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KOBTHERN CIRCUIT—DushaH , FEB . 24 . Be / ore Mr . Justice Wightmax . Jsmes WilllamB , Chartist bookseller , -was indicted for sa asault on Christopher Thomas Potts , on the 4 th of October list , at Sunderlaud .-Mr . Otter conducted the prosecution , and Mr . Granger tba defence . Mr . Oxxsb stated the ease to the jury . The dtfandint ¦ was well known in this part of the country as a leader of the party called Chartists . The prosecutor was an attorney at Sunderiand . On the 4 th of October , the day on which this occurrence io # k place , a public meeting had been ca led in the Amphitheatre for the purpose of memorializ i ng the Queen on the subject of the distress now existing is the country . At this meeting Mr .
jjxnns as veil as" Mr . Potts attended , aid both took their places on the platform , "which was situate at the lover part of the room , with tisrs of benches rising up from e&eh side . Mr . Potts-was opposed in ^ his political princip les to Mr . Williams , being a Conservative . Mr . Willie 28 addressed the meeting and made use of some Tery strong language , in which he reflected upon the party to which Mr . Potts belonged as being guilty of ifce Mood of the people When Mr . Williams had concluded , Mr . Potts endeavoured to get a hearing but fa ? some time in rain . After several attempts , he called ont " Where is Mr . Williams to get ms a bearing , * " when the latter repeated in a jtstfcns ? tone , "Oh , give Mr , Potts a hearing , " Silence being "very partially restored , Mr . Potts endeavoured to
address the meeting , but the interruption was so great that he speke only ia broten sentences . Daring this time some one in the crowd handed up to him a pamphlet , published by Mr . Vfilliims , entitled "The Englishman's Birthright , '' desiring him to read it . Mr . Potts immediately retorted , "with reference to the terms of sale appearing on the Stie-p&ge— " Oh the English-: man ' s tart&rigkt 1 They are selling your birthright at fcarpeiice per doZEn . " Mr . Williams immediately struck atMv Potts , and , but for the interference of the persons around , ironld probably hate given him a Severe blow ; as It was , it tonched his cheek . The great it" 1 ** of the meeting "was precipitated from the benches towards the platform ; and bat for the facilities of exit afforded by tsro doors in the rear , the supporters
of Poti&s opinions would probably have been tenons sufferers . Tola was the asssuH complained of , and though the bodily injury to iir . Putts was slight , it was a gross outrage upon his person , aad one which , in the eye of the law , "was utterly unjustifiable . Mr . Potts had used no expressions which went beyond the license of a public meeting , and even if he had , Mr . Williams , above sll others , should be the lass man in the world to take oSfecce at a freedom of speech , which be advetated so strongly in theory and Illustrated so-well in practice . Personal violence of this kind could not be tolerated -without the most serious results to society , and it was necessary to deter Mr . Williams froni offering , for the future , to bis fellow eityams , such an insulting violence as that which he had offered to Mr . Potts .
Mr . Potts -was called , and gave an account cf the transaction corresponding to the opening of the learned counsel . On his cross-examination , Mr . Potts stated that he had been a Conservative for eight or ten years , ever aDce he had got discretion . Was a member of the Political Union . Was inveigled into the association . Hade speeches there occasionally , and was received with great applause . There -was an election in Sunderland shortly btfore this meeting . Was not aware that any Chartists had votes Was agent of the Conservative candidate . The meeting was called to address her Msjesty , snd pray hernoi to prorogue Parliament until the present distress was considered . The reqaisitioniits "srere principally Whirs . His object in
attendlig lie meeting was to prevent Tniirepreaentation . A charge way brought ngiinst the Conservatives of having tired working men to disturb the meeting . A person , ¦ who ^ as present , a sawyer , came forward to offtr proof of the charge . His master -was present , and said he was a drunken reprobate . Witness did not call him so . Did say he was a discarded servant . Did not know of any men being hired to disturb the meeting . ¦ W illiams tpoie first . - He made a "violent speech , it ¦ was very violent ia its tenor , ttough he mi ^ ht not ipeak so loud , or so fluently , as the witness . Witness ¦ was much interrupted ! Was determined lleasrs . Williams and Binns should not have the last word They had alleged that the Conservatives had the blood of the country upon them . Witness called out
tsnnticEly , where is jlr . WUHanis to get me a hearing ? having psreeived that at these meetings a certaia move-B £ ni of his hands was immedi&tely followed by a total sOenca . TFfllisms said , apparently half in jast and half in earnest , " Qh , gire ill . Potto a hearing . * There ¦ was Dotsiiecce enough to enable th « meeting to hearthe TtpertErs might Does notkrow who handed up tha pamphitt Thinks it was a Chcrtist . Witness -vrva interrupted in crsckiEg his joke a * c- « t the Englishman ' s birthright . Does not know whether he charged Mr . Williams -srith baring sold the people to the Whigs . Cannot swear what was said . Did not put his hand on Mr . Williams' fihouleerand eay " This is the man who saM your birthright . " Sad his hat in his right iand , sad Mi . Williams wns on that siie . The bloT made an
impression on his cheek . There was then a rush tov&rds the plavlcrm . Did not know that this was caused by the supposition that the-sioiEishad assaulted Mr . Williama Did cot say he -arvuid be . torn limb from limb , feut he vrould be heard . Understands that Mr . Willkms Las been convicted of sedition , and is under recttzursaECtB tokeepUie peace . He repeatedly declared he had bo-wiih they should be estrested , but the contrary . Does not know -what his future instructions cay be now that he has been forced into court . Baa instructed his counsel to mote to estreat the reeogssstu in case of a conviction , Three other witnesses were called to prove the assault AD aw Wailana apparently in the act of stiiking tt toe prosecutor , but one only eculd say that the blow reached him .
Mr . Gbasger , for the defence , addressed the Jury si some length , submitting , that however tolerant Mr . Williams should be of violent language , no ose ought to be more so than the quondam political unionist and oraior . He complained of the spirit with which the proaemiicra -was conducted , sad -wbieii Ttasso strongly fiaplsjed in the evidence of Mr . Potts , -whose object Tra cot justice , ¥ nt the gratification of his malignant feeling in crushing a political opponent . He should have thought that & person cf generous mind weald have disclaimed with indignation all intention cf taking advantage of the position in which Mr . WSnams "was placed , by calling down on his head , baiiies say punishment which midst be inflicted on
him for thiB offence in case of a conviction , a far heavitr punishment ia the estreating of his recognisancesrecogmw . Eees imposed on him for an e-fiecee of a different class , asd totally unconnected Trith the present . Be thought the Jury -would require better evidence thin they had of any assault havic » been coraisitted . The Eett ^ iLg was a disturbed j ^ a noisy one , there was peat ccsfitslon , all the witnesEes agreed that the blow ' ' as , at all events , an exceedingly slight one ; two Seecied to doubt whether there any was given at all . 5 E ( i U ins quite possibie that no assault whatever ha * b « B committed . He trusted the Jury would give the ofeftEdan : ihe benefit of any doubt , and return a verdict of acquittal .
