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COUnT vh QUEER'S BENCH , Satcedat , Jintx STHE QCEEX V . H'DOEALL AXB OTBEBS . . 2 It EaKLE a 2 d to support the rale for arresting the jafign ^ 1 -a the fourth « cant of tb * s irsdictrnent , and before drawing the sttei-tioii of the Court particularly to the counJitseif , lie-would piaj their Iiordships -could bear in mind vtet this indictment did not charge . There -sreieTsse cosats in ills iEdictment , of which several -sera iranve ^ for fcso-an Peaces of conspiracy , andse-ei-l Is tesv ^ fA of -loro- ^ and tronaltnons asstm-Mies ; bntihis <» n = t -was ne'Siex for conspiracy nor tu ___ DCiis assesblmg- She third" connt was identical irith the fointb , "Sfith the exception that , instead of dsareiEs the mss slalEg and abetting , it charged tie defenaarts did coi ^ p ixe to aid and abet . The fourth « ou _ tt TrasBvi feamfid foT EB 7 cffeixe * hai had a name in jespect of -ahidi any precedent -was to be found . He ueefi stt drew attention to the right the defendsnta ^ a / i to -pCTst Epon tbe prosecutor putting forward a charge cf a * krcr *« i crime to -which the defendants WEre secessorv . The mdictsasBtwas framed upon the principle cf cfcnrgfcg in fee earlier p _ it that some othtr persons as pricc-psl offenders "wae . guCiy of a principal effuses TThticof tbs ficfKifisstB -was accessories before the fsciiy ~ i £ Icc and abetting . Ha -was to submit that , dlvHiEg this i-tGJetmSEt into two parts , there was bo cfferxe charged is tie first branch of the indictment ; and She latter fcrasca of the indictment ; imputing that the defendants -srere accessoiies , was act sufficient to establish thai . Jf ^ sc * . The first part of the indictment chxrg&d no principle cfifence ; it was not 3 charge of coaspinary , e ^ t w ^ 3 there a charge of ^ riotously" as sen-Ming . ! The description given was , " that diverssvfl- _ pesed prr 3 f » n _ tda-ssf ally and ttunnltacnsly
assembled togetlier- " If tt 5 t aid net constitute an isdictafcle t > 2 eac * s he -w _ s _ t a less to know how the introducing s = Tersl Et __ s is the inflict-Best conld ^ orns zn c&nce . Th ^ d&cdsaks cc _ 3 d not be found gnUtr of riotonsJy assembli-g . It was s _ j essential that three or mare should be charged , becanse the essence of the oSknee -was , Enmbrrs shcald be assembled . { Co . litt ., 176 ; 1 Tentris , £ 51 ; S-lkeid . 934 » It was esstntial that the purpose of the assembling vras to distnrb the peace , or that Ha inS-elnieni £ hpo » d have gene on to ths-vr some act , deue in comtccn by tbs parties asaa-Bed , -which in itself would constiitte & riot , or breaking ths peace ; bnt is . wss coiiistent with the preterit indictment that they snieht have Si ^ cmbled for the purpose cf festivity or tfarctioisecring , which trcre !«;_!
assemblies , and the rtere sddinz the word " nnia-wlul" " ¦ wo uld not make the in _ 3 et __ ie _> L good . The first step , therefore did not rbow tbst the assembling was for fee porpose of toeaiing ths peace . The steond step was , that by Tiolenee , threats , and intaniidaticn , dirers ofbei persons , beiEg peaceable snbJECts cf the realm , ¦ were incited to lea-ye thtii occnpatioiis and employzaent 3 , and "thereby isbonr wsa impeded . Was there tobs fosmd in that Statement anything wlach , iiken by it 3 eif , wonld consutnte et- indictable ofence ? The result was nopaii Gf flie oSence . The mere impeding Isbottr was not an indJcteble cfitnee . The nearest offence io flds wonld fcs thatcf sssanlt ; fcnt it woaJd be iSe to say that a parry cc&ld bs jconvicied of as sssault by circumlocution , snch as was to be iosnd in tWs indictment .
2 > Ir . Justice WixiaAMS . —If persons assembled together , em tyaetsof Tiolenceigp ^ oed Itbour , that -srould besii inlictable <^ nce , -vrcnld it not ? 35 r . " = ^ t t ; said his Lordship had introduced acts of ¦ sioleEce ; the count did not charge acts of Tiolence . ! Ebe prosecutors had abslaicea from charging that the dirers persons so zssembled tad dene an act which weuld hsre brotsght them within ths reach of tie cinnral law . Tlie readius of \ hs first branch clearly ^ id not constitute 2 . n indictabls t fence by sajiBg-tfcai they tbereby impeded latonr . ijecEass lisat was merely the result They onght to bare bten charged with an oSencs of a inown name . Those "Kbo mide the ciai ^ c oughi to ha-re tept within the isewa principles of tie ^ Tre-nsi la-sr . The connj was bad on the ground thai it did not ap&esr where these dlrcis persons were assembled . There was a point of a minor description , ¦ which -was tfc = t the divers persons who were the principal offenders were neither named nor stated to be untnoim ; asd ia support of ihis Ergnnieiit th ? Learned CounsEl dtsd the csse of "The Esg T . Caspar , " 2 afoodjfs Criminal Cases , KH , If the party was not known , it sbuald hETe been so stated in the indictment . "Wl £ h xespeit to the accssssries not bsng properry ^ charged , it wss said they ware accessories after tie fact , but it did net appesr that they were prfcsssi . nor that they knew what was going . on , fcut it was consistent ¦ aith tha indictineiit that they might mtr * - ] r hise subscribed money for the support of parties during the time "they sessed to lxbcur . Unless tLe parties -wesf
shown -to hare oesn present , it ought to be shown that . Ihey had x knowledge of what was goiL-g on . In the Slst toL cf & 5 Stale Trials , page 1 , the parties were 1 aligged to JiSTe aiced persons who were Kifac-wn . ^ Another olJecSais wss , thsi if fbe parties were charged j with bfcisg sceess ^ iis before the fact , these wunlu . appear "to * > e a £ uL « ~ 22 it 1 al ofience , but then tb-y weidd ¦ lie charged with Issug accessories to an cSbscs which . flid not appear to ' zsre ever existed . They were chaiged , with Bidrr 5 asd abetting the divers eYH-dispuaed persons to e&siimie snd persist in ihe said nnlawfcl EEBemblies . Se 'jras dtaling with the case upon the siipposifion Jhst i 5 was intended to say that nTr ^ js persons had been gaaity of ar ; i ^ gnce , and that ths defendants v » tje accessories ; then the iBdictmeiit csntazned no charge that the crime ci tie principal effcader ever was cemmitted .
