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tEmpmal parliament.
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13aukrupt0, &c.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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2 E : — ~ — = T ^ T- — - SECOND REPORT FROM . THE fJHLDEE . X EjiPLOYiiEtfT COMMISSION . XACZ 1 ZASVT ± CTCR'E . A further peruEU of she report made and the evidence Collected by the Commissioners appointed nn < 3 er the " Children's Employment Commission /* has fully eon-Tineed us tfcst Sir J . Graham will be tniity of a prat deic'ict ' cn of bis duty—a dereliction , however , ^ hich Ve by no raeans acneirate t'om him—if he dors not immediately introduce icio Parliament measures K-r the raoteeuon of chiidrtn and young persons employed : n the manufacture of lace . It is not a little singular , that those occupations wbich are engaged in adorning and embellishing tbe female stx sbruld be precisely tbost -R-liich i . filc : the maximum of sufcriBg and fcrtuit on ibit belp . ' ^ ss class of persons which , by tbe
Wise eCi-EDE-y f * Bafure , is more particularly recciumenr ^ d to its s ; rrp 3 thies , and vre ma } i-ven ' add to its esppvia : regiKUuu protection . We submitted to our tudr-a , in a recent number of cur jouTBal , an appallirg aceon ::: ef the various heart-rtnding har < Uh P- * anu pri-TiTvns to which -. he young dress-makers of the aietropo " . ls are cxpt > s * d during every hour of tbt day and niefe :: we propose in our present EURibtr to submit to term another picture of misery scarcely le&s appalling in i- _« intensity , certainly far more extensive in its laiLiflcatioi :, smd iiide » criba . b ] y more dangerous to the eoiu- ! unity , frcrn tbe masses "which it embraces , and
frC'Di the awful immorality end debauchery -which it is hourly generating in three counties placc-d is the very heart of Eng l and . The main features of this picture ar * scattered over-a Tery long » nd % V . c report of Mr . Gr- ' . Etaj , ¦ who Las in ^ estigaved the different pticsercs of iaic-ur in the lace nunufscture wl ; h a patitnt a * sidui ; y which does honcur to his bunisoiity . ircii has deiciNrO them wivh a dearrtss and rigour &f lingu ± ae which place y » m in the £ rb : rark Lining the writers on statistics . Our oYj&et will be nor * iLan answered , if we can draw the attention of ibe public to the 160 pages of his report ty the rapid summary of it » h ; ch we cow subjoin .
iLe lace manufacture is pri : cipally coifined to the ecu tits of Nottingham , Leicester . &rd X > trby , there being , according to Mr . Grainier , 2 , 760 machines employed there , and only 7 ST in ths I&le i . f Wight and ail the rest of England . The Taiue of th s machinery Buj De estictattd in round numbers at a turn not Tery much short of £ 1 . 500 , 006 . The amount of the actual fixtii capital in the trade has not been circulated ; tut the fjlv-a of the goedssold in the year 1 SS 5—thearnnal value has sxzee fallen ci " , but U > wfcar acuut is urctrtain— -was £ 2 212 , 000 . As a branch " of r ^ norU industry , then , there can be no doubt as to the importance of the ' ace trade . TLe mantLfEcture of luce comprehends a . variety , of dis ; o : ct occur-anon *—v ; z ., " mskirgthe iace , " " gassing" 'bleschiE . ^/ ' " laeEdiBZ , " " tmbrcideTirg . " " dmwing , ¦ pi .-. uing . and ) . tunning , " and " dresfiaggfetticg-cp , or £ jiihing ; " and in all of them children ant : younc persons are employed .
"WindiDs 3 Ei threading the lacs are ci-ss ^ A by il / . Grantrr ui . der the occupation of " m . kicg the iai * -. " The winding is almost invariably perforiEtd by girls and , -aiig women , "who begin about twelve tr fourteen , bu : srt generaiJy abore eighteen . Tieir labour is to * iLvi into brass bobbins the Decenary quantity or thread tu R . » i : e a pkee cf laoe . The thrtad . icg is prir , ^ ipil !> peruirmed ty t-oys , who Begin at the age of eight years and ivhslf , aid c ^ t / nut- tiil fifteen , wh ^ n ttey usualjy go : o the m-chicts . Wq fchould tran&gress our limits , -were Te to d ?* c- be 4 hs process ol threadiE ^ tainu : ely ; it may he EiJJL-itrDt to st-. te that it
consists in passing the end of the thread which has bi . en pr « Tit . us \ y wt , ui . d into the bobbin , throo ^ h tho sperture of the carrifige iu which tbe bobbin is ins-. ~ ied and aftcj-rarus w- ^ rks . O ^ the ptcztzs of jasi-cg aud bleaching the l ^ ce , Mr . Graiaetr « . " userTea that nu particniar otserraiiun need be male ; but on the process ofmendiig , ferLbrcioeritg , ai . a draw . iig , he hi ' arks , tea ; aimvjet all the children of the labouring classts in Nottingham are engaged in orse or otbtr of them , " as soon as tl » ey c ^ u tic a trot or use a needle . ' The dressing &- _ d Sni-hicij the lace al ^ e ^ . j ioy uii ^ iy chilar cn and young p '^ rscas uf lyy . h stxc * .
We ha ? e made these prelinicary rtirarfcs on the different procsssiJ in the lac * ms-iufacture , in order that the publie msy the better un iersiaxid the observa tions which we ti . 3 . \\ hereafter h * re to effer to it , oa the labour endured and the Tsies recci \» d by the drswe : s , tLrs ^ dcTs , winders , hice ruan * ra , as fembrjiderers tire gtseralb- * enned , anu lac « menders of >" ottngLamshire , Liicist ^ rshirej and De ; byshire . Ani first with respect to the drawn . Drawing is a Tery simple protess . performed by drawing out with a needle the threads which hold together the separate iridths which m . > kr rp the entire vnrce as it comes out
of the machine . In the Netting { ruiiiiure district it is coiiiiEon for ctiidien to coii . mescc <» t this work at four , fi-ve . and six yesrs cf a «« . Ore of tbe witaes&es whom Mr . Grainger fciaruicid had thirty-tlx cbiidrrn in her employ , chiefly of fccTen je-srs ct age and upwards . Some , howfevex , brgiri as sx > n as they ean hold a needle . Mr . Grainger f nun'i a child placed at work by its parent hef'j . e-if iros tiro years o d ~ The fcTivleEce which ho has cenwtcyi on tha . poiit is so extremely curioag , that we shall m-lt no aj ~ lo £ ^ for s-cbmittiiu ; V- to t ur readers . " jlri- Ecuiht' -n—Is a Iswx-drawtr , ? . nd has four cii . drga ; E ^ r ^ . rt . eJ ^ bt jb&r =. j . E ue , tir , Mary , lour , and E ' . -Zi , Uu ¦ J iiTS old ; uf ttrfe tte tbree doer r . ; c was not
empJ ^ ycd ss liCc- ^ rawers . three ¦ wheii she h- gan to work , &z . nz was aboa ? the Sims , and ilary was tut quite two ye- ;^ & : d . E : " 23 ' his tried and dra . u a few throa < is out . ' [ Sub-CommiseioD-. r—All this was interruprt-i with ' iiicd your work , '' X-kc care , '' ilak- has ^ , > 'u » , Anne , get or , * ' Hind your ¦ Wyrk / J Brains geDeraily at six a m iu the suicmsr , and stven iu the winter ;• in the farmer goes as till dart , in the latier till ten p m . The two bi ^ ge-t rhD 'irn work with wim ; ss these hears ; alary begiES 3 i tbe sime thne in the morr . iiig , but sbe lta-vts off about P . 34 . The childieu have i . o
fcnio to go out to play . ' Tney go out -very Seldom- ' HaTo breakfast when they h&Te time to get it ; the same with eLntex acd tea . HaTe abvut a qzziUrT of an h » ur for each meal . The children are obliged to si : at tteir work . Tcsy sit all-iay . [ 'Micd ycur work- ] Tae work tries the eyes . Tbe black is the worst ' It is dree work . " i' Now , Uaicd your work , 2 Tiie cludren have Tery goed health . " Sab-Commiaio-ier—The children are Te-y £ se and pret ' . y gnh > , tnd . " -. ppear healrby Tbe two younger sit perc ' rV . upon chairs , their legs too short to reach the ground- " . of