Bis Loedship , in summing up , said a great £ eal of ureltTaut matter had been introduced into tee case , ¦* iih which they had nothing to da The state of Part ies inSunderland—the political opinions of Mr . WEiiams , && jjj ., p etts , had no bearing upon the insteer . The simple question they had to try vras . ¦* betl : er s : y blow liad been etrnck . The / wouid look * * . the evictee as to this fact alone . If they were ^ isEtc tiiE . ; Mr . WiliiamB Etruck the prosecutor , or sirctfc £ t Vitti at a distance from which he wcnld prolably kate reached Mm , it would be tbeir duty to COHviet ihsj defendant , -without any regard to the c ? nstqaencts of their verdict . If , en the other hand , tbey ttotght he « . id not &o strike , or hsd any reasonable den't on the mtier , it -would be equaliy lbeir duty to srquit Mis . Ice Jary retired for upwards cf an hour , snd returned n *> court -Bidi a verdict of Xet Guilty .
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EXPLOSION OF A FIREWORKS FACTORY . LOSS OF FOUR LITES , IN LONDON . Oaetf the inoit appsHing and fatally calamitous 6 xp ! oac 2 s that tas occurred in or Dear the metro-PoKs , tock place on MoBday , at Mr . D'Ercst ' a fireworks manufactory , Lambetb-butis , bj "which the premises have been desnojed , and fonr lives nave teen sacnEcc-d , + ££ followirj ; is an accurate statement of the facts coUfc-ed on the spot , up to a late hour Isst evening : —At Eboct twenty rninntes to twelve o ' clock , the in tatetaTsts , -f Lacb-ih , Kennington , Yanxhall , and lie ^ rrc undiDgtEi ^ hbourhood , were alarmed by a lond rrpr-rt ? nca as is usually produced by the igni-Eta oi ganto-irder in iarge quantities , or perhaps
rciet oling more strictly the explosion of gas . This * £ s iriridly / fillewed by reports of less violence of soiad , : i : t ^ cEcitnily load to create serious apprehensic-n Lven to persons lending Bome hundred yards distant . The first repression was that the Vauxhall Gas--Rv ) rl- ' 3 had exploded , and that the successive G 2 schar ~ i-5 were created by the bursting of the retons . In a -. cry few rcisutes , however , ths nature of the calamity " and its sitnation ware made manifest oj a dens body of ssoke Trhich ascended above the houses onllic Lonh rids of . Lambeth-walk , behind which the fvory htd bec-n erected some few years back by Mr . D'En : ^ , when he was engaged as pyrotechnift tt Vuuxbsll-gaidens . It was a detached bmlding , situate in a piece of waste ground , but for which circQit- asco i : is icposfibie to speculate on « ie havoc tint : ars : have ensced .
The alarm haviue ore ; p ^ ns abroad , tbon ? ands of Persons flurried ; o . tr : o spot . A large body of the teetropolitan police baittned from the station-honse m High-street , a ^ d ^ xorctses were sent off to the tariOB 3 nre-en ^ ii . e fiav . ons , a * several of which the tegade men were alrcadv prepared for actioo by tee load reports irL-eL they had just heard . The asastancc tte . 3 prompt and ample , but such was the Mrrpt inspired in all tL&su ssstmb : eci by a report taring spread that there vrere sorue huiidreds weight
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of gunpowder under grcund , that tlje most resolute menrof the fire brigade hesitated to approach sufficieatJy near to the fated premies to reader , their efforts for its preservation tffeciive . An . abundant Bupplj of-raater was speedily ob ^ iaed frbm the main pipef , and seven er eight 2 ar « e engines were brought to bear on the soaih-west ansle of the building , which was easiest of access , there bein- ; at the other extremity enclosed ground , attached to small cottages , the inmates of which fled out in the most * , pitiable coasternavlen , conceiving that the whole place must bo blown np . In le ? s than half an hour , the factory itself was rerinced to complete ruin , and the dwelling-house , in frrnt , a slight building , two stories high , shared the tame fate soon
after . lie discharge of fire works having created sufficient apertures , the firemen directed all their attention to the cellarage , with the view of preventing the expected explosion of gnu powder , it having been ascertained , beyond all doubt , that there were on the premises at least six barrels of that tenible combustible . By grtat exertion , they were enabled to throw in some thousand tous ol water directiy bverjthe cellars , eo thai the ground was covered to the depth of two inches , and ihe rockets and fragments of burning timber , were qutnehed as they felL The firemen , perceiving that there was no further danger of the gunpowder exploding , proceeded cautiously to the interior , and , with the hose of
several engines ,. deluged the smouldering wood that lay scattered , about . Their mxt duty , and it was one of some peril , was to search among the ruins for the remains of whoever mi & ht have aiff ' i-ed . In a few rninntes the charred body of a lad , about 17 or 18 years old , w& 3 dag out ; the next was that of a man of muscular frame , supposed to be Wright , Vhe foreman of the factory ; the next was that of a full-grown man , believed to be the unfortunate proprietor , Mr , D . Ernst ; and a fourth , which so horribly burned as to present scarcely any traces of Immftnity , was the last victim found . The latter was pronounced to be a woman , and ihe sister-ralaw of Mr . D'Ernst , who had charge of the premises . The lad was one of ihe apprentices .
The remains of the unhappy female were placed in a shell , and toe bodies of the male sun > re » , having been secured on broad planks , were removed immediately from the spot , and deposited in the dead hsuae of Lambfcth Union workhouse , to wait the coroner ' s inquest , which will probably be balden to-day , nutice of the dreadful occurrence having been sent iff to Mr . Carter , the coroner for Surrey . It was supposed at first that both the male adults were workmen employed in the factory , but the identitity of the body of " tbe ill-fatsd proprietor was subsequently ascertained by very convincing , though rather curious circumstantial , evidence . Mr . D Ernst , whose privrte residence is at Laurit-terracu , a ctsw range ^ f houses near B&thlem Hospital , was seen to enter the factory about a quirter of an hcuc before the explosion took place He was not observed to come out , ncr could any tidings of him be obtained up to two o ' clock .
