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THE JSOKTHEKN STAR. SATURDAY, SEPTEMEER 23, 1843.
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PORTRAIT OF ¥. P. ROBEKTS, ESQ.
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2.*ral am* Ctom-aJ ^nUTii^nct
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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SNSsrrEfcD . —Thb Ttts , Fotjm > ebs' . Stbikb . — por ? one- few -weeks past , the Type Founders of ShetS : < i have been on strike , in opposition to a redncnoa of their wages of from 25 to 75 _ per cent . It is rrated that the master Jonnders of Sh- ffield and London are under a bc-nd not to succumb to the just -ieinands of the men . The latter , however , are determined ; and , having jnstiee on their side , we ¦ wish them that success which labour always merits , bat ic-j often fails in obr . iining , in its straggles with law-sided capital . The ^ aestioc of the strike has i » een brought before the Associated Trades of Sh f-Btld , ai ^ ihat body has adopted a series of resolufeons . which we subjoin , appealing to the public for
pecuniary assistance ia support of the Type Founders . We tro ? t the appeal will b 9 hear'ily respondpd to . A * a mating of tbe delegates of the various Trades 5 n Siefi Id . held at Mr , iiosley * , the London Apj > Tenz : <* e . on Wednesday evening , September 13-a , 1843 - .: « following resolutions were unanimously psssc ? : — 1 . Tatt this Committee , Tiewing wiih the utmost ccoee *^ the siinaiiot of our bmhrec , the optrative Type F--under * , and deeply sympathizing with them in tLrfr arduons struggle- against the uajnst and op pressr ^ redaction of from 25 to To pt-r cent ^ feel it the > r v *^ : y strongly to recommersd their case to the imntelis-. e consideration and assistance ' of their feEo ^ Turkmen of ih e varions trades of Sheffield .
2 . That the Comnmiee , considering the most efnV . er . ; means of assisting our brethren , to be by loan ? srd weekly rab ~ criptions , respectfully , solicit thet-S-r-rp , and other influential individuals of the Tark-us Trades , to co-opsrate with them in their efforts , to carry our brethren to the end of this strn > £ V . 3 T ?? £ the persons composing -this Committee pled ^ " themselves to uEceancg exertion to assist the Opei . it ' rve Type Fuundtrs , until the dispute existing bem--en them , and their employers is bronght to a trian : i > hant conclusion . K . R—Asy pecuniary sssisianee wiil be mo ? t £ hasX&-
Ci ^ ilSLB ClTT ASD DjaTSICT JoiST STOCK BaXK . —On S ^ airday evening Izsi , a rumour was circulated it » the effect , that Mr . John Brown , manager © f the * ' City and District Bank , " had absconded "with ^ very considerabie sum belonging to ibe Bank . The greatest eonsiernarion and alarm prevailed finrik- rhe whole of Sunday ; and early on Monday laori- s * uu .- following Ectke was issued : —
" Carlisle City and&istricl BnrJt . " u The Directors feel it to be their duty to inform ihe ii .-reholders and the public , that their lat-e mansic ^ r , Mr . Jahn Brown , has absconded Mmseif from the Bank under circumstances which have eiei ' -jd suspicion that he will not return . ** T-ie Directors have , in consequence , made a earfcini investigation of the books , cash , securities , and Touchers , and they have communicated with ihelr London and other agents , and are happy to be able to = > t&ie , thatIbcy bare found everything corxeci , - »> iih the angle exception that Mr . Brown ' s own ra- * Q aeconnt has been overdrawn to the amount cf £ - \ 554 9 =. 3 d-, which sum , however , is consider-Ably « jihin the amoHDt oi his securities in the poslesscr ^ iou of the Directors . " Thomas Moansey , Thomas Lonsdale , " William Sowerby , James Heyshajo , K Junes Thompson , Robert Benson . ** Gty and District Bank , Sect . I 8 : h , 1843 . "
Ths Directors and others interested in the safety ofth-:- Bank , being appprrhenare that a run upon itwou'd take place , held a meeting in the Town--fe&U , —aen it wa 3 deemed advisable to wait on the « hopV ? = pers and others likely to have tbeir notes , to solicJ : ; iem to sign a paper expressing eorfidenee In the Ksblliry of the Bank . Notwithstanding this , however , a censHierable tumber of persons have drawn out their money .
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EXTENSIVE FIRES . ¦ The pisi ¦ ¦ week haa been peculiarly and xiost . uu / ortnuatfcly pTolifis is firea , both 3 a the pro-rincea and in tee mefcrop- - iii 2 j scareely a day passing -without the occurrence cf at ksxt frsro or three , some , however , of acch alight extent -a do * to deserts being pnWelj recorded . Sat-Brdsy c ' jfct , the clodBg ui ^ st of the vretk , -waB marled by the moat alarming and destructive firs of all those ihsi hr-va dnriag the vaek eprssd consternation and destru ^ noo in the metropolis . Ob Siturdayjiigbt last , sbonl 12 cftHoek ' , thla latter Ere w-is discovered ra ^ in the tar fcroaee forming part of ths icciEucve premisas b ^ ongiag to Mr . Samuel Bnrchfi -ia , ropy-iBaimZsctnrer , in PenDV *» -fieli ] s , Poplar . ITbe n&uient th « person vrto discovered it bec&ms aware
of tee t-e , he raLsed an alarm , ssd is ths ccut £ 6 of & letr micatas a strong party of the K diviiSon of police irere cs the spot , and a somber of cocKt&bleB immedi-% leiy e * % to ^ rort to endeavour to KtteD ^ tilah the fire ; fait in that tfcey were unsneeeaxfil , for , owing to t £ e liigbly in £ an&b }« nature of the ltock in trade , the flre spread -ritk mnrji ' pg qniduiesi . Information was lot-^* cr < £ w ? to 1 Kb riiff-oant . pr- . ^ fna staiioCB of tb « rofifcror . DiU cf the c-Jamity . With the rfighteat delay pofieible the parish cafiae w » b on the ^ pot . aua also the School-bonselsse ( brigade ) engine , and , caving obtained & ready and abundant supply of -v ^ iir , they were « et to wodt It ¦ was soon . evident , tow ever , from the increasing tI ^ obj and fury of the flaices , that they would not yield to the
power cf two , nor of several engines . Ths fire still progr ^> Irg , the brigade engines from Jefferya » qnare , Watling-Etreet , Parringdoa-street , and 'Wfcilclsfc .-sg . uaie aiatitHis Teaciecl tbs scene , Tritli Mr . Saperintenfient Brsidwood , the West of England engine from the station ia the "Waterloo-rc-aS next arrived , with Mr . Conaorton , and the usual number of firr men . Ucder % be d ! r-: rt 3 on of 2 dr . Braidwood , the greater portion of tbefirs rimed tEgines were got into active play , aod Tast " » as UxeTc-lunie of water that was promptly poured upon snd into the burning premises . Their magnitude was rreat , and tfcei * contents of the TBostisniUble tub-Biances , t ' z , tavtemp , tow , flax , yaro , &c It . ia imposHible to state * with precisiou the exast qoastity of £ ood 3 p : ifcd away in the premises .
