul epithets , and the fulminator of such mischievous denunciations . ; nor can we at all imagine how so acute and experienced a politician coald be made seriously to believe the ridiculous story oi secret oaths , &c Many of na are members of the Kepeal Association , and we are all the friends of the working classes , too long neglected , and the Btrenuous aB 8 eiters of civil and religious liberty , in its most unrestricted sense , all over the -world . With pity and contempt , then , for the venal and man-vrorshipping Register , with thanks and respect to you , and -with a confident hope that Mr . O'Connell will do us the justice to which we are entitled , by withdrawing his unmeasured , unmerited , and , we trust , thoughtlessly-conferred
censure , We are , Your obedient humble servants , W . H . Dyott Patrick O'Connell Henry Clark Edward Dempsey Thomas O Brien Patrick M'Mahon Patrick Rafter Patrick M'Carten Johu Norton James Dillon John Keegan Patrick O'Connor ^ Patrick M'Mahon ( For nearly 8 ix hundred K . Donne men . )
P . S . —la order to avoid all further misrepresentatien , we enclose with this a copy of ear objects , and the reasons for advocating the measures here enumerated : — Universal Suffrage , Electoral DittricU , Tote by Ballot , Annuat Parliaments , No Property Qualification for representatives , Payment of Members of Parliament , and Repeal of the Legislative Union between Great Britain and Ireland .
The Noethe&N Stae. Saturday, January "15, 1842.
THE NOETHE&N STAE . SATURDAY , JANUARY " 15 , 1842 .
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! WAGES OF LABOUR AND " EXTENSIONS " OF COMMERCE . i The articles we have recently devoted to the examination of this subject have , we axe glad to I say , excited considerable attention even amongst the manufacturers themselves . In several instances ' have our statements been confirmed by those who ! have , for more than half a century , been engaged in : the leading departments of our staple manufactures . More than one case have we heard of , where the
workman has taken his Northern Star in his hand , and requested his employer to read what we have had to say ; and the paper has been kindly returned with the observation , that our " statements were but too true . " We are bound to say , however , that we have heard of this occurring only with the small masters . They are approachable . They do not turn up their noses when Bjll comes near them . They have a little fellow-feeling with the operative whom they employ .
We have heard , though , of the observations and conduct of one who once ranked amongst the "greatest" millownersin the West Riding of Yorkshire . He is a man who is well known both by masters and men . To him the woollen factory masters of Yorkshire are more indebted , than to any other person or cause for the immense sums of money they have been enabled to rake together by the employment of machinery . Perhaps no one in the entire woollen trade knows so much of the operation of our commercial system as the man does we speak of . Perhaps no one has had such opportunities of seeing and experiencing so much of t as he has . He knew Yorkshire
when the woollen trade was entirely m the hands of the domestic manufacturer . He remembers the time -when the clothier was enabled to go to the woolstapler , and buy his " piece-wool , " and manufacture his own piece , the major portion of the work being all done on his own hearth , as it werein his own house . He knew Yorkshire when the fulling was done by the Master Fuller ; and the finishing by the Master Cropper ; and the dying by the Master Dyer ; and when all these got good living profits for their work , and paid good wages to their workmen .
He knows , too , of the introduction of the " swape shears , " or " cropping frames . " He knows of the prognostics of the men engaged in the finishing department , at the introduction of this first machine to compete with , and supercede their labour . He knows of the times of " General Lvdd . ' He knows when a confederacy existed amongst the workmen of an entire district , more formidable than any thing of the sort ever known before , or since . He knows of the fight at Rawfolb ' s mill ; and he knows of the York Special Commission , and the hanging of seventeen men on
one day ! He knows of the inefficacy of such confederacy to stop the progress of tfee system then ju ? t begun . He knows of the introduction of the " Raising-gig , " and of the " Lewis , " and of the " Perpetual . " He has seen the system gradually take root , and " extend" further and further , wider and wider . He has seen ths " Master Weaver , " the " Master Fuller , " the " Master Dyer , " and the " Master Cropper , " all drop off , one by one , until there is scarcely a single one in some of these walk 3 to be found ! He has seen their several businesses monopolized by one man , and all
performed under one roof . He has seen the woolsorting , the carding , the slubbing , the spinning , the weaving , the dying , the scouring , the fulling , the raising , the drying , the cropping , the burling , the fine drawing , and the pressing , come to be done all by , or under , one man ; when nearly each separate division used to be a walk for master and man distinct to itself . He has seen monopoly raise itself on the ruin of thousands . He has seen men enter the business with " capital" procured from a banker , and by hard-driven bargains in buying in , and by keen competition in selling , drive their less "
fortunate" brother-tradesman to the dogs ! He has known many , who , forty years ago , had not a shilling to bksa themselves with , become , by these meanp , to be worth their thousands ! Ho has seen the comforts gradually leave the cottage of the workman , and the man's labour superceded by machinery bo contrived as to drag into the factory the child of his heart , to earn a livelihood for its workless parent . He has seen / andfelt the operations of the entire system . No one in Yorkshire more so . No one better qualified to judge . No one whose opinion is of eo much value .