A messenger was tent to his residence to procure the attendance of seme of his family , in constquence of which a female domestic came to the woikhonse , ana being shown the bediea , declared her inability to identify that of her master . All were destitute of apparel ; the features were either "wholly destroyed , or rendered undistinguishable . adhering , however , to one of the ^ bodies , was a fragment of & linen shirt of fine texture , and near the throat was discovered a fillet of flannel . Upon these being pointed out , tbe girl said at once , " Oh , Grod , that is my pcor master I" and she described that he invariably wore shirts of the finest linen , and owing to his having lately suffered from sore threat , he bs . i been in the habit of wearing a piece of flannel under his shirt collar . The body of the other man was net so fully identified , Lu : it is supposed to be that of the f-jreussn . Xo doubt whatever exists as to those cf the lad and the female .
The fire , which was net considerable , was wholly got under in less than an hour , but immense crowds of idlers of bolk sexes continutd Sucking to the spot ' until a lale hourlait evening . It was stated that there was a very large stock of fireworks on the premises , which had been made up for exportation .
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HOUSE OF LOBPS . —Mosdat , Mabch 2 . Lord Brocghaii introduced his measure fjr tbe establishment of local cennty courts to which the- trial of all personal actions in which the damages son ^ tt to be recovered did not exceed £ 50 should be confined ; the judges to be appointed ucder tbe proposed bill would & ' . so have a -voluntary jurisaittion in actions to any amount , if the patties should signify their consent in writing to abide by their decision . Thts m > --a 3 ure bu'l been already favourably entertained by tLeir Lordships , and he hoped that neither the lapse of time , nor the change of circumstances , would be foand to have altered their opinion en it The Lord Chancellor announced his intention of laying before the House in the curse of a few dayB , a bill with the same object as that which Lord Brougham bad introduced . Including that draught in by Lord Cottenbam , therefore , there woald then bs three bills upon thfr subject at once before thtir Lordships . Lord Campbell briefly expresses bis hcp < that the country wonld not be left much longer without local courts for the adminstration of cbt ^ p justice ; and the House then adjourned .
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2 KB . FSSRAND'S SPEECH . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Thubsdat , Fee . 24 . In on * last week ' s third eo : ion we gave a very condensed report of the proceedings in the House of Commons on Thursday week ; ' . hv . csceJJent speech of Mr . Ferrand , however , ct-mpels us to reprint it at length . After the House had bet-n 3 SdrePsed by several Hononrable Member .-, Mr . FERRAND rose , and was greeted with ircmei ; dous cheering . He said—It -would be great folly and ingratitude in me were I to take advantaf e 11 the kind indulgence which has always been shown me by tfce Houss , and inflict a long speech upon you at this late stage of the debate ; bnt I trust you will give me a bearing for a few moments , when you recollect that for the last few
days I have been the object ut which nearly all the Hon . Gentlemen opposite have hurled their pointless daits—( cheerp . ) I am happy to Bay that , cltithed in the mantle cf truth , I have cume through the onesided War EDsratfced and unharmed—( cheerA ) It is true the Hon . Earonei the Member for the Tower Hamlets came down tfce night after I had addressed the House , and said , — " Even had I Use ability to reply to the speech of the Membar for Knaresborough , I do not taink I should have the inclination , for though his speeches may amuse the House , tbey are more calculated to damage the Bight Hod . Baronet 2 nd the party behind him . I , therefore , make » present of him to t * ie Bight Hod . Baronet . I will leave him in the hands of the Right Hor . Barcuet , and wish him joy of
him . " ( Laughter . ) Sir , I will support the liight Hf > r . H ^ r . SiTOEet "when I can conscientiously do so , and ruy support "will f-o givon without any hope of reward cr expectation of an hem ur as liigh aa tliat bfeit- '~ £ < i upon a gallant ufiictr beicsr me ( Sir H . BardinueT fOr many years c ? toil in the service of his country— ichfcer ? . )—and for tke loss of linab -which be has sustained—( cheers j—un honour which w as bestowed upon ilis ; Her . Member for tbe Tower Hamlets , fur ¦ w hat services I know not , by the lite eeJf-decy ; ng copatronage Government . ( Cbatis . ) Then , Sir , next cametbe r . ttack cf the Hob . Member for Sheffield ( Mr . Ward ) . With th = t blushing modesty —( lond lighter )—for which he is conspicuous— -with tbat positive authority by which he has h \ come notorious— ( roais of
laaghter)—Jie declared that my speech was one rf scandalous levity . Then fsliowed the Hon . Member for Wreombe ( Mr . Bemal ) , and he told the House teat my speech was one of bombastie declamation . ( Lauehttr . ) Wow , 1 quarrel with neither of theflon . Members . I shall ' cave them t-o ftttle the dispute as best they may . contenting myself with offering up a fervent prayer that it may be settled amicably , iLaughter . ) My next assailant was tbe Hon . Member for Salford ( Mr . Brotherton ) . I ask tha indulgence of the heu 5 e far a moment , -r ebiie I d'jfend nTyself from ana ixprse a most despicable qaitble—jcheers . ) The Hen . Member , speaking of xty Eoeech , said , " If I am to judce of tha correctness ot bis speech by what I know t « be uctrue , I sbnU not vrilua it verv iiigbjy . I know that there are some
statements that are entirely des-t tute cf fcustiatioa . " - It will be remembered tfcBt I stated in a former sper-cb , that the Hon . Memtsr for Stockport ( Mr . Cobden ) -worked bis mills night and day . The Hon . Member for Salford eaid , "hespoke from his own knowledge when he said , tbe Hon . Member for Stockport never had a mill in Ma life" — -cheers . ) 1 instantly gave my authority up to the House—( cries of "No , no . "; I placed my kuthori . ty in ihe hands of the Hi > n » , and said if the name were demanded 1 wou : d instantly give is , but 1 ¦ was met with a general cry of Ho , " from this side of the Housed -which "was most generously responded to from yours . In a f « w minutes after tbe Horr . Member for Salford left the House I followed him , and offered
him the name cf ir : y authority , to shew him the letter , and tc give him the date &nd tbe name of tbe place from -which it came . The Hor . Member laughed in his tjuifet way , and Eaid , " But , we call them print-¦ works in Lancashire , not milla"' —ilond crieB of Oh , oh !' ) But , in juetieo to siy authority , I trust the Hcuse -will indulge me by allowing me to read four lilies from a letter I have received from my correspondent tirce . He £ ays— " I Eotice in the paper this evening that tho Rev . Mr . Brother ton— Uoud Jauehter }—has contradicted your statement of Cobden working his miils night and . day ; but I know they ¦ wm bo ^ deny -working his priatw « rks near Chorley night and day , nd I have no dcubt he is doing so at
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tne present" Sir , I now come to what fell from thy Hon . Member for Westminster ( Mr . Leads *); ha sa ' . d I made an incendiary -speech . What , that fr ^ tu thu Hon . Member for Westminster , tae champion for the liberties of the people ?—( laughter . )—That from the Hon . Member , who asserted that there was nothing bui class legislation in this House , and that the working classes are not represented at alL Isittobe bornstnat I may not here assert as I am instructed by them to do—that I may not assert that the work'ng classes an convinced that the Corn Lsnrs are not the causo of the distress under "which they labour , fcut thatic is tan persecution which they suffer from their masters . But , said the Hon . Member for Westminster , if what 1 asserted were true , then it was my duty to move for •>
