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TfATKINS'S LEGACY TO THE CHARTISTS . I irciraE in . concixded . As Christianity has been perverted , pollnted—as it has teen re 7 = rsed by those who " profess and call them- selves Christians , " there is much need of a revival of , it—of a rssloration of it to its first principles—of a renewal of i » , and wtat is to do this ?—what bat Char- ' tisni ? Politics led religion astray , and politics must j bring ber back agais . By the Charier alone can the fifcfonned >* transformed . It is ceceESary therefore t 2 jat ^ e shcnii . i show the analogy between Chartism and Christianity—that -vre should compare the two . And first , there is this one treat prevailing and per-Ta-Ung principle cchuqoh to bcth—they are both e £ s *; atally democratic Xathicg can be more opposed to
jjas 3 . le 3 iib . tion , class-distinctions , ¦ usurpations and , opprcsaons than Christianity is . There are numerous ; p isjsges in the New Testament that prove this . Were ' . I to quote tbtm , they -a-euld fi" . l up a sermon of themselves , —I ¦ wiil , therefore , leave that part of thesurjtct , to yours = lvc 3 , and hasten to some minor points of , resemblance or coincidence -which are not so obvious . The Reform Bill wa 3 the precursor of tbo Charter , ; even as Juhn the Baptist ttes of Jesus Christ . The sai-J J ^ ha was no " finality Jack "—ha always modestly , represented himself as one wko was rn ^ rtily preparing : the way , maiiag the pith straight—as an intSeienl ] herald or harbinger of a migtty refcraur ann Sivlour t to cose , " whofe fja , " £ aid he , " i 3 in his hand , and 1 he wiil thoroughly parge h : 3 floor , and ga ; her his wheat into the garner , but the chair he "Bill burn up -with un- : qccnchaWe Sra"
"Will Evt lie Charter do this -with the present despotic form of government and the accursed sjsttm T ? hich it has brought forth—even as death "was born of sin ? Tes , tie Charter is the ass laid to the root , and every tic-e that bringeth vo % forth good fmlt "will be hewn down and cast into tSie fire-Among the poor the gospel -was first pres-chfd . The higher classes did not come forward to stt an example , except a bad one , bnt "were compelled to follow the examp ' s E ? t by the lower classes . Christianity took its seat at the lower end of the room , bat -was presently bid to walk np higher , and in tee end she sat at tee -Jjead cf the table . So will it he "frith Chartism . Bat let CharUsm in prosperity not fexgst "what it was in adversity ; not fcrget ita tme end and intent Christianity btgan in the villages—it flourished most in the country . So "with Chartism . Jesss Christ could make bnt iittle impression in the cities ; 1 b the heilow ar . d rotten capital , in Jerusalem , is could make noos at all .
The doc ' jine 3 taught by Christ "were not his ownthey were not new ; they were founded on truth , £ Ed truih is old , o "; d as Gtod himself ; but his manner ^?* s something new ; it "was something new to see a pcor ¦ man , a carpenter , a "working man , out of an obscure city —to see him come foith , and in the teeth of prejudice , 5 rivilej ; e , and power , in spite of general corrnptioEand -degradation to hear him preach reform , and " with a-feirless disregard of all personal consequences , not earing -what friends he lost , what enemies he found , bcldly tell the truth , fearlessly denounce the inhuman rich , enter the very places of public worship , places irhich he -told them they had made dens cf thieves ' themselves being the thieves ) , enter int-3 the solemn tesroles and tear tff the veil of hypocrisy from those who deluded
to oppress the people , give a true exposition of those doctrines which they- had "wrested and perverted to serve their own sinister purposes , snd not enh ? minister to mind ' s disease , bnt to diseased bodies a ) EO , for the Jewish priest > were ¦ physicians bs weiL All this he did unpaid ; he did it thc- ^ gh he suffe re d for it . Now no one in modem tini-s baa had the darin ^ nes : to do this , unless-vre except € ee-rgeYox , the Quaker . He weni inta what he called the " steeple-houses , " and rebuked the parsons ia the face of their congregitions . They who saw and faeardthose things thought them strange —thought them the tricks of a madman , '' or " truth is strange , str&Eaer than fiction . " A good man "was to them a great novelly . but , as I said before , there was nothing new in the doctrines tau ; h . t by Christ , -nor in the principles which we Chartists teach . -They are not the ovations of &nr own fancy , the inventions of our own imaginatisn . Xo . We take them fxoai- God and nature , as best suited "to the welfare and harpiness of man ,
both here and hereafter . They are the wisdom of the pa-t experience & : all ages , stamped "with the simplicity cf trctb , "With the sublimity of all fee ^ they have the impress of divinity itself to give them currency ; they me m new-fangled notions ; ther -were in fore in ancient "Greece aad Rome , and made those republics so fsnioos that they are stiU quoted is exemplars to Ell nations . Slany heroes , mary msrt ^ rs have fou jht and died for them ; America ottos tics ; Eaglsnd once owned them—yes ,, our Ccnstituticn -vras founded or : them— "was : formed cf them ; icr , Kka Chris * , f > e come not tc -destroy but to bcild up—to-falfil the law "R-hieh > j ? . a been turned aside , ma- ' . e a tocl of , a destroyer a justiBe and h-amsaity—those sacr « i principles "which it ¦ was ^ seant to preserve . As Christ entered into ihc labocrs of thesneientprcphets tocontinue and conclufc thcHi , so are "we perftcti ^ g the ' - aboura of the good men and true before us , the Paic ^ s , the CarfRTighC the Suats , the Gobbetts .
Those who teach for doctrines 1 he commandmeE-te- tf men , in opposition to G ^ d—whe , having poEsessicB if the ^ rineyird , beat the messtngen sen ; to thera , « lJ "would kill the heirs , the rightful owners—those cj ^ cst judsss aEd wiefced stewards saj' that "we blasphece ¦ when we tell the truth—that vra are madmen , liars , Bpoilsrs , destroyers ; but " ?? Isd < jni is justified ia-her children . We care not for thair misrepresectafeon , their cslumnyj their abuse ; we bnow that we are in the light- ; they know it too , and therefore they avoid discussions with as : they dare -i ; ot ask us qeestions , for they dread our answers ; the" harden their fctsris ; but -s-e r ° V « Christ's advice resisting all such— " Lcve yocr enemies , bless them that cursa yon , do good to thec that hate you , and pray fcrCicm which despitfcfcdly ¦ use-yon and persecute yen . "
Ghrist ' s c&letrsted sermon on the mount—iraa * 12 it bK--a manual cf Chartism—a t » i ™ 1 for Chartkts-T—of cocsiort to all in tribulation , xC encouragement to all ¦ w ho agitate , of - * rhortaticn to leave off worldiiaesSj end to beware of false > rophfets . " Many false propbtts tfo :, r , arife , and stall deceive many . " Has it cot -bsen £ 0 with us ? " Escausa iniqafer Ehall a . bound , the love of re-ny shall was cold . " Has it no ! been so v ; itli us ? . Have not some ieen seduced from us , others been alieacteu ? " Bat he that eaderes to the end ihescme ibsll be saved "
Ibere Were macy -who -believed in the cocaines taught by Christ , who ackno-sledged them to be v « 3 t , asd yet would not confess so each cpenly , lest ^ t ^ ey jhriald htc-jica maiied raen , atd be put out of tt- ^ ir syiiagcgu = 3 . Sj with ns . Chsriists have been terssd our of reliiioas societies , and t-zl of employment for do ether crime but Ghartists . And on the other hand , there ire others who follow , not for the sake of the easis , but for the leaves sad nshes . Agiin , a farther "Dc-: rt-cf comparison . I own a point not mu : h to ii : e ci ^ it i-f either Chaiiism cr Christianity , bnt cases of c ^ fsct tse stronger proofs than even cases of exeelleaci An E .-noitionai txaiapii is , that there wa 3 a strife amuUg tie disciulcs t-f CLriat as to —bo should be greater' . ' Ltt biin , isaid ChiL ; tj who vsuid be greatest an : o £ g yen be the least . " He himself "WE 3 so . He was their