It arp' ^ rs from this statement that a child f * ui y »? . TE oil v ^ as worked twehre Lours , aid another of six fifteen hours 3-day by their own mother , and that , too , whilst her husband , who generally hid work , was earning twenry-thiee shillings a wt * k by his regular \ rages . Tfi-. re i ? a mas ; of evidence &V . tending to proTe f ^ A thirteen or fourteen hours is the ordinary ^? orfc of these Tery youn ^ children . The most serious tfFLcts are in conspqueLce often produced upon their health and strength- One witness rtatts th-i " the children who are drawers are Ttry dtiicate anJ s : ckjy-lcckii ; g . If they are well when they go to work , in a year or twu icej becsme thin . Maiiy mother * have i-y . ^ Tne that their h&arg ache to send their children to work at such sn early age aDd for suck long hou . s , but they are carup ^ iled to do it to get bresd f tbeir famil'es . The
• yns . bi for men are s-3 much reduced in luaEj' of tbe tracts in Nottingham , that to support the family they art compelled to send theii children out to work ; " and what do our readers suppose the paltry stipend to be which is earned at the expence of the bl ^ od , muscle , aad spirit * of these infantile latKUTLfs ? Mr . Ftltin states that three shillings a week is a Terj high average ; and Mr . Grainger , in oosimenting upon that atatement , expicKses his conyicUen that it is much more than is nrla .: ' . y fearoei Mor .-over , though sach are their tarnir ^ s . tliey are Tery insufficient y doth-. d and Terr poorly fri SurrJy , then , ii is iccnm ^ Dt c ^ on the G ^ Tem-Ei :-. to take stringent measures without delay for tbe protection of these irLinta , s . tice i ; is eviuen ; that we Coaii--t trust either to the natural feelings of their parecis , or to the buajanity o ! the saiali mistresses who generally employ them .
Tae aTerage tge at which children begin to thread is , as we have airi&dy Etated , abont evaht years and a half Tbe majority of threaders are boys . At the age of flft € > en the girla become wirders , or go to other occupations , and the b ^ ys then oi earlier go to the m ^ chices . During these seTen years ths children who thread are liable to be called upon to w » rk during ihe whole of the time that fee aachiaes are at work , whether that be during sixteen , twenty , or twenty-two hours out of the twenty-four . Mr . Grainger mentions one child who stAted that he had often stopped from four o ' clock one morning till two on the next , and that , too , twice or thrice in one week . Riber : Stinson , an opearative ninete 2 D years of ass , deposed that when he was *
thre * 4 er , he hid stopped al . night in the factory tartu or four times a week , and added , naturally enough , " Wten I cams home it was a bit of treat tu me . " Indeed , the threaders in most instances eistn to be mueh neglected by their parents . Tfeere are , of course , some exceptions to this rule ,- and one exception deserves , K » ys Mr . Grainger , to be specially recorded . S ^ nh Pym , herself almost m ^ de blind by embroidering lace , has four ehUdre-i , who were formerly threaders and " winders . " I was assured ( continues Mr . Grainger ) that this poor wocia always sat up , however late , tQl her children returned home . " " Many and many a score of time * ( continues this poor woman ) hvre I gone into the street to look for them . I -wonder how I haTe lived
through it . It is grievous to see the chiliMs dragged vp as they now are ; they are no ' , brought up . A coustairfe of tbe name ef Wilkinson testifies that "be freqaantly sees a number of children , many k » young u eight or ten , HttU fhir , ^ hardly as high a * Ae knee , geing to various lace factories as thw * de » at all time * of the night 'Kith them there are otnri'ir—* i 17 7 <>^ S women of dxteen , seventeen , and fiTfl ^»^" j wfeo «» winders . Baring tbe late inleoje frort be saw feoys and girls come out in the
middle of tbe nfcbt in li « ht clothing , and apparently Buffering from Mm «**• " ^^ * ° loader that they w « re saferiag bom the cold , and suffering severely too ; for there is abondanoe of evidence to prove that the hsat of tha lace factoriea , in which tJie venlilatJon is Tery detoet ire erea in the day ^^ . J ^^ *™ m 64 deSee « to 85 degree , wbeo the ga « i fa Ufbted , and Mr Grainger infama vm that during the winter when he Tiiitad QtesL , the thermometer was often as low as 10 a ™* . m ^ n « b they have much idle time in the & ££ ¦< £ tSfr work ' durirg which they are allowed ,
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: ' they thick ft , to play , it is sgretd oral ! tandstfaat the thW-adexs are subject to nicro hardship and greaitr wint of rest than almost any other persons engaged in luiuufaeturiug Jabonr . Mr . Wm- Hinde states , that hundreds have been sent to their graves by their incessant labour and want of rest * ' They have no regular time for their meals : they have their food sent them , and eat it when they can . " That food is often insufficient , aDd coHimenly consurts of nothing but bread and tea- " Tfceir hour * of sleeping , too , are as irregular ; - » tbeir hours of eating / ' and they are frequently seen lying down in the middle of the shop floor , or under the tables , or on the carriage-boxes , oi on the old ccats of the mtn , attempting to gain in a short and uncomfortable nap a temporary oblivion of their cruel
sufferings . They are also often beaten and illtreated by the men v . ho work the maihines , when they are tired and exhausted by their long hours of labour . Not wiil thia appear surprising to those who are informed that tbe earnings of the mtn are psrUy impendent on the time which is occupied in winding aad threading . But even this is not all that these wretched children have to endure . The process of threading is very injurious to tbe sight , especially where tbe spring top-bobbin is used , for theia the aperture is so small 4 hat it niuBt be threaded like a needle , and the average numbtr of bobbins to be threaded for one machine is about 1800 , which vill occupy two or three threaders for two hours , or two hours acd a half . Mr . Grainger is , however , of opinion ,
: Lit tfciir eyesight is not permanently injured ; ana m this upinioii he is supported by Dr . J . C . Williams , the very ir-ULiemt physickin to the Nottingham Hospital , to wh . Sf valuable memoranda on the diseases cf the rye occurring in the different branches of the Nottingham trade—the result of his observation during fourteen years upon at least 10 , 000 cn&aa—we ebail have occa sion , again and aga n . to call the attention of the medical public . We shall not add a word more upon the degree ia which ibe organization of tbese ) children engaged in threading , upon very inadequate wages , is debilitated , and their liability to disease increased alung with tbeir inability to resist it , until we have passed under review the scarcely less miserable condition of tbe young girU , who are compelled to gain by winding a scanty and precarious subsistence .