Committee . Sir , I say that the House has been in Committee many days— - ( a laugL)—and I distinctly bring the charge against those manufacturers before those gentlemen , calling themselves of the anti-Corn Law League . Who denies my assertion ? It is- true the Hon . Member fqr Salford did eo ; but who else ? He stands alone . Those gentlemen out of doors say they will treat me with contempt ; but have not my statements caused a sensation throughout the length and breadth of the land ?—( cheers and laughter . )—Yes , I will tell the Hon . Member for Wycombe that that is true . They have destroyed tho anti-Corn Law League—( laughter . ] Tou may laugh , but my statements bare destroyed yon . I have forced you to join with the Chartists— ( cheers )—it was tho only-way left you
by which you could continue the unholy and selfiVn agitation you have earried on for years . ( Cheers . ) You have coalesced with those who hate you in tbeir heaits-( Cheers . ) I can prove that ; and if you urge them on to rebellion , as you have been trying to do —( cheers , laughter , and uproar )—I warn you that their first oufcbnrrt -will be to plunge tbe knifd in the bosems of their oppressors . ( Cheers . ) Let me assure you that if you goad them on , there is lufflctent force and strength in tbe country to make you quail before it ( Cheers . ) Now , Sir , I would call the atteutien of the Hon . Member , in Westminster to a letter I have received from a poor working man ; and perhaps the House will oblige me by allowing me to read a few lines from it . ( " Read all . ' ) I shall do so with pleasure . My
correspondent S 3 ys— " Sir , —I hope when you have read this you will pardon the liberty I have taken in addressing it to you . The speech which you delivered on Monday haB caused more Bensation than any that was made during the whole debate ; because wo all have witnessed similar transactions to those you then related , and many / working men have experienced worse treatment than you have described . Nobcdy has ventured hereto deny your assertions . The rooms cf the Leeds Operative Conservative Society were besieged by strangers anxieu 3 to ha . Te a peep at The Times of Tuesday , all of whom confirmed your statejnentj . The " Leaguers" are raging at their exposure . But I should not have troubled you had not Mr . Berntil doubted your statements respecting the Anti-Corn Law
petitions . Why , in L « eds , on several occasions , the Leaguers hive been defeated by the Chartists at public meetings . The very number of signatures ta the petitions proves them to be forgeries . In the township of Leeds , which contains about S 7 . 000 inhabitants , it is said that no less than 43 , 000 signatures have been obtained , and in the whole borough , iineluding the women ' s petition , 23 , 000 ) no less than 66 , 000 signatures , or nearly tbe half of the population of all ages Besides this fact ( I have a rather extended circle of acquaintance ) I meet with numbers who are indiff <; r&r . t to , numbers who are positively opposed to , the Whig scheme—rumbers who are favourable to the repeal , -who -will not sign any petition whatever . The petitions have been hawked round the machine shops
and factories . They have been placed in all parts of the town ; men have been engaged to go from house to house with cheap-bread petitions . One young man , by same R <> bt . Whitehead , who came to work in the same room as myself the day after the petitions were closed , informed me that from Monday morning to Tuesday noon he procured 850 names , for 'which he was paid 8 s . 6 d ., at the rate of Is . a 100 . In one yard , which tbe printed statistics of tfee borough states to contain thirtyfour houses , this man says he obtained near 300 names . This man is a repealer , and a pretty fair informed man , and no doubt could tell how hundreds of sham signatures were obtained . I could fill sheets -with incidents ¦ which have been related to me , but I forbear , merely assuring these are facts which I can prove . ' Sir , i
cave another letter from another correspondent . ( Criea of *• name , name . " ] No , I wiil not give the name new , but I will give it to any Hon . Member who will apply tome when tbe House is up . He sr . ya , "In all tbe pa > t 3 of the manufacturing districts in which I have been . I have heard the' workies * declare that It is truth you have told them in the House , and that if you ¦ wanted any to corroborate what you have said , you might have hundreds of thousands to affirm it . I will now put you in possession of a fact in the way and manner in which the Corn Law League manufacture their petitions . The other day I called upon one Kiunufac ' urer to ask him to sign the petition in favour of tho Ten Hours' Bill . Ho was in a room fliitrd with power-leoms , anrl be heard me say '
petition ; ' he instantly said Yes / find went across the yard into his counting-house , and lifted up tho lid of his desk , took out a petition , and said , ' , you see , I think I hava done it pretty well . I have varied my hand as much as possible , and I havo put them all doTJn , for I have taken them out of the wage-book . '" JTow vrhat think yen of the manner in which your pet . t : or > s arc got up ? Sir , in detailiug the misery , the plunder , and tbe robber ? that is committed upon the poor working man by the manufacturers belonging to the Anti-Corn Law League , I am prepared to prove that tbey used the truck system as one of the rn ' gines of their destruction . I will now read to the house a ststameut that will make you stand aghast . ( Laughter . )
"ibs . it will bave that effect upon any Hon . Member who has a heart to feel for the suffering of the poor . 1 'wish tbe Uouss V > remember that I never did charge these crimes upon the "whole manufacturers of the country , but I distinctly charge them upon those manufacturers who ate members of the Anti-Corn Law Ltasur . I know many manufacturers in my own neighbourhood who are men of the kindest naturea , but they tell me that they oronc-t compete withtaose manufacturers whe are connected with the League , because they paid their labourers in money , while the Leagners paid theirs upon the truck system . I -will tell the Hen Member for Manchester , who defended the inanufao * turers ¦¦¦¦ '¦ "
Mr . M . PHILIPS rose , amidst loud uproar and cries of " Order . " He said ( across the table , ) that ho had not denied that some manufacturers were culpable ; they were like other classes , and there were bad ones amongst them . Mr . Ferhaxd—I am obliged to the Hon . Gentleman , for it justifies wbat I was going to say . I will now give him a broad sketch of no isolated cases , but of many of tha most flagitious nature whJeh are now oecnrring throughout Lancashire . ' " Messrs . blank and Sm "—( lond cries of " Name" ) I again tell Ilt / n . Members that 1 ani prepared to prove everything which I asters . If any Hon . Member will move for a Committee , I pledge mystif : to summon witnesses to prove bverv -word oi wbat I r . m going to read ; but I tru ^ t