What then i 3 A » s testimony ! Is it that we have overcharged the picture we have given of the happy home of the workman , when the eight-days' clock , the fl . tch of bacon , the load of flour , the good bed , and the " meal-kist" were dwellers in his cottage Is it that we are wrong in saying that the operations of our present system have fetched these out of the cottage , at the same time that they hare seat hundreds cf respectable and worthy masters into the ranks of the driven-down workmen ! Is his tesiimony against us in the&e respects 1 No ! He avers that our Etatements are true ! The paper containing our first article under the head " Wages of Labour , " wa 3 placed in his handB by & workmaD .
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and his . attention directed to it . His answer , when he returned the paper , was , It is true ! It iB tm !" Apropos oi the circumstance of a woiian * n daring to approach his master , to ask him to read the Northern Star ! The reader will readiljj > elieve that the master was not like the major portion of out ** great" masters 1 Perhaps nothing that could be adduced , so forcibly shows the bad working of our present system , as the difference in the bearing and conduct of the employer towards the workman in past times and present . The terms upon which
master and man formerly associated , showed that a healthy feeling subsisted between them . English independence actuated the one , and purse-proud arrogance did not actuate the other . How is it now ? Do master and men now associate ? Does Bill and Tom go to crack their joke , or join in the sport , with Mr . Mabshall f Does Mr . Marshall treat Harbt and Jack as if they were fellow mortals ! Do the employers and the employed meet to consult with one another , or to advise witk one another ! Is that feeling of mutual respect and kindness which formerly animated both , now budsisting ! The very question is a mockery 1 Go
into the factory-yard and the counting-house now I See the puffed-up pride and overbearing arrogance of the " master , " and the timid , cringing , sycophantic , slinking manner of the slave ! This alone tells us the present commercial system is wrong ! If it had more of attraction in it ; if it drew the two parties closer together ; if it knit them in one bond , eo as to make them like members of the same family , it -would show that there was some good in it somewhere , which worked for good . But it does not do this ! It drives them further and further asunder It is totally and completely repellani ! This alone shows that some " organio change" is needed in the system !
During Christmas week , a middle-sged journeyman cropper called in at our office , to thank us for what he called our " meal-kist" Articles . His joy was great , be said , to see the cause of the workman taken up so spiritedly , so truthfully , and so homely I The Articles , he avered , had taken him and his fellows back to the old times , when the " meal-kist" was filled , and the bacon and beef were found in their larders , and on their tables . "I was apprenticed i n Huddersfield , " said he , " and have been in the trade ever since . I know that what you have
said is true , both as to the past and present condition of the operative . When I was still an apprentice , I , many times and oft , earned a guinea a-day ! No journeyman cropper made less than £ 4 or £ 5 a-week . Now I would be glad to work a week for 15 s . ! When we made good wages , and were consequently well-off , the masters did not disdain to speak to as ! They would come amongst us , converse and joke with us , join us in our frolics , —( and we had many !)—and were not above taking a meal with us , nor asking us to their tables .
So many years ago , this Christmas , if a master had not asked his workmen to go into the house , and partake of his Christmas cheer , cake and cheese with the other et ceteras , his conduct would hare been a whole country side ' s talk ! But those day 3 are gone ! and they have gone just as our wages have decreased ! As the latter got less and less , tbe conduct and bearing of the masters became more stiff and haughty ( A workman now dare almost aa soon take an asp in his hand , as speak to his employer . The feeling that once existed between us is gone . Neither of us 'like'one
another . The masters look upon us as degraded beings , and treat us as if we were thieves : we know them to be upstart tyrants and purse-proud oppressors . I will give you an instance of their dealings with us . Since the ' shearboard" was done away with by the * new and improved' machines , I have been glad , as you happily express it , tohavo permission to roast myself in a' stove , ' or dance attendance on a * Gig' or a'Lewis ! ' Since I left Hadders field I have worked in Leeds , at old Sheepshanks ' s , for eight years . And when at the end of that period of service he had no farther occasion for me , and I applied to him for * a character , ' the old lisping m 1 m ri « * fl V I mm «« # A —wi «* # » w —* am 4 h «* l * ^ & jkIb b ah a * b ¦ I ¦ m m ¦ m d—1 said t chaacktor
* ** ^ ^ ^ , ' I can'give you a : I never give cha-acktors . ' And the old scoundrel will not set a new man on , unless he can produce a character from his last place ! I have for the last eight months been totally out of work , living as I could ! I do not know what the present state of things will end in : but this I know , a change must take place . Whatever that change id , I hope it will not be anoiher downward step in the road we have been going ! Let me beg of you to keep on as you have begun : tell us , working men , wiiat the effects of our past conduct have been upon wages and living ; speak plainly to us ; come home to our understandings : and then we shall be prepared to act a right part for ourselves . "
Such in substance was the language of a man who may betaken as a sample of his class . We have given his words as nearly as we could , that the masters may see that their haughty , overbearing , and oppressive conduct is not without its effect ! This man loved and respected his first and early masters he entertained no such feeling towards his later ones ! Let the " great" masters ponder over this It speaks volumes to them !