For same time after the «^ g » "fp were at work , the £ re seeired sot to abate , it having , in the iuteiim , extended i ^ another buildiag q ^ lKRemises , tended the oatum-lioiise , from whidiiMJ ^ HfifejiExt reached one cf thsyiim bouses , and iM ^^^ gBtey fired another ¦ warehotise ciliefl the badfj ^^^ EK the&a builfiinga "were enveloped in fire , f ^ fiBraTOh , such amsz-Dg fierceneadid the Siespread , astomenacewith destruction £ hs " !» tole of the extensive and . commodions ropevalk &&d btmp stores . Tbc Stszes vere sew at their height , caused by the TE » era 5 ijiJtion &f ths remaining most itifl ^ ai ' mible
snhstaseES , and it would be no exaggeration to say that a larger or higher " mass of flame audnrehas beeu rarelj seen . Soina time elapsed before Is w&s surely asoer-Sslned th » t the entire premizes would not have fallen a prey to tbs devonriug elemtnL To stop the further progress cf tha eonflagr&tion in one quarter , a number of fireaeis nsonnted the roofs of the premises , and cut away the communication , which expedient was happily crowned with success . The firwnen finding all efforts to save that part cf the premi-ea on'fire , tisey exerted tbems « lT 6 S "with great bravery , and saved the spacious berop stores ^ rope--walks , and caMe sheds .
Upwards « f tiro hours elapsed before it was evident li » t tbs mast fearful and destructive of all elements wss succumbing beneath the efforts of the firemen and the power of the antagonist element they were copiously casting upon it ; shortly afterwards ths coiifhgnitioD commenced to cede and palpably dimiiiish , -when the firemen considered their victor ? assured . It U scarcely secessxy to xdd , -that by this time the tar-furnace , one of the yam warehouses , s hemp-loft , and the oakamboussjirerB a moEshapgn mass of burning ruins . The total damage must amount te a large sum . Mr . Bnrchfield ' s loss , we understand , Trill be partly covered by an insnrsDce ic tie Guardian ire-offica Tfce origin of the fire could not be traced . A strong muster of police , jinaer ths direction of Mi . Superintendent Young , kept the fomsnse crowd bade , in order to afford room for ib * effectual working of the engines .
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rushing out of the various windows , and roaring like several large furnaces . As soon as watar could be procured , the engines were set into operation , and poured a vast volume of water upon the burning building , and also on those adjoining , which happily prevented the fire spreading . By a quarter-past nine o ' clock , little better than one hour after the outbreak , the place was almost burnt to the ground , and the adjoining premises were both very * xtensively injured by fire and water . The origin of both fires remains at present & mystery .
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Mr . O'Consoe . has received eommuuicationB from many districts in all of which a vtry great desire is exprtaBed to have a portrait of Mr . Roberts , the people ' s Attorney-General We cannot wonder that a strong wish should be entertained to possess a I / iieuesa of fco trnly amiaMe , talented , and true a man ; and althocgb we know that Mr . O'Connor had detfcrmined to gm no more Portraits , yet wo have the pleasure to announce that all Subscribers for Tim * Months , from Saturday , the ICth of Sept ., ¦ will receive A PORTRAIT OP W . P . ROBERTS , THE PEOPLE S
ATTORNEYGENERAL . We regnesi the several Agents to open lists lor the enrolling of names , as none but Subscribers from the above dates will receive a plate . The price of Paper and Piate when presented will be Sixpence ; and nose will be sold without the paper .
The Jsokthekn Star. Saturday, Septemeer 23, 1843.
THE JSOKTHEKN STAR . SATURDAY , SEPTEMEER 23 , 1843 .
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THE MARCH OF MIND . Fkom the moment that what is called " civilization" was introduced into the civilised portions of the world , the main object of all in authority has been , so to discipline him > as to bring it within the prescribed limits of authority . In former ages , kingB and priests , rulers , governors , and taskmasters differed amongst themselves as to which was due the greatest amount of tribute . Art in those days had not so far triumphed over nature , as to suggest and recommend a combination of the ruling powers for the - perfect subjugation of the ruled ; and the very disputes , discussions , and dissensions , which arose between the " . Lords anointed" who claimed priority of snee , acd Kings , whose power to rule was based
upon " right divine , " Jed the mobt vulgar minds to serious consideration upon the subjects of Government . As u civilization" progressed , however , kings and priests saw the necessity of » uch & combination as would insure to both an ascendancy which without union they could not long maintain . In the " darker" ages , while kings and priests held their subjects in subjection by the dissenrination ' of precepts and doctrines the most revolting and frightful , they were compelled nevertheless to furnish for their own order . knowledgeof fcvery different description ; knowledge , which while confined to their body , taugh ; them the most systematic plan of governing those who had been trained np in reverence of kinglj and priestly sway .