The winding is almost invariably performed by girls &nd young women , who begin , aa we have already stated , about the age of twelTe or fourteen . It is a laborious employment , if the bobbins are turned by hsaii ; but it is much easier where steam power is emp } oyed . The winders are very liable to nightwork , but rut quite in the tame degree , stvy g jlr . Grainrer . as the threaders , because the winding is necessarily done before the threading- The commissioners , however , declare it to be proved , that " in winding for lace machines the children bid no regular and certain time wh-tever for sleep or recreation , being liable to be called upon at any period during sixteen , twenty , or
twenty-two hours out of twenty-f . or , while they have frLQOcnUy to ^ o frvm one pm . ee to another , often at coiiiiocrable distances , at all houiB of the night and at til sw-ions . ' YaTicng diseases are tbus engendtred . Dr . TViili ' . niB iia ' orniB us , th&i wir , du » g , especially brass bxbtrns , often strains the tyts , and that auiaurosis , tsturact , coiijanctival inflammation , and icflsmmation cf the comea are produced by it . But these are by i : o means the worst evils wLicb . iie in wait for these unfortunate young women . They are einployed In the same factories with the workmen , ai . d in a great m jonty of the factories no precautions are taken to keep the sexea apart This naturally ltads to great immorality .
"In the town of Nottingham , " says Mr . Grainirer , " all parties , cierjy , polica , niac-ufacturers , workpeople , actlpartnta , 2 grte that the preseii ; mode of employing children and you ; g persons as threaders and winders is a most fettile source of in : m > rality . There can , in fact , be but few states more inuuediaUly leading to vice and pnfiisacy . Children of both sexes are called out of tfceir parents' honsea at all hours of the i : ight , and , as it is q . ite unceitain how long they maybe required , whether foT two hours or the wbola night , a ready and uSEnswerabie excuse for staying out is furnished . The tar-at : . rs , who are usually boys , and the winders , who zrt generally girls , are required at the same time , and thus they hare eTery facility for forming improper connex i ons . The catural results cf such B noxious systt-m are but too apparent , and mus . have contributed in no
slight degree to the immorality wbich , according to the opinion universally rxpressei , prevails to a most a ^ ful exteot in ? fottirj ? ham . In addition to the immediate evils to the childrin themselves , the domestic peace and coitifjrt cf the fsnuliesof which they are members are sacriSc-d to this most unnatural etate of things . " Tu tLe saiLe effl < ct is the evidence of Mr . Bsrnett , the clerk to the Nottingham Union . " The extent of eirly sexual intercourse is dreadful . A principal cause of this demoralization is the facility of boys and girls minsHng tot other in the streets at night , and the almost totaj absence of parental control . " Another witness , a female , declares , that " u t mother tbe thicks that it is very wroDg to employ boys and girls in th c r' ^ ' nt , and that it ought to be prevented . She has ofun h'd tiie heart ache , wbtn her eon was gone out at Eight , and she did nci know vrhen he would return . .
. . The evils &f night work roust lead to ijrtat immoia : ity on the part of these so employed . Many of the siii * at an eirly age become prurn&nt , an : " ! some of txriu utrempt tj produce miscirtiage , a- d in ; his way Vir conttitut on is soon minea . " > lr . W . Enfield , jar . jor , -R-bo is iha son of the Town Cierk of Nottingfcran is so fuiiy convinced of the dreadful conseq'jenoes arising from this system , that fee declares the yovr . g should not be sKowed to work at ni ht ft all . Tu the health as well as morals of the yuung nirhtwork is particularly injurious , for they neither gtt iletp nor mtals at proper houro , and are tx po ^ ed to greater temptations to vice . " One of the medical witnesses examined by Mr . Graingar averred that tbe irnmorviitT thu 3 eneendered was av , ful . M »
T . H . > -citL , the Lntelligent and indefatigable vice , chain ..-u of the Nottingham Board of Guardians , gave the folio wing striking evidence aa to the moral and physical ruin , degradation , and death which this night work is constantly producing : " 1 ha ^ e known maaj p-r ^ cts come o ut of the country merely to live on the la War of tteii young children . In one case , a short time jyo , a widow came with three children , of twelve , fourteen , ar . d sixteen years of ai ;* , out of Derbyshire These cb . il-. iTen were aeut into a factory , the mother being or . ly employed in preparing their meals , and getting ' . htm up eatly in tb * s morning . They did not come home to their meals : they were taken in the
factory . AH these children died in eigfittsen months . I think this resulted from their employment Almost all the families employed in the manufactures of Nottingham are , with few exceptions , supported more or le&g by the labour of tbeir children . Among other evils oi tLis system is that of reT-. rsiBj ; the » rUer of nature ; children become , at an early age . independent of tbeir parents ; in mar . y cases the latter are even obliged to act as menials to their children . Another class of evils is , that worthless fathers are enabled to spend their time in low pothouses out of the earnings of their children . Th 8 Tice and immorality springing from such a syBtem are too obvious to rtquire illustration . "
But the heart gets sick in recording these abominations ; and yet we have a long and a worse list of thtm before ub . We abstain , at present , from all comment upon them , as we have ytt to describe the lamentable sufferings and tbe abject , squalid , and almost intoiera ' ola poverty and destitution of anotbtr class of young females —the iact-rnmiers and the lace-mtiid ^ rs .
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^^^^ ^^^^ - ^ ^^ » -T ^^^—VBVVW * * ¦¦ l *!* f ^ & REPORT RELATIVE TO THE SYSTEM OF PRISON DISCIPLINE . COPT OF A CIBCCLAE LETTER TO CHAIRMiS OF CiVARTER SESSIONS , ACCOMPAJiYl . NG COPY OF PRJSO . N BrL £ S . Whitehall , Jannary 27 . Sir ., —1 have the honour to inform you that I hava had under ir . y consideration the system of prison discipline , ana the state , accommodation , and arrangement of the several prisons in England and Wales , so far as 1 can juJ ? e of them frjm the tenor of the rules now in force , and from ihe reports of the prison inspectors . I have thought it advisble , before I came to any con- i elusion on a matter of such grave importance , to avail ; myself of tbe loca ] knowledge and of the general experience of the inspectors ef the different prisons of Eaglajid and Wales , with the view of ascertaining what alterations and amendments of these rules may be necessary to effect and to secure the great objects of prison discipline , which are , tbe prevention of crime , and , as far ^ s human means can avail , the reformation of criminals .
I have directed that a code of prisen rules should be formei , bised upon the recommendations of the inspectors . I cave carefully considered and revised that code ; ^ ni I now forward it to yon , with a request that you will call the attention of the magistracy of your county to it at the approaching quarter sessions . I am convinced that it is highly desirable that immediate measures should be taken to introduce consistency and the utmoBt practicable uniformity into the regulations of the c ffjrent prisons . Where the crime is the yime the punishment ini ' . cted , under the operation of the same law , ought not to vary either in its nature or degree .
It may be said with truth that differetce of construction , and in some instances that local peculiarities , or other special circumstances , in the several prisons , render starlet unifo-. mity of discipline impracticable ; but I am convinced that the accompanying regulations , framed as they have been with the greatest care , are necessary to carry into effect the intentions of the legislature , and that they are applicable to every prison throughout the country , whatever may be its aiza , construction , or situation . I desire to call the ¦ pedal attention of the magistracy to those rules which relate to the diet of prisoners . On
tie proper adjustment of this particular their health mainly depends ; and I am convinced that the adoption of the proposed walea will prevent the reonr « nce of those complalntB which have frequently been preferred , and in some instance * justly preferred , against tbe prison authoriUss . It is by no means intended that the precise articles of toed specified in the dietaries should be strictly adhered to in the table wbich you may adopt ; other kinds of foed , containing an equivalent amount of nutriment , may , with advantage , be substituted , when those articles which have been named are either difficult to be obtained in your neighbourhood , or are considered not suited to the customs and habits of tbe
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prisoners ; but that quantity of food must , in all cases , be giTen which is sufficient , though not more than sufficient , to maintain bealth and strength at a moderate cost ; and , while due care should be exercised to preveat any approach to luxurious living in a prison , the diet ought on no accsuat to be made an instrument of punishment . I have consulted , not only ihe prison inspectors , but medical men of the greatest eminence , possessing the advantage of long experience ; I bave carefully revised the dietaries now in ubo , and I have come to the conclusion , — 1 . That animal food should in all cases form part of the diet of prisoners employed at hard labour . 2 . That a considerable portion of the food of every prisoner should be solid ; and , 3 . That there should be variety In the kinds of food forming the diet , and that occasional changes are necessary .