Etriaiii , as ircil as ruLStsr . He , stooped to wash tcei : Vtryf ^ c t : but in thu £ liumhling fcimsclf , he tEiLted h ^ nij- 'f—h-- showed MmcaLf the greatest . Chriit "ffjibt-d for more labourcrs in the Seid—he enployed aH who ofivred iheir B-irvices . whttbfcr at tha Srs : cr a : the eleventh hour—he wished none to ba driTen oat— he tnihed not that the litefolniES of M : y one Ehould be lessened , but rither increased . He EvCe ' j * :: > t to engross eH tie honour , r 2 l the merit , of the ~ z iod svirk to himself—wi . ethK done by h : mc = lf
cr iy othfii— he sought o&Iy tae advancement of the cscse , rrri h ; sent forth Li : diseipl-ss into every town a ^ i vili . ze to iroHJots it * progress . We have tais-Einiries whe meet with 3 sisiilar reception to those of CVrst—that k , they are better received in some placi 3 than in othess . Jeius Ciriet said a man ' s foss should be of his csva hcu'thold , bst he also said that he who tt&s no : "vruiir-g to leave father and moiher , cr sen or daughter , to follow the co ; -d cause , and -to suffer all Eianner of evil f . j 5 * waa not worthy of it . They were to kave freaiih h > r p-verij—a home foe a -wilderESSS—to take
s ? the Charter , and meet all sdversariss and all adversity in carry ;^ it forward . Christ ' s -sayings and doing ; were misrepresented—his JSctiTea misiepresenltd £ e 2 " hi 3 character maligned , as ^ sr 3 have been ^ his prfsdp ] £ S were hid from , that is , they wess not re-Ci-lvtd by the "worldly "wise , but ^ ere r ^ ve ^ ed unto t « b : i—ur . to the Eiuiple-minde-2 and tie sincle hearted . Ws CLcrrists do not scruple to do Chartis : basi £ es 3 on iie Sal # itt-day , asd we have been reprehended for lib by 'he p-stttr-sccspiug scribes and Pharisees -of our & ? . Christ -was an " enemy to ail huuibnj ; &nd hypo-Cr -T- If be -srere living , would he not l £ sh our cLdtf priest' ?—sot frith a whiD of small cords . BWi
"Our weapon 5 e iaa whip of words , J-ud truth ' s ali-t £ acbing ire- " Trv Christ most lacienttd , -what he found the Jj £ f-iE : t to remove , the most difficult to overcome , w ^ s thf apathy , the delusions , the pre ; nd : c « of the ptcple tbeEsr ^ cj . There was not only the oficnity 0 : getting tt « n to receive the truth ; boi when they received it . there ^ os the srtater difficulty of getting them to retain ^ - z . t . 1 the still greater difficulty of getting tfcem to Pierre it pure from all adm ^ stnre of error , for enettits can-e af : t-r him and sowed tares . He raw that FKscLicg plain doctrines "was dry York ; that abstract truths "Wciij not easily -understood ct relished ; that fcfce ? jie «!« i ftmiliar images to render them intelligible ; tte secse to be ehow . i bf sensible examples . He therefore preached in parablES , and Mb Christian parables £ ? e a spplicable to cur times ; as suitable for our
parpesss ; as "well adapted for Chartism as for Christianity . Witness the parable of the sower . Have "we sot had these \ rfc 0 received the seed by the way side , End the f c-srls cf the air , Corn law Repealers , have come snd ca ^ ght av . ay the seed ? Again , have "we not had others \? bo heard the -word , and -understood it , and lorod it , as all who have any love cf truth must do ; tut they lacked persistiTe eomtaner , for -when tribulation ei peuecution came because cf the word , they * ere oSecded . and having no roc-t , withered away . ¦^ Pin , ha ? e there rot been others "who received the ^ ed , bnt the cares of this world and deceitfnlneBS cf ? cbfs , choked i % Jiie treeds , and it became anfraitfol ? *** y , have not others , snd , thank God , they are the £ * fcat majority , the rest are but exceptions ; are there * * 5 jaillioEs who hsTC received tte 5 *^ -3 into | good
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gronnd , who have heard Chartism , understood it , borne fruit , and br-. msht forth sme an hundredfold , some sixty , some thirty ? " He who hath e ? rs to hear . ! let him hear . " There is a ' so tho parable of the mustard seed , vrhich is said t j be the smallest of all see .- !; feut grows into a giant tree : ao it is with the seed of truth , j when sown into the heart , it is a mere word , an idta , I invisible ; yet , let it tske root , let it be nourished , and it -vril ] grow , it wiil expand , it will ei . largo itself , it I Trill became too srreat for "svhat contains it ; it will burst forth nnd scatter its sec < is abroad into other bosom" .
To -whom shall we liken the Tories—they are like old bottles in which if you put new wine , the strong and vigorous wine of Chartism , wina made from the very vine of Christ , it will be too much forth :- ™ , they wiil crack—they will fly—asd the Whus are like tho ^ e old-worc-ont dotbes , those tattered garments that if ycu patch them Tcith the rt :-ut broadcloth of Chartism , the net ? t ? ar 3 a ^ ay the old , so tbat there is not much difference birt- ^ een the tT ? o . Both travel in the fi i \ htvay of t ' ae world , they go through the wide gate— -je e have srtered the straisht gate of principle—we have taken the cross of Cfcri-t for our guide-post—it points net to Buckingham Pi-lace , nor to Lambeth Palace , frit to Heaven , and the Cbarter is nailed to it , an everlasting scroll , in -which is written our title to freedom hero-end to hippinoss berovfter .
Th-r ? are . more parallel c ; ses in the parables ; but 1 am afnitl of taking uy too mnch of youx time , if tiring ypurpationcs ; I wll , therefore proceed withtbe other points of ccmp-ri . 'on . Havs not the Chartis ' s as many aud as heavy complaints to make a ^ . inst the Bishops and Archbishops as Jesus Christ had acainst the seribes ind phr . Tisov-p-He boldly reproved them in their very pr ^ sen-r-e , and Sf-me of o = r brethren Jrove dene this at Norwich snd o >* . berplaces . But Christ bowed to existing laws , aud so do we , not that ws revere tfctm , but thnt by law we may mead the law . We have been tempted by Corn
Law K-pealers , and we hive resisted tfleir temptation ¦ as Chrrstwas tempted by the evil in the offset of bis ministry . The -ievil took feim fasting , and it is when ¦ we are hunirered , vrhen tt-tre is a famine in the land that the Corn-Law Repea-ers come to us and tell us of the chsup bread , the cbsap suj-ar , tho cheap tunber , the cheap everything that shall be ours , if only ^ e fii \\ yicid to their proposals , if only we will agitato for tern ; but vre bid them jet behind us , for they savor . rot the Charter . And now th . rich ar <* subscribing to -gi 7 e aims to the p < jor "whom they have begsared ; but ¦ sre tell tferm that the "widow ' s mite is -worth all in our eyes , and more thaa sll -when given for Vhe Charter .
The same kind of enemies that conspired against Christ conspire against us , and for tire same reasons , because we are opposed to their class-robberies and classcajoleries , and ss the chief priests and elders - wiuU ! iave taken him long before they did take him , had they not feared the people , so it is their wholesome dread of tbe people and that alone that ke * ps the hands of our oppressors off ns . Christ was betrayed by one of his own disciples , and it was a disnip ' . e ot the Charter—they oro -professing Chartists that setk to betray u ? . A robber wss loosed and pardoEcd in preference to Christ , and-our Government is mere inclined to favour the worst Felons and indeed r . ctosSiy does .