that , under present circnm 3 tances , the House will agree with me ,-that it will not be fair to give to tho world the namts of tbe parties . ( Cheers . ) " Messrs - ——and Son . —— , three mills . Tbere is a shop in tbe immediate vicinity of each of these mills , and each shop is kept by » son-iii-ltvw for his own advantage . The workpeople are also supplied with coals by the same firm . Mr . -, two mills . The workpeople are obliged to procure both food and clothing at a shop in tLe neighbourhood of the inii ' . B , which is kept by his brother for his owu benefit . Mr . — , one mill , close to wWch is a shop , over the door of which his son ' s name is placed , -who is a minor rending ¦ with his father . Messrs . and C' ? ., one mill . They have a bhop which is ke-t . t for their own bent fit . Mr . ——— ,
one mill , near -which a shop is kept by kisr son-iu-law , for his own i > ene 5 c , vrUo is . i ! so managur of the milf . There aro five mora ni lls in this Tery neighbonibocd which have cottages attached t : > them , acd belonging to the owners , and ¦ which are occupied by their V 7 orkpeo > : le . " ( TLe reading of thiB tk-cuHient "was intemii-ted throughout with loud cnes of " name , naae . " In orcitr to make members aware of the manner in which these manufacturers evaded the penalties of the law , I -will 3 tate how they arrange matters . On the Saturday night the ¦ working people go into the couutiug-liouse , -where thty are paid their -wages in money , but inr . tead of being allowed to come cut the eaiaa way , they are obliged to go through a room , in which is aittinsr the persru who keeps the
books at the truck shop belonging to the mill , snd there they have to pay every farthing oi the food nnd clothing which they had required during the previous ¦ week , and if it could bfa proved that one man bad spent even ono halfpenny on any sort of goods out of that shop , he -would be instantly , find 'without one word of explanation , discharged from bis employment —( cheers ) . Hovr I call that a tax upen food—( cheers ) —that I call a tax tipon provisions . That is your free syttem —( cSeers ) . It is notorious that tho masters obtain 25 per cent upon the whole of tho goods tbey sell , and U' -at thty make 10 per cent upon the ct-ttages tbey obtige their workmen to reside in A key is placed in the hauds of any workman who applies for aad obtains work at any of these mills , and it ia -well underetjod
that that is the key of a cott&ga built by his roaster , wha \ 7 ill not let it to him under 10 per cent , for the outlay of his money , nor give him employment unleES he takes it . There was tv ciass system—there was a system cf free trade under which tbo large inanuf-iefcurers were making fortunes , yet they come forward and say the landed interest ; mast yield I now come to the Right Hon . Member for Edinburgh ( laughter ) , who has stated that the members ef the anti-Corn Law Leogne had not used such violent language out ti doors as I have used in this House . The Hon . Member will perhaps permit me to call his
attention ta the langnigo nttered by an individual at a meeting ef tho anti-Corn Law delegates , in allusion to the Bight Hon . Baronet attfee head of her Majesty ' s ( Government I am convinced that , however Hon . Membew opposite may differ from the Kighfc Hon . Baronet in political opinions , they will bear record with a generous and manly spirit that he does not deserve he slander I am about to read to the House—( hear . ) Mr . Q . Thompson says , alluding to the Corn Law ' : — " Cnrsed law , doubling tbe primeval curse , turning tbe ¦ warm sweat of industry into the chill damp of stwvation— itremendous cheers . ) " tLouQ laughter frem all parts of the House . ) " He denounced that law—
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( cheers . ) It -was an impious Ia > f—( cheers ) But this wicked man- ( Sir R . Peel ) the law-maktr , the landed arsf-tqerat ,. had vh tuaUjr nionopoliscd the universal v 4 uunty _ of . Go « l , aud we starve in consequence of it . " C-: . lonfcl Taompaon says , " He ehould himself couBcien » tlousiy , and with integrity , advocate the takii ) g a large r ^ nbuliou on the landlords ; how many woul d , follow Lun depended on them , not on ixmssalf . " . My opinion ts , that if the people -wait till the Hon . and GaHaci Colonel attempts to " take" this retribution , they wiL have to -wait j a considerable ttnie . ( Great laughter . ) . I will now read to the House a speech delivered ct a meeting of the anti-Cora Law League by the Hon . Member who has jaat sat down , and t wish Uie Right Hon ; Gantletnan , the Member for
Edinbnrgh ( Mr . Macaulay ) , . hail been present , that he mii { lit hoar this language . When 100 , 000 men-threatened t j come down front Birmingham to this metropolis—for wl . Ich they received the thanks of tho Noble Lord the Member for London ( Lord J . Russell ( -Lord Qreysuid to the Hoiiaa of Lords , " Sifc your hoiise in ouXtiti for the people are '"• coming down upcnyoTj /* ' " I tliiak I may also say to the Hon . Members of this House , " Set your Louso in prder , for tha Hon ., Member is coming uown upon you . " . .. - ( Laughter . ) The Hod . Member for Stockport ( Mr . Cobden ) thus appeals to tho passions of the people : —•• Their metal would be tried { n a fortnight or three weelrp . -He . had told thetn that the ariatoeracy must be frightened . Were they prepared to niiikesacrifices and to niicl&rgo suffering to carry this
^ question ? ( Chetrs , and loud cries of " Yes , yes . ") The t \ me \ vas nob far off when tbey miijhSi be called upon tii make sacrifices and to undergo ¦ Bufferings . The lime might soon como when theymight be called upon to inquire as Chnstian men whether an oligarcy whiyh ha ? usurped the governnit-nt ( cheers ) , placed its foot on the crown—( immense cheering-,- which continued some miuutea)—aud trampled down the people—( continued cheering)—how far such an oligajchial usurpation was deserving of thtir moral iiud religious support . ( Immense cheering . J It they were prepared for suffering they . .. vrouM soon havo an opportunity of suffering . ( Cheers . ; , Whea the pritper tiin . eab . puld come , be would bo prepared to cet them an example of suffering , to suffer with them—( loud cheers . ) " ( LauehW . y When I
read that speach I trembled from head to foot—( Gruat LiUghter ) I will now tell the House how the luem-Vcrs of the anti-Corn Liw League cpnti'ivo to enhance tiw prica of corn . Are nor ; Members opposite awara that , according to a calculation ¦ which has been ina . e , 100 , 000 quarters of wheat are uunually cousnnieci by the men of tbe Anti-Corn Law League , to eiiablo them to defraud the public by daubiprf their calicoes with flour paste ?— ( great laughter , whicii continued for some moments . ) Some Hon . ' ' ... Gentlemen " opposite d- » not laugh ^ thoy see the mnrder is cu ^—( renewed laughter . ) 11 cau prove what I have just asse ; tsd by tfee evidence of manufacturers of the highest staading in the country , who are prepared to come forward and bear out my statements , ' and expose this
system of roobery aud plunder- — ( hear . ) It was only tho other day that a poor"ia ' ani was transported for seiven years for Belling to the Noblo Lord the Secretary for the C . lonies ( Lord Staaley ) a few bricks for a , cnandeiie ' r—( ioud laughter . ) I have received tbe following statenviut . from an iadivicluai who , aa well as othprs , is ready to give evidence on the subject before a committee of this House , if required to do so : — " Irami nse guanthie 3 of flour are used iu the cotton trade tt > give a f * lse appearance to tho calico" —( laughter , ami cries i . t ' Oli ! " ) I assure the House it ia true— ( hear . ) I assert the face , and I . ask Hon . Gentlemen opposite , who are acquainted with the eotfcm trade , whether it ia not tin * ? —ihear , hear . ) ily informal )!; proceeds—" Some manufacturers use from 2 000 to 3 , 000 packs per annum .