JIikd , however , is a prying , searching , seeing , and discriminating thing . It saw the difference between the precepts written for the rulers and those written for the ruled ; the difference between the maxims by which they were severally governed in their daties respectively , tbe one to the other ; and as the two books were compared , the improving him ) of man began to investigate and to think for itself . For a series of years the knowledge disseminated by priests was confined solely to tho advance of king-craft and priestcraft ; but , as the mtsd improved , the very ksowledge , or rather the
cunning , by which priestly dominion was established became & weapon in the hands of the many , and has been from time to time used as a means of destroying the very power which it was designed to uphold . In all ages tbe CbHrch has been the precursor of reform ; not that the Church has disseminated knowledge with the intention of destroying its own power , or of admitting the laity to a participation therein : bnt the very knowledge by which it hoped to maintain ascendancy nas been used for the destruction of that power which its exclusive possession was designed to uphold ; and thus that
whith was intended as a weapon to destroy liberty has besn snatched from the assassin ' s hand and plunged into the assassin's breast . In no country has this march of " civilization" been more rapid ; in no laud has its effects been more deadly , than in this empire , where the combination , the conspiracy between Church and State is most perfect . The kim > , even in defiance of the united power of kingcraft and priestcrft , dares not only to canvas the royal and aristocratio bastard ' s title to a Grace" ; to inquire into the fitness of ministerial panders , debauchees , and gamblers to extend the
blessings and circulate the divine truths of religion } bnt it even dares to inquire as to the title by which mtnarchs reign over their people ! The searching kiss can no longer be led to make striking distinctions , recognized by the law , between the Rich Oppressor and the Poor Oppressed . It refleots upon the esteem in which the Almighty aolds poverty , and his contempt for riches : and thus recognizes a striking difference between those attributes held in veneration by the Creator , and in contempt by those who would base their title to rule upon " right divine . "
We do not mean this commentary as reflection upon the State Church merely , although it would best apply to its present position . Ii has reference as well to those Dissenting bodies who merely denounce the ascendancy of tbe State Church from pique and jealousy , rather thaa from a feeling of religious independence . Let the loflrrgt order of Dissenters be placed to-morrow in a situation to contend for ascendancy with the State Church ; and with the sword in one hand and tithe in ihe otber , they woHld either woclahn their superiority , or die as martyrs
in tee religious struggle . Hitherto the n » ion between Church and State , supported by the thunder from the pulpit and the roar from the cannon , has tended to the strength of both ; bnt now one must give way : either the poor State must make np its deficiency from the parings of the rich Church , or the Church mast proclaim a religious war against the State—a war which would annihilate all standing obligations—a war which wonld destroy all existing interests—a war whose triumph wonld be the establishment of Church faith over national faith .
In every political move , whether foreign or domes tic , the interest of the Church is the primary conpjf ' eration with the Ministers of State . Majesty , when entering upoa the duties of office , is bound to uphold tbe religion of tie State as by lawjestablished —is ihe bead » f the Church—the Executive of the Church ; and the Church must be the Monarch ' s firBt consideration , elBe will the Monarch cease to reign in the hearts of Churchmen . Now , it is into these deep recesses—4 hese mysterious « sv « rnB—thtse
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dark abodes in which Kings andpriests hold counsel , that the improved kind of the present day dares to look ; and having seen what is to be discovered there , it asks whether the edicts emanating therefrom tend " to the glory of God , and to the good of his people" ? We do not ourselveB dare to answer the question ; but in those countries where the effects have bee ' n inost deeply felt , a combination of minds appears to have taken it into serious consideration . Ireland has come to the conclusion that a State religion , enforced at the point of the bayonet , and demanding Luman blood as a sacrifice in honour of the
State Church , is foreign to the Churoh established on the mild principles of Christianity ; while her priests have not lost sight of the fact " that the title of ao English Monarch to govern Ireland is based upon the condition that the Catholic religion shall b » extended in that country . " Indeed , as Ireland is preparing herself in a most laudable manner to assert a portion of her rights , it may not be amiss to Btate here the conditions upon which that country was granted as an appendage to the English Crown . It bears date as early as 1156 , in the reign of Hemry II . and runB thus : —
Adrian , bishop , servant of the servants of God , to his , deare 8 t son in Christ , the illustrious Kiner of England , greeting , our apoatolio benediction . Full , laudably and profitably hath your magnificence conceived the design of propagating your glorious renown on earth , and completing your reward of eternal happiness in heaven ; while as a Catholic prince , you are intent on enlarging the borders of the Church , teaching the truth of the Christian faith to
the ignorant and rude , exterminating the roots and vice from the field of the Lord ; and for the more convenient execution of this pnrpose requiring the counsel and favour of t )> e apostolic see ; in which tho maturer your deliberations , and the greater the dis-« retion of your procedure by so much the happier , we trust , will be your progress , with the assistance of tho Lord ; as all things are used to become to a prosperous end and issue which take their beginning from * he ardour of faith and tbe love of religion .
" There is indeed no doubt but that Ireland ^ and all the Islands on which Christ , ihe Sun of Righteousness , hath shone , and which have received the doctrines f > f thfiChristian faith , do belong to the jurisdiction of St . Peter , and of the ho / y Roman Church , as your Excellency also doth acknowledge ; and therefore we are the more solicitous to propagate the righteous plantation of faith in this land , and the branch acceptable to God . as we have the secret conviction of conscience that this is more especially our bounden duty .