In our paper of January 1 st , we gave from the Nottingham Review a short article descriptive of the present condition of both masters and men in the town of Mansfield . That statement met the eye of a gentleman who has formerly been extensively engaged in the manufacture of that town and district ; and he has furnished us with particulars of his own knowledge , as to the state of trade , and of those engaged in it , forty years ago ; and of the causes which have produced the horrible state described in the following article , which we again insert : —
" Never , we believe , was the condition of tbe poor at Mansfield so bad as at presenV Starvation is doing its work , and , as it is naturally to be expected , is fast reducing the middle classes to the verge of rain . How harrowing is it to the Jeelinga of intelligent , honest , industrious , and once-respectable parishioners , to be obliged to submit to the embarrassing alternative , of either applying to the Union House for relief , or actually perish in a land of plenty . But , ia it not still more distressing to be told by the minions in office , that they have no right to relief while their homes possess a remnant of furniture , by which they could supply their exigencies ? We know men , whose lives
are in every respect irreproachable , living in such a state of destitution , as to express , in the intensity of their sufferings , a wish that death might at once put an end to their struggles . We could ennmerata instances of the most appalling destitution , in Mansfield—where fathers are traversing tbe streets in mental agony , uuable " to bear the sight of their unhappy homes—whilst the mothers , surrounded by their famishiug offspring , have Bcaicely a morsel in the world , to appease their craving appetites—witb scarcely £ Dy other covering to shield them from the inclemency of a winter ' s night , than the scanty and tattered apparel which they have worn in the day . "
Nottingham , Mansfield , Suttoh-in-Ashfield , and their surroundingdistricts , are well known aa being the principal seats of our lace and hosiery manufactures . It is well known too , that those formerly engaged in those manufactures , both masters and men , were « ' weix to no" 11 It is well known that the master could make a competency , —not in a few years , as the ' great" masters in the cotton and woollen districts
have lately done—but in a legitimate manner , by ordinary business-like attention to his calling ; and the workman earned , andreceived , wages which made him comparatively comfortable and happy . It is well known , too , that machinery has been extensively introduced into these districts , to aid in the manufacturing operations j and it is equally as well known that the men resisted that introduction , some of them with their HveB . " General Ludd "
tried his hand in Nottinghamshire , as well as in Yorkshire ! The rememberance of this struggle between sinew and iron , flesh and steel , will be perpetuated so long as the works of Byron exist to record his eloquent pleadings for the wen , against the iron-heart of the legislator and the halter of the hangman ! But" General Ludd"' failed ! The "frames" were introduced . Then began that race of competition , and underselling , and producing w cheap , " and making trashy goods ; and aloDg wjih
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these things , reduction after reduction , —reduction after reduction , —of the wages pf the operatWes ; until at last it has ended in bringing all concerned into the awful situation above described " Thirty or forty years ago , " says the gentleman we have before alluded to , ( and who haa been extensively engaged in the Hoisery Trade , )" stockings could could not be made good enough . The manufacturer then could only secure oustoin by serviBg the merchant and shopkeeper with the Very best made goods ; and the retailer s could only give satisfaction in their dealings by supplying such as they
could highly recommend ; Then confidence was mutual , and dealings regular . The manufacturer had a certam business . There were ' slack' times and ' brisk' times , to be sure , just as the seasons came round ; bat then the manufacturer could take adrantage of the one , and get his stocks of the best made goods ready to meet the other . No turning off ' of hands then ! The master could depend upon his custom too well to require that . But then he ^ niade no ' patched-up-cuts , ' nor any '• thick-and-thin-courses . '
His stockings were made well . Every inch of every 8 tecking alike . All the * riarrowings' regularly made . The bindings-ih' in the heel , foot-bottom , and toe , duly attended to . Each 6 ize so arranged in ; these particularSj as to ensure ' a fit '; and the whole made of ' double 1 cotton *; and doubled again at the heel , foot-bottom , and across the toes . / well remember those times ! Then there was some credit in being engaged in the trade : now it is a mass of cheatery and roguery from beginning to end .