Too ca : : coes are passed through a tnacliirie . in w . likh they are stretched in length and breadth . Tiie interitlow occasioned by stretcuiug are tilled up by paste , which ifl applied by a brusb ,-. Aftitwatds the calico is passed between two roU-: rs , which prsss or calender it . . It then comes out npparently a beautiful , flue , stout piece of calico , Its real quality is discovered in washing , after both the putchr » 30 money and the expense of making it into wearing apparel had proved it to be a deud loss to the conflding purchaser . " I will cow , with the permission cf the House , road an ' extract from a letter ' written by an English raerchaiit , exposing a prncfS 3 which la adapted I » y--certain-manufacturers of bujiri ! , ' up all the old rags they can obtain , which are torn ilp into inecea
by a machine , arid-converted into a kind Df duat an < 3 are then mixed with wool , which is eventually manufactured into cloth . Thfa durt , from its naussousi nature , and from its engunderitig numerous diseases , has been christened by the workpsople of Yorkshiro tho ' DoviPs duat "— ( great laughter ) Tbo zentkjh : vh t-j whom I refer writes : — " Thlnqs are . worse jvncl worse in Huddersflelrt , and it scenis that all is ovar without any hope . Tl-o trade is leavitig thl 3 cottntiy most rapidly . S- — is paying off uearly 200 of hia weavers , because the foreigners are sending tteeaine sorts of goods over * . t v « y little more than ha ! f the
price that lie lias been selling them at . J \ wlsU you could get a full account of this shoddy trade ; it h monstrous , They now put scarcely any wool into their > arn . only ju 3 t &a much as will keep the devil ' s dust to ^ fcthor . The raps , as y 6 u \ bnow , are collecttd from the most filthy : holes in London arid Dublin , und a > -Q brought from the most uubea . ttby regions , infoc ^ etl by tho plague and icvwy epWemic , and of courae they nre full of d ( ddly poison . B - - - S———¦ has had a boat-load of this rubbish , and also bnys agoda deal of the Dewsbury people . When his goods are maae up , the first tiiu t * they are wcrntlHiy split up , and 'hen tho Eame begins . Mr . ¦ . ' informs rue thaV B———
S— : has S ' . 'iii ; out a large quantity < -. ?¦ 'doeskins / . ohargod 5 a . . 9 ( 1 . per yard , wuich liave , •¦ v 5 ta be not worth " oiij' tettiihg—not worth tailo .: ' w . va They will all be sent back from Ame'Ici to ; " - m .-s .:: ufacturer , with a charge of 5 . a . 8 d . a yard : ' : upnu \ K ; -i a iuv duty , carriage , flight , cornnu ' fision , &o . j »¦• ' ¦ f . ? i . !« , of course , besides the loss of tbt > goods , tiny bri :: p yiorthless . If this won't cure liiiu , I cannot ttl ' vr ' - . -. 'ilL Mr . ——has been on the continent recently , j . iu ih ^ ro he saw a small manufactory of doeakinSi' - ' . I ' v :. u- ' : vi wool , no devil ' s dust ih them . The uwn h ;' i / . this season , be beli&ves , had never made ei « , liu ; i : ;¦ •;» : r , of goods in one year . He had tben in hatid .- > j ¦ ¦ ' r for 1 , 8 . 00 pieces , considerably below the prkv : ¦ " Finish . devil ' s dust goods , pretfendins to be of Uu . v ; ,., u- i ; u .-ility . Xbus the r . ianulncturo is lejvvinf { ii- * us ! «• , !« , US it can—thanks to the knavery of our » VfW ' cii ) i ?'< , c > .-y « tous . cheating , canting solves . Nothing cull hhon i'Vi > -Vnavneas aud deceit mora . than this . . Thesstt th-. ^"' urnve
clearly , that our rum is deservedly « Tou ; -lit >> . ;;• ¦> a by pur own villainy . It is well inown tii . t u ^ .. ' Hi :.-nT . -i < rers passed casWron cutlery upon thy f ;?¦ i . gn . i-s f > r steel , until they would not have it giv < : ; i ; rn :-- th « y have had to find now countries to seuct , •* . ¦ t-, V . uud t ' ntir former customers have been obliged ti > r .. viyCxtt' -y for tfaemselvca . Thus cur canting , prola ? - ^ iiig Vuciatiuna , are ruining their own country ,, and cLeating the poor pagans , and all the while blubbering , ; tout ' trastii ;? in Piovldence / and aretryinj ; tomaJcj ; Parlia , mi . 'i ! tbelieve that they care for the poor ! " [ V / hvl . ; Mr . Ferrand was reading thofabsve extract , Coioa < : l Sibthorp , who hs d been conspicuous in cheering t-1 ; o II on . Mem ber in the course of hia speech , was observed , to leave the House , and Boon afterwards returned with a large
orpnse , which he presented , to Wr . Ftiiaiid amidat roavs of laughter . ] I will oniy detain the House afaw jnomenti longer itbe Honourable Gent'eiuan continutd ) , while I call their uttentton to a meeting of manufacturers ^ whicb . vtaa heUi somo years ago in New York . An account oi it appeared in nil the American paperB , and the account I will , with the permission of the House , read , is from ah b ' y . ' e- \ vitnest » . He says , — " It was my good luck t > nftend ; i nie-.-ting of merchants and manufacturers c <> nvt : > ' 1 in the Town Hall , for the purpose cif ' considering tLjbest mc ^ ns of protecting the luauufacturera of the United states ; ' The nuctiug vas coiiipbsed ui' niar . uractavers of all grarifcH . and very numerously attended ; aud a epiiit of unanimity pervaded the assembly . Specimens of cl'ith of
John JJuU ' s maiiuiiicture were h <; ld up tr tha jj > zs the meeting , all in tatters , and mptiieattn by tJie pastr . These were compared , witti ¦ theiv--o \ y « honest domestic nianufactnre , and the following rosoiu' . von was agreed to ¦ —'' That it ia the opinion of this r . !' ctiDg that it , is the duty bfCongress to prt-tecfc the trir . u ;! factures of - ' the Dniied States by aa augmerihitioa of the pressiit tariff ,, to pfohibit , as far as possible , t ' uo importation oi foreign manufactures '"— ( hear , kyar . )—\ will just cdlltho attention of tho Right Hon . Baronet the Firet Lord of tho Treatary to a fact which has tioibeen brought before the notice of trie Hotise , ycfc a most importait feet . It is , that if the Gc * m Laws were to be repealed there would be an iramenso body of induitrious Sabourers ia the Noit ' i of Enalund nt > t unl ?