I \ ow these are a few of the parallel casas or points of resemblance between Chartism and Christianity . I --could adduce many mere , fent let these suffice . They are sufficient to show that a 6 trong , a close analogy -ex ^ ta between the tT 7 o , and that no man c ? n ba a Ctaristian unless he be a Chartist , and vice rcse . Ought -cot this to be matter f con . foit to us—of consolation—yea , of exultation . -Does it not shew that ia ¦ workrsg out our political redemption , we are actually at th « same time "working -cut our spiritual salvation . The bishops may tell us dKTerentty but we know tbat they are nut Christians—their lawn sleeves and -rilk gow £ 3 , their bushy wigs are not ths wedding rannents
ofCiirist—all who are notX'harust ^ are not Christians . It E the evil we are staking te ltason—the good tbat we ^ vish to put in its -place that entitles us to the s ^ pdlaticn of Christian -Chartists . We are dob » g the wetk of God on earth— "vre are instrnmtsts in his fcands , and thirk ye not that the afilictions -rre-sadure in- endeavonring t « r « Ecve affliction from others wiil utt be rewarded hereafter ? If we wipe r . w . y the tears 6 ' injured excellence , Of innocent distress , -will-r . ot < 3 r > & trlpi a-K-ay the tears from our eyes ? Yes , ar . d were it cot so , there is sureJysufScirnt resrard for dciig good = n the satisfaction of our own consciences— -for viriue -rswards itstif , ccmpss ^ Us itself .
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ADDRESS-OF TEE COMMITTFi : irroiNTED to ¦ s ? t 'i : ei > "tznd the EnrrriON ok HIE SiOSCMSM I . \ " 3 IEJI 0 BT OF THE LAIE liE . ^ BY HV > Z . To ihe Chariiits of hlandu- < ier arid cisi-id , c :: d a'l U ; ose in the VnHsd h ir . < jdom tcho support i . ' iosf princip l es , namtly Iht ri-jkli ayid liberties of tt : e ¦ tH . o ' epc . ty'e of which that di&- > iniished patriot '* cns r "> i unwervuij , ' U 7 ieor < qverableiZhd persevering advecat : till deatli . Bkothek Dejicchats axd Co ^ 'okksrs in the righteous c ^ t ? s- of truth am ) . jki 1 ce-yv u , "Vfho with us , are s : riving to redeem yi ; -. iTsciye 3 froiii political bondage , and for the sa : vation of your coactry from impeiidiiig . T . nd i ; judicious itepacrj not bpadily takon to avert it , inevitable ruin .
The tens cf th usands tf you Trhc assembled at Manchester cr . Good Friday last to witness the ceremony ef the -ayln ^ of the foundaticn- none , and our numerous frieeds who resided at a distance -who re ( 1 irom the cewspErers the proceediags of that day , and cf the grand sncl nun ; srou 3 denrenstr-tic ^ s on that occasion , will , we feel assured , be aDZiou 3 to ascertain what progress ^ vrs h&re mzde in oar iztriviic tnd responsiMe undertaking . It is therefore -vrith feelings cf pleasure and gratification that ve-hertby inform you that we are g ^ -ttin . 3 on with it rapidly . . .. 'he menumts : is already raised twelve feet from tho ground , aiid wiil he coripjderab . ' y iiefcer by the time tins eppt ^ rs in pr . i ; t . There are four stone masons constantly employed at it , and rriV . be until it is finished , the architect , their employer , coring guaranteed to hr . ve it c- ^ mplrted by the ICth of August next , tho same date on viilch tbe evir-mernoriole hut cruel c& 1 nt ? c = it > U 9 Pct ^ rloa MassiCTe tcofe plL <; e in the Tear 1 ? 28 .
To form c-strildn ^ contrast bttwixt dsy 3 in the two separate years , aad to sho-vr the onwarii march of democracy and the omnipotence of public opinion , "we b £ 7 e exerted ourselves on behalf of its completion , and it is our ir . lentkn to loose no tii ^ e , spare neither paias nor expense 20 fat £ 3 ib consistent ¦ with our duty a ^ public Servants , inpraparing at once for a national demonstration , to be htld on the lC : h of August next , to -cdtbrate its comj-Ic&en . and tLus bund it down to poste . : ty ns a national tokar of rtaptrct for virtca and ii ^ U-prit-r .
- To enable us to - > erf 3 rin the task vriiicli tre have set onrff-lves cf ^ o ; yc &'It 2 n :. iLtd , hlJ , if . pcsiib . ' e , paiii for , we take this , the first favi-urabla eppcrtuni-. y , to make an hunible , 1-jt urcc-nt c * p -2 . 1 , tc cur brotLer Cli ^ : tist 3 , arid th-s D ; mcc ~ ats ^ tcsrally throughout tfceempire , trho TrLh to sho- ? r their r-sfect for , arui attachment to , thc ^ e principles cf which Henry Hunt , E = q . ^ as decidodlj one of tie bravest , most faithful , and unflinchir-g ssivecates that ever lived in acy age , or Lny country , for 2 . contribution of their aiits for so worthy an o > J-ct .
Any donations or ~ ubscriptlr-r . ? , ho-trover qmall , -will be thankfully leceired , and duly acknovrlc < igtd , when we publish our bilijce-scect of the income end expenditure . Cur desire is io make it a plain , neat , and elegant token of esicea ; such a one as "will bs worthy ths life , character , conduct , and principles , of the nvan whom it is intended tc honour—to ha ^ d it des-n as a personification of gr = it i » rincip ! = 3 , which "will ht credi-Mble to oarselrcs , trio have b ; en eriLmbted vith its eitizzion , and we trusJ vriil T-. &ac : a never-dying honour t . rid admiration on the heads and hearts cf thosa who shall contribute towards carrying the intention cf the 1 ccrnmittte into fall effect .
- Tve feereby bc-g mest sincerely to acJ ^ iowled ge the pecuniary aid rendered us sc f ^ r , like ^ J ^ e to ttnder our sn : t-: ful thanks to the Chartists and Traces of Kanch ; = sterand district , for their assistance , and the proirpt ar-i enthusiastic manner in vrhich they recposded , in their acclaiming thousands , io cut last appeal for a acmenttration of public opinion , when the Icundatloii E-Qne was laid . in zn especial manner do vre thank Feargas O'Connor . JSsq ., for hie kind and punctual attention , for his valas ^ Je exertions , which were jropwly appreciated , i and for coming to accommodate the committee upwards ; of two hundred miles , at his own trpense , and , at tbat tirae , creat inconvenience to himself , to make good hi 3 promise , sd < 1 perform a public duty . ;
We beg likewise that ths Re ? . William Hil ! , Ed ; tor of the l ^ rihcm Star will accept our thanks for the long . sz < :--T : ent , and faithful report which he gave cf tbe proceedings of the peeple Gn that day . We pay the tame eoEcpiirEect to Mr . Joshua Hobson for his liber-: 2 donation ( A the printed circulars ; and all those friends wbu hononred ns with their presence from a distance—>! t * srs . Cooper , of Leicester , Harney , cf ShtSsld , and Jones , of Lircrpool , ic . TVe desire thus publicly to arknowleds -e the services of the excellent musicians ;
tbe ladies and youths who so numerously graced the procession with their presence , and in short , all who before , then , and Einee , have taken an active part in connection with us in so laudable an undertaking . We hope they will not think us presumptuous—and asking for too much fcy making another call upon th 6 m collectively—and by thua telling them that we rely upon their support and presence , if possib-e , at the forthcoming demonstration . We feel assured that we shall receive " their patronage in getting it up , and cheering ns on in our ardnons duties .
The committee have passed a resolution authonBing the secretary to forthwith specially invite the successor of Henry Hunt , Esg . ., the man of the people , Feargns 0-Connor—hoping that tfter this has met the eye of that patriot he will m 3 ke no other engagement for that day , but will hold himself in readiness , and free ; eo that , if possible , as lie laid the foundation stone , he may take his proper position when the top stone ia
laid . The last processien , as allowed by competent judges , outrivalled an j thing of the kind in Manchester for numbers , order , and grandeur . Such a one as the gold of the factions , their press , and exertions combined eould not convene . Still we flatter ourselves tbat the desire of the Imperishable , indnstrions portion of the community to Bee the splendid monument—and & "whole train of circumstinccS which reiider it necessary to give another irrtfn'able ajvaiaeat of tbe unanimity and .