21 r . Jnsfice Pattesos add , it was difficnit to think how a mamconld aid and assist in eoisg a thing -nnl ^ -fa it was done , baa it might l-e siding to go a thing which 'Was intended to be done . Jlr . E 3 XE said , a persan might supply gunpowder to a ship when no £ En was fired . TThtre there were known f . fffpw » those cScnce 3 ought to be stated . It was not siding sad sbairing ia an attempt to commit a susdcxaeanonr . Where sn atttispl was charged ; there must se an act done by tha defendantH which would be part cf the of&jjce eiu poii-g ii sioald be committed . Supposing 3 pistol to be charpfd by e person who intended to commit a murder , but afterwards chsaged las mind , tbe loacing the piaioi w « sld 3 ot be an effence , beeesse there was no hr = Ach of the law—ihe ixtti . ntaon alone wss not crimiDsL ilr . Jestics Pattesos rffl there was a ease some
years ago where a mas went to snengjarcr in tee Strand , 1 and wishedhiia to make a plate lur the purpose of coie- j minting a forgery on the Korwe ^ ian GoTtrnment ; it : ¦ was held fiat the man was inSctabis—he was isdisted ; far solidttag . i J&z . Hkie replied , that here the case -s ? as different ;! the dcfeud 3 i » ts were not isfiicted fcr sc-iieidsr . nor was ! it an indietaieni for an attempt to commit a misdcinea- j ncnt The indictment did not show that tii * y tc = » £ smy \ ^ art in impeding labour ; there wss ce ^ ct done by tbe j defendants . He submitted that the gdhtility if " this 1 indictment made It bad , it was too indefinite ; u was so { devoid of sU pstticnlaBS , that tbe defcBdctis ijaQ net ; that ressonable informaHon as to whsi they Wt-it i called npon to answgr , to which aD iBaiet-d pzr ~ ms were by the law of EsgJanfi entitled . Tjotre neve ? was '
an indictment more care m speeliying tay psjt-roiirs ; tbe wtsas wtia " diners perEonEj at -crrers liuies , at ¦ divers places . " To whet part of Eagiand coald the , attention of the parties be -directed ? who -dxe tb ~ priEcipa ] danders ? where were t : ey , what was the : time , what was the offence ? ETtry electiw : aob , ' ererrsoly-fiay assembly , eTery ftsiive nitetig , ui i ^ ht code ¦ ender ihe denomination of hmnxitaoas £ » -rxc-, ¦ Ji iiijn . The defendants were not-supposed to bt jmnS ^ j gifirv cf ary ose of the sets charged , for thess hE . fi ieenlaidfetSieindictiaen ! : as seTeral and tlistinet , yet ttis only fsmisb-d an sdoitisnal resson why the connt H 9 W secgbv to be oTatsmsSishonla ha" ? e beeu reoderea moie Eeec&te sad specific in its lingsage . Amc-i g many other cases upon conspiracies , thosa of " the Qneen r . Toni-s" 5 ( brr , and Paynt , and " the Kinj r Ssaworth , ** 1 Ad ? Iphas and ElEa , were authorities to show Hie "t iksfbiiiiy * f the Courts in resardjee generaliry" ss fatal to an indictment Upon tbese authorities , sjs ¦ &cH 2 s rpen & . a l «» i = fc and tagne ¦ wo rd-3 ne of the CTunt . he conUnaed that it was opposed to lht Jpiri * at-d rule ? 01 the law with reference to indje-EfTtB , and Enst therefore be held by then' L * rdships as i ^^ sfSdfcnt ? r » I hxA . lir . Dbsdas fallowed on the rane sida It sppea x £ > - > him tta'th ^ charge intended to be set op 2 gaidt ^» ** pdr- ^ jsi cfiixit-rs" was that of a ric * . At lt ^ r if it wera art so . it amounted to nothing of "Bfcira L . Jmew i 2 ernainal Ja-s-, or of which the rrm--.-- » l t- > mtS CESXC < i lie CfSgnizuiCS . A ganTTiing tprt it Wis jx ' , tLth- L-jTCii ips wosld hold in Tiew , that ar ii ? toa rsd 3 t least t ' -rrire pericaE 10 consi'tnte a xioten ? assembiy . it oaghtto apx ^ sx cr-cn the is . "ictmtnt that tbe principal off- ia 3 era ?» sfeiii :-ted to ci < -x-.-eeded that ! xnrmbs . Tbe 1 etu-s of thtse partic ' S , if krn-wn ; should ' bale bs * a 'lal- ^ i , or , if stlitrirae , tbej sho&ld bane been ' ia = r £ ka = d ^ 3 *• cojnso- r / * In Eon ,- i-f lbrse rtsptcts ,
hewerer , Gi--i ti ? % indictment c ^ n-piy ¦ with tht ralea of . law . Tie rsnibt-r of j-rir ipsl c 5 > n -. ; the f oexih c- ^ rat wns bad , and m « T > frir ^ Tit t » chsrj-s Oie defendants with bang atces- Eozies Irciore the ftci , ssmncb as it cenbsined nothiif ¦ which could be tsns *? 3 . - ss wor- ^ s of *¦ SoiicitatioE . " TothishE wguld onl > .- " 4 , feat as a new order of : ¦ words bad been ijsfcd , •* . _ ! , Tat asj reason aaagned for twanging the old , tfcs fors ^ r zs . zst i e rrjicted by theff lordships . He , howeT ^ » . 1 aaiitained , tLi ; it was compatent for iini , becacsa . c , ^ ly cossistent with the terms of the itcSctanenU u itgard it as chargia 5 tie defendants' wifh being scceaories after the fact 32 je defenoEnts could net be regarded as aider * and abettors , since the count in question contained bo words to show Qist they were present at the time of fiie ofienoe commuted . SeitbEr .-in the |
absence d terms « f " solicitation , " * could they be regarded as accessories before the fact Bven , however , on JhehypcftfcesIs'Jist the defendcaUwereEonght to be charged as accessorif es after , tbe feet , the fourth count could not stand , since ii SM not appear thereby that the dfclenoantSrhad any " knowleflge" * -f the gciky sx ^ whfitfialpiS ^ usIy occurred . This was sn aTenseai TrfcsiJicaiflJta ^ iequlrea ia ctrcumsiai-ees of the kiod , and which the inoictmenl aid cot supply . The AitraiejrCtenerali ^ fflffiie former argument , had endeaTonicd to jpticli iip lbs -defect by appealing to " HanssidE * a se , ^ bat there a ; : gnlity knowledge had been charged . Ibe indictmeuV iffireoTer ^ ccatoaed no aB ^ s a&m of
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fh « mean- used by the defendants , as it o&gbt by £ be j rales of law tt > have Qone . In cosciusion , Le wouiil put it to their lordships from the numerous authorities laid down npon the subject , that the defendants could j not be considered alders and abettors , inasmuch as the , indietment contained no allegation of their ** presence " dnrLi ? the time of the acts committed ; that they could . aot be regarded as accessories before the fact , because ! the count contained no words of solicitation , " nor i yet as accessories slier the fact , as there was no aver-| meat of " knowledge . " And that , therefore , the fourth ' , count must be held by their Lordships to be bad in ! Jaw . ; { Mr . Baises next took up the argument by reminding ' their Lordships that it could not be said that the statute i of George iT . healed the errors that had been pointed j out in the indictment ; and wUhout ^ uch an inttrposition ! the common la" could of itself apply no remedy . The 1 points that had been raised upon the argument . came ! before their Lordships in precisely the same light and I with the Bams force as if they had been presented to I them upon demurrer . An indictment had been denned ! in Lord Hale ' e Plea $ of Hie Crovm , and in a case reported in page 862 of Coopers Reports , but the count j in question tras totally at variance with the nature of < an indictment as pointed out by these definitions . XiSjrt I count could not . in the first place , be maintained as one J charging a conspiracy for the principal offence , inasmuch as it would be bad for " generality . "" It was true that greater generality had been allowed in an inoictment \ for a conspiracy or a nuisance than for any other form of . offence , but the indulgence had been strictly confined to these , and could not be veryiar dispensed with even in them , much less extended to an indictment for aid-- ing and abetting the malpractices of others . Even , ; however , upon the supposition that the " principal ! offence" charged in the present instance was a
conspiracy , the fourth count must be considered insufficient from the uncertainties—firstly , as to the present con' spiring j and secondly , as to the persons conspired ' acainst . No names were given for any of the principal ¦ effencers , nor , was ii even mentioned that they were ' persons " nntnown . " And the same objection hfld I tree Triih regard to those who were stated to hav& ; been obstracted by the conspirators in their work . 1 As to j—ison , time , and place , the count was equally rzsme and loose in Its allegations , and , In his ( Mr . Ba ' ntsV opinion , should be helfi insufficient . He ; Kiint ^ iBed , however , that it "was bad also on the - ground of "multifariousness , * ' as charging the defen-..-1 tints with aidiEg and abetting the principal , offenders in a number cf separate individual and unconnected i . cts ,