"I well remember the years 1808 , 9 , and 10 . About that time we had a considerable trade in a sort of lace , called 'Spider NettV To make this , a considerable number of wide frames were prepared ; and a great number of ' 30 gage , 30 inches wide Point Nett' frames appropriated to the work . At the samo time was also brought out a new description of stocking , in both silk and cotton , with this new lace work round the Ismail of the leg and instep . They were called 'Spider Nett Hose '; and were made of' fine quality' and best manufacture / I had none made lower than 36 gage and I paid
SSs . per'dozen for workmanship : alone , for womensized hose . This article took well , both at home and abroad , particularly with the Spaniards and in the WeBt Indies . I have a firm and satisfied opinion , derived from my travels abroad , and other circumstances , that had the trade continued to make this artiole in a proper manner , it would never have been out of demand . But as the Spider-Lace trade began to slacken , those -who had frames applied them to the making of these 'Spider Nett Hose . ' Some of the frames were adapted to ma * e two stockings at once ; others three at once ; and others even four at once ! AH these were * cut-ups . ' Considerations about shape
were quite out of the question ! The 'Seamer ' and the Bcissprs had to form that' ! : ' Sutton-in-Ashneld had the honour of commencing this kind of game ; it was quickly followed by others ; and Nottingham waa soon filled with cart-loads of 'Spider Nett Hose , ' —material and workmanship altogether for 21 s . per dozen !! The manufacturers of this trashy stuff were termed * Bag Hosiers . ' The system they had entered upon soon found their pockets ; and when they came to Market , they , in a very little time , found themselves compelled to sell . They could not return without money . Prices , ruinous as they were , were thus again beaten down . A very short period saw these manufacturers compelled to sell for 12 s . per dozen , and even lower than that !
" This had ita certain effect upon the other portions of the hosiery manufacture . It induced the like practices and the like results throughout all its branches . Plain stockings were Boon made in the same infamous manner , and for the same infamous prices ; and this description of goods were significantly named'blind spiders . ' " So extraordinarily low has this system reduced
this species of manufacture , that , when pa 3 sing through Nottingham six months ago , I was offered women-sized stockings , made of 30 gage frame , material and workmanship altogether , fob 4 s . ^ pee dozen pairs JI My price to my workmen alone , for the same description of article , made the old way , was ' 21 s . per dozen ! and I never sold them for less than 36 s . per . dozen , even though fifty dozens were taken together" !!!
Aye , there it is ! There is a picture , in miniature , of the whole operation of our commercial system 1 Look at it , " lads" !! Say , would not an " extension" of it do you all good I ! See the end { Is it not desirable ? Look at it well ! Mark its progress through all its stageB ! It shows , at one View , the operation of the whole By stem from beginning to end . You eee it commence with the trade in a good and healthy state ; when all concerned in it are well-cared for , and well paid . Then commences the march of unregulated machinery , producing a tremendous , but inefficient , struggle against it , on
the part of the men . Then follows keen competition amongst the masters , and in its train the system of trashy goodsj to supply the rage for " cheap , " " cheaper still" ; producing ' * embarrassmeHt" and ** difficulties" amongst the masters , whose necessitous situation is now taken advantage of by the " great" buyers who have " capital , " and who thus sink him lower and lower ! At length the master ' s capital and workman ' s wages are gone Both are done up ! Ruin is their portion ! See . their condition , as deEcribed by the Nottingham Review . ' ! Aad who has benefitted by all this ?
Has the master ? No ! He is ruined Has the workman ? No ! He is beggared ! Has the consumer or wearer ? No !! He is provided with trash , —dear at a gift ! Who , then , has benefitted ? No one ? Yes I- * - the " great" capitalist He , and he only , has made his thousands by screwing the poor necessitous maker down below prime cost , when he came compelled to sell before he could feed his family ! Yes , this is he that has gained by all this ! and this is he , and only he , who bawls out for an " extension" of the system ! What say you , lads 1 IS HE TO HAVE IT ?
THE REJECTION OF THE NATIONAL PETITION BY ONE HALF OF THE SCOTCH CONVENTION . We . refer attention to the manly , sensible , and dispassionate letter of Dr . M'Dodall upon this subject , elsewhere inserted . We had purposed to make some comment upon this extraordinary decision ; but we doubt not that this letter , and the succeeding ones to which it is preliminary , will save us the trouble . Meanwhile we do hope that no absurd fastidiousness , will prevent the
Scottish people generally from joining in the national movement . We cannot afford to have the cause suffer in its most vital points because of the morbid sensitiveness of some few thin-skinned individuals . The idea of a whole people taking fright at three lines oh the Repeal of the Union , and fifteen lines on the Poor Law Amendment Act , is a little too rich ! We give tho Scotch people credit for more sense than to permit that unity of action whioh is the very life of our agitation and soul of our success , to be thus paltered with and destroyed .