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gower cf the many to the tyranical and monopolising few , -will ttnd to make the coming one even outstrip the letter , and by such testimony of our unity , numbers , sobriety , and good order , strengthen the agitation for libertf , and hasten the popular ( and never to be stopped by all the powt-rs combined ) movement for the natural and immutable rights of the now excluded and consequently enslaved millions . Brother Democrats , —To more widely and universally ( xtend publ-. c opinion in favour of the principles contained in the People's Charter , to show that we do not wish to take all the credit to ourselves , that "we in
Manchester and district do not "wish to monopolise all the glory , but rather make it a national Bubject , we humbly but emphatically call upon the Chartists and friends in every large town and district in Grtat Britain to send a delegate who shall be present to . represent them at the demonstration ; so that the active , good , and true , from all parts , might witness the honour paid to "virtue , and by that means stimulate them to step out of tho routine of their former energies f-jr tho salvation of themselves and cr-uijtry , —always hearing in mind that the most prominent feature in the life of a public man is , that he prove faithful till death .
We call upon the good men of London , Bath , Birmingham . L-.-eris , Sh > fflcld , Liverpool , Glasgow , Edinburgh , Suiiderland . Newcastle , &c , to send delegates , bi-cause by so doing it will give an impetus to the agitation far liberty by sending the demccratic fire which will l > s then kinSiei in every breast through the lerg h end breautb of the land , to bnrn up the embers of apathy and indifference now lurking in any patriotic bosom , and plant in their stead a motive and stimulant which niu-t urge them forward resolutely and determinedly in ths gigantic struggle , until their labours are crovntd with success , by arriving at tbe "wishful goal of freedom , namely , mental , religious , and virtuous political regeneration .
To carry out effectually the preceding rtcommendation , we adviss and request the snbSecretaries of the National Charter Association to lay the suggestions before the members of the General Council in tbeir respective localities , for tbeir approval , or © therwise . If the ft-rmer , as early as convenient , discuss the propriety of electing sober , talented , and judicious staightfsrward men as deltgatea , and forthwith collect funds to give their quota towards tho monument , and bear expences . We also make the eame appeal to the county delegate meetings , hoping they , likewisa , in their collective capacity , vnll gife the matter a due consideration ; and if they agree "with our project to exert themselves in its favour . The Committee held a long and proper discussion as to whether we have tho power , without being considered to have outstepped the power delegated to us , by offoimg a suggestion to the members of the New Executive , "which tniled in a
resolve" vhat in order to make the gathering of pood men froni various parts of the country to be doubly useful to the movement , and answer two' purposes , we most . ¦ i « spectfnlly suggest that they , the members of the Executive , discuss the propriety of calling a National conference of delegates to be hold on the following day , August 17 th , in the Carpenter ' s Hall , Manchester , trhen perhaps a friendly understanding could be established , all ill-feeling and bickering amongst leaders put an end to , the plan of organizition read , discusses ! , and if necessary ^ revised , and all jealousy for ever
Pr . msbed from our ranks . Differences arise frequently through misunderstanding—men who have done wrong unintentionally are denounced and looked shy uponwho if remonstrated with could ba made acquainted with their error and have some chance of reform , and for the want of which the causesoinetiir . es loses both thtir talent 9 aad influence . If this desirable end cou d be achieved it "would give an opportunity for the delegates when ftssenit ^ ed to adopt other meat-arts which they in their wisdom might deem necessary and prudent for the adva ;? canient cf the cause . ''
To the trades of Manchester we szy that we are right glad once mor * to have an opportjraity of giving them a .. Lance of coicing out and identifying themselves with the papular movement for the rights of labour , and by th * : r joining as trades , to set on ^ sample to those who have hitherto let reason slnmber , and in consequence here been apathetic . We rejoice to have it to record tbet the bricklayers , carpenters , paiLtors , mis chanics . fustian-or . ttt-rs . smiths , and spinners have already made a imoyo in the ri § bt direction , and we hope scd trust thut otheTs bttwixt now and then , will see it their duty . erery other scheme having failed ) to go and do likewise .
We -c-Lsh m . js : respectfully to say to the aristocratical portion of tbe Trades , ^ ho have hitherto stood aloof ; md trsated us "with indifference , B&apicion , or contempt , that in our opinion , judging rationally from passim ? eveKte , that the etnio circunihtaoces are at work still wh « L have brought down the w . ii » e 3 of , and impoverished other trades , and will continue , if not checked , and'eperate alike upon theirs also . Let us seriously im ? r : 'ss upon yec the necessity of beholding the signs of the times . Remember that tho system is like unto a rennd ball set goJEg from the top of a hill , every torn it rectives incases its velocity . KsKember that while Nero "Bas" £ ddling Rome was
taming . Read , we beseech you , the history of the rise antl fall of Other great cations , and compare it with jeer own ; and if you are determined that politico shall not be discassod in your assesirblivs as trades—if you fc « rre not yet be ^ an to study or perpetrate into the stste ci' the country in all its minute cn-d inward work-Inge —If you still p :. rsist in excluding tbe most essential ia ^ redient from youi deliberation ? , do for once take a Hicrc general ^ Bd outward view , anci thtn ask yourse ' vee , nt ; y of you , -whether the black ckrcd which now b £ . ni » over thousands of your fel ! ow * creatures , who vrore orcein tolerably ^ ood ci rcumstances ,-will not overshadt > vr yen with its dreary and gloomy descair ?
Do you nofc fe : ow that every Enheme which geciuc ecu ( 1 discover hzs been snatchsd . ;\ t by capitalists , foihe purpose of obviating ths Disessity for manual lebour ? Has -. not this been dona , and is it not covr being done , both at home and cbror .-d ? Yes , thpuyandc are btinsj thro ^ sa out of employL ^ nt , to -wander in 4 espair in the st" eets , creating poverty and hunger in tLeir domestic-circles . Encroschsacnts are daily siudc coon the righfcs-cf labour , and wage ? are reduced . In twelve months no fewer tear 118 , 000 h 3 ve been compelled to leave their country to setk a living in another , not boer- able to obtain one in their own ; and
it must be evitlazt to every sound thinking mind ttet ir prup . jrtwn jic every indudtric ^ s iabourer leaves vhis cuuntry and joins with ito competitors , it must , in the same ratic , impoverish us , zn < l strengthen our rivals . We are now m ..-. n unnatural , artiCcial , ruinous competition of nr . tioc against nation , vl master agaiast mutter , and of ait ^ san against artisan . Tke wordfeompttltion mtans neiuher more nor less tlian blood , sorrow , gr ^ a . ; s , ar . d tears -. it meats if jqc do not beat us ouz < ji LLc- luart-3 t—if you do not starve us to death , we will 1 eat you out cf the market—wa will starve you to deuih .