; which differing in time , place , and performers , omght j to have been distinctly charred . The law on this point ' had been stated in the case of " the King ? . Roberts , " j in 4 Slodern , ps ? e 101 , and to that he referred their ¦ Lordships , Another objection to the fourth connt was ' to be found in tbe fact , that it contained no allegation i or reftience to , the means and manner by which ' the defendants had committed their offence . In an isdictmeat npon cursing and swearing , and upon a threatening letter , the Court held that the eaths used : in the one instance and the letter in the other ought to have been specially set forth , in order that they . might themselves jndge from the record whether the
offence complained of was indictable ; and the pnn-. ciple that where an offence had been committed the j means and manner of i' . s accomplishment ought to be , averred had hten long thoroughly established . It . might , perhaps , bs argned that a necessity of the kind 1 in instances of the present sort ¦ would render pleadings ! interminable , but that ought to have been remedied , ' not by an infraction of the rule of law , but by altering . the form of the offence , and proceeding on the ground ; of a conspiracy . On these grounds , in addition to those already advanced by his Learned Friends , Mr . Dundas , . and Mi . 3 Me , he submitted that tbeir Lordships onght to hold the fourth count insufficient in law . Mr . Serjeant J ! rjiraT c ^ me next , and after some ' remarks on the absence of any averment pf intent on the part of the dtfrr . dants , proceeded to draw tbeii L-rdsbips * attention to the infraction in the fourth count of the rule of law , that where &n offence in its nature accessorial wss eomplained ef , a statement of knowledge" wan indispensable . Sir W . Follett had en this point quoted the authority of " The King v . Ta&ei , " as an answer to the objection tsken , but in , that case the word ** advisedly" had been nsed , which . had been held to supply the defect , while here no substitution had been attempted . With reference to the Ergoraent of his learned friend Mr . Earle as to the t absence of v-ords of " solicitation" in the fourth count , ' hr ( Mt . Serjeant Slurpby ) was desirous of pointing ont to tireir Lordships ths reasans why the wwd " encon-, raged , " which occurred in the count ; could not be held to cure tbe mistake . " Eoccurag ^ ment" and '
solicitation" were two very different things , and must not J ^ e regarded as synonimcus . If they took ; tbe case of false pretences , let it be a substantial indictment , that A . B . encouraged C D to obtain money by false pretences ; he submitted that woulS not be a ^ ocd indictment . The party must set out the chief offence , in order that tbe Court might judge whether it was unlawful : it was for the Court , not the prosecutor , te dtLermine as 1 o its illegality ; and if it was not compJet-Jy set out , how could the Court form » n opinion ? The intent W 35 fo imperfectly stated that it was impossible to say -ahich of the parties had dene an unlawful act .
Mr . EoDXis said the Count could not be supported , os th ? gTtmi . d of its uncertainty in tlso description of the offence . If it could be imputed to the principal tSruderor to the party inciting , the grand jury might decide on one state of facts , and tbe petit jurj en anstber . The words were so vague , that ; it might ho bug the parties had written letters to incite to an act to ro be coinmitte'l . or that the meetings having ceased , ri-e defendants might have rendered the : parties support acd EssiEtance after the fact had been coxsmitttd . r-ir . Athestos submitted that for jtfee reasons which had been urged this count was bad , as it did net aver that the defendants had been guilty of any cStnco tsoim to the law ; or that if the offence ins knoTr , it was so ohsenre that no judgment ouriit to be passed upon it . The names of the principaia onsiit to be gi 7 en , or it ongfct to be stated that they « rpre unknown .
. dr . Justice Cglebjdge said , if ten regiments of infastry Lad beeu engaged , of what use would it have bei-n to have covered sheets of parchment with statics tbeir names , pi how wonld it have served the parties tr > have said thty were unknown ? Mr . Atbebtos Bald that was an extreme case , but according to the miss lsid down in the books , it appeared to be necessary either that Ihe names should bs stated , or that it sb&uld be stated that the numbers were ex- « rsiTe . Lord Dessijln—We will take time to consider the matter .
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OBSERVATIO NS ADDRESSED TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE , ASD MORE ESPECIALLY TO ENGLISH MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT , ON THE STATE OF IRELAND . At this time , when the condition of Ireland assumes * - isportant a place in tfcs attention of the Srirish public—when , on Tie oa-c ? band , nifr £ ? are 8 . of a character subversive of p * -l : t'cn ! iibtrty are in progress of being pa-sed by ths lsgis . : ^ re . ar . 3 , on the other hand , the grrat body of the p-: cple of Irtlaad are proclaiming , as with one voice , the injustice of England , it svpeaxs to me to be vtjy desirable that the peculiar . circumstances in the e-naition of the Irish people , which £ ive cause for th " s position of things , shonld be nsiiTc fuHy understood than 1 bciievs they are at presto f .
Not only the outrages , but tbe discontents , of the pe * . plt i . f Ireland proceed from tbe wretchedness of thtrj c-jn-iiUon , as existing test-rally over three provjrc ^ F aau panisily over tt / iuUitb ; and if it be asked what produces this wrenche / iEess ? I nnhesitatinniy cnswtr , the oppression and bad systemB of lacdlirdK , which are no less injurious to tbtmsel ^ es thin to their Ui ^ ikt *; and to these th tr *> ha * of late ywrs h < -en a A ? ed the desire of exterminating the small holders from the lands of Ireland . It is hard ioi Enjilishrnen to con-Cs . ' . vt : N .-w it is possible that any body of nien should be si c- " -p * ' -tt-iy blinded to their o" * rn inttrtsts &s to incbcs tbvm to act as the landlords of Jrr-jan < i have aeud . It is tbcrtibrs useful to csll to mind tLr oi .-giad cLrcuiut-tanrfes » -. ' the conutcti .-n of landlord and ttnam in that tenntry . it nrose from the repeated wars which occurred in IrtSsnd . in o-osiquence if i ^ bellions against the Briiit- b power , tbsi a . li tbo lands , with very few exceptions , have tk-ea it dif = ia . i tiim . a forfeited , and tave chaitged beads ia n > tny eases even three times over . The ritni J Tertiis was , that tbote t » bo got thtirc lands f ^ -it no ** = enrity jn tbe rT ^ f- ^ ^ so cbtait-ed , ami iheir object r ^ n ! = eqa * -i . t 5 y -ffas to levy the greatest posiible r--7 ei » ue ir , ths shortest p--iJ > Ie ttoe , without any respect t-o the cons ^ qnenses ef porh proceedings on the future or } trnianent cir *^ Hiun of tii ^ : ¦ nple ; and , in artuitivn to this , ,-. f . out- » -f Lo > Lili : r > iiited between ILe i ^ rui . Je
; j i ; , ' j \ ' . ar ; - u .. stii'il «»«;« . < ieriT . i f « . ra tht circumsUii-f * of cor > qa--st . am' diKert-rct c-f race and religion . Froii ; j th = £ e causes , ths ccrr .. ^ cii ' -n ccmmuiced in a spirit of ; mnt = al n = - red , tnd has continued so . The lanakr is : had the j .- ^ er to JBOuIge niirtstrained tisir desire to ) oppress ar , n exact , because no counteracting respcusit bihty was created fy a systim of Poor Laws , or by any , other measures—rut the reverse , the most dire systtiu ; of laws was passed to Mipply tbe means of oppression . ' Thus passion , prejudice , and tempcEtry self-interest ¦ created a syvtepi of actica which has uniformly con' t tinned , and has exhibited itself in the most reckleBB ) and cruel lapacity . TLis piodnced tbe vcrions modes I of managing lands for the purposes of extortion , to 1 which I have referred on < iifftrent occasions in ParliameEt , and which are minutely detailed m various
I i ' j reports of both HcuBes of the legislature , From hence arora the system of middlemen , joint tenancy , conacre MQ cg the lanfis to the occupier without buildings or improvements , or any allowance for the same ; and all the excessive provisions in the fora cf distraint and ejectment Tor the recovery and extorting of rent which distinguish the Irish law or landlord and tenant Thus , the occupiers of the ; land were reduced to extreme poverty , without the j opportunity of subsisting themselves by the nrodece of 1 thbir iabonr in any way ; without education , without ¦ agricultural knowledge , and deprived , by repeated distraints , of their stock , and of a . l means of < beneficially ¦ working their holdings , they hav « been rendered in-• eijfi-bk « -f p = ju : c that amount of rett , which the qna-1 ntj of tbi-ir Jacds wonld otherwise essilv yield , and } -which those small holders , under a proper system of