"You , then , most dear son in Christ , have signified to us your desire to enter into the Island of Ireland , in order to reduce the people to obedience unto laws , and to extirpate the plants of vice , and that you are willing to pay from each house a yearly pension of one penny to St . Peter * and that you will preserve the rights of the churches of this land , whole and inviolate . We , therefore , with that grace and acceptance suited to your pious ana laudable design , and favourably assenting to your
petition , do hold it good and acceptable , that , for extending the borders of the church , restraining the progress of vice , for the correction of manners , the planting of viilue , and the increase of religion , you enter this Island , and execute therein whatever shall pertain to the honour of God , and the welfare of the land ; and that the people of ( his land , receive you honourably , and reverence you as their lord , the rights of their churches still remaining sacred and inviolate , and saving to Peter the annual pension of one penny from every house .
" If , then , you be resolved to carry the design yon have conceived into effectual execution , ttudy to form this nation to virtuous manners , and labour by yourself and others , uhom you shall judge meet for thlt work , in faith , word , and life , that the church may be there adorned , that the religion of the Christian faith may be planted and prow up , and that all things pertaining to the honour of God , and the salvation of souls , be so ordered , that you may be entitled to tho fulness of eternal reward from God , and obtain a glorious renown on earth throughout all ages . "
2 fovr sach is one of the titles of the monarohs of England to Ireland , and whether or no subsequent invasions of that country have nullified tbe conditions upoD whioh tho ' above title was granted , is for the Irish mind to discover . Whether the successor of thesecond Hkhhy , Harry the Vlllth , had , in 1542 j derived any better title after the Reformation , upon condition that he wonld hold sovereignty based upon the promise to destroy tbe Pope ' s supremacy we cannot say ; but we give the following clause from Da vies , an English lawyer and hired historian . He says :-
w In the indenture of submission all the Irish lords do acknowledge King Henry the Eighth to be their Sovereign Lord and King , arid desire to bo acceptod of him as subjects ; they confess the King ' s supremacy in * ll causes , and do utterly renounce the Pope ' s jurisdiction . " That the Iriah people were not parties to either of the above bargains of sale , is matter susoeptible of easy proof . From 1156 the continuous wars upon the English Bottlers , prove that the Irish people were not satisfied with the transfer by Adrian the IV ; while the fact of the whole nation , or nearly bo , still
adhering to the Catholic creed proves that that they were no parties to the indenture of submission , or to Harrt the Eighth's title to the Kingdom of Ireland . Indeed the frequent demands upon the English cabinet , during every successive reign , even down to the present" civilized" hour , establishes the fact that tk « Irish people have never yet been parties to the abandonment of their religion , or to the sale of their country . And to a consideration of these questions the sober mind of Ireland will now be so directed under the judicions management of her leaders , as to prove the utter hopelessness of a " physical " triumph , over her mental powers and moral force .
To that country and Spain the world now looks for a practical illustration of the march of mind ; while we have every reason to hope that that of Britain will not lag iu the race .
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THE HOLY ALLIANCE OF THE PEOPLE . While Monarchs and Potentates , trembling for the safety of their thronesr or bent on promoting schemes of further aggrandisemsnt , are travelling post-haste from Paris to Normandy , and from London to tbe Chateau d' Eu ; and again from the icy seat of Muscovite Autocracy to the hardly more genial atmosphere of Prussian despotism , —to which , by-the-bye , Victoria is invited by the royal
Prussian drill-sergeant , there to meet himself and the great Northern Bear ; while these movements of crowned heads and " illustrious" personages , plainly betoken the renewed " alliance of kings" to oppose the further " encroachments of the demooratio principle" ; is it not time , we ask , that the long-tramplednpon people were uniting with each other for tbe purpose of protecting themselves from a repetition of the crimes and oppressions which " legitimacy '' has before-time committed and inflicted upon
them 1 We haye no desire to figure as alarmists" ; but when we look at ibe steady progress of Republican principles in France ; the awfuHy distracted Btate of Spain ; the political troubles in Italy ; the arrests of the Communists in Austria , and other countries ; the under-current of revolution throughout Germany ; and the rebellious disposition of even Russian aristocrats , over and anon bursting forth in exploded conspiracies and military emutes ; when we look at our home position , particularly in Ireland and Wales , —where in the one
country the nominal government is morally superseded , and in the other an insurrection against rents , rates , tithes , and tolls , is setting at defiance the " constituted authorities" of the land : when we look to these things , we can understand the palpitating of hearts in the breasts of kings and ministers , prompting " royal vjaita "; and -which visit 3 we donbt not , are but the " precursors" to that " Congress of Monarcha" which we firmly believe Europe will shortly « ee assembled for the purpose of opposing an organlied ( and we trust last ) resistance to the onward march of human
progression . There is a popular motto , " "when bad men combine , good men should unite . " Surely the time is come , when , in the expressive language of one of the chiefs of Chartism : " with the enemy before as , we should measure oar own length and depth , and know our own strength " : when each and all should give in their adherence to tho isaxim : " he who is for ub is with UB , ' and ho wbo is not with us ' ib agaiast us . "
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From the heading of this article some may suppose that we are about to advocate some Utopian soheme , some "foreign polioy move , " of uniting Frenchmen , Spaniards , Italians , &x , with the people of this country in some propaganda of European liberalism . 'Nothing of the sort . Though yielding to none in our aspirations for the freedom and happiness of all mankind , we are content for the present
to take for a motto "England for the English , " " Ireland for the Irish , " aud "France for the French . " While wishing success to all nations in their struggles with tho " powers of darkness" for the establishment of demooratio institutions , the experience of the past has warned us that any interference on our part with them , or on their part with us , would be worse than useless ; and tend rather to the rivetting than the loosening of the fetters of
humanity . We look at home ; aud to our own countrymen we appeal to band together for mutual protection , and the working out of tbeir political redemption . Would that we could summon to this " holy alliance" the long-oppressed yet , ever gallant , people of Ireland ! But , alas ! selfish falsehood has there done its work , and estranged from the oppressed of
this the oppressed of that land I Within the last few days has appeared an " Address from the National Repeal Association , in reply to the Queen ' s Speeoh" ; it embraces and is filled with the solf-same topics which have repeatedly appeared in our columns , in similar documents . But there is one paragraph to which we request the attention of our readers . The address says : —
* ' We expect nothing from England or Englishmen from Scotland or Scotchmen . In each of those countries the benevolent few are overpowered by the international antipathy to Ireland and the virulent bigotry against the Catholic religion of the overwhelming majority of both England aud Scotland . " Against this we enter our solemn protest . It is falsehood and calumny , every word ! Throughout the Repeal agitation , Mr . O'Connell has unceasingly laboured to promote disunion and hatred between the two natirns ; and in the furtherance of this , object , has , upon almost every occasion on on which he has opened his mouth , showered down
his vituperation upon the English and Scottish Chartists . We have refrained from noticing his hacknied abuse ; anxious , as we hare been from the first momont we thought him in earnest , to offer him no obstacle , nor afford him the shadow of excuse for his Charges agaiusr the people of this country . But now : that , advancing beyond lip-abuse , we have ia print this deliberate denunciation of the people of England and Scotland , with the emphatic finish of" Such are the words wo address to our fellowsubjects all over the globe , " wo think it a duty demanded of us , by the position we fill , to denounce , in the Btrongest language , this wholesale libelling of our fellow-countrymen .