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THE LATE " SLAVE" MEETING IN LEEDS The result of the late " slave ? meeting in Leeds has chagrined the " humbugs" most woefully . The unexpected attendance of the '' slaves" at the meeting upset all the equanimity of the * ' kid-gloved § entry "; and they have not yet recovered it * They ad intended to have had a snug little gathering of their owuj under the _ colour oi" a public meeting , " to which , " every friend of humanny" had been iuvited ; and the attendance of " the public , " in answer to this public invitationi disconcerted the
project of the paltry gang * Perhaps the most ludicrous evidence of their woe-begone condition is contained in a lachrymose epistle inserted in the Leeds Mercury and Leeds Intelligencer of Saturday last . The wi ' iier there Utcljtres bid intention of "taking the law" upou those who attended at this " public ¦ ja ectingV' and took pait in the proceedings ! i $ ut , unfortunately for him , he does not know what the law is ! and he implores of the people of Leeds to subscribe a sum of money to enable him to learn I ! I
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Soma kind friend of hia has ako published " another appeal" to the public to the sameeffect 5 which has excited much more attention than the original one . The latter appeal appeared in the form of a placard , posted in the public streets ; and crow da of people were to be seen at every street corner , on Wednesday and Thursday , coniunK it over ! We hope it will have its intended effect ! A knowledge of the "law of public meetings" wants " extending /' whether onr commerce does , or not } for had that "law" been generally understood , arid strictly enforced , yfe should not have seen such strange vagaries and antics played by Magisterial Chairmen , Mayors , and High Sheriffs , as we have seen ! By all means let a knowledge of the "law of pubHc meetings" be " extended ; " and we Bhall hear : n" more of the " humbugs" daring to insult the public ^ by inviting them to attend " a ^ public meeting , " and then threaten to prosecute them for accepting the invitation ! J J Td aid in accomplishing so desirable an object , we willingly give insertion to the following appeal ! and commend it to tho beat consideration of all interested in the settlement of the question : —
WANTED , by Young Jabez Banting , a sum of money , to enable him to finish hits Education . ' The Law Staff of Leeds has lately received a most valuable acbession in the person of Mr . Jabez Bunting , Jud ., son of the Methodxslic Pope . His attainments are beyond compare 1 and his demeanour aamodest a 3 that ofa ' maiden of coy fifteen . ' The Rev , G . B . Macdonald describes him as' an emineni legal gentleman ? True , his education has cost much money . True , the poor pennies of the Methodists have , maay of thera , been put in requisition . 7 True , the * Paterhal Fund' has had to sweat ! What oi that ? Have we not the worth of our money ? Are not his ' eminent legal attainmenta' more than an equivalent ] We do not often meet with 'eminence '
so great in lawyers so young ! We have a * prime peunyworth'for our penny ! . Jabez , however , labours under one defect—only one . He has * * studied the law , ' and his ' legal aitainments' are ' eminent' Yet he does not kno $ the law of Vvbiac Meetings f He wants to know thjs law . ' -.-He wants to ask the Judges . He wants perfecting . But he has not pennies' enow ! The ' Fund' is low , or is not now come-at-able ! It is important that Jabez shonld find the bottom of this intricate question , therefore he is compelled to appeal to the public for means to enable him to put the finish to his education . A penny subscription will do 1 None of the Jabezes ever turned , up their noses at Pennies : therefore , good folks , do read
Jabex ' s appeal to your pockets in last Saturday s Mercury and Intel ., and fork out the blunt I It will not do for Jabez to be deficient I He must leam the law . Dp afford him the means . Stump up ! in good earnest . Let Jabez ' have the brass , ' for he is totally devoid ! Do , good folks , let him thoroughly learn the law ! He must know all about it , or his ' eminence will not be satisfied . He cannot fathom this deep subject till you afford the ' means ;' so , good people , make haste ! Jabez is extremely anxious to get hold of the mpney ! Meanwhile , he is conferring with , and receiving excellent preparatory instruction from , Mr . Giti .-vabd Scakth ^ jabezhas already learned from that gentleman , that it is lawful , when Dr ; Warren
takes and pays for the Music Hall for a private meeting of his own , to conspire , beforehand , to fill and pack the Hall with creatures of your own ,, to ? violently and tyrannically interrupt' the intended proceedings of the evening ! Jabez has also learned from Mr . ScARTH , that it is lawful , when Pr . Warren ' s friends proposed a Chairman of their own , to preside over their own private meeting , to so arrange , beforehand , that he Mr . Scieth , shall be proposed for Chairman , as an Amendment . ' Jabez has also learned from the same teacher , that it isfate / u / for Mr . ^^ ScAR tHj under , sup . h circumstances , and without the putting to the vote of either Motion or Amendment , to clamber over the railing in front of the Orchestra , and take possession of the Chair , and ' violently and tyrannicall y' arid forcibly kept possession of it , until two distinct votes of the meeting have been taken and recorded that he shall not preside ] Jabez has also learned from GitLyARD that it is
lawful , when you are thus foiled in one of your objects ^ ( obtait ing the presidency of a meetiog ) , to ' yiolentiy' and ' tyrannically' interrupt the speakers not on your side , eo continually and in such earnest , as to make it necessary for 'Brother Bdkton , ' of Roundhay , to hold you , to prevent you from fighting 1 Jabez has also learned from Mr . Scar ^ h , that it is / a «>/«/ , when you have no other means left of defeating the object of those who have taken , and paid for , the meeting place , for a meeting of their own , to move a resolution totally irrelevant ; and when the Chairman declines to entertain it , bec&use of its irrelevancy , to usurp his functions , and insist upon putting it yourself . All this has Jabez learned from Gillyard Scarth ; for Mr . Scarth has assured him . that he knows it is lawful sotb act ; for so he acted towards Dr . Wabren and his friends in the Music Hall , Leeds , ou the 17 th of Dec . 1834 .