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management , would h ^ ve been perfectly competent to pay . Such befog the state of things to which the people were reduced , the landlords found that soma remedy must be adopted , in order to obtain a fair return from their lands . Did they then attempt to better the condition of poor people , by aiding their industry and promoting their power of improvement ? No such thing . Extermination "was the decree of the landlords of Ireland by a kind ef general consent , and several concomitant causes gave an increased impulse to that system of action . ¦ 1 st The abolition of the 40 a . county franchise , by the Emancipation Bill of 1829 , rende ' rad consolidation necessary in order to produce a new £ 10 franchise . Thi 3 was the first step in the exterminating system : but then , again , the £ 10 vaters rtj « 5 tedt the landlords' supremacy ; they would not be his political servants : this produced a second act of the extennirating drama . It was deemed inexpedient to create ^ £ 10
voters , is was said the franchise must be placed in less numerous and more obedient hands , and for this reason , whenever leases dropped , the consolidation principle became the rnle of action in a still more extanded dtgrea Again , : a third impulse was given to this system by the ncture of the Poor Law Act passed for Ireland . As this act contained no prevision of settlement , the p » br iusu , when ejected from his landB , had no right to claim relief at the place of his birth , or former residence ; therefore it because the otjecfc of landlords and fanners to drive away the poor , in order to guard acainst taxation for their support ia their respective districts , especially as the enactment of some settlement clausa TS&a looked forward to as a probable addition to the act at no distant period . Thus the Poor Relief Bill has , in this respect , had the indirect iffact of greatly aggravating the miseries of the poor of Ireland , by driving then ! off the lands , without any concurrent measure to promote their employment
The foregoing brief history of landlord end tenant transactions in Ireland I have given as a prelude to the followiag proofs cf the action of the exterminating system now in operation . Various statements have been made at different times in tbe newspapers of the proceeding of particular landlords and agents . They are all met by statements of these landlords and agents , bach faying . ' * It is not I who have done these things . " I shall not bow enter into individual cbarges , but I will s > how from facts , authenticated by parliamentary documents , that a dreadful and Li-artless persecution is and has been going un upon the part of tbe landlords cf Ireland against the small holders . I say the landlords of Ireland as a body—at the same time I admit that there are many distinguished and most honourable
exceptions . There are two returns from which I ahall take these facts . In the second Euppletnent to Appendices D . E . F-, of the Irish Poor Inquiry Commissioners , s . retnrn is given of the civil bill ejectments at Court of QaBrtpr Sessions in Ireland for seven years , from 1827 to 1 S 33 , both years i « elusive . This return gives the namtv ; of plaint ffs and the number of tleftm ants , ai ; tl various ether particulars ; but this re ^ . rt has returns from only nineteen counties out of thircy-two , the wholo number of counties in Ireland . There is another r- tarn made this year to Parliament for five years , from 1838 , t « IS 42 , both inclusive . This return gives the number of tjcctnitnts for all the counties of Ireland , but does nt ) t give the names of plaintiffs or number of defendants . It lies in manuscript in the library of
ths Bouse of Commons , not having been ordered for printing . It appears by the last mentioned returr . that the number of Ci 7 il Bill ejectments entered for tbe five ytara terminsting with 1842 were 28 , 559 being at the average rate of 5 , 712 yearly ; but this only gives the number of ejectments entered—it does not show the number of pers jus served on each ejattment By a reference to u former return it will be found that each entry comprehended in inatiy cases a large number of occupants , even so many an forty . Thia ariseB from the nature of the letting of lands in Ireland in sub-tenancy and co-partnership . By that return the ejectment entries for nineteen c-uantiea in seven years vrere 13 . 425 , but the defendants amounted to 31 . 007 , btine in the proportion of about 2 i to the
entries . If , then , we assume this proportion as a guide in referring to the late return , the number of entries being 2 S . 559 , the number of dtfendanta would be 71 , 397 . Each of these defendants is a sepa » ate occupier , and probably head of a family ; taking the families at the usual averago of five beads—the total number of population against tchom ejectment proceeding ' s have been taken would amount to 356 985 souls in the Jive years being at . the awa-je rate each year of 14 , 339 families , comprehending 71 , 397 heads of population But I can show farther , that this extermination is going on in a rapidly increasing ratio . By the first report the number of ejectment cases in tbe ninetesn counties are 13 . 425 , being at the rate of 7 GC for each county . At the same rate , the number for the
thirteen omitted counties wonld be 9 , 178 , making a totu of 22 , 603 fer seven years , or o the average 3 , 229 entries yearly . But the average of five years , given in the last return , would be 5 712 each year , showing a yearly increase of 2 483 cases on tbe averaee , 01 an increase of very little less than one-half iD nine years ; or , in ether words , the average of five year . ? , ending in 1842 , is nearly ene-third greater than theiivrrag .- of seven yeai 3 , ending in 1833 . It may be attempted to meet my aintement by the allegation that these entries were all decreed . It matters not—the entries , show tbe animus of the landlords ; and
the presumption Is , that the persona named were driven oat by -some other means ; ai . < i undoubtedly large numbers lave been expelled , against whom no legal process had been taken . There is another fact which appeats from the fust return , that iu the great majority of cases no rent is charged as being due—the ejectments are brought for what is termed ovei ' holdingas , for example , the county of Donegal . The number of ejectments entered in the seven yeais included in that return were 757 in that county , and in only 137 cases Is rent charged as due ; and in that county tbe yearly average cf entries has risen , since 1832 , from 111 to 246 considerably more than double .
Now , gentlemen , and people of England , such is a true , and as I think you will feel from the facts I have stated , incontrovertible statement of the landlord and tenancy condition of tbe people of Ireland . This state cf things has tempted the people to form illegal associations , and to do violent , Illegal , and cruel acts to protect themselves from , this exterminating system ; they feel that tLe iaws and the institutions give them no protection ; they therefore make a law for themselves and appoint their own executioners to carry cut their judgments : they are in a state of desperation ; they feel that they must either hold their land or die the miserable though lo £ instjmt death of starvation ; and tbis state of things also produces the defaiie for political cU&nge . A people so oppressed and distress ! grssp at the proposition of any change , because they ore in such a deplorable condition that no change can make them worse . To meet such evils as these what would be the obvious course ?
would it not be to propose such amendments of tbe law of landlord and tenant as would give the occupier some protection against this heartless extermination ? A power of claiming value for improvements , er a renewal of tenure as a set-off against notice of ejectment , has been lepeatedVy sujrcpsteiJ ; the powerB of distraint eh&uld also be limited within jast bounds , and in conjunction with these' amendments of the tew of landlord and tenant , the Poor Law should be made to act effectively against the exterminating process ; a power should be given bj which , in case ejected tenants were admitted as objects of public relief , the expenses of such relief should be chargeable to a certain extent upon the ejeciiDg landlord ; and also in cases wherein the rent paid by any tenant exceeded , in a certain proportion , the rent by valuation , If such tenants should be supported from the rates , the expense of such relief should be chargeable on the immediate lessor and levied in both cases by giving powers to tl . e commissioners , in case of nw .-payment , to enter into the receipt of the rents .