We pass by the atrocious falsehood respecting the Tara meeting , content to leave Mr . O'Connell in the hands of the " Whistler . " Nor will we waste space in traversing the ground so often trod before , in refutation of these calumnies . We are * content to leave the matter with the working olasses of England and Scotland , who can rightly understand and duly appreciate them . Did O'Connell really desire to establish the freedom of his own countrymen , and promote that of his "fellow-6 ubject 8 ail over the globe , " be would pen very different sentiments to the above .
It will be no fault of O'Connell ' s , if , when the " league of kings" is perfected , the people of these Islands shall be powerless , because disunited . He is doing his best to effect that object , and on his head be the responsibility . With more pleasurable feelings and brighter hopes , we turn to the working classes of England Wales , and Scotland ; believing , as wo do , that no difference of creed can prevent their union for the attainment of that which , would be a common good toalL
Wo have asked is it not time that the people united with each other for their mutual protection But what protection ? That which results from , and can only be obtained by , the making of the legislative power the reflex of the popular will ; or in other words by making the Charter , law . In the present aspect of European polioy , it is indeed a matter of proud satisfaction to us , that the conductors of this paper have uniformly and successful ^ laboured to keep the movement party of this country atedfast to its political faith as defined in tho
Charter . The state of Spain at tbe preseat moment affords a painful illustration of the miserable state of a people emerging from the political darkness of anoient creeds and codes , yet wanting a beaconlight to guide them in the path of veritable liberty . For years now has thit fair land been rendered desolate by the ravages of war , and its children employed as the assassins of one another . Aud for what 1 To gratify the lust of power of a worthless Prince or Queen Regent ; to forward the ambitious designs of military scoundrels , or the grasping
selfishn ess of money-gorged capitalists , and would-be aristocratic profitmongors ! And in all their wars , battleB and bombardments ; in all their contests for Carlos and Isabella ; Chbistina or E&fartero ; for Ministers or Juntas ; the poor working , fighting , ever-suffering people have been used as mere " explosive masses " , first to subserve the interests of one faction , thon of another ; aud at the termination of each contest have found themselves every way more powerless than at the commencement . How is it that so much of blood has flowed for liberty in Spain
—yet flowed in vain ! Because ibe people have had no defined obj tcr in their struggles f They have cried " Viva Isabella , " or " Viva the Constitution '; the former a miserable child , only now thirteen years old , who is forsooth to be declared of age and married forthwith , to this or that royal scion , as the interests or caprices of kings and ministers may dictate ; and the latter , a " constitution" which gave to them no rights , conferred on them no privileges I At this very time the people of Catalonia are
suffering death by wholesale assassination at the hands of the very miscreants whom they have raised to power ! How different would have been the tale to have been told , if" measures , not men" had been the object of their former struggles ! If the democratic principles of the English . working-man ' s Charter rather than the exclusive privileges of their so-called " constitution ; if their own Sovereignty , rather than that of Mrs . Munoz , or Don Carlos ; of Espabtebo or : Narvaez , bad been tbe end and aim of their countless and heroic sacrifices 2 !
It was a day pregnant with happiness to generations yet unborn , when the working classes of this country pledged themselves to support no other agitation but that for the Charter !—a resolution hitherto firmly maintained , and which all the artifices and persecutions of the enemies of demooraoy have failed in shaking or annulling . Yes ! despite of persecution oft renewed , and oorruptiou tried in every variety of f # rm , we have maintained our ground ; nay , we have yearly , weekly , daily , increased our strength , and added to the number of adherents to our principles .
What is now wanted is , the gathering up of our forces ; the binding together in a legal , and therefore safe ; an efficient , and therefore workable . Organization of the millions , imbued with our principles , and thirsting for their recognition ; the faithful people , whom neither poverty , persecution , nor corruption have been able to sever from our ranks , or detach from our standard . The means for this exist , and are at our command . They are contained in the New Plan of Organization , adopted by the Conference '
We tru 3 t that wherever the banner of the Charter is unfurled , —and where is it no /?—that there the gallant spirits , who " through good and evil report" have stood by the popular cause , will bo tip and stirring , preparing to take the necessary steps for the Organization of the democratic troops , and the veritable realization of the Holy Alliance of the People . "
Portrait Of ¥. P. Robekts, Esq.
PORTRAIT OF ¥ . P . ROBEKTS , ESQ .