The dietaries which I now offer for year adoption are framed on these principles , and are upheld by medical science , and by the recommendation of persons on whose authority and knowledge reliance m-. iy be placed , but they have been framed without reference to the local situation of particular prisons , or to any peculiar prisons , or to ai y peculiar circumstances which may render an increase necessary ; they are , therefore , proposed by me as the minimum amount which can safely be afforded to prisoners without the risk of inflicting a punishment not contemplated by the law , and which it is unjuBt and cruel to inflict ; namely , loss of health anil strength through the inadequacy of the food supplied .
I do not feol that it will be necessary for me to enter into any explanation generally of the several rules which I propose for the adoption of the magistrates ; but I wish britfly to call their attention to some points connected with the improvement of prison discipline , which nearly affect the health and moral improvement of the prihouers , whieb cannot be made the sub jeefc ef any prison rule , but which are , nevertheless , of urgent impoTtince . 1 allude to the defective ventilation which exists in many prisons , and to the slothful habits which are necessarily engendered among the prisoners by the want of artificial light , and by tbe consequent lateness of the hour to which , during the winter months , their daily discipline or occupation is dtferred .
1 consider it also highly dean able , that in all cases every window of a prison and of each cell fcbould be gl » Zcd . The exposure of tlie prisoners during inclement seasons to the open air is and must be attended with serious results to their health ; and it is impossible thnt with ucglazed windows , tbe uniformity of teoiptiraturo can be maintained , which is one of the surest safeguards against those diseases by which the inmates of a prison are most liable to be attacked , and which to persons in their situation are of a must dangerous character . Medical experience has shown that extremes of beat ar . d of cold , and of defective circulation and supply of pure air , are productive of the most pnjudical effects up . jn the bealth of prisoners ; and that thb temperature of a prison onght to range from about 54 deg . to 60 dug . of F . ihreiihcit .
I s ; ro gly ncommeiid , therefore , to the magistrates , that they should take into their immuUuto consideration both the ventilation find lighting of the prisons under their controul , with the view of introducing « uch improvements as may be practicable under the peculiar circu-nstances of each prison ; the advice and Resistance of Major Jebb , a ttovernnuut < fficer will bo in all cases available , free of expense , to aid them in effecting these improvement * . My attention has been callod to tbe inadequate nature of thf arrangvnient 8 which are genera . ly in force , for the purpose of providing prisoner j , both adult and juvenile , with nlitrious and moral instruction ; and I am of opinion that in every prison , however small , a person rea'iy qualified should be engaged to give elementary instruction to each prisoner for a portion of every doy ; and that in the larger prisons one schoolmaster and one scboolmiatress should be appointed , and more than one where a greater number may be rtqu ' mita
I think it highly desirable that every prison should be furnished with a certain number of books of various ku : cs , calculated to improve tbe moral and religious fc / iiu ^ fl of the prisoners ; and that the books edou M be selected by the visiting magmtraUs , with tiie advice of the chaplaiP . I am convinced that , for the due discharge of his impor ; aut duties , a room within the waiis of the prison should in all cases be appropriated to the use of the chaplain . As regards the appointment of the subordinate officers of a prison , the visiting justices are mure peculiarly responsible for the discipline , order , and state of the prison under their superintendence ; their constant attendance at tbe prison gives them an intimate know , ledga of all that is required of any particular officer ; 1 am therefore of opinion that it is highly desirable that their recommendation should be taken before any subordinate office ; of a prison is appointed by tbe magistrates in quarter-sessions .
1 also recommend that a plain uniform should be issued to tbe subordinate efficers << f prisons . Tho responsibility of these cfficerB will be thereby icarta ^ ed ; they will be marked us persons iu authority , &nd they will be more certaii . ly detected in any breach of tbe discipline of tbe prison , or in any violation of the tiuties which are imposed upon them . I have forberaeto cxerciru tbe power which is vested in me , aa Secretary of S : ate , of introducing Into tha prison rnlea now in force the alterations and amendments which seem tt > liie desirable . I have thought it better , in the first instance , to call the attention of the magistrates assembled in Quarter Sessions to
those alterations which I consider most necessary ; confidently anticipate' the adoption of tbe recommendations which I have offered to tbein , for I know that they are actuated by the sincere desire faithfully to diecharge tbeir important duties ; and no trust involves greater public interests then tbe management of the gaols , where , for the sake of example , tbe punishment should be severe , l-ut wtll regulated , ard where , for the sake of the prisoner , the utmost care should bo taken that at the expiration of his confinement he may leave the gaol with his health and strength unimpaired , and with an improved disposition to earn by industry an honest livelihood .
A wise economy prescribes attentions to these considerations—they canuot be neglected without entailing a permanent increase of charge od the county-rate ; but higher and more important objects are id view : the prevention of crime , the reformation of offenders , the peace of society , the vlndicif on of th « i authority of the law ; and I rely with confidence on the cordial cooperation of the magistracy In my endeavour to promote tbe attainment of objects such as these . I have the houour to be . , Tour obedient servant , J . R G . GRAHAM . The Chairman of the Quarter Sessions of the county of
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HOUSE OF LORDS—FiUDAY , April 28 . Lord WuaRNCLIffe laid on tbe table of the Housb a copy of the convention between France and this country , relative to the PoBt-office comuiuaicatioaa between the t wo countries . Lord Campbell moved the second reading of his bill t . t facilitating tbe conveyance of real property , by abbreviating ^ b « legal phraseology and processes . Hu proposed the adaption of a parliamentary form of conveyance , which might be contained in tke compass of a bank-note , and that solicitors should be paid according to the value of tbeir services , and not according to length of documents .
The Lord Chancellor stated several objections to the bill , wbich he ct" si dared would only br applicable in cases where it would be of ttule vise . He objected to a parliamentary form of conveyance , the smallest mistake in which wculd vitiate the traneaction . He , therefore , proposed that the bill should be rejected , by the common form of bi-ing read that day six months . Lords Langdale and Cottenham also expressed their objections to the bill , which was rejected , after some discussion , without a division .
Honda v , May 1 . Lord WhaRNCLiefe moved the second reading of the Registration of Voters Bill . Lord Brocgham admitted the improvements wbich would be effected by it ; but contended that the principle of annual registration was accompanied with all the evils , without the benefits , of annual ejection , a point upon which he commented at some length . Lord Den man acknowledged the great value of fcbe bill , as an improvement of the law ; but commented on the clauses directed against personation , which be considered to be objectionable in their provisions , and calculated to interfere with the freedom of election .
The Lord Chancellor recommended that the discussion of the details of the bill should be deferred until it was in committee . The bill was then read a second time .