I uuhesitatingly assert my belief that such measures as these would cpt-rate aa a charm in ameliorating the condition , and removing the discontents of tbe people ; various other useful measures have been suggested for promoting improvement and employment ( set report on public Worts , 1835 ; and the reports of tbe Peor Liw Inquiry Commissioners , &c ., &c ) Eat instesd of such measures as these , what aretbe propositions of the Qo'v-trnice-nt ? Dj they propose to increase the responsibility of the in milords ? They propose exactly the reverse . They bring in a New IV 17 Lnp Bill , the changes made by v . hichare to increabt the powier and to diminish the responsibility of tbe iandionts ; and they do this with a knowledge ( or eJse thf y ore guilty of unpardonable ignorance ) that a c-uel f xt < rmlnation is in progress by tfec landlords , amt > n ^ f . ^ 5 , as I have shown , t « the txtpnt of upwards of sevaiiy one Ihtu&ind leads of ihe population annually .
Ths seford meisnre the Government proposes is an A » nis Bfi-. ' - ' ry Bill . The nature anJ character of this b . l \ is fu . ij before the public . There might bo some apolo . 27 , i * it were said , we want this bill to protect UK , till o' . Lit measures of remedy shall come ir . to ac'iar ; ; U r j . y do not say thi ? . 1 purposely put tde ij . - . . . on ;• a iute occasion to the G ^ urnment ; tl : e an-£ ^ ~ cltuTiy shesferi that no other me ^ suTes were inter . de- —tUit to -whole reliance was on tbe Arms Bill . Tten I ask Englishmen to consider , first , Will this Anns Bill remedy the evils I have laid before you ? You cannot fay it ¦ will .
Second ij— Will it prevent outrages and murder ? Can yon believe that those who have formed this agrariau erjaaiziiion will net contrive to secrete arms , or else to rob yiiij from those wbobave registered them , in order to cany ibto execution their objects ; or iu case of wanting armo , that the bludgeon would not be resorted to , or other practices still more dreadful ? Tbirdlj—If this bill does not operate effectually in taking away the means of outrage , will it not by its offensive provisions increase the spirit of outrage ? Fonrthlj—I aek you , is it right , is it politic , to concede such & bill jas this to a government who seek it u the only remedy for evils ¦ which you know this bill cannot remedy , and thus give that government a plea to avoid the consideration of more substantial measures of amelioration ? ;
I hear it continually alleged by Englishmen , that they cannot understand the grievances of Ireland , or what remedies can be applied . I heat this constantly —I read it in the articles of the public press . I have therefore endeavoured , in these observations , as briefly as pcssible , to point out a few of the practical evils , and suggest a few of the practical remedies . I think ao one con dispute thut I have pointed out grievances ; let those who disapprove of my remediui , suggest
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better ones if they can . I have carefully abstained from the mention of political : grievances , or saying one word indicative of predeliction . I do not wish to attach blame to tbis Government greater than to other preceding Governments ; practical measures of improvement have been neglected by all alike , and I am free to acknowledge that , in tho report I have referred to in 1833 , the Whig landlords assume fully as conspicuous a figure in the exterminating warfare as the Tory landlords . Such is the condition of the Irish . people . They impute their suffering—not to what I believe to be its true cause , namely , the imperfeot representation of the people , ; in the Imperial Parliament , and consequent
bad legislation and bad government over the whole empire—but to the alleged evil intentions of the British nation towards Ireland , and they desire to protect tbemselveo from that cause of evil by a repeal of the uniun . Now I would call upon the legislators of Eagiand , both Lords and Commons , to re Beet upon the consequences of their present proceedings . If they pass such measures as the Arms Bill for the coercion of the Irish people , and no measures for their protection tor improvement , are they not ; . adding power and permanence to the repeal agitation , by proving themselves incompetent , or else unwilling , to legislate either justly or beneficially for that country ? I William Shauman Crawford . London , Juno 7 , 1843 . .
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Lfm . ( Laughter . ) I [ remember that a friend of mine was once coughing all nigot , and when the doctor came to him in the morningt be said to him , " I thinfe you cough easier than you did before . " It is no wonder I should , " said he , f' for I have been practising all nighfc" ( Loud laughter . ) It was the same way with Sir Robert Peel ; he had been practising so long , that it came quite easy to him to tell the lie . ( Continued laughter . ) It came out "with more facility from him because he had been practising tbe entire of the preceding day and evening . The lie he told was this—he said that the Queen | would oppose the Repeal to the uttermost , whereas she said no such thing . His conduct , according to tfaej newspaper reports , was traitorous to the Queen , besides being untrue ; and I have it from
the highest authority ] short of the Queen herself , and I am told that she sent Peel away when he next came to her with a flea in his ear . ( Loud laughter and cheers . ) What was tbe next step ? Up comes Chanceller Sugden . — ( groans . ) What an ugly name tbe fellow has . ( laughter . ) This Chanceller Sngden issues out a letter striking us off the commission of the peace . Only think what a deigraded man I am , deprived of the commission of the peace—bat what a great deal I care for either it or him ! ( Cheers ) But if I have been degraded it was in jvery good company . I have with mu an excellent young friend of mine—our chairmanthe son of your old and faithful representative , Colonol Butler , aEd who will himself be yet your representative . ( Cheering . ) I . thank ] you for anticipating me ; but the
moment it is not his father ' s convenience to represent the county of Kilkenny I would be glad to see the man v ? ho would attempt t ! o interfere -with his election . He possesses all the qualities of the truly noble house of Mountgax-ret ; and many and many a Mountgarret has < iied on the scaffold , or fighting in the field for'Irelan
law ; tor hu says that it is unconstitutional to attend nieetiDfs , while he fctiruself publishes an alleged speech of the Queen , and attributes to htr the unconstitutional language uttered by ( the Prime Minister . But they have tent over 36 . 000 artillery , cavalry , infantry , and marines here , and I lam very glad of U , for they will spend 36 , 000 shillings every day while they remain in this country—( cheers ) . It would be a kind of little Repeal of the Union in itself —( a laugh ) The Queen ' s army is the best in ] the world , and the class of sergeants that it contains is the most educated in existence , and I trust that the day will come when all the sergeants will be in ] a fair way of becoming commissioned officers—( hear , hear , and loud chtere ) . They also sent over the liiavy , and all the old women of tii otrier Dy
ivingston wore fn ^ ntenea e morning tne . firing of earn : on froinJsix or seven ships in the harbour on the arrival of the jadtniral . But do you know what they aru g&ing in do ? Tho admiral is coming down the Granrl Canal iu tlie heavy boat to examine all tartboats , nnd look into their potato lockers to try if they have any hidden cannon on board . It is really a fact , and he is this very day at Monastereven . A lieutenant of tte navy has been ) sent by the fly-boat on the Royal Canal , to find out what became of the army of 15 , 000 m"n that tho Right | Rev . Dr . Higgins had had in bis back parlour . Mr . O'Connell then proceeded to describe at much length tbe benefits that would be conferred on the country by Repeal , and then referred to the mo * al and physical superiority of the Irish race
over every other people in the world . He then qontinued—Our petitions will go before her Majesty , for she alone ia able to Repeal tho Uuion , by her prerogative . She can , I repeat , restore the Irish Parliament ; it ia not deal—it only sleeps . There is a torgor —an incubus overriding ; l > ut the vitality of tho heart remains . Grattan s > a ' id he watched over the cradle of Irish liberty , and saip her liberties inhearsed , and followed her to tbe gravje . I assert that she is not dead . — she only sleeps ; and hero am I sounding the trumpet for her resurrection —( cheers ) . What a day it will be when M ? . Pierce Somerset Butler is setting out In procession to go to tbe Parliament that will be sittiDg in College Green . Imllmea , your country shall not be enslaved . The Repeal of the Union is approaching ! From thiB spot I proclaim to you liberty and prosperity to Old Ireland —( loud and continued cheering ) .