But then this lesson of Mr . Scarth ' s does not meet Jabez ' s wants . This was only a private meeting of Dr . Warren's own ! which Mr . Scarth thus , violently and tyrannically' interrupted and broke up . It was not a PUBLIC Meeting , to whioh the Publio had been invited by public placard ; and where , when they assemble , they have a right to deal with the question they ate called oh to consider , as a majority of them think fit . It is the 'Law of Publio Meetings * that Jabez has yet to learn . The law' and ' experience' of Mr . GiLi . YARD Scarth only applies toprttatem . eetings , uot to public ones : so Jabez is still as fast as ever ! He cannot gain his end , unless he gets the Pennies ! It is the money he ia fast for . // e knows it is that which makes the Mare to go . Let him have it then ! HASTE ! HASTE ! WITH TUB RHINO ! ' Down , down with your Dust , ' and 'finish ' Jabez !
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THE " RIVAL DISSENTERS" AND THE " RIVAL EDITORS , " A very edifying squabble has , for the last few weeks , been raging between those two " organs of Di 8 senter 8 , '' Mr . Edward Baines , of the Leeds Mercury , and Dr . Samuel Smiles , of the Leeds Times . It is not our purpose to interfere in the quarrel .- God forbid ! The two may belabour one another as often and as hard as they like ; and no interference shall they have from us . Our mentioning the Subject at all is for quite anotherpurpose . InlastSaturday ' sMercury , Mr . BAiNEs gave some lessons , and laid down some principles of " civil and relkioualiberty , " which we deem
worth y of being generally circulated , with a view to their being generally acted on . If they were so , we should h&y « less of " toleration" in the world than we have ; for we should have perfect freedom of thought , and perfect liberty of expression ; a state of things as much opposed to " toleration" of every sort as light is to darkness . To aid , then , in the promulgation of these principles is the object of our present notice . Oar paper circulates Where the Leeds Mercury is never heard of , save when we happen to mention it : and this proceeding of ours will place Mr . Baines s lessons in the hands of tens uf thousands who would otherwise never have heard of thorn .
We must premise , as a sort of key to the due understanding of the matter , that we have lately had a sort of contest about a new burial ground in Leeds . The old ones are just filled ; and their state is such as to threaten a pestilence in the town , if some speedy means are not taken to remedy the existing evil . The burial grounds attached to churches , and in which alone an interment can be forced , are generally purchased by means of a church-rate laid in the usual manner by the rate-payers , Iu this
particular case , Mr . E . Baines saw no objection to the laying of a rate / or such a purpose , Dissenter though he be ; and , thinking so , he gave expression to his opinion . Dr . Smiles thought differently ; and he not only gave expression to his opinion , but very roundly accused Mr . Baines of desertion from the camp of Dissent , and of betrayal oi the cause of the Dissenters . ; Hereupon followed the " stock" epithets used on ail such occasions . Not one of them was a-missing . It has been a regular quarrel ! ;
Out of it , however , we shall be able to pick one ob two good things—things worth PRFSERViNG ! They will be useful to refer to another day , should we ever find Mr . Baines forgetting his own lessons . Mr . Baines , then , in hia last missive , thus discourseth : — " Thereis one particular feature about Dr . Smiles ' s zeal for the rights of conscience , which the Dissenters would do well to note , as it may turn out t » be of consequence to some ot them , No one 1 so great a stickier as he for conscience : but if it should chance that any other person ' s conscience does not scruple and boggle at the same precise places with what he eallsAj * conscience , then that other is forthwith to he denounced as void of all principle , and a
downright traitor to Dissent ! This , w e say , is a peculiar feature in zeal for the rights of conscience : and it might not be amiss for the Dissenters to inquire how far and how long this kind of zeal for conscience will Square with their principles or serve their cause . For , if ^ e mistake not , this conscientious despotism over conscience * this intolerant support of toleration * this tyrannous zeal for liberty * are nearly akin to the spirit of Holy Inquisitors , and are more likely to light up the the flames of pereecution than to render service to the cau ^ e of Dissent , Dissenters , above all men . are bound both their
by principlesandb y ' theirinterests , ro tegard conscience as a sacred thikg , —never to be coerced or dictated to , —win never tobe prostituted as a plea F THE INDULGENCE OF ANY UNWORTHY PASSION . " v Werespect , nay weADMIRE true sensitiveness of conscience in o ^ er * , —especially in the Editor of the Leeds Times ; but we might have hppedtHat forbearance would have been shown us , if with our inferior light and less ' exquisite sensibility , w <» had not felt the same insurmountable objections on such an etrergehoy . We endeavour to follow pur conscience . E is far as they lead us ; bulif any man tells us that we ought to follow his conscience , and not oua own ,