Untitled Article
| IRELAND . REFUSAL TO PAY BENTS , BATES , TITHES , j AND TAXES . We beg to direct the attention of the reader to a report of the proceedings at the Corn-Exchange , upon the proposition of Mr . Connob to issue a manifesto against the payment of rents , rates , tithes , and taxes . While there is some freshness in a new man venturing to propose any thing new upon his own responsibility in the Irish Repeal assembly , there is also something cheering in the manner in whioh the old hands canvas the legality of their proceedings . This spree of novelty introduced by Mr . Con sob . will no doubt have a very pernicious effect
upon the Repeal movement ; and was very judiciously crushed in the outset by those who would have to bear the penalty of his folly . The resistance to the payment of rents has already gone to considerable lengths , as is evidenced by the accounts in another part of this sheet ; and it would have progressed perhaps as rapidly without the inter ference of Mr . Connor ; while the press reporters and newspaper j writers will not fail , in a short time , to attribute the resistance to a motion made , in the Corn-Exchange , " the ultimate disposal OF WHICH THEY DO NOT , AT PRESENT , BEAR IN MIND . " i
To these faots jwe directed the attention of Mr . O'Connell 6 ome ; months back . We oautioried him that however temperate , judicious , and legal his acts may be , ye ( i would it be impossible for him to separate himself from the commission of those acts performed iby others in furtherance of the general object . | If Mr . O'Connell , as a lawyer , has discovered that the tenants of English companies , being Orkngemen and Presbyterians , have a better claim to the lands held by them , than those who received them as grants from the hands of an English Government , it will require no " little legal ingenuity to convince the Catholic tenantry of Ireland , that iheir title to tho fee of their farms rests upon any inferior pretension .
"Like case , like rule ? is a maxim that lawyers ar « fond of quoting ; and we can well recollect that when Mr . Lovett proposed a resolution in the Convention of 1 S 39 , precisely similar to that proposed by Mr . Connok to the Repeal Association in 1843 ; and after Mr . O'Connor had opposed the resolution , aud after it was rejected by a majority of the Convention , —certainly not in the same unceremonious manner in which the resolution ' of Mr . Connob waa smothered in the Repeal Association , — yet in convenient time Mr . O'Connell had a recollection that " such a resolution ; " " such an illegal
resolution " such a monstrous resolution ; " such an attempt at the robbery of individuals , " " was proposed in Mr . O'Connor ' s Convention . " Not surely has Mr . O'Connell forgotten that in the times to i which we refer , we pointed out to him the folly of strengthening the hands of the Attorney-Geheral , by directing the attention of that functionary jto what he called the illegal acts and transportable offences of the English Chartists ; His troubles art now crowding upon him . t andi while embarked with millions , he will find that , with all bis ingenuity , he cannot separate his individual acts from those of his more enthusiastic followers .
Again we caution him against the supposition that the present Ministerial preparations will be wasted upon the mere suppression of the passing ebullition . No . They have been too expensive ! they have gone too far ! When the " estimates" are brought before " the House , " proof of service and necessity will be required ; and it will not do to say that * like the King of France ' s men" They marched up tbe bill , And tnen marched down again . "
Sir Robbrt will not suffer himself to be twitted in the Commons , or the . Duke in the Lords , with the charge that they have but extinguished the match , without scattering the pile . The present Ministerial operations are [ intended to furnish an example for the fnture ; I and not as a mere prevention of the present danger . The Irish people will reoogniso in Repeal , as they ought to do a separation of the Church from the State ; a lowering of ] rents ; the extinction of tithes ; a "fixity of tenure" ; and " a fair day's wage fora fair day ' s work ? : and neither Mr . O'Connell , nor
yet all that iufl uence by which he has hitherto been sustained , will satisfy the people with anything short of such changes . Nor ought he to expect it ; inasmuch as they are the benefits whioh he has been ia tho habit of holding out as those sure to flow from a Repeal of the Union . The Irish may cheer ; and England may call their cheers senseless , from an impression that the Irish people do not understand all that Mr . O'Connell says : but if they-did not understand a single word mere of his orations than that " Ireland should be for the lr \ sh" , to that they will attach ] thb practical meaning ; and for its fulfilment will they contend .
Mr . Connor was not far wrong when he expatiated upon the return that tbe people were now beginning to expect for the bestowal of their hardearned pence ; and the more freely they give them the stronger will they consider their claim for something in return . ! The mere sitting of a Parliament in College Green would not realize that claim . Under the present system of election , the House would consist of landlords , ohurch-lordp , and moneylords : and if the first expectation from such an assembly was not realized , the wrath and vengeance of the Irish people ] would be great . Wo would , therefore recommend to Mr . O'Connell the strictest self-examination . We would implore of him to view the question as a whole , and to see bow it
can be most safely and securely advanced without danger to himself , or to the cause of which he is the acknowledged leader . He mast bear in mind that even in the event of the Union being Repealed , he would be answerable for the better Government of the country under the new system . He must recollect that in ' 1836 he caricatured the English Peers as " bloated buffoons , " and " old women in pantaloons ; " and that he assnred the English people that a thorough ; Reform required tbe destruction of hereditary legislation . He must be cautious , therefore , how he leaves it in the power of the Irish people to compare his support of hereditary legislators for Ireland in 1843 with bis denunciation of the same order in 1836 .
The feelers jand invitations held out by the Whig press , to induce Mr . O'Connell to make the Repeal agitation subservient to what they call " practical" and * ' real" Reforms , is indicative of a strong impression upon their minds that Mr . O'Connell , if inclined , oould now work the Repeal agitation to Whig purposes . Those who build their hopes upon such an assumption are but indifferent observers of passing events . They must know that none , save a Tory Minister , would have strength enough to stand with the House of CommohB , constituted as it is ; while they must also have discovered that the ardour of this Repeal agitation has
wholly diverted the public micd from the Registration Courts , { to which aforetime Mr . O'Conneli attached paramount importance . Ha has now learned that in almost every instance the liberal constituencies have lost ground in Ireland ; and'that the result of a { general election would bo a manifest weakening of his Parliamentary power . To us this is rather , matter of joy than of Borrow ; inasmuch as we hive long been of opinion that from Parliament bo hope could be entertained ; aud that of all contaminating influences , of all jobbing factions , of all reckless and unprincipled sections in " the House , " ^ hat is called the " Irish liberal" section outstrips , [ and out-Herods , and out-does them
all . i While Irish ; agitation is thus progressing , and whilst symptoms of out-door dissatisfaction are thus dribbled out , as in the cas « of Mr , Connob , it is coasolatary tofiad the English Chartists Re-Organizing and re-embodyiug their forces for the advanoement of those principles npon which , and upon whioh alone , the Repeal of the Uaion , or any other change can be safely or securely established .