After passing some other resolutions , the meeting separated in the most ; orderly manner . Warlike Preparations . —The Cork Reporter of Thursday says : —We have been informed th . it it is intended to remove th ' e 45 tb Regiment from this garrison forthwith , av ' d to replace it by another ; and that the 1 st Royal Dragoons have received orders of readlnesds for embarkation at Bristol for this port . Returns have been lately rnaclo by official persona of the acsommodation which the St . Gaorge Steam Packet Company's vessels on the Bristol and Cork station are capable of affording for men , horses , &c ; their tonnage , rate of Bailing ! &rA facilities for embarking and landing troops . Accommodation is being'providod for a lnrge military force in Mallow , and a portion of the Police Barrack , it fs said , is being prepared for the
officers' quarters . Two companies of the 56 th Regiment and two troops of thejlOth Hussars , and seven ofHcars , under the command lof Captain Barclay , proceed henco to-morrow morning for Mallow , in order to be within call ef the authorities in that town on Sunday next (' . oring the repeal demonstration . The Mermaid steamer . Captain Hearn , on her passage from London to this port , passed the Malabar abreast the Lizard Point , on Monday , tbe 5 th instant , at three p m . The destination of this vessel isj Cove , and so her arrival Rear-Admiral Bowles will hoist his flsg on board her in C > ve harbour , where she will remain for the hummer . Lieutennnt Farquhar , RN ., has arrived at Cove , and will join the Malabar as flag lieutenant , with Admiral Bowles . Tho baaigagi , &c , of the admiral was landed , ex-Mermaid , from Plymouth yesterday .
Fatal Affray on the Shirley Estate—On Thursdny the jury gave in their verdict— " We find that Pi-t * r Agnew came by bis death at Maheracloon , in tbe county of Monagrfan , on the 5 th of June icsi , by a gun-shot wound from a party of twenty-eight policemen commanded by Major Wilcox and Sub-Inspecior Berry , and we find that they have not produced sufficient evidence to shew that they were in imminent danger of their lives at the time they fired on the people ; and that there was not proof as to the identical pei Bon who fired the shot that killed Peter Agnew . " INVESTIGATION INTO THE ORANGE Ol'TRAGES IN TYRONE . Dungaxnon Friday Night . —The Goverarr . eat enquiry rhvo the recent outrages committed near this to ^ n w as resumed this day before Mr . Coulson , stipendiary n m ^ istrate , ! find the following local magistrates : —Messrs . Greer , Jackaun , Burgesa , Wray , and M'Kor . zifi .
Mr . Alderman Butt and Mr . Nowlan appeared as counsel and attorney for too Orangemen . Mr . Clements and Mr . FaLs were for the poor Catholics whose houses were wrecked and persoi . s and properties injured . J Mr . Coulsoa heggera to know if any arrangement bad been made between tqe learned gentlemen on both sides as to the order in wb , ich they would proceed . There were causes and cross-causes connected with two separate transactions took that place on the 30 tb of last month , : ind he thought , for regularity sake , they ought to commence with the occurrences that took place in the morning at the quarry , or the altack of which the party complained who were conning t > Dungannon , and then proceed to investigate the occurrences of the latter part of tho day . Mr . Butt said he coincided exactly with what his worship said with regard to the propriety of the art
rangement . J rangemeni . Mr . Clements should have no objection to the course suggested by the bench . Mr . Butt saM—It appeared that great excitement existed in that part of the country , and , indeed , throughout Ireland geneiQ lly , jupon LLc question cf Repeal , and it having been represented through the public press that the Protestants jand Presb > teriaiis in and about Dungnnnon had given in their adhesion to tbat measure , they determined to pfpve that these assertions ^? ere unfounded , by making a j great anti-repeal demonstration , anii fur that purpose they agreed upon h . ivin ^ a meeting in Dangannon , onj Tuesday , the 30 th May . Some persons wero coming ( in to attend that meeting , acd
whoa passicj ; a quany at a place called Carland , they were atiackfi ! by a m 6 b of nearly ono hundred persons , st « nes wer ^ ' thrown at ! them , and one man , narasd Morrow , waa eo dangerously wounded , that hia Kfu was dfcsp arid of . Koine yjuunsj lads then ran ir . to the town of Du . i ^ anucu , and Having given that exaggerated account of tbe transaction which their fears had prompter ! , thegteafc bulk of the patty who were assembled f or the purpose 01 attending } the anti-repeal meeting , sallied out to the scene of the cu . tt . ige , and there by way of retaliation , had cemsiitted acts which he would bo very sorry to appear ] there to justify—but he might say , that tha whole kfluir had been greatly exaggerated .
Several witnesses jffere then examined touching the original disturbances in Carland before the wreckings . J Mr . Butt said he ] had closed bis case , and submitted that he had proved the charge of both riot and assault . ! Mr . Clements contended that , in point of law , there had been no riot It might be called an affray , out of which an insignificant ! assault had arisen . The Orangemen were passing wiih their fifes and drums ; some insulting language passed between them and men who were quietly standing Ion the road , when one man was assaulted , and , although it was stated by Mr . Butt thai hia life was in danger } he never had occasion to go to a doctor . He thought at most the charge could only resolve Itself into a common assault , and that it aught not to be even Bent to the sessions .
Six O'CLOCK . —The' magistrates , after having consulted for a few minutes , Mr . Coulson said they would not give judgment till the whole affair was investigated . ] The inquiry will hardly conclude to-morrow evening . — Correspondent of the Dublin Evening Post .
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Meeting of King ' s County Magistra tes fa Pvraontown on Friday last , convened fey the E trlof Rosse , in consequence of the atrocious murder of Mr GKtchelL His Lordship was furnished with , a copy of the Arms Bill , which he read for the meeting , and which was unanimously approved of . A committee was formed to watch over the new registry of fire-arms afc quarter sessk-aa , and to prevent in every way arms get . ting into the hands of the peasantry of the Sine's County . Resolutions and subscriptions were entered into to co-operate with , and assist government in pro . tecting witnesses . It was deemed unnecssary , or supe . rerogatory , to enter into any reward for the apprehend sion of . the murderers of Mr . Gatchell , there being already persons committed to abide their trials for that crime , lest it might affect the pending trials . His Lord , ship entered his name for the sum of £ 100 , and before the meeting separated there was £ 400 subscribed . — Nenagh Guardian .
MB . O'Conell in Mallow . —The Catholic clergy , men of Mallow and surrounding districts have been , cautioning their congregations for the last three weeks not to break a single branch sff any tree for the procession without the cunsent of the owners . —Cork Reporter . National Education . —Repeat ,. —v ? o have beau informed that the Commissioners of the National Edu . cation Board have dismissed one of their teachers , who was in attendance upon the training school in Dublin he having spoken at and taken an active part in a Repeal meeting in the county of Louth , previous to bis entering upon his course of educational preparation in tha Dublin model school . —Smunriers .
Govebnjient Reward . —In the Gaze'le of Tuesday a reward of £ 100 is offered by Government for tbe conviction of the party or parties who are represented as having , on the night of tha 2 nd in 3 tant , fired at John Burke , Esq ., J . P . of Fintrim , co . Galway , as he waa passing through his hall . New Stipendiary Magistrate . —Th 9 Lord Liea . tenant , we are told , has appointed Mr . Pilswcrth Whelan a stipendiary magistrate for Slfgo . Those who hare any recollection of Carlow politics cannot be at any losa to know the nature and extent of this gentleman ' s qualifl . cations . —Freeman .