ZJoNcy is being taken out of -circulation , which : nji _ rrs shopkeepers , destroys the host market , namely , hot-u consuwpUon , ; cottage properii' is sinking ia value , in c . ; nsequouo-of tenants not-Lring able to pay renta , or ara conipciljd to leave them to liva three or fear famiiit-s in a hou .-e . Poor-rates ess rising almost tvery w « k . In one town , not more ihan six miles from Ma . ncbester , tb ^ . e was a uiscueciec ! in the C ^ urt Rool :, in tke ye-r 1 S 3 G , as to vrhutcer the ra : « ihouai bs Is . 5 d . or la . It Was resolved by thi ratepayers to fery the latter , and K found in -ufficieut , to make another grant . It tout tried ; it met tho dzmand . and Itft e , surplus . But no-T 7 , in the same to ^ n totockport ) tbe same rate amounte to the extraordinary sum of eiuht ehUlings , and even that is not
sufficient to meet toe demands . Churches ajo being built on . ilsLc-st every hill , for a full-bellied &cd well-clad backed parson , to preach , contentment and fubmiflsion to an ali . ioBt empty belly apd naked back . ! Tho industrious eUlions who wishvcinployinent and food as a right , are insulted and deg-raflingSy mocked -by begging letters . JJastilts are biicg built and fitted vrith the sysU-m-jnade victims . The . pawnbrokers' ehop shelves are actually bending beneath the clothing of the miserable and fctarving -working . elapses . The furniture brokers * trarebcuscs are crarma-sd with orticles of furniture , which people out of employment have been driven to Bell to obtain money to purchase sorocstViing to eat , and keep them from eitiief going to a bastlle , go cut to beg , or be literally starved to death . We-iead
-tf nnrabtrs ox . poor men in one part of the country being glad to get up a cow which & ; d died of a ftver , oe purpose to eat to stop the cravings of hunger . We read of another poor man who was in the act of boiliiig a deg to eat- Can an allwise , merciful , omnipotent Creator and Rul-er of the universe , the God of nature , of truth , justice , acd puritv , who has sent abundance for all , were it not for misrule and selfishness of men , look down with his irrespective and impartial eye upon such a -wicked and atrocious system ns this with his divine approbation ? No ; perish the thought ! it wonld be direct blasphemy , having revelation and the immutable and eternal book of nature ' to gaze upon , to suppose such a thing . To carry this black catalogue a iittle further , we hear complaints justly made from
every quarter . The disseaticg religious societies are crippled , and cannot many of them carry on for want of funde . Benefit societies are going to rack ; one of the best lodges amongst the Odd Fellows sunk £ 60 iu two quarters only . The bankrupt list filling more and more every week . The land cf the country monopolised by the few , and locked up by class-made law from the many . We see the Whigs and Teries only carrying on a factious figbt s we have a Government which will not listen to , nor remove tbe miseries under which the people are groaning ; wo are pestered with a corrupt and factious press , whose apparent object is to teap the people divided while those whose interest they are paid toBerve , is robbing them daily ; in fact , nothing but
ruin and misery stare tbe industrious people ia tbe fsce , and Elavery and wretchedness of every description ¦ will be the lot of their offspring and posterity . Let the trades only view thiB but faintly-drawn picture of the system which Is sending crime , poverty , murder , disease , and prostitution , with their concomitant evils , through the land . Let them reflect seriously npon the position in -which they stand—let them remember that another dark dreary winter will come and increase the stagnation in trade , and that employers now can take almost any advantage , and they will net only respond to oar call and the call of millions of tbeir fellow-creatures , but they will come forward in a tone end spirit of repc-ntance for their sins of omission in not coming to our standard Ufore . Tbe Charter is ho' the object
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of a party , it gives to all alike , if virtuous . It ia a righteous instrument ; and bad as our condition is , we believe there are sufficient elements in . . Great ' -Britain to give plenty to all , both of food and clothing and shelter . We have examined all . projects put forth by faction to ben ^ flfc ua , and bave conscientiously come to the conclusion that tbe Charter and that alone , will be a lever to lift us put ef oar difficulties . We entreat , moat urgently ^ but respectfullyy the Editors of the Nprt / iern Star , British Statesman , Commonwealmman , mi Chartist Circular , to assist us by insetting this address in their current puWications , oa they are devoted to the interests of the people , and cive us their help in every way which to them shall appear best calculated to forward the object We virtually appoint and empower them to open books for subscriptions from friends intht-ir district . If Hunt had been a general , he would be honoured with either a marble
or a copper monument We also appoint Mr . George White of Birnunghani i to receive money in that town and district Mr . G . J . Harney of Shtffiuld , Messrs . Williams and BlnnB of Sunderlond , Mr . Sinclair of Newcastle , Mr . Birtlettof Bath , and Mh M'Cartney , Liverpod . AH monies for the monument to be sent to our treasurer , Mr . T . Scholefleld , Every-street , Maucheater ; that gentleman having , on the good i ' aith of the resolution passed at the last demonstration , which promised to render him support , pad part towards the monument , and pledged himself to see that the cthur is paid wbea anished ; unlesa , therefore , we recfiive some assLitance from tbe thousands who voted on that occasion , pledging theiuselves to cbntribute their mite , he wiil have to make a serious sacriace , in addition to what ha has done already . Ho has given the ground and all his labours , and mauy pounds besides .
We need net say : that this is aE act which but few , moving , as he does , in society , that few parsons , at any tats , would be guilty of towards the much calumniated and persecuted by the factions ,-., but reyer . d and fsteemed by the working classes , Henry Hunt , Esq . Those from the surrounding towns are fiweby informed , that . the procession will assemble at hulf-pnst ten o ' clock , in ihe chapol-yard belonging to Mr .-Scolefield , where the monument is erectoct . . . ' A large platform will be provided for tlie committee , the press , and speakers . The chair -will be taken at eleven o ' clock . When the monument has been viewed , and the speaking over , the procession will form in Every-street , and march , accompanied with bauds of music , fligs , and banners , through tho streets , a route which will be laid out Carriage s will be provided for the delegates from a distance .
A tea-party and ball will be held in the evening . Every ar . angement tlio committee promise to attend to . In conclusion , we intend to do our duty , and feeliave that you , to whom this humble appeal is made , will do yours ; and may you and we work harmoniously together ; until every man possess ! s bis rights and liberties , and may the Ruler of the Creation stamp your and our exertions with the seal of his divine approbation . Until then , Wo remain , In the bonds of Friendship and Brotherhood , Your humble Servants . Signed , on behalf of the Monument Committee , William Griffin , Secretary . Every-street , Manchester , Juno « th , 1842 .
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Steel , formerly Quarter Master General of the Madras army , and latterly Secretary to Government in the political department at Madras . We have had the happiness of being personally acquainted with him , and we can attest hia merits and capabilities . A Woolwich Cadet . Chicheater , June 9 tb , 1842 .
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THE NEW PATENT COMPOSING MACHINE . Hitherto in spite of some abortive experiments , the compositor branch of the printing fensinesa has been deemed secure from the operation of machinery in diminishing tbe ' dehfand for manual labour . This security is now , we suspect , at an end , for we think that no practical printer can examine the new patent .- " Composing machine , " now at work , and exhibiting at 110 , Chancery-iane , without being satisfied that it will lead to a greater change in the compositor-department than the steam-press has done in the branch technically called press-work . .
Although the public are generally tolerably familiar with the art and mystery of putting types together , -we would require to begin in some sort ab inilio , in order to render a verbal description intelligible . Not that the machine itself is complicated . It combines in its construction , beauty , precision , and simplicity . Auy compositor may understand its action in ten miuutes , may work it afcer an hour ' s practice , and should b ^ able to do so with facility in a day . But let ua remind the general reader of what is the business of a compositor .
A compositor , in " setting up , '' as it is called , stands at a frame , supporting his cases , Which contain the type , each letter having ita separata box or compartnioiit . Holding the coraposing-stick in hia left band , he picks up the types with the thumb and fore-finger of the right , conveying Ihem -with a rapid motion to the cbmposing-atick , which is adjusted to tfce exact breadth of the particular work he is engaged on , be it quarto , octavo , or the column-s ! z 3 of a newspaper . Each line must be justified , that is , extended to the full breadth and rendered tight , -which is eifdeted by placing more or less space between the words , and by dividing "words where an entire word cannot be introduced at the end of a line . W hen the composingstick is fall , the mass is lifted out ( an operation of some . dexterity ) and placed on a galley , the compositor re-UUing his " stick" as before .
The labour of putting types together does not require uiuch of abaoluta muscular exertion , but it require 3 great activity , considerable dexterity and facility of band , with no small portion of endurance . A clever compositor will put together as many as 2 , 000 types in an hour , but the average is about 1 500 . In this calculation the spaces which divide the words are included , for though' of course , they do not appear in print , they ruust be picked up by the compositor as well as the letters . Now , the new " composing machine" enables two
individuals , with the subsidiary aid of two or three boys , to put as many types together in an hour as can be done by foui clever compositors , and that , top , without a tithe of the physical power required by the present mode of composition . Hence , too boys , or two intelligent girls , may perform the work of four men ; and the typo by this process is put together in a continuous series , without the necessity of dividing the copy as it is calied—a neceesity which frequently causes inconvenience when work is in a hurry , by reason of one man having his portion of copy done before another .