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HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Friday , April 28 . It was intimated by Lord Stanley and the Lord Mayor , that some of tbe noblemen and gentlemen connected with the association for emigration to Prince Edward ' s Ialaud , bad subscribed sums for the relief of the disappointed emigrants , and it was hoped that others would do so likewise . Lord Eliot , in reply to Mr . Lefroy , said that Ministers were not indifferent to , nor unwatchful of , the agitation in Ireland for the Repeal of the Union , whioh could cot be carried on without danger to the public peace . The debate on the second reading of the Ecclesiastical Courts Bill , adjourned over from before the Easter recess , was resumed , and ,
Bir Gborgb Grey expressed his determination to vote for the second reading , seeing that the main object of the bill wan to carry into effect some of the i ecommendations of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and t # improve the condition of that department of the law . But he should do so , in the hope that bis proposition w « uld be adopted , of referring the bill to a aelect committee , in order that its technicalities
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might be carefully considered , and its objectionable matter removed . The Ecclesiastical Commissioners had pointed out the evils arising from the divided testamentary jurisdiction in the matter of real and personal tfstite , and the awkwardness , inconvenience , and expense of a man having to go into two separate courts in . order t » prove the validity of one and the same instrument . On this point it was highly important that a definite understanding should be come to , in order that the law should hereafter be simplified . Another objection was the exclusive monopoly of Doctors' Commons ; Dr . Lushington , who bad heen one of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners , having recorded his opinion in favour of the expediency of throwing open the courts to common law practitioners . But these and other objections would be more fitly considered hereafter , it hia proposition of a select committee wore adopted .
The Attorney-General remarked on the long continuance of complaint on the subject of the defects and inconvenience of the Ecclesiastical Courts , These complaints were illustrated by the number , not merely of active but of dormant jurisdictions , aa in the case of peculiars , by which a jurisdiction in abeyance , might be revived to defeat the adjudication of a disputed case . He entered at considsrable length into details in defence ot tbe Bill , pointing out the number and conflicting decisions of the hi any Provincial Courts , and tbe importance of concentrating them ; and contended that the Bill exhibited a great improvement on the recommendations of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners . by creating a Central and Supreme Court . Amongst other reasons in favour of the measure , was tbe importance of maintaining a body of learned civilians versant in international law .
Lord Robert Grosvenor expressed himself as a strenuous friend of legal reform , but stated his objections to tbe Bill , such as the perpetuation of the monopoly of the practitioneTB in Doctors' Commoua , aud other defects , which would defeat the good intended by it . . Sir James Graham ami tbe attorney-General interposed some explanations , and then Wr . Fitzroy pointed out tbe hardships which would inevitably be inflicted by the centralisation of tbe registry of wills . Mr . Newdigate , Sir George Strickland , and Mr . COLLETT ( Lincoln ) , followed with similar objections to centralisation , the latter Gentleman expressing his regret that the Government had not made this an opeu question , and thus have spared him the awkwardness ot opposing them .
Dr . Ei-phinstone commented on the number of provincial courts , amounting to 372 , almost all of them conflicting in their decisions , yet tbe entire number having to deal with the administration of personal property to an extent of at least forty-two millions annually . Bnt by fixing the minimum of litigious jurisdiction at £ 300 , the present Bill made goed law fur th& rica and bad law for tha poor ; nor could ho see the obj'jctiou to giving tbe same court jurisdiction in realty aa well ns ptrsonalty . He B ( 2 duc « l fionie other objections to the Bill , which he recommended should be divided into three parts , and attentively considered aid amended in committee . Otherwise he supported the Bill .
Mr ESCOTT avowed hia regret and reluctance to oppose the Bill . But his determination bad boen strengthened by the objections which be had beard urged against it ; and one main objection which he bad against it was , that it was a measure of inadequate reform , and , therefore , would prove unsatisfactory and insufficient . Sir James Graham bud said that he would bluab fur shame if personal interests ltd the House to reject the Bill ; but if be blushed , it must be for tha inefficiency of his own arguments . The House did not sit to register tbe report * of commissions , even though Bigued by the names of hi ^ h dignitaries ; and he objected to the total abolition of the testamentary contentious jurisdiction of the dioces-an courts , to the deatmetioii of the business of provincial practitioners , and to the increase of expei . ee by its transfer to London .
Mr . Granville Vernon adduced his official experience in favoar of tbe bill , and against the existing stato of the law . Aa Chancellor of tho Province , and Jud « e of the Prerogative o ' ourt of York , ha was cognizant of the conflicting character of the decisions of the inferior courts , and stated some of the many practical abuses which called for remedy , and wtmld meet with it under tiie present measure , which be hoped wuukl be rendered condueivu to public advautnije . Mr . T . Duncomue , after some arousing comments on Mr . Vurnon ' s gpabch , declared his opinion to be iu favour of an entire abolition of all Ecclesiastical Courts , and the transference of their poweis to the Civil Courts . He therefore objected to tbe bill , though on grounds very diff « cent from those which had ruo 7 ed Sir R . H .
Inglis against it . He agreed with Colonel Sibthorp in thinking it " a Doctors' Commons' job , " though such epithet would not have come from bis side of tho house . The Ecclesiastical CourtB were described by aome petitioners as a disgrace to a free people , some nmuaing instances of which he produced , as the case of the owners of a public-house , which encroached on the Churchyard , and subjected th- m to an expansive suit for " brawlitiR , " and also au unrepa . ied statute which subjtots an cfftiuder for " hiuitin ^ , " to have his ear cut off , and if he had no ears , to be branded on the forehead with tha letter F . But the Ecclesiastical Courts Bill bad been useful in culling public attention to the nuisance , and , along witb the Factories Bill , bad roused a sletfpinc lion .
Sir Kobeut Peel trusted that the House would not be led by tho opinions of men whose opinions were so discordant , to resist a great improvement of the lawan improvement embodying what bad been proposed by Lnrrl si-owell , so far back as 1812 , when he represented ttxo University of Oxford . More especially was he surprised that Mr . T . Duncom ' ie should object to a bill which , for the first time , proposed to relieve him from bis apprehension of having an ear cut off or being branded On the forehead . The Government Lad been threatened with the peril which thuy encountered in carrying forward this bill . But they hn . l beta quite aware tbat in carrying forward such a reform tfa ^ y roused up against them private interests , which , howuver , he hoped would not influence tha House : these
who complained that the Bill did not go far enough , should pass it into committee , and endeavour to extend its provisions . The highest authorities , ecclesiastical and judical , had recommended the reforms now undertaken by the Government ; and if the House now rejected the Bill , let it cease to taunt Ministers with r « luctar . c « to introduce- measures of improvement . When tbe amelioration of tha criminal law , and tbe improvement of the civil law , had been undertaken , as measu : e 8 of progressive reform , it had been urged tbat the ecclesiastical law should not escape ; it bad hitherto escupud . but , wbatevbr might be the fate oi the present proposition . Lie declared , "So help him God , " that no corrupt motive had influenced the Government .
Mr . Laboucuere having presided over inquiries which recommended these reforms , supported the bill as condemnatory of tbe exiting system , and in tbe hope of leading to farther modification * of the present measure . Mr . Hume was also prepared to suppt » Tt tho bill , though he agreed tbat it did not go far enough . Captain Gladstone conld not vote against tbt ? st cond rai ' -liug , though objecting to tomo of ite provuious . Sir H . W . Barron cordially supported the bill . It remedied groas abuses in England , of which thacouuUrparts existed in Ireland . Mr . KoEuuciv , admitting the evils requiring to be pullert riown , would vote for tbe second readiug , but ot j-ctcd to the constructive portion of tbe bill . On a division , the neconil reading was carried by 186 to 104 .