thrown out of employ , but ruined for over . That ruin would result from this cav . se r- ^ It Jias been for many years tbe custom of the ? ' - ' chief'landed proprietors in the North to let pieces of waste land ty working men en leases of fourteen , tweaty-one , or fourtoeii jeers , at a small rent , en condition . 'that / they shall break up that laud , and repay themsuSvas by the ea ! o of the corn which they may produce from it . Now , if the Corn Laws were to be repealed , all tlitse men niuht bo mined ; yet they bave as much righti to protection from tho country as Hon ; Membsrs opjjoaite lidve , aud they lock to the ( Joverninei't to protect them , ia order that tbey may reap some slight reward for their labour . Thty nevar dream tba-t they pan po ^ Besa such wealth as those geutlemen j they aay , « 'Livo and let live , " that is
all they aspire to . Thenwhy refuse them such rm offer ? Tbey say " We have let you live—we would , scorn to rob you of your own , and it is unjust , cc ' ueli unmanly , r . ay , dishonourable , and beneath the name cf Eaglishmen , to come forward and advocate a measure , the'object cf which is to plunder tne poor "—( hear hear . ) The Ron . Member for Manchester , who spoke the night before last , cfiWred his advice to the farmers of England , If the fxrmeraof England Ioofc to tne political consistency of the Hon . Membfir for Manchester ( Mr . Gibson U they will not , perhaps , think much of him—( a ^ laugb ) ; but this I will say , the farmers of England look to the laws of their country for protection : aiid when they lose that protection , depend on it , if they fall , you will fall with them—( cheers . )
Mr . BitoTHERTOS rose to esplairi . He felt assured that any one who knew him would be saiisfied that he never could use any expression whicii he intende'I Bbonid bear a different meaning from that which he attsclied to it . When he stated tbat he ; believed that the Hon . Member for Stockport hid neve' ; had a mill inhiB life , he fully believed that such was the fact , especially as he used the word " m-il" in its common acceptation among manufacturers . ( "Oal" ) Ho ha ^
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read in a newspaper an account of the HonV Member , in whiph it waa stated that he had hada mill , but , as he found it vraanot profitable , he had Bold it H ©; ( Mr . Brotherton ) did not ; knoyr where the mill 3 of ihe Hon . Gentleman were , ar . tl he thought he was perfectly understood , when speaking of ; '' mUls , " as rneanin ^ cotton , woollen ,: er silk mills , ; where children were employed . : (^ Oh ? " ) The Hon . Gentleman * the Men * , ber for Knaresborough , himself perfectly well knew th « meaning that was generally attached to the word " millB . " ( " Qh : ! '' ) He ( Mr . Brotherton ) had enters tain ' ed ' no wish to deceive the House , and if he hacl made use of any expression calouiated to convey a wrong idea , he would havo no htaitation in tit- '' . once Ktractln ? it—( hear , and a . laugh . ) He believed at tho
time what he said , '' - . and t&tugfi the : JHon . Member hart used expressions towards himseif which « ught . in ' ot to have been Ughtly used , he bad do dottbt whitever , that if the name * f his corresppn ^ Iept , whose cotnmuaication he had rend to them , were given ; he would turn out to . be oiie . of his own political opponents—one , of those who , he would say , were the meanest aud the most malignant psrty that ever man had opposed to him . He '' diet / not wish to return railing for railing or he could hsve said that he had seen many letters ns to the Hon . IVTeTnber , and the character he had in his own neighbourhood , and the value that was puVtheriB upon his expreBaions ; and he would , therefore . ^ orTtent himself by merely repeating , that in what had fallen from him on a former evaning he had had no iutention to deceiva the House . ; :
Mr . Cobden also rose to exp'ain . Ho said , once for all , he considered Wb position in tbat Hcusa to be anything but one whicib . called on him , or allowed him , to indulge in dross peraonalities . And he could assure the Hon . Member opposits , that ho wever he might inger niously devise partisan warfare of this vety clever kind , he ( Mr . C ) , would never enter into p 8 rBonal alternation in that House . He held auch a cburae to ba disrespectful to the country which flenfc them there , and in two words be would say , that he did tremble for the dignity of that House whqn such language as they had heard t'Jat night could be lUtehed to with complacency ( " Oh , ohf" " Ex-plain . '" ' Order I" ) He repeated that he aw consider the dignity of that House in da D 8 er when ho found such language and such demeanour M they had witnessd during tbo last half-hour , received as it had t ; een- —( " oh ! " ) -ereceived as it had been , with such complacency by the Right Hon . Gsntlemen on tie Treasury tench , and so cheered by Hon . Members behind them —( hear , and laughter . )
Mr . Hindl&y , Mr . Gill , and Mr . Fielden , shortly addressed the House . 7 ¦ ; : ' ¦ Mr . Vii-liers tbeD replied , denyinj ? the imputatiotis which had been thrown upon the manufacturers by the Hon . Member fov Knareaborovigh | Mr . Ferrand ) . The speech which the Hon . Member made ha 4 been received With a glee and satisfaction which he had never b&fore witnessed Id that house , aud this circumstance gave a decided character to the question before tho House for the division would not know turn ou the motion before
the committee , but it would be a divisi .-m between those who entertained the sama Views of the miinufacturera of this country as tho Hon Member , and these who held different opinions—( hear . ) Aa no dissentient had been expressed on tne opposite side to the statements of the Hon . Member , he conceivod that those who constituted the majority against his motion would identify thems-ilve 3 with the views of the Hon . Me « iber —( cheers and-laughter .. ) : The Hon . Member had Vaid that every petition presented against the Com Laws had been paid for—( " No , no . " ) . ¦