The " composing machine" is a patented invention , by Messrs . Young and Dilcambre , who have now triumphed over former obstacles , and produced a felicitous contrivance . On entering the room where the machine is at work ( 110 , Chancery-lane , ) the visitor perceives what one of our contemporaries has termed " something of the appearance , viewed in front , of the interior of a cottage piano forte . " At the instrument sita a young lady , the copy before her , precisely iu the attitude of one about to charm a drawing room . Suppose she is about to compose the xyotda Northern Star , she touches the key which communicates with the letter N , and immediately the ltttar flies down an inclined plane ,
through an open channel cut ia a brass plate , and straightway it will be ' -found in Mb proper place . The other letters follow ; and the completed words are propelled by a wheel , along a brass slide , towards the person who justifies— that is , whose business it is to divide the continuous stream of metal wonts into lines of the requifcita length . For this purpose tbe justlflor is provided with a box , divided into compartments , containing spaces of different thicknesses , with hyphens , the marks in&cating divided words . But we do not know that we can better describe the inets-ument than by quoting a portion of the description abrjady given to the public : —
• 'The machine itself hassomething-cf the appearance , viewed in front , of the interior c-f a-cottage piano , and haa seventy-two keys , precisely of the shape of the " keys of that instrument To these keys are attached upright steel rods , which communicate with the snKie number > of brass channels at the top of themacbine . These channels contain a complete fount Of type , each channel having its proper letter . At the back of the uiachino is an . inclined plane , with thirty-six carved channels , all of equal length , into which the letters are made to fall , an < l through which they proceed to a aoit of spout , down which thoy are gently forced , by an ingenious eccentric movement , towards the person who justifies . , ' ' '
" The key , when struclr , moves a small lever , which , as it were , cuts off a letter - ff pin * ' the column in the brass-channel . The lever instantaneously resumes its position , and the column of letter , by its own weight , as 'instantaneous !? descends , the bottom letter being ready for the lever to let it out immediately it is required ; aud so on till the whole column of that particular letter maybe exhausted . The letter , falling into the curved channel on the inclined plane at the back of the machine , descends into the spout before spoken of . This spout is very little wider than the type which falls into it , letter by letter , with its face towards tho person playing the machine . This spout
is curved downwards , from its mouth for ten or twelve inches , and , when the machine commences work * is filled with quadrats the wh « le length of sueh curve , as a support for the letters to fall on . The eccentric movement alluded ta touches the letters abova one-third up as they fall into the spent , and gently forces tbem through the curve , and thence along a horizontal chiiimol of brass towards the justifying box . H 4 re the type is drawn-into what the compositor would call a stick ; and when the proper number of lines have beeu justified , they ere taken out and placed in a galley precisely as the composing stick is emptied . Any process more simple to effect such a purpose it would seem impossible to accomplish . "
Tiw person playing the machine must possess the ordinary intelligence uecesaa ' ry for composing , and the type thus composed is as liable to be filled with blunders as by the present mode of composition . The player may omit to touch a key—' may . ' misspell a word —may omit a sentence ; or , if tbe copy be manuscript , commit some of those mistakes which occasionally iofliofe " agony of agonies" on the ssuls of sensitive authors . But the facility with which th ? modus operandi may be acquired is evinced by the circumstance that the machine is worked by young women , with the assistance of boys ,
who are ttus occupied : —The young -women are alternately , for two hours each , employed in playing the machine , in justifying , and correcting . Two of the boys are engaged in filling the seventy-two channels with their respt-cHvo letters , two in distributing tho type , and the fifth boy iu giving motion to the wheel by which the typo is pushed forwards into and along the epoat towards the justifying line . The work done at present S 3 at Itast equal to that which could be accomplished by four abie coinpasitors , at about a third of the expence , while the machine occupies no more space than a -. pinup . The maker of the machine Is Mr : J . O . V / ilaon , of 10 , i ? ercpval-street , CieWcenweil . Ita exp ' snee is about , £ 100 , and the one now in operation was made in about five weeks . rri - '
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with great injustice to the public , many of whom never ' heard of the Acts bf Parliament or proclamationa on which the present order is founded . About ouothird , perhaps , of the gold circulation is under weight , and yet passing current without let or challenge . A large proportion of light gold bas been Issued fromtba Bank of England ! , who have refused to issue sovereigns of full weight when the exchanges -were unfavourable , and their bullion stores at a low ebb , to prevent further exportation for profit According to coinage weight , 1 , 000 . sovereigns should be equal ^ to 2 libs . 4 oz . 18 dwts . 10 grains . According to the Queen ' s proclavii : vtion , they will be allowed to pass current , if equal ia
5 dwta . 2 | grains , or 21 lbs . 3 oz . 4 dwts . 4 grains , making a aifference of 1 cz . 12 dwts . 6 grains , which , at £ S liTs . lO ^ d . per oz ., ia equal to £ 6 5 s . <* 3 ; or 12 s . 6 d . per ct , or l . ^ d . per piece .. Many of -fchs ¦ sovereigns now cun-anti and half sovereigns , will bs . ' found below the new standard weight , snd the holders must , in that case , ¦ sell them to a bullion dealer , or present them for exchinge at the Mint The . reception which the holder of a light ; sovereign would receira from tfie officer of the Mint we can easily imagine , hut no information or guide to the public on this su ' fjuct has , as yet ,. come under our observation . Every sovereign n ; u 3 t now be weighed before it is taken in payment , and much confusion and delay . will probably arise
inconsequence . - The Gold Coinage . —The measure of the Government ; in " . calling in the light coin , is likely to give more currency to Bank notes , and especially to those of iha Bank , of England , as these when of small denominatior . a arefiif more readily passed , and without the incouvonience . of : ' weighing . ; " It is unquestionably the duty of Governmeut to appoint the Bank of . England-it *' mceiyer'general of light coin , at the actual value ' " by-weight , in order to get the currency in a sound ' . state as so ^ t as . possible . A notice has been posted at . the Bauk jf l
England ,- partly meeting the oVjec ions above urgi ; , but still being of reli ' cr to tho large holders rather th : vn the smaller and more defenceless ones , and we miut repeat , as we have said above , that the only method 01 withdrawing the light coin is by establishing Q ' ov . era-.. ment receiving officeB and for the very smallest sums . There is . in fact , no other security against the re-circuiatioa of light sovereigns for which the holders is ay only have received the actual value in weight . Iutha country . districts the branches of the Bank of England should be directed to exchange , and at once deface t * a 6 deficient coin . The notice is as follows : — -. " ¦ ¦ ,
" Bink of Eazlahd , June 9 , -. 18-42 .-"At the requsst of the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of her Msjestj ' d Treasury * and for the relief cf those wbo have in their posseision the gold coin of this kingdom below the legal pun-eat weight , I ' Notice . is hereby given , that from and after this day , ! any quantity of : such gold , in amounts of not less than ! £ 50 , will be taken at the public-office of the Bank of England at £ 3 17 s . "IO ^ d . per ' ounce , from the hours of nino o ' clock in the morning to three in the afternoon , . ! until further notice . "
Light . Sovereigns . —It is almost impossible to describs the inconvenience , annojflnce ,. and confusion created throughout the metropolis by the publication of Her Majesty ' s proclamation relative to the present gold currency . These have been felt more or less every day since that document was published but oh Saturday last they were at their height ; It is bardly necessary to observe- that most of the -working classes uvLondon are puid on Saturdays ; too many of them not till . a yery . late hour . Upon these classes the rumours which bad been in circulation for the two or three days praviouely bad no practical effect until they came into the markets on Saturday to purchase tlieir necessaries for the coming week . They then found to their surprise and annoyance that most of the shops refused to take
any-gold whatever , and others would only change a sovereign upon a deduction of a shilling or sixpence , whether the coin was heavy or light . Wo allude particularly to the populous districts of Lambetb , , the London , Borough , and Kent roads , and down to BermondseF . A rtport was circu ' ated , and obtained very extensive credence , -th . it' the Qaten had called in all the old sovereigns at 19 s ., and tuat after next manth they would not be received for more than 15 s . This tended greatly to insrease the pressute an the working classes , and sbvereigns were readily parted with , in many instauces , for , 188 . How far the evil here noticed was occasioned by the somewhat ambiguous readiDg bf the . but certain
proclamation it is not necessary to inquire ,. . it is ; that roost extrava&ant notions were circulatsd and believed as to the actual losa that would accrue on a sovereign which had been rejected as light . This waa varied from sixpence to fivo ahillings , and will sufiioiently account for the panic which prevailed generally amongst the poorer holders of gold coin ^ It is probable however , that tha worst is now past , and that before the next market day the great mass of the working classes will , have a more correct notion of what the proclamation is intended to convey ; if not , some meanB will probabiy be devised for preventing b repetition of the presaura of last Saturday . —Times .