MONDAY , May l . Lord Stanley announced that ou Monday week he will niovo a re ^ o ' . u'ion with the view of introdu : ing the Canadian C'jrn Bill . Sir James Gbaham moved that the House should go i :. to committee- pro forma on the Factories Bill . On the motion thac the Speaker abauld leave the chair for the commitment of this bill , Sir James Graham rose to state the alterations which Government proposed to introduce into it . After adverting to the excitement vrUich it bad produced in tbe country , he inferred to the objection made against it on account of its sudden and simultaneous operation , which objection he answered by references to the checks provided in its 61 tb and 65 th sections . He next
proceeded to the objections of the Wesleyan body , which be considered as having been stated in the fairest niauuer , and as being entilted to the highest consideration horn tbe praiseworthy efforts made by that body for the advancement of education . Hu accordingly specified tbe alterations which hu intended to propose in regard to those objections . The first wuuld be tae allowance ef a liberty to the parents in the selection of Sunday Schools . Another would relate to th < 3 hours of attendance at the Statute School , for the purpose of instruction in the Catechism and Liturgy of tbe Church , which hours he proposed to ar . ange for the convenience of those who might desire to have their children exempted from that attendance . Tbe parent would also be relieved from the perhaps
invidious obligation which tbe bill in its present shape imposed , upon him , of declaring that be had a ground of religious objection ; and besides the Sunday , a time would be allowed ou each week-day for the attendance of the chilltlren not belonging to tke Church upon the Instruction of the licensed minister or other authoriz A teacher whom their parents might wish them to attend . A provision would likewise be made for tbe Roman Catholics , who object to the reading of the Scriptures in their entire form . With respect to the trustees , he would propose that instead of leaving the second churchwarden to be nominated by tbe clerical trustee , the bill should give a right of election to those person
who should have beeii donor * or subscribers of a certain amount to the sohooL The remaining four trustees he proposed t > oonatitnte through the election of ratepayers assessed ai £ 10 ; bat in order to prevent the minority from being unrepresented , he would propose that no ratepayer should be allowed to vote for more than two of these four trustees . The appointment of the head-master of tbe school he weuld leave with the Bishop , but all tbe assistants should be appointed by the trustees . He would give to any one trustee a power of appealing to tbe Committee of Privy Council against tae&cta of bis colleagues ; and be would suggest some enlargements in the powers of the Privy Council . The alterations wbich be had thus propounded
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Were in atriob consistence witb the principle of the bill as he had origtually opened it , aa Well as with tbe respect whioh was due to tbe conscientious feeling of the Dissenters . If this important measure , brought forward by Government , and treated with singular forbearance by their opponents , should , with all these advantages , foil to obtain the public approval , he fsared that the chance ef concord and conciliation would be gone by , and that a spirit of antagonism and bitterness would long prevail throughout this country . He deprecated such a controversy , and referred to tbe great Christian test , " that ye love one another ;• ' but be feared that the scorner might in tbeso days point to some professing Christians , and say , " See how theoe men hate one another ! " This bilKwas the olive-br inch which ho had to tender , and be trusted that tbe waters « f strife would how be touad subsiding .
Lorrt John Russell concurred in the hope that this Bill would be discussed witb calmness . Meanwhile he begged it might be remembered tbat when general education was first attempted in tbe country through tbe agency of Mr . Lancaster , the Protestant Dissenters wore tbe foremost to aid it , both witb tbeir exertions and with tbeir contributions . And yet he understood that one section of the church was at this day treating those Dissenters with suspicion and obloquy ; and under that sort of reproach it could not be matter of surprise if the education clauses in this Bill were received witb some alarm . He considered the alterations now proposed as being a more efficacious fulfilment of the original design
of tbo Government , rather than as auy departure from that design ; but for the present be must observe upon them , that the necessity of having tbe schoolmaster a member of the Church , would , as to all the masters amount to a test and a disqualification ; and that the principle of election just annouuetd would still leave the Dissenting trustees in a minority at tbe Board , even though , as was the case in some of the manufacturing districts , their constituents might be a large majority of the rata-payera . He would , however , consider this Bill witb a hope of effejtualiy accomplishing its objects , which were matter of much more importance to tbe poor of this country than to any political party .
8 ir R . H . Inglis abstained from pronouncing any opinion at the present stige of the proceedings . Dr . Bowrjng declared his determination to oppose the Bill , wbich bad been originally framed to conciliate those who , like Sir . R . Inglid , were bent on Church-of-Englanrtising the community . Mr . Ewakt said the Bill proposed a scheme of education far too complicated to be earned into successful operation . It would have bees wiser if the Government bad merely increased the annual education vote , and bad not meddled with the tbeoligical portion of the system which they now proposed . Mr . Gall ? Knight considered tbat tbe Bill , as now modified , was in accordance witb tbe opinions expressed in the petitions which had been presented . Perfect religious equality could not prevail in a country witb an Established Church ,
Mr . Hawes admitted tbat grer . t concessions had been made by the proposed alterations , but considered that the value of the Government scheme of education was a matter to btj reserved for after consideration . Mr . iiiLNER GmsoN thought it vtiy unfortunate that Parliament should meddle with religious instruction at all . Their buBinnss was to take caru of secular education , and leave religious to the pastors of the different denominations to wbich the children iu the schools might belong . After a few observations from several members , Sir James Graham said it was bis intention to adhere to the clauses of tbe Bill , which limited the employment of children under thirteen years of age , tu six hours and a half .
Aftfr some observ&tlonB from Mr . P . Scrope and Lord Dungankon , tbo latter of whom praiaed-tae Government for their proposed scheme , and also Sir JatneB Graham for the liberality of his sentiments , the Bill w-ss ordered to be committed on ttie 22 d ioat . The House then proceeded to the other orders of tbe day , the first of which was the Irish Municipal Corporations Bill , on which the Irish Attorney-G nsrai , 31 r . T . B . C . Smith , made what may be termed a maiden spitch , consisting of details iu defence of the Bill . After somo discussion , it w&a read a stcon 1 time . On the proposition for going into a Committee of Supply , on some items remaining over for further discu » 8 ion .
Mr . T . DUNCOMBE called attention to the great increase in the law expenses of the Government . The expenses of the recent special commissions , upwards of £ 17 . , had not bsen fully explained . He considered that it ought to be referred to a select committee , in order to inquire and report . Sir G . Clerk gave some explanation oi the subject , but Mr . Francis Barins pointed out soms discrepancies requiring explanation , which brought up Sir Gtorgu Clerk again , and the matter was allowed tu pass .
Some ether business of a routine nature followed , and tiien Mr . Murpht obtained leave to bring in a biii to nmeurt un act pissed in the last session of Parliament , intituteit " An Act to enable Grand Juries at the ensuing Summer and Spring Assizes te make certain presentments In counties of cities and towns in Ireland , and to remove doubts as to the jurisdiction of ju-iticea of the peace in places recently annexed to counties at large in Ireland . " Mr . Escott called the attention of the Secretary of State for tlie Home Department to the fees demanded from defendants in misdemeanours at the ass-izes ; and moved for returns of all fees taken or demanded from defendants by clerks of assize and clerks of the peace in the several counties of England and Wales , at the last t » o a « siz 9 s and the four last sessions of tfia pence , as ¦ wril a 3 at any special comniissioiis held within the last or pre ^ ont year . He mentioned some instances of abuse arising out of the practice to which he sailed attention .
Sir James Graham expressed bis surprise at th-j statements made by Mr . Escott . The returns were ordered after a brief discussion .