Untitled Article
WHO IS THE TIMES'S CORRESPONDENT IN WALES 1 Tats is a question often asked , though we have yet aeon no oae attempt to answer it . We will try . It is right that the Chartists of Wales should know who it is that they have amongst them , with a power and a disposition ( as evidenced by his several sly thrusts ) to do them damage : ami it 13 also right that the farmers of Wales should kiow something of the nun they admit to their secret conferences , to act as a spy over their movements . Who is he , then ? What is his name ? Where ' is he best known 1 Has he a character where he
is well known , that will stand the test of examination ? A " political" character we mean ; for in these days of lax morality a man is allowed to be a political rogue without its being any detriment to his private standing . How does tho correspondent of the Times in Wales , stand in these respects ? for upoa a satisfactory solution of some of these queries will depend his title to the confidence of the Welsh people , speaking in a " political" sense : for it ia as a politician , and as the servant of " political traffickers" that we wish to speak of him .
His name , then , ia Gombr Powell . He was once a Jlaming Radical ; and figured mo 3 t conspicuously in the British Political Union . He is now a renegade from his former principles . His character ( " political ") is well known at Bristol . The Welch Chartists and the Welch Farmers may hear much of him , if they send to Bristol , and inquire . We refer them to bis old associates in the Political Union , which used to meet in St . Augustine's Place . From them they will hear much ; but not much to the credit C politically speaking" ) of Gomer Powell . They will hear something about a ( " political ") printing press , and some printing type
They will hear that those had been bought by the hard-earned pence of the working people ; and that they were induced to place the control of them , for " political" reasons , in the hands of Gomer Powell . They will hear , aho , that Gomer used them in bringing out a paper directly opposed tohis own professed principles , and the principles of the men who had 6 ouoft < the printing materials . They will learn of the trouble that the working men had to get the " things" back again ; and they will hear of the stale in which those " things" were , when possession of them was at last obtained . Above all , they will hear what Gomer Powell did with tht type—( " politically , " of course I ) .
And this renegade is now employed on the Tory Times !! And Bucb is the man sent into theWeleh mountains to worm out the secrets of the Welch Farmers !
Untitled Article
THE " COAL KINGS" AND THE LAW . Last week we called public attention , and the attention of Sir James Graham , the Home Secretary of State , to the fact that in the Coal Works belonging to the Duke of Hamilton , —the law lately passed for the protection of Colliers , and for the prohibition of the employment of female labour ia Mining operations , is daily and openly violated—set at defiance . ' This week we have to report more of such violations ; and to again call on the Home Secretary to take steps to teach the high and " privileged" ones that they are not yet * above the law . " At the Duke of Hamilton ' s colliery works at
Redding , upwards of srxTr females are constantly employed ! At the colliery works belonging to the Carron Iron Company , at Carron Hall , upwards of one hundred ^ females are constantly employed !! Here is a pretty state of things ! Dukes and " Iron Companies" are to be allowed to trample on all law aud authority ! And will Sir James Graham permit it ! Will he not move ? Will he allow the Duke of Hamilton and the Curon Iron Company to set the Legislature and the Executive at defiance ? Will he not assert the " majesty of the law" I If he do not , let him beware how to again tries to wreak its " vengeance" upon the devoted Chartists !
Let him not shroud himself ap in the garb of t » - difference , alleging that "it is none of his business" ; that the * proper course" is for the aggrieved to apply to the magistrates of their districts , who axe empowered , and required , to execute the law . This plea will not avail . MAGISTRATES HAVE REFUSED TO INTERFERE ! Informations have been laid before them , and before the Fiscal of Falkirh ; AND YET THEY WILL TAKE NO STEPS TO VINDICATE the law . " Is it not time that Sir James Ghahah was nudging them ? Is it not time he interfered 1 Is it not time that both the Duke of Hamilton , the members of the Carron Iron Company , and the magistrates , were all called to account ?
Our information is derived from a source on which we can depend . It is from a person for whose veracity we can vouch . We give here his communication ; and crave attention to it . The fact , about the killi ng op the woman at the Duke of Hamilton's pit at Redding , is all-important ! To it we specially beg to refer Sir James Graham : — Carron Hall . —Messrs . Diniells and Hammond visited this place on Tuesday last ; but such is the tyranny of the Coal Kings , that the Colliers were frightened to hold a meeting ! These collieries belong to the great Carron Iron Company , and the
men are in the lowest state of vassalage . They are all under a most infamous bond , whioh is renewed every year ; and the Company hearing that Messrs . Hammond and Daniells were addressing the different works in Stirlingshire , were in such a hurry to get their slaves bouad , that they offered to many £ 5 as compensation for their liberty ; this money however they are to pay back with &ve shillings interest { The Carron Iron Company , like the Duke of Hamilton , are setting the law at defiance . Thoy are employing women in their coal pits . It-is computed that they have not less than
100 women or females working in their pits . The Duke of Hamilton has upwards of sixty in his pits at Redding ; but it will be Been that the Carron Company beat tho Duke , they having ( at least ) one hundred females working in their pits !! How long is this to continue ! how long are the Duke of Hamilton , the Carron Iron Company , and a many others in the Holy town , Audrie , and Coatbridge districts to set the . law at defiance ! Will Sir James Graham take the matter apt beoa&se the magistrates will not ! Informations have been laid against the above parties before the magistrates , and the
Fiscal of Falkirk ; and yet they will take no step 3 to vindicate the law ! It may be said that surely the Duke does not know of these practices being carried on at his works at Redding ; or he would instantly put a stop to them , In answer to this I beg to state that the Duke has been lately married to an Italian lady , and that ho was personally round the works at Redding about a fortnight since , and left money for the hands to drink the health of himself and lady Not know of it!—he is perfectly well acquainted with h ; indeed the thing is quite notorious . Why
it is only a few weeks ago since a woman was killed in one of his pits at Redding ! and though the newspaper . press in the neighbourhood were informed of the circumstance , yet not a line did they insert in their papers concerning it . This woman was newly married , and was some months gtne with' child ! She had been working all night with her husband , and at breakfasttime in the morning was coming up the pit with him in a hutch together , when the empty hutch met
them , the engine going at an extra qaiok pace . The empty hutch , or tub , struck the woman on the head , knocked her out , and she was precipitated to the bottom , twenty-two fathoms , and of course dashed to pieces ! The husband was saved unhurt ; bis name is William Hure . The woman was twenty years of age . This accident took place on the 19 * day of last July , and would have remained still secret had not your correspondent dragged it to light . 'I * necessary , I can obtain scores of men to attest tbe truth of the foregoing .