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Last week , in Warwickshire , a young man . named Mills , who was engaged as under-keeper ia Wright ' s wild beast boow , met bis death in the following shocklag manner : —He , with the headkeeper , wen ^ jDtb the dehof thelionesa for the pnrppse of cleaning or repairing H , when the superior having occasion to leave the den for a short time , Mills was left alone with the animal * which sprang upon bin and lacerated him in the most dreadful manner After liBgerins in great agony till the next day , death terminated hia anfferiBgg . —Norwich Mercury
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CHARTrSM , JOHN COMPANY , AND CABOUL . "It is theheight cf virtue in Hindostan of AfF ^ hanietan never to keep faith with a Feringhee ! " —A WOOLWICH CAVE ? . —Northern Star , Z 7 lh March , 1812 , The Recounts lately received of our position in Affghantstan are anvthing but satisfactory , and we must point to our motto for the truth of what we have hitherto asserted . Ghuznse has surrendered , and the Commandant . Colonel Pa-mer , with his regiment of Sipah ^ ea , 1000 men , laid down their arms , on condition of being marched in safety to O . ibjUV . But the tera ; s were not aohored to ; the natives were massacred , and the ^ European officers wtre kept for ransom . Great encouragement this for out native troops to prosecute this deadly strife , this Frar of tfXiermin . 'Ulca >
Auother body of our troops under General England auSercd a check with some loss at Quetta , on the march to Candiihar , to receive General Nott , and wete obliged tc retreat and wait for roinfereernents . Mark how niceiy tbay minco their words in the various despatches ! 1 and people here at home talk of u g ? . mo at war as a Ecfcoolboy or sick girl would talk of a game at chtss . or . -seme old-- dowager recount her triumphs or disasters and £ ght over the ba ' . ties of tiie > Iast night ' s rubber . Sale has again made a cfOlant sortie from Jellalabad , and burnt Akbar Kbar . a" camp and re-captured four guns lost at- Ciboul , but Colonel EBinire with a number of bravo men were killed . We fear much th ; it Ganeral Follotk will find immc-Jise
difBcuities in bis way in nitrching to Sale ' s relief ; as the road (?) from tho Kayber pass to Jellalabad , within fifteen miles of tho latter , is very rough and stony , " leading over an u ; idclating- " . hilly country , which is cut by deep ravines , having a descent of Si 00 feet before reaching tho pkrla in which Jcllelabad stands . " From the Khyber Pass to Jellalabad the dietanes would be about HbVeiity or eighty miles , consisting of barren and stony plaiiisj and also through narrow gorges and high hills , and through the Landi Ktiani Fasa , where there is an elevation of , ! 400 feet Tha Khyber Pass is a narrow ravine between steep lulls , and twelve miles in l&ngth . ' Tho elevation at the top !•? abont 30 Q 0 feet , and four miles from tlie top , 011 a comical hili , which rises up in toe c 6 ntro of the pass , is tho fort of
Ali-Musjid . It appears that Gsntral Pollock with the Bengal division , hhs gained ,. pi » ssession of tr . e entrance of thf pasa , and taken the forts cpmmanuiBfj ; it , but the question now eeems ysvy pertineiit , has he fought his w . ^ y through , the tweive miles , has hu cari-bd the fort of AU-Musjul iuike centre , and haa he got out of the pass ? We fear i he < nfiloultieb he will have to encounter will be great , and his loss already haa bi en v < iry consi ! erable ; ami oaso nicro , with the aid of ti ' . ft Dake of Wellington , we call immediately on . Jlinifit ^ ra for a compromise , and an honourable withdrawal . Tiae Commons House of Parliament has shewn ue ciany adepta lately in the former , an ; l it would be a fine opportunity for' Shoy-Hoys' toduscantupon and inumlate tha reading public with specimens of their oratory , liberality ,
feelings for the oppressed , d ^ siBtereetedaets , and patriotism . T 2 ; e opportunity should not be lost , ar . d their powsrof eloquence , now at ouch a grievous discount , mi ^ ht £ nd credence even at a Lord Mayor ' s fea ^ V , or ccuoiig tho saints of Exeter Hall . It is stated that fe " fjul ordera were brought to Col . palmer at G' duz j ; 'o , !> y Rohilia ILhuv , from Qen . E ] phin > tons and Majoi' I ' otiia ^ er , anil that tbe people of Indie have a remarkable facility in imitating writing , coata of . arms , ic , r . nd that tbey make a coninioia practice cf forcing such oitlera and comniuQiciiUcns as terve thuir purposes . To eoii-uborato this we "will recount an anecdote which we heard from fcir Charles Metualfe some years ago , himself . 'When 2-, e was resident at Dj ' . lii , the capital of the once-famed . 3 Jogul E--npire , he wa 3 cr . a day " undergoing tho ops > ration of shaving , and uoticod , after a tima , that his liujaam , or barber , ( commonly cailvsiiin Bengal a Nappy , ) waa fidgetticg about him in au extraordinary mauner , smkkinf ? , grinning , aaa big with somu portentous
events , which ha-seemed burning to rolato to the Burra Sahib . The Nappy' has invfjiably a two-fold employment , a chronicler of'daiiy events , as we ! l as tohsor , in the former of which he is completely at . home ! Presently , he asked Sir Charley if he rernombered a caee which he had decided a- faw days ago , between two Mohamoie'ian merchante , respecting a large eum . of monej 7 , one of whom claimed tha whole from the other , for which he produced in Court a bond , duly executed and attested , and legally witnessed . Sir Charles ssiil he had not forgotten it , us'it- ' Was a very extraordinary affair ; but the other merchant ; also , although he had formerly denied any knowlbiig . 3 whatever of sueh a boud , aow admitted his rival ' s claim , but produced in Court a receipt in full for tile whole amount . ' The receipt in full was found to be perfectly correct ; the several parties withdrew forthwith , and the case terminated , apparently to the satisfaction of the Court .