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saw a light as if it was burning ; I put - ^ clothes on , and ran to the spot , which Is about ri ' yard from my cottage , and in the adjoining Bari v Eisey . I found the camp was down , and In & saw Isaac and Martba Litten . The latter waa rn ' i ' about crying for assistance . Isaac was stooping d ° ^ apparently looking for something . I asked him wl *" tbe poor dear children were . He pointed to the and said—there . I then begged him to move the * W l ' away , that I might see where they were , l J ^ f 1 them out , they were much burnt , and quite rt 5 About two o ' clock Mr . Piunlger and John Ball and assisted me to remove the bodies into an sutho " Mr . Parker , surgeon , Crickdale , said he had '" *' mined the children , and found the elaest child JS *' girl about ten or eleven years old ; she was verv * ttllCll
hurnfc . and in examining the hp .-u } hnru ^ . t .. j * burnt , aod in examining the head , he perceived a « T fracture of the skull on the left side , wbich mnst h ^ beau produced by a terrible blow , as & part of the » k was destroyed , which injury was sufficient to « death . On Wednesday , the 26 th instant , I J 7 * farther examiuatlon of the body of the elder child ' * found the membrauce covering the braia scorched ^ burnt , from being exposed , by the loss of thatk f ttiereforb I am of opinion that the blow was recai before the body was removed from the flre , The ott ^ children were much burnt ; but I cannot say that «? blow on tbe skull of the eldest waj received » v living . Wlu l 9
Mr . . assistant of Mr . Taylor , very ably corroK . rated Mr . Parker ' s statement in all its material poin ^ and two otlier witnesses supported a portion of Rich . *} Wheeler ' s assertions , but neither ot them ooulj !/ that the father made or had appeared to have msde ^ effort to save the children . After a very protiuuil deliberation , the Jury returned a verdict , " That lB ^ Litt&n wilfully set his tent , or camp on fire , thJtK causing the death of his three children . " ' * The verdict was received with great satisfac tion fc surrounding inhabitants , many of whom were waiting to bear the decision . ^ Much dissatirfaccion was expressed at the conduct of the polieeraen who were in attendance , and a letfo of complaint was addressed to the chief constable m tho subject . a
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From the London Gazette of Friday , April 28 . BANKRUPTS . Edmund Collings , Southampton , perfumer , to gnnen . der May 10 . at twelve , June 9 , at half-past twelT « , st the Court Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Mr . Neal , Tokenhouse-yard ; official assignee , Mr . Ahager , Birehin . lane . John Reynolds , Londen-road , Surrey , draper , M » y 5 , at half-past ten , June 9 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Messrs . Sole and Sole , Aldermanbury ; official assignee , Mr . Wnitaiore , Bajinghallstreet . William Gofton , Gilbert-street , Oxford-street , and Farririgdon-street , pawnbroker , May 5 , Jane 9 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; Bolicitorj , Messrs . Harrison and D > bree , Hart-street , Bioomsbury ; cffiaal assignee , Mr . Pennell .
William Dutton Townsend , Little Kosaell , street , Covent-gnrden , pawnbroker , May 9 , at half-past one , Jane 8 , At eleveii , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Mr . A'prey , Furnival ' s-inn ; official asaigneo , Mi . Graham , Basinghall-atreet . Benjamin Crussell , Croydon , Surrey , glass-dealer , May 8 , at eleven , June 9 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Messrs . Russell and Co , S mthwark ; official assignee , Mr . Green , Aldermanbury . G » orge Hammond , sen ., Havant , Hampshire , canmor .-brewer , May 8 , atone , June 9 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Messrs . Staniland and L'jng , Bouverie-street ; official assignee , Mr . Green , Aldermanbury .
Nathaniel Bromley , Little Bentley , E « ex . maltster , May 16 , at half-past one , Juno 10 , at fcai / -past twelre , at tbe Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , ilr . Mawa , Bridge-street , Blackfriara ; official assignee , Mr . Edwards , Frederick ' s-place , Old Jewry . Henry Pearson , York , attorney-atlaw , M&y 10 , st eleven , at the District Coutt , Leeds ; solicitor ! , Mr . Brooks , Featherstone-buildinga ; Mr . Hodgson , Toik ; and Mr . Bond , Leeds ; official assignee , Mr . Young , Leeds * Nicholas Tuite , Liverpool , wholesale ponlfcerer , M . iy 13 , at twelve , June 12 , at eleven , at tbeDirtrict C mrt , Liverpool ; solicitors , Messrs . Cuvelle and Co ., Southampton-buildings ; and Mr . Thompson , Liverpool ; uffleial assignee , Mr . Turner , Liverpool .
William Carter , Burford , Shropshire , cattle salesman , May 8 , June 8 . at half-past tvrelve , at tbe Birmingham District Court ; solicitors , Messrs . Price and Edwardj , Tenbury , Worcestershire ; and Mr . Cullis , Birmingham ; official assignee , Mr . Whitraore . Birmingham . John Fletcher , Evesbam , Worcestershire , plnober , May 10 , June 2 , at one , at tbe Birmingham District Court ; solicitors , Messrs . Colmore and Beale , Birmingham ; official assignee , Mr Valpy , Birmingham . Jesse Prime , Kaele , Staffordshire , maltster , May 10 , June 16 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , B » - uiinghfim ; solicitor , Mr . Jones , Newcastle-under-Ljme , official assignee , Mr . Valpy , Birmingham . William Moses , Ripon , Yorkshire , innkeeper , May 9 , at one , May 23 , at twelve , at the Leeds District Court ; solicitor , Mr . Blackburn , Leeds ; official assignee , Mr . Fearne , Leeds ,
William Hussey , Nether Knutsford , Cheshire , baker , May 16 , at half-past twelve , June 2 , at twelve , at tha Manchester District Court ; solicitors , Mr . Cale , Add-}> hi-terrace , Strand ; and Messrs . Roscoo , KnntsfWfl ; official assignee , Mr . Stanway , Manchester . Michael Jackson , St Andrew Auckland , Durham , millar . May 22 , June 16 , at elaven , at the Newoaatleupon Tyne Bankrupts Court ; solicitors , Mr . Griffith , Raymonds-buildings ; and Mr . Trotter , Bishop Auckland ; official assignee , Mr . Baker , Newcastie-upon-Tyne . John Whitehouse Showell , Birmingham , bookseller , May 6 , at eleven , June 1 # , at balf-pist eleven , at the Birmingham District Court ; solicitor , Mr . James , Birmingham ; official assignee , Mr . Bittltston , Birmingham .
partnerships diss . F . Burnhani and B . Bolton , Kiastonupon-Hell , builders . J . Greenwood and R . Wilson , Hil . f ^ x . toners . Thomas Riwson and Co ., Shtffi ? ld , or elsewhere , common brewers , as far aa regards H ., T ., and »• Eyrv . J . and T . Galloway , Manchester , p . iper-siainers . Haniilcon , Jackson , and C-., Liverpool , merchants .
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From the Gazette of Tuesday , April 2 . BANKRUPTS . Adam Holloway , draper , Basingstoke , Hampshire , to surrender , May 9 , at one , and June 9 , at eleven , at tne Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Suiitb , Golden-square ; offieial assignee . Belcher . Robert Griffiths , coal merchant , Nine-elins , May 9 , « twelve , and June 9 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Wilkinson and Sitchell , Queenstreet , Cheapside ; official assignee , PennelL Charles Banyard , grocer , Kelson-place , Old Kentroad . May 12 , : A two , mid June 14 , at three , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , K ^ mpster , Kenniogtoncross ; efficial assignee , Lsckington , ColeBian-streetbuildinzs .