Will not some notice be taken of this ! Will no * Borne enquiry be instituted ! Will not the ia * be vindicated 1 Will not Sir James Graham sea to it ! ; His Grace , the Doke of Hamilton and Bramdo * is Lord Leiutenant of the county ; ia head of the Magistracy—is BEPRESENTAriVB O * THE QoEBN ** . & County . Pretty fellow , this , to bo head of tt « Magistracy , to enforce the laws , when h « lives Ja daily violation of them , anip || kets the wealth pro * duoed by such violation I Preity fellow thiB , fi > r » Lord Leintenant ! He ought , most certainly s HR of aHmeo . ousatto be the Qaeea ' s r epreseatotiW '
2.*Ral Am* Ctom-Aj ^Nutii^Nct
2 . * ral am * Ctom-aJ ^ nUTii ^ nct
Untitled Article
On Monday mornlDg week , a fatal fire occurred at the union workhouse , Falmouth . It appears that about eleven o ' clock in the Horning , the inmaUs were greatly alarmed at observing a body of smoke issuing from one
of tbe upper -window * of the building , irbich was soon ascertained by the master to proceed from a room that was occupied by a woman of the name of Maiy Perry . On going to the apartment they found it impossible to enter on account of the heat and smoke . However , by dint of trreat txertion tbe fire waa extinguished , when tbe body of tbe unfortunate woman was discovered almost bnrnt to a cinder . It is supposed that the fire originated by her clothes igniting , aud that she fell on a bed in tbe appartment aud set tbe place in flames . An inquest has been held on the body , and a verdict oi "Accidental death"' returned . At East Peckham , on TnesiJsy last , at about twelve o'clock iu the forenoon ,
three houses , the property of Viscount Torrington , tenanted by pooi labouring families , were consumed by fire . His lordship was present shortly after the commencement of the fire , and took aa active psr . tffB / aiding to extinguish it None of tfee parties are Insured . Daring the present week fires have also happened near Northern Burrows , in Devonshire : at Barton , near Tiverton ; at SieJsley , in Worcesterfchire ; at West B ? re , near Canterbury ; and at Bametby , in Lincolnshire , bx each of which much loss of property took place , chi . 8 y in the destruction of farm-houses , barns , wheat ataeks , and out-tuildings ; and in more than oce instance , we rtgret to say , theso conflagrations are supposed to be the work of an incendiary .
Untitled Article
On Sunflay night , shortly after seven o'clock , a fire ol a T 3 iy alannnig nature was discovered on the spacious premises belonging to Messrs . Kdlind , -situated in ¦ WentworSi-Btrect , TPhlteehspel , and termed the City Saw-mBls . The precise spot in -which the fire originated could Tiot ae ascertained , but -when the flaaaes -were lint discovared , they were raging amongst a large pile d timber , smd also in the roof of the engine-house . As Boon as the alarm had been spread , % strong musxei oi polfce-oonstables -were en tbe spot , Trith Mr . Superintendent P ; eKe , and -were ot great service in keeping the great concourse of spectators out ot ihe reach of danger . Information of the onibreakhaving , -without a moment ' s loa-fif time , being despatched to the various fire-engine stations in the metropolis , in sn almost incredibly short
¦ pace of time , nraerous brigade engines were on the » pot , Trifch Mr . Saperintendeut Braidwood and streng partie * of firemen . Ihe "West of England and County tntfnPiM , with Messrs . Connorton and Cartel , -were both reff gale * in arriving ., By tha time the engiaes could be got into geod operation , two larse stacks of timber , 'which vere piled high into tbs * ir , ~ -were completely enveloped in fire , and great feua -were enUrUined lest the fixe Bnovldcxtsod to Mr . Sjkes ' s timber yard , -which contained some tbwi'ands loads of timber , and whose premises were only separated from those on fire by a Siaow court . By dint of nmeh exertion on the pn : t of the firemen , they vere enabled to prevent the further
extension of the fire , and in aboat one hour after the outbreak it ? ti pretty clear the firemen had tbe complete mastery of it ; when all of a sodden , a cry w&s raised teat another large fire had broken ont In the premises of Mr . If . D . Wood , toy-warstonseman , car-. yingon a large trade-& ! 1 C , Whitecbipel-rosd , immediately facing ths church . As stany of the brigade engines as OonM be spared ware lotsotjy drsnghted to the latter bonding , together with the County and West cf Engisad engine * , and also the parish oue .- On the arrival ot the firemen , a traiy anbllnu , jtt awful sight presented itself ; the entire building being on -fire from fte basesians ft > t& » roof ; tbe flaaet it &a time were
Untitled Article
4 THE NORTHERN STAB I
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 23, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct948/page/4/
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