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then we must demur , and say that we have rid so learnt the principles of reliyitusliberty . " Now these passages , we repeat are geod , excellent ! If they were redaced to practice we : should enjoy universal freedom of thought and expressior . No one would be so presumptuous or so impious as to arrogate to himself the power of " tolerating" his fellow man 1 Civil and religious liberty would indeed universally prevail . , . . True , in reading the above , the mind is irresistibly filled with reoolleotions that seem to favour the idea that Mr . Baines's conduct has not always been in keeping with his teaching * True , we are compelled to remember thatAe has not always paid ! that
" respect "' and " admiration" to ** sensitiveness of conscience in others" which he here claims for his own . True it is , that the mind is filled with suspicion that Mr . Baines has not always regarded " conscience as a sacred thing , never to be coerced or dictated to ; and never to be ^ pbO 3 Tixuted as a pteafor the indulgence ; of ah unworthy passion . " True , the recollection of Mr . Baines's conduct towards Bome of his Dissenting brethren , whose " consciences did hot scruple and boggle at the precise places with what he calls Aw conscience , * rise uppermost , as we read his now admirable teachings True , his commendation and open support of the ruffian Brindley , in his crusade against Mr .
Baines's brother Dissenters , the Socialists , is irresistiblyrecalled to memory . True , the turning away from their work , through the instrumentality of JMessra Bsindley and Baines , of scores of upright and worthy men , merely because their " consciences did not scruple and boggle at the precise places With " the consciencos of these two gentlemen , forces itself upon tho recollection . True , his designation of Robekt Owen aia " beast , " and his followers aa a " society ofbeasts ; " andhisinvention of a lie that Mr . Owen had besn exo ' uded from the Commercial Room of the George Inn , Huddersfieid , as a sort of csover and Warranty for his foul attacks : true , the recollection of all these things , and many other suoh like , irreeistibly rushes upon the mind , as we read the teachings of Mr ., Baines , respecting the rights of conscience and their _ sacred nature ; and involuntarily force the queations . r-
"has this man ' s practice been anything near a hundredth part like his teachings V' " has he endeavoured to serve out to others a modicum only of what he claims for himself ?** , True , all these thoughts pass in the mind when we read Mr , Baines ' s admirable definitions of the rights of conscience : but no matter : we endeavour to reptesa them with the hope that the gentleman has seen " the error of hiswayB ; " that the attempt , or fancied attempt of others , to " coerce his conscience ; " the denunciations , and scorn , and obloquy to which he has been subjected , because of his difference of opinion with some of his brethren , will have had . the effect 0 ! shewing him the wrongfulness and sin of a similar course of conduct by himself towards others . We endeavour to drown all recollections of Mr . Baines ' s conduct in the past , in a bright and beaming hop © of an altered future !
' We do not . file the Leeds Mercury . Van last week ' s number , however , is too good to be ; lost . : We shall carefully preserve it , both for the purpose of refreshing our own minds , occasionally , With the excellent teachings of Mr , Baines ; and of reminding Mr . Baines himself of those teachings , should he ever happen to fbrgetthem ! ; ; ' .:- \ ' \ We know not that the Socialists could do > better thing than adopt Mr . Baines ' s own definition of conscience-liberty . This would secure them , at least , from any attempt on Ais part , to again trample uponthem . We advise them to place over the doors of their " Halls of Science" the following motto : —
f We endeavour to follow our consciences as far as they lead us ; but if any man tells tis that we ought to follow his conscience , and not oua own , then ' tee must demur , and say that we have not so learnt the principles of religious liberty "— -Edward Baines . ¦ . ' *' '¦ - ' ¦''' ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ; - ¦ ¦' .. . . ¦• v-s - .. ¦ . ;¦
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Brief Rules for the Government of all whi writei for Newspapers . — Write legibly . Make as few erasures and interlineations as possible In writing names of persons and places be more particular than usual to make every letter distinct and clear—also in using words . not English , Write only on one side ofi ' the paper . Employ no abbreviations whatever * but ¦ write out every word in full . Address communications not to any particular person , but to "The Editor . " Finally , when you sit down to write , don't be in a hurry . Consider that hurried writing maket slow printing . .
The Poets . ^—6 tar' poetical friends have been as usital exceedingly bounteous < : we have so large a stock of poetry and apologies for poetry on hand , andour friends supply us constantly so liberally , that we shall not henceforth particularly notice this department in our "Notices to Correspondents . " We shall select from the mass sent us as much as we have room for , with as much impartiality as possible . Accepted pieces : will , ' therefore , be known by their appearance in the paper ; and authors whose communications do not appear will not , therefore , conclude that ( hey are rejected because of demerit , as it would be impossible for us to find room for half of even the readable poetry that comes to us .