JohnNichols and Francis William Nichols , carriers , Dorchester , May 10 , and Jane 9 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy ; solicitor , Brookes , Great-James-atrw . B « dford-ro w ; official assignee , G . Gibson , Basingoa" ' street . Jobn Cfow , licensed victualler , North-end , Fulnaffl , May 9 , at three , and June 2 , * t two , at the Court « Bankruptcy ; solicitors , Pollock and Co ., Great Georgestreet , Westminster ; official assignee , Johnson , BmD 6-ball-street . , rf John Allan , brewer , Clapha-m , May 9 , at hair-pan one , and June 2 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , solicitors , Miller and Carr , East-Cheap ; official asm *! " * , JohnsonBasinghall-street
, . _ „ , Charles Miltu Nicholson , corn-dealer , New Corn-B * - change , Mark-lane , May 9 , at half-put two , an * Ju »» 2 . at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy s « ol « a <** ' *•*• dall , Welbeck-street , Cavendish-sguare ; official assignee , Johnson , Buingh&ll-street . . la—fa Wm . Harrington , linen-draper , High-streefc , A / " ^ May 12 , at one , and June 14 , at two , at **«> -Court w Bankruptcy ; solicitors , B . and W . Aldenhaw . Token house-yard ; Craig , Braintree , Essex ; official assignee , Johnson , Bosinghall-street . „ * Samuel Bateman , factor , Birmingham , Majr w , m one , June 21 , at eleven , at the Birmingham Dirtnw Court ; solicitor , Whateley , Birmingham ; official ams
nee , Christie . , , _ Gustavus Wulff , banker , Liverpool , May « •• " * £ 13 , at eleven , at the Liverpool District Court ; « oU « tors , Easterby , Preston ; Arcber , Liverpool ; S 11 WP «» Stade Inn ; official assignee , Foliett , Liverpool .
Tempmal Parliament.
tEmpmal parliament .
13aukrupt0, &C.
13 aukrupt 0 , &c .
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HORRIBLE OCCURRENCE AT EISEY . ( From the Wilts Independent . J A labouring man , named Isaac Litten , belonging to tho parish of Eisey , with his wife and four children , having been ejected from their cottage , Were sheltering on tbe night of Friday , the 21 st instant , in a miserable but which they had constructed of hurdles and j-traw covered with a piece of cotton patchwork , in Golden I Rose-lane , in the above parish , when about half-past ' ten o ' clock , the flre not being properly extinguished , the place ignited . Litten and his wife escaped unhurt , leaving three of tbe children , aged respectively , five , > seven , and ten years , in the flimes , without making any attempt to rescue them . Before any asriatance arrived i
the poor children were burnt to death . On examining the ground where the flre took place some blood was discovered . Tbifl excited suspicion , and on examination of the bodies , the skull of one of them was found to be fractured . Thte added to the Buspicious nature of the •' circumstances , and the father was immediately appreh'prided . About uine months ago a child belonging to ' * he same person was found drowned in a ditch near ' th- same place ; suspicion at that time fell on the pa j rents . ) A very fearful sensation of course prevailed in the [ neighbjurhood , and in expectation of the coroner , a j very large number of highly respectable persons nsssm- j bled on Tuesday . James Crowdy , Esq ., one cf our I magistrates , was present , giving such valuable diree- ' tiona as the horrible and intricate nature of the
transaction rtqmred . The jury wore sworn in a cotfni ? e i adjoining the lane , and after making a very minute ' examination of the bodies , and of the spot where they i were burnt , adjourned to Mr . Pinniger ' s , of Seven Bridges farm , to take evidence . ' The father , Isaac Litt 6 n , after being ca > itioned that any statement be made would bo taken down and used as evidence agaicmt lum , said—1 lived for the last fortnight in tbe lane . 1 went to bed about a quarter past , eight on Friday night—my wife was not laid down . I f came from Wheeler's , where I went to ask him to take ! us in , as the policeman had told us We must move . ! There bad been a fire about a yard aud a half from the ' entrance . It was out when I went to bed , and bad ' been ever since seven' o'clock . I undressed myself and ' got into bed . We burn no candle . I and my wife j slept just inside tbe tent , and the children beyond us . i
About ten I was awoke by the falling of flre . I jumped j up , ran out , and took hold of the covered hurdle to ' pull it off the children . The hurdles fell together , so ' that I could not find them . My wife ran for assistance , and in about five minutes Richard Wheeler came , and iu about ten minutes afterwards we found the children . ' I never heard them cry , nor saw them struggle . The dogjyed indifference with which this statement wasmade , combined with the low , brutal appearance of [ tho man , caused a guueral feeling of horror in the jury-room . j The mother , Martha Litten , said—I anil ruy children '
went to bed about eight . My busbaml was not in . I covered up the flre with th 8 bricks . He came in about nine with a lighted candle . I was lying down with iny j baby on my arm . I saw him on his knees . He did not get into bed . I fell asleep , and was awoke by some ' noise . My husband said " Damn thee , thee be ' at all a fire ; " he wa « then getting off the bed ; he ran out and : I followed as soon ad I could . I did not bear the children scream ; I ran away to call for help witb my baby , and did not see him do anything . Richard Wheeler ' came witb me . When I left the flre was only burning \ on tbat part which covered us ; it was not burning j where tbe children were .
Richard Wheeler—When I came from my work on Friday evening last , Isaac Litten was sitting in my house in Golden Rose-lane about eight o ' clock . He told me the policeman said he must remove from tbe lane , or else they should take him before the magistrate ; he asked me if I could take him in and bis family , so that they might lie down . I told him I could not , as there was only one room in the house . Ue said I might have the hurdles . I said I only wanted Riy own ; I should wish him to bring them . He said that he would not remove a single thing , and that he would set flre to it all first Soon after he went aw ^ y , and took nothing with him from my house . I tben went to bed , and about ten o ' clock , as near as I can tell , I was awakened by the screams of a woman . I jumped out of bed , and unfastened the window , and
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brity as a draughts player , thereby enabled , while going across the country , to exercise his woS derful gift . He is a diffident , u&pretending hi M (} would be the last person in the world io be taken for what he is . His striking simplicity of character affords the more striking contrast to his shrewdness at the board . We believe he is engaged to p ] w { a . short time a grea , t match at Glasgow , for £ 200 wide with Mr . Anderson , of Carluke , who is his only rival in Scotland . —Kelso Chronicle .
and is James Wylie , the Draughts Platee . — . % » ; extraordinary youth , who may be said to be the ? S . poleon of the draughts board , in the c ourse of hk peregrinations alighted in this place last week and was not long in drawing around him all the asoi rants to skill at the game in the burgh . Desoita ! however , all efforts , none could gain a march ukS him ; he was found to be alone and unapproachable WyHe unites the capacity of pedlar with his eels . (
An L \ Qt / EST was held upon the body of a little girl , aged five years , who died from starvation < sa tho road side near Llangefni , North Wales , list week . It appears that her father was unable toprocure employment , and had applied to the relieving officer in the parish , who gave him one shilling , and told him to be off about his business , and not trouble him again . The consequence was tha ; the father had nothing to give his children , on © of whom died for want of proper food .
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6 THE NORTHERN STAR * ¦ — . -I , - ^ ¦ - , , . I I ¦ I" IT -Tl- r I I — ' - - V r ¦ - ¦ ¦ . ¦ i i— ' ¦¦¦ - ¦ - .. —— ¦¦¦ ' ,,., ' ¦—— . — ...... . " i .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 6, 1843, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct932/page/6/
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