Preparations fok War . —The Limerick Ckronth states that Captain Fry , R . A ., Bararckmaster of tha \ district , is gone to visit the fortresses on the Lowei Shannon , to provide accommodation for parties of the 36 th leeiment who detach , to the batteries of Kiicied ; ine , Djiatm , Kilkeran , and Carrig Island , as a reinforcement to the artillery force on these stations . A non-commissioned officer ' s party of the 36 th is now attached So each fortress . Calling in the Absentees . —Lientenants of Counties have received orders to repair to their respective distvlctP , to co-operate ^ rith government and the iocal authorities in tha preservation of the public peace . —Limerick Chronicle .
Lots of Supersedeases . —The Lord Chancellor has been ndviaed to address a circular to every individual magistrate in Ireland , demanding a categorical answer to the question of his being a Repealer or not , it being the determination of Government to leave no magistrate in the Commission of the Peace who is not of the same opinion and determination of her Majesty and the Privy Council onthfi impolicy and dagger-of snch a movsmerit . —Limerick Chronicle . Refusal of Magistrates to act Sub-Inspector F : tz « inon and his party wero severely maltreated at the fair of Molahiffe , Kerry , and one policeman got his bend fractured . Magistrates were previously called on to attend the fair , but declined Limerick Chronicle .
the Drcgheda Magistrates and the Lord Chancellor . —Patrick Teraan and Thomas Ennis , Eaqrs ., of Drojheda , feeling that to retain _ their commission as magistrates conl 4 only degrade them , by debarring them from the free exercise of their right to meet with their fellow-countrymen for the legal and con-. titutional purpose of petitioning for the repeal of an Act of Parliament , have resigned their commissions into the banda of the Chancellor . —Drogheda Argus . MORE Resignations . —The following gentlemen have been superseded at their own request : —Willjam J . Finn , Esq ., formerly M . P ., for Kilkenny eounty ; George Comyn , Esq ., Woodstock , county of Galway ; John Power , Esq , Gurteen , late M . P ., for Waterford county ; John H . Talbot , Esq ., Ballytrent , county Wexford ; and R . A . Fitzgerald , Esq ., Muckridge House , county Cork .
Mr . Joseph Myles Mac Donnell , Doo Castle , county Mayo , hsa b ^ en removed from the commission because he attended a . repeal meeting . Mr . MucDonnell has already expressed his sentiments on this act of deprivation . The Lord Chancellor has accepted the resignation of Mr . W . S . O'Biitsu , M . P ., as a magistrate for Clare and Limerick .
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IRISHMEN IN OFFICE . In reference to the appointment of Englishmen and Scotchmen to Irish offices , the Times had an impudent article which wo intended to notice ; but the Mail has something to hand so pithily and pointedly done , that w <; must borrow from pur eotemporary , whose observations , we hope , will circulate with good effect among his Tory readers : — .., "We need not persevere in re-stating our own crude views , opposed as they evidently are to those of a " heaveu-born aiinistcr ; " but we may just mention that—The Archbishop of Dublin is an Englishman . The Chief Administrator of the Irish Poor Law is an Englishman . Tha Paymaster of Irish Civil Services is a Scotchman . T . ic Chief Comnisisioner of Irish Public Works is an Englishman .
The "' Teller" of the Irish Exchequer is an English man . The Chief Officer of the Irish Constabulary is a Scotchman . r l he Chief Officer of the Irish Post-office is an Englishman . The Coi lector of Excise is a Scotchman . The head of the Revenue Police is an Englishman . The second in command is a Scotchman . The persons employed in the collection of tlie customs , &c , are English and Scotch—in ihe proportion of thirty-five to one .
But tho Times may perhaps observe , " True , " but * all this is only the elucidation ot our plan far unbar- ^ ring the gates of preferment unsparingly , impartially and honestly . " Scotchmen arid Englishmen are placed in effice in Ireland , and Irishmen ia return in Scotland and England , in order to draw closer the bond 3 of union between the three united nations . Again let us see how facts actually Btand . There are— ' ' , Cabinet Ministers—Englishmen , 10 . Scotcnmen , 3 . Iri hmen , 0 . , Lords of the Treasury—Englishmen , 4 , Scotcnmen , 2 . Irishman , 1 . Secretaries of the Treasurj—Eng lishman , 1 , Scotchman 1 .
, _ . . Ci . rks of the Treasury—Englishmen or Scotchmen , 119 , Mr . Fitzgerald ( query an Irishman ) , 1 . Members of tho Lord Steward ' s and Lord Chamberlain ' s departments of the Royal household—Jingli . qhmt .-n and Scotchman , 225—Irishman , 4 . - British Ministers to Foreign Courts—Eng lishmen and Scotchman , 131—Irishmen , 4 . Poor Law Commissioners— Eaglishmen , 3—Irish * men , 0 . We pre-nnse these facts show that tbe natives of
the three kingdoms are all placed upon an equal footing , the chances of access to preferments to an Engli ^ ii or Scotchman In Ireland being , in the fsw instances that have oesuvred to us while writing , as 6 to 0 ; while the probability of an Irishman obtaining place in England appcars , from ananalajpn 3 calculation , to be in the proportion of 491 to 10 , or 1 to 50 . YVull may the writer of the Times retram fTom using tho language of taunt and reproaon towards Iieland , while he thus eloquently apostrophises , a sister kingdom— . ,.
" How short a time elapsed before she ( Scotland ) had identified c < rsclf p&li'icalJy and socially wtn EDgland and EngiUh fortunes t How ample was her vengeance for ihe ra- ? t—how splendid her earuast of the future ! tugluh arms , English conquest , English Cemmercs—are not all these also Scotch ? We could easily swell 'Jus list were it necessary . Ireland has always been us * , d by English Ministers as a means 01 providing for p-ji > r relations , dependants , ai ; d partisans . Our highest as well as our lowest offices have been prohtiuted for this purpose . What would be thought of fu Irish lawyer being cailnd over as Lord Chauceilor 0 } England 2—yet we are forced to take English lawyers as our Lord Chancellors . So on thrtugh ah departments of the Government—injustice to Ireland everywhere meets us , and so will things continue unui we learn to think le ? s about , party and more about our country . — Dublin Monitor .
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MR . O'CONNELL IN KILKENNY . Kiikenny , Thursday Evening . —Kilkenny—the " C . ty of the Confederates "—ever foremost in the cause of liberty ,, has nobly done its duty by Ireland and O'Comull , No exertion w . ! s spared by that most efficient and cctivo bedy of gentlemen , the Citizens" Club , to fonder the arrangements perfect in every particniar . The inciting was ^ fixed to tateplaca at the race-ccurBe , about three miles from the city , aud every possible t ffort made to induce the people of this and tbe neighbouring counties to attuud , en masse , and to come unprovided vrith boughs , or a twig , -which / would betoken injury to the plantations of tho aristocracy . The decoration of the magnificent pavilion for the Kepeal banquet was on a truly splendid scale . It contained extensive galleries
for the Accommodation of the ladies , besides tables for upwards of six hundred gentlemen ; and the entire cost of the wcrk exceeded . £ lf > 0 . But all their toil and exertions were wasted for nought The tremendous rain which fell flpithout ceasing during Wednesday spoiled the decorations , and th » high ' winds of the succeeding night having carvierl away a considerable portion of the roof , the committee v » "e forced to relinquish , at tba last moment all idea o ? having the banquet there , lathis predicament they contrived to procure possession of the chapel of the " B ' . ack Abbey , " and here the dinner subsequently took pUco . The Liberator , who arrived on la « t evenlnr , about seven . o'clock , accompanied by John O'Conrvell , Esq , W . P . ftr Kilkenny , and Thomas Steele , Esq ., remained during hia stay ia town at the
residence ef Ednioud Smithwick , Esq ., where a large patty wore invited to receive him . About ' one o ' clock the trades formed in procession in the Coal market , with splendid now banner ? , and each of the members carrying a white wand with a small green flag attacLed to it The several bands of the city and o ' . her bands from a greater distance , all drawn in chariots , were scattered through the procession , and served materially to enliven the scene . After the Trades came the Cftfzms' Club in coaches , each with fcur horses , preceded by a band similarly c *> n . veyed , and in the last of the coaches the Liberator and Mr . E . Smithwick occupied the front seat The enthusiasm displayed as the procession began to move wr . s
exciting and interesting iu the extreme . All the windows along tho line of proceasion wert crowded with the beauty and fashiou of tue' " fairo citie , ' the streets were so thronged that tho procession moved on with the greatest difficulty . The entire of the male population of Kilkenny county , with considerable portions of Tippemry , Queen ' s County , Carlow , Wexford , and Waterford , might literally be said to be prestiit . From the most accurate calculations that could bo made , there must have been over 300 , 000 perrons present , and the meeting bad also the distinguishing characteristics of containing a much greater number of horsemen and much fewer w&uen than at any other meeting I have attended . There were pro&abiy from 10 , 000 to 12 , 000 homemen on th 6 couTHe .