Bat Sir Charles was yet to bo enlightened , and through the rcoiHum of his " Nappy . " These uierchanta were at variance ; each was striving to uircuinyeiib the other , and min him in his property ' and . the cstiuiatioii of the world . By laeaus of a forgod hond bn thought to effect this ; and in its operation shewed sUch 2 . compileition of candour and cunning , tLatthewaua thought him a perfect martyr , and the othar a swindling villain . The poor browbeaten wretch in vain tieclartd he owed him . nothing—that the bond waa a forgary : justice demanded a speedy settlement , and he was ordered to pay tho whole ' -su ' ui into Court the next day ! The creditor and debtor made their respective appearances at the time
appointed with their train of friends and acquaintances . The bond was produced and all was in order , . and payment waa immediately to take piac 0 by--order of the Court All Sfcemed to go on smilingly , ' arid , like Shy lock , the holder of the bend demanded nothing but bis due-A . change came o ' er the spirit of hip dream , and lo ! to his astonished vision a receipt in full was produced ! To dispute it would have bten woise than uaeleas ; tho adversary had fought him with his own weapons , and " Non mi ricordo ' was the order of the day . In the words of ths D ^ lhi Nappy , after acquainting Sir Charles with the whole of the circumstances and making him laugh at the result .-V White man cuu-y boat black man in the field of battle , but devil himself can't beat black man in justice court . '"
For the eake of the hostages , for the sake of Generate Sale and Nott at Jellaiabad and CandaLar , and all tlie brave men belonging to us ; for tbe sake of our honour , safety , and moral superiority in India , let ua for once show an example to tho worlds and let civilization put a stumblinjf bleck in our unhoiypaths , and show that we are capable in reality of beiog " tbo ev . vy and adtniration " of nations at heme and abroad . Lot Sir Robert Peel dwell amply on the Duke of Wellington ' s statesman-Uke avowal , and Ie 6 him order forthwith an honourable withdrawal .
But we must have men of onother etamp tl an Ellenborough to effect this , and no time must be lost . Shall we mention one who would be pecnliarly adapted for such a service ( if alive , ? Colonel S : udainore WiL-. ie
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THE GOLD COINAGE . j BY THE QUEEN-A PROCLAMATION . Victoria R . —Whereas it haa been represented unto us that great quantities of the gold coin of this realm deficient in weight are now in circulation , contrary to the tenor of two Proclamations isbued , one by his lute Rayal Highness George Prince Regent , in the name and on behalf of his late Majesty King George the { Third , bearing date the 1 stof July , 181 ? , and the )
other issued by his late Majeaty King George the j Fourth , bearing date the sixth of February , one thousand j eight hundred aud twenty-one ; and there being reason "' to believe that due attention is not paid to the weighing of the said gold coin , and the directions given in the { ' Acts of Pailiament now in force with respect to the cutting , breaking , sr defacing such pieces thereof as ere '• found to be of kaB -weight than those declared by the I last of the aforesaid Proclamations to be current ,, and to ! pass aad be received in payment ; we do by this our J Koyal Proclamation declare and command that from and after the date hereof every gold sovereign of less weight than five pennyweights two grains and a half , and every gold half sovereign cf Jess weight than t wo penny-weights thirteen grains and one eighth , be not 1 allowed to be current or pass in any payment whatso- I [
ever ; and we do hereby atrictly require an <| command all our loving subjects , and particularly all the cffieeis , collectors , and receivers of our revenues , etriotly to conform to the orders hereby given , and to the directions and regulations enacted and established in the several Acts of Parliament now in force with respect to tie cutting , breaking , and defacing such pieces of the said gold coin as shall be found deflcient in weight . anU we do hereby further ordain , declare , and command that the said gold sovereigns and half sovereigns of the ¦ weights last above described shall pass and be received as current and lawful money of the United Kingdom of Great Britain aud Ireland , every such sovereign as cf the value of twenty shillings , and every such half sovereign as of the value of ten shillings , in all payments whatsoever .
CiiVsn at our Court at Buckingham Palace , this third day of June , in tbe year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-two > in the fifth year of eur reign . GOD SAVE THE QUEEN . On t ^ e above p .-cclaniation , the Chronicle observes—The on rafon of this P * ivy Couuoil law will be attended
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LORD ASHLEY'S BILL . A new measure has been introduced to th 9 Commons this week , with every prospect of being carried by acclamationr-a bill , to prevent the cviU recently disclosed in the mines and collieries . This is a striking instance , of the practical advantages of inquiry ; and the late Governmeut , much as it was twitted with ita commissions , is entitled to some share of approbation for the freedom and readiness with which it inquired into anythiDg and everything . Some time ago there was an investigation into the employment of : the chiK dren in factories ; and it was discovered that mismanagement and mercenary brutality had gradually built . up '"' a . system which was distorting and crippling the rising generation of our most important districts .
A law was passed to prevent tho continuance of that evil . . It was then alleged . that the condition of children in other employments was even worEe ; and the exertions of Lsrd Ashley procured the appointment of the Children's Employment Commissioners . They have examined into the state of young pgTsens 5 n one branch of industry , miues atsd collitries ; and in the course of their inquiry they have disclosed more than the sufferings of the children alone , for they found the case of the women in many places ' no ...-less pitiable . The frequent coincidence of great individual wealth with national distress has been remarked as one of the characteristics of England : the - - . Report . of the Commiagioners exposes , in conjunction with the highest civilization in the world , whole stctions of the people
sunk in , the lowest barbarism . In some districts infanta are condemned by their parents to perpetual labour , at-a work—to call , it beyond their strength in saying nothing , for it dooms them to premature adolescence , disease , and misery ; it is so conducted ; tbat the infant is cai-ried almost from tho cradle to that moral degradation and physical fiuSVving in -Bhich he is to perish ; and it is performed in places- so st . ait aud noisome , and so-perilous , that the very being in thani is a fate from which brutes would be shielded . FamiUarity with danger and ciisery , and seclusiou from moral or civil control , fostct in the grown men feelings of ferocity and recklessness , of which the deftnceless childron and woTntn are the victims ; and the latter are driven from their domestic duties to btar intolerable loads . The child of the mO 3 t refined civilisation has rolled in his carriages , perchance reading , to beguile the way , of distant lands and savage races , over those nitirky labyrinths where . the British
troglodytes of the nineteenth , century lead a life degraded by the traits of savage society , including tha worst of all , the subjection of tlie female stx to tha condition of a beast of -burden . We know all that is endured by tbe Indian fquaw ; any child could tell ycu that tie women of Polynesia : peiform the drudgery of life ; but it comes upon most of ua with the effect of paiBful surprise , tfcat a whole class of . the countiywomen of Queen Vfctorfa undergo a more horrible and degraded fate than any which savage life eiitaila upon tho sex . Existence in some : ef the mines ti ^ 'pears to differ fr om that of savages caic-fly ia th&t it is bui-ifcd from the sun an air , and that the toil never ends . Here : S a field for the exercise of the superabundant corpntate philanthropy of Great Britain J Societies for the emancipation—ay , even of Blacks—¦>" : ' need not seek for objects of sympathy in distant quarters o"f the globe : they have theni here , under their very feet : ' .- ... ' . - " - ;
To'know these things , and not t « begin a change afc once , were scaicely possible ; and Lord Ashley's bill will instantly extinguish the most hideous evils . It will totally prohibit the employment of females in the mines and collieries ; bpya tinder thirteen years of age will be excluded ; the cancelling of existing apprenticeship-indentures , and the forbidding of all EUtb . apprenticeship for the future , will emancipate a class of white slaves ; and children will no longer be inttuated with the duties of engineer . —a practice which produces some cf the moat wholesale disasters and rect-Iessncs 3 of the present system . To this measure little abjection 13 biiited . Something is said about the limitation of age for boys ; f . r -it is supposed that they Mnnot after twelve years of age contract " the peculiar bond of the hack" which befits a collier—grown men ,
it might oe said , do not crij > p ! e eo readily ns infanta The instant withdrawal of all female labour does not appear to cause any Bppieheasioa on economical grounds . Counting on the endurance of their helpless dependents the men lead a very irregular life , alternating fits of debauchery with fits of industry : deprive them ef the aid whlcb . they now exact from the feeble , and they must divide amongst themselves that work which will not be altogether superseded by improvements in the mines ; 'and it seems to have been found , in practical experiments , that the families are no poorer , and of course incalculably happier , where the women are excluded from the minea and left to their domestic duties above ground . It ia very seldom that a measuie receivea such approval from all sections of Oppcdtienlsts and 'MinistcriallBta as Lord Ashley ' s bilLSvectaidr . ¦ :- . '¦' , " . ' - ; : ' ; ¦ ¦¦ ¦"¦ : . ' ;; '¦¦ ¦ " ~ : - - ¦" . v ¦ ; '
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________ THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 18, 1842, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct893/page/7/
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