An Operative , at Wakefield Outwood , ; recom mends the friends of Dewsbury to vistt ^ East and West Ardslcy , Kirkhamgate , j ^ lverthorpe , and Potovens , at which places , lie says ; a great number of signatures to the petition , might be obtained . . . '•' ' ; .: ' ¦ • - . •'' . . . ¦' Wm ; Wilding , Wigan , —The paragraph he has sent us cannot be inserted except as an advertisement Mb . Wst . Martin , op Chesterfield , begs to ac knowledge the receipt of 8 s . 2 d . per Mr . James Sweet , of Nottingham , for Mr . Samuel HoWerry which will be forwarded te him in the next letter . Win . Martin wishes to press the attention of the Chartist public to the case of the . suffering patriot , Holberry ; and any donation , however small , will be thankfully received and duly acknowledged . Address , care of Mr . Edward
Pendleton , Maynard ' s Row , Chesterfield . George Julian lAmtiKY acknowledges - the receipt of six postage stamps for Holberry and others , from "A Poor Man , Bristol , " ( being his second donation . J O J . H . has handed the same to the Sheffield Victim Fund Committee . ; Our . friends in Knightsbridge , Chelsea , Brompton , Kensington , and Hammersmith , who complain of not obtaining the S ax , are informed that they can be supplied at their own houses with the _ Star , Chartist Circular , $ • ., by giving their orders to the following news-agents : —Mr . C Westerton , Park Side , Knighlsbridge ; Mr . C . WtlliSi I , Lihg-street , Kensington ; Mr . JR . Douffhty , Young-sireet , Kensington ; Mr . F . Barker , Dorcas Terrace , Hammersmith .
Mr , John Cleave , proprietor , of the English Chartist Circular , mill give 10 per cent , upon all orders obtained for the Circular , in support of the Executive Council of the National Charter Association and the Missionary Furid . Will those who wish for the Political Regeneration in Ire ( and , send as many of the forthcoming Stars : as possible , and a few of the 24 th ult . and 1 st inst .. to P . M . Brophy , No . 14 , North Annestreet , Dublin . We did not receive Mr . O'Connor ' s letter on the - Scottish Convention in time for publication . W . Daniells . — We are extremel y ' obligedto him for the tables he has sent us , of the wages paid to the carpet weavers in England , Scotland , France ,
and America . They seem- to be prepared with great care ; and the accompanying observations are valuable . We shall use them in our articlei on " Wages of Labour , " : as occasion serves . Mr . John Hall Ans our best thanks for his tables of , wages paid to the flax-dressers ^ Can he supply us with anoiher , showing the relative number ^ of men erigayed in hand-heckling at the different periodscmbraced in the return ? If he can hi . will oblige us , and serve his ' trade . ' J . W . Parker . —Next week . H . D . Griffiths dissents from the opinion of " A Woolwich Cadet , "that it is advisable for Chartists to wear the O'Connell Medal by . a ribbon , and he deems such a practice anevidence
of leadership , and a '" badge of voluntary _ slavery ? ' We cannot answer his queries . Timothy Falvey , of Macclesfield , writes to deny emphatically that part of our report of the Maw eheder Ami Corn Law meeting last week , which makes him to have spoken disrespectfully of Mr . West , of whom he declares that he said not one word in disparagement . We have a letter from Mr . West in reference thereto , in . u-hich he undertakes to support the affirmative of the following proposition against Mr . Fatvey or any other gentleman whom the " League may think more qualified for the task . — ¦ " That the causes which , have produced the present distress u-ere in existence before the enactment of the CornTmws , and that tlieit-mere- repealwould not ^ remove them ; and therefore to agilale for their repeal is a useless waste of the people ' t
energies , whichmight ' be more beneficially employed in seeking [ the establishment of the ' ¦ People ' s Charter , u-hichmtasure is alone calculated to resto . e peace , happiness , prosperity , and * ecarity to all classes of the community . " ^ An Old Reformer— Received . James Marshall , — ^ not aware that any change has been made in the Editorship of jH Dundee Chronicle since the accession to that paper 0 / Mr ; R J . Ricbarddon . Wepreswiie , . therefore , that Mr . R . J . Richardson i » still Editor of the Dundee Chroriiele . We shciil not publish his letter . It wmdd look invidious in ^ to do . no . The proprietors oj ' ¦ '"' ¦¦ -the . . Dundee Chronicle are the proper parties to whom it should be addressed . An lRiSHMAiN . — Wehuue no room . A . H . O . — We . cannot give hiinMr . Mariin ' s address ; we do not know it .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 15, 1842, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct876/page/4/
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