Pierce Somerset Butler , Esq ., was called to the chair , amidst enthusiastic cheering . The Chairman said he attended there that day at the summons of the county and city of Kilkenny , to act bs chairman to that vast and patriotic assembly , tbe largest , probably , that ever assembled in Ireland—( cheers ) . He dkl so , on tho solemn assurance by th"se gentlemen that the proceedings of that day would be characterised by order , regularity , and a respectful obedience to the laws of the land —( hear , hear ) . As soon a $ he had announced his intention of accepting the high honour that had been conferred upon him by the people of the county wid city of Kilkenny , he received , by return of post , the greatest insult that could possibly be offered to an Irish magistrate—he was dismissed from the commission of the peace—( hear , hear . ) He was unable to find any rational or constitutional ground for such an act—( hear , beor ) .
Ue would beg of the gentlemen who addressed the assemblage to confine themselves as much as possible within the bounds of moderation , and to make use only of tha language of conciliation —( cries ef " hear , hear , hear . " ) He could not sit down without making this declaration , and ha tmptd it -would find a responsive feeling in the breast of every Irishman who heard him . He would tell them , and he hoped there would be no mistake 01 the subject , that be was a Kepealer— ( great cheering for several moments ) . But thQggh he was an ar . vocate for the Repeal of the Union , he would also declare ,: without any equivocation or mental reservation , that he was an enemy to all idea of separation from England —( hear , hear ) . The Repeal of the Uaion would be of immense advantage to Ireland , without doing too much harm to EDgland ; but separation would involve the ruin « f both countries —( hear , bean . The Chairman resumed bis seat amidst enthusiastic applause ..
Patrick CaNTWEll , Esq ., moved the Hrst resolution , which was seconded by James Doyle , Esq , and carried . Mr . Conneil then came forward , and waa received with the most enthusiastic end deafening shouts of aplause . When silence was ; ressored , tbe Hon . and Learned Gentleman proceed&d as follows : —Is there a band ^ ithin hearing ? If there be , let them play up , "God save the Queen . " [ More than a dozen bands here played up the national anthem , the entire vast multitude remaining uncovered . At the termination of the air ,- three hearty and deafening cheers were given for the Queen . ] I wiVl now . give you another subject to cheer—three cheers for the Qneen'a army—the bravebtiarmy in the world ( Tremendous cheers . ) Three cheers for the Irish people—the most moral , the roost brave , the most temperate , and the most religious
people on the face of the earth .. ( Continued cheering . ) And now , having gone through these heartfelt ceremonies , I present myself before yeu to address you on topics af the highest interest . It has never happened L > me to behold a more gorgeous assemblage of hurr .:: n beings than that now before me . I return you ten thousand thanks for having set the elemental warfare at defiance in coming herein spite of every impediment that was imposed to prevent your attendance . Another , thing t thank you for is , that you have come without I grten boughs . You do not want anything of the kind 1 to show your sincerity in the cause of your country . I ( Cheers . 1 I have before me-more pbysigal forco than I any military couuntmcler that ever existed , and I hav p i that physisal force perfectly cognizint of the fact that they could not do anything that would be such
, 1 great injury to the cause of repeal as committing the I sli ghtest breach of the peace . ( Criesof " never fear . ") Somebody Eays never fear . " Why , I am afraid of ' , nothing except being wrong j fer as long as I am right I fear nothing , and I think I have plenty here to join I mo in ' beinp right , and to join me too in fearing ¦ nothing . ( Great cheering . ) . No , the only thing I 1 could apprehend would be any species of a breach of 1 the law . I will tell you of one of the plans of the Orange * { action to put an end to the repeal question . They find that they c-mnot anywhere tempt the people ! to violate the law openly in t * be noonday , and , therefore , in tbe north of Ir 4 l : » nd , down to tho county of Louth , they have sent about men to form Ribbon : lodges aid svear the people into secret
societies—I ( hear from Mr Steele ) . Men of Kilkenny ! if you hear I of any person attempting to form a secret society in your i county , denounce him at once to the repeal wardens in your neigbouih . iod . They will communicate the fact to ; and we will take care to have the fellow punished—I ( cries of " we will" ) . The repeal wardens are the men ' by whom I intend to obtain the Repeal of the Union , , and there is no more honourable station in society than 1 theirs . I now charge the R < peal wardens , who are established in every parish in the county , to find out forme any attempt to establish secret societies in the county , ' and when the authorities see their friends brought before them for punis'iment they will feel annoyed —( hear , hear , and laughter ) . But they have invented other methods for stopping the agitation of ihe
Repeal . ' I suppose you have heard of the Duke of . Wellington and Sir Robert Peel having come down to 1 Parliament one fine evening , and declared that they wonld prevent the Repeal of the Union even at the uexpence ef a civil war . We -will not go to war with ¦ them , out let them not dare to go to war with us—! ( tremendous cheeriDg for some time ) . Wo will act on i the defensive ; and believe ! me , men of Kilkenny , there is ! -no power in Europe that would dare attack you and the people of Ireland , when they keep themselves fa tbe tight , and act en the defensive only . ( Hear- hear . ) They threatened ub with this civil wartare ; tut we only laughed at them , and you are at
liberty to laugh at them again . ( Cheers and laughter . ) I hurled back my indignant deflanee to them from the Repeal 'Association , and I told them what I now tell yon , that we never would-violate the law , or commit any violence ; but that we haviB banda enough to defend our own heads , if they dared to attack us . ( Great cheers . ) j What was the consequence ? The great Duke of Wellington and the crafty Sir Robert Peel pulled in their horns a little * and they said they did not mean to ) attack us . ( Hear , hear . ) Very welL There is peaceithen , for we will not attack them , and they will not attack us . ( Laughter . ) But , in order to induce vis to give up the agitation of the Repeal , Sir Robert Feel told a lie , and that same came very easy to
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Frort and Sweet . —Sir Robert Peel had an audience of her Majesty on Thursday . —The audience last-ONE MINUTE . The Tobacco Crop . —The Richmond Compiler says that the tobacco crop is likely to be materially curtailed by the very backward spring . Cotton Manufactories in Mexico . —There are in the Republic of Mexico 53 cotton , manufactories , with an agregate of 135 , 000 spindles . They work up daily , on an average , 48 , 6221 bB . of cotton , and produce 43 , 7601 bff . of thread , which , whin woven into clotbi &o ., ia worth 48 , 037 dollars . These facts we derive from a printed statement by the Directors General of Mexican industry , dated city of Mexico , March 28 , 1845 .
; Deeadful Accident . —A party of Rifles stationed at Duudalk were firing ball oartridge on the strand , on Tuesday last , when , owing to one of the mea having bad sight , he Bhot one of the men stationed as marker through the head . The man died on the spot . The ball thea went through the neck of another man , wounding him dangerously .
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6 THE NORTHERN STAR . |_ _^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 17, 1843, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct937/page/6/
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