¦ Mr . Ferbaxd denied that he bad made such a statement . . ' Mr . Tilliers cohtinci . As the Hon . Member dented he tie had ever used those words , he [ Sit . Villiers ) acknowledged , or at least the Hon . Member acknowledged , that he had not employed such lapguaga . buthe rep « atsd again that the Hon . Member said , that all the petitions against the Cora Laws fiad beeni paid for—( hear , hear , and cries " no , " ) The Hon . Member made nnother statemonfc whicii he ( Mr . Villiers ) denied , viz ., —that the working classes were ' not-against .. the Corn Laws . This was a vile calnmijy on thS working classes ; and ha ( Mr . yilHers ) should not have mooted this question year after year with * ut having ascertained that the working classes felt intensely on tB 0 subject—( hear , hear . ) He prssamatJ the Hon . MemJier was prepared to prove those charges ; of plunder , robbery and fraud he hart made against the manufacttirerH . Mr . FEEBAK 0 .--Dacidedly >
. Mr . VJLLiERS understood that the Hon . Member was prepRrert to pruyo these charges against the manuracturtira of Eogland— - ( " No , no"j—at least against tli' . so who Ii 34 subscribed to the association agaiDst the Corn . Laws—( hear , hear ) These charges could not res > They were made ngainst certain persons engaged in manufactures whose names and circumstances wfete"known , nnd it was tho duty of . those who cheered the Hoi . Member to insist on the Honi Member establishing ; hia charjras—( cheers . ) He ( Mr . yilliers ) considered tbeniselves jaatlfled / in bringing fotwatd the pressat motion by tbe concession which the Right Hon . Baronet opposite harl made on the subject , ahd he felt convinced that if the people continued to discuss and agitate thy question they would eventually succeed iu
carrying it . He felt iiitnscJf further justified in proposing the lnoti-jn ny tho coarse pur / sued on the other side . . No new ¦ thing had been stated ; no original idea stavted—iiwnlcnl cheers . ) Nothing but the old stale arguments had been used —( renewed cheers . ) The gentlemen ou the othifr side could not conceive that an abundatice of food would be a benefit Anothor argument against any atti _ r : ipt to lower the price of , food was that it : would bo highly inexpedient to be depeu-< ft-nfc on otlitr countries .. JI * scarcity bsJioved that jjny charity boy in tho coua'ry cauld be foUnd to venture on such an argumeut . : He was charged , in consequence ofiho motion he had made , with disregarding vested interests . He- ' -wns not bo dishonest as to disregard the richts of property . But when would this charge
cease to bo made ? Wuen were they to begin to cban . 7 e > ti ; o lav /? The charge , moreover , was just as npplicabin against rv moderate fixed duty , and even agaiiisfi the proposition of the Rigat Hoii Baronet , for tho Right H <; n .. Baronet profeesed , to lower , tho duty ; and if s 6 i ; ofthn present promotion were withdrawa from the la ;<« Bd interest , it might be argued that some of the wi r (; t lands would bs withdrawa froni cultivation . fUt-ar , hear . ; The argument cf the Noble DuKa 'W'lu uati ' Ieit-tho . / 'GoTOrcjinant was the only honest on ) which he had heard from those who opposed liii inotiDii . He ( the Duke of Buckingharo ) said that tLe ptopi-i had either a right-to a total repeal , or the farmers liufi a r ! ' « ht to their protect ion *; That was a manly and traiahttbrward coursej and , however much
in error , he could not but respect the stern consistency with which tlie Noble Dnke mairit-unecl his opinion . H « ( Mr . YUliersV coulA understaud tbeir saying , " We will coiiipensate every man injured by taking- away i * rottcti 6 n , " but he could nsfc understand lowering tho protection juafc enough to injure a few * aud leaving others upipjured . He contended the people had a right to repeal , and no ground had been ishown for protection . (" Divide" and " Order . " ) He could not understand the arguments of thoso on hia side tbo House , who wore not gpiiig to vote with hiin , but who agreed with his views . They begaa their speechos by the most violent tirades affaiust the Corn Laws , and a ! l of a sudden stopped fihoi't and said , " Monstrous aa this law is , and unjust , « ud ii . jartous as it is , yet ' -1
cannot vote with you . I caunot agreo to a su ' . d 6 n stoppage ; o ? this injustice . " ( Hear , htar , hear . ) He ( Si r . VilHers ) proposed a resolution declarator of the injurioua effect of the Corn Law , and that the ciriu'Rstances of the uountry now up longer'warranted ita conticutvnee . If that resolutiori were carried , a bill won !< i be founded upon it , and thst did hot exclude the claims of particular interests to compensation that might be iitjured by a total repeal . He was exLrcmely sorry that the Noble Lord below him ( Lord J . Russell ) was * )? oing to vote .-. ' against ..- . him ; b « t he : could umlerstand tho position of that Noble Lord : ho had come furWa « J to act as arbitrator between the pyop'e and thofle v , ) io maiitained this law . But ho believed bis
Ni > b ! e Friend would find himself completGly inistaken , aad bfcfove another year was out would see more clfcariy rvrtii distinctly thanat present the justice of the claims of tha people that the law should be totally repealed . He ccitended that the motion he had made was neither Violent nor unreasonable , and ho justified it by the course which had been pursued on other measures . Thoee vested interests which had been urged as an aygument now , might with equal reason have been started on other occasions . When the trade with Ireland was ' . openecl the people then had vested interests , but tho general good of the empire demanded that measure . When the restriction pf tbe currency took place iix" 1819 ' , the same argument of vestsd Interests was raised .
Sir H . Peel . —That was not a ratldsn change in the law .. : ..,.:- . ' -. . - ¦ .. .:. ' - .. ¦ •¦ ¦ . ' ¦ -. ¦ Mr .. 'VitLiEiiS could only say , vrhethe ? suddeti or not , the people were not prepared for it —( " Qiestio . " ) Tiiay hat ? nJver thought of veated interests . then . The liefoi-m Biil n . ight have betn reaiated on the same grdunds , for under tfce old syatsms boroughs were made the subject of settlement . Tho New j ? oor Law had been suddenly passed ; the discussion on ihat law did not last three months , and he ventured to say that that I . iit * 'h ' ad . ''iii&dc a greater alteration in tho condition of the poor sines it hai been passed than the repeal of the Coni Law would in tire same time . The fact was the Poor Law < li = l mora barm toon good , and some reform of feat law must take rlaco . He urged those charges
agairi 3 b vested interests in favour of his motion . The great masa cf tas community desired thislaxr to be repealed—( " n » , no , ") ---and he was sorry that the division of that night would forca this reflectioh on men ' s minds —that what tho mass of the conimunity desired the Hou 8 ecf Comraoris refuaed . He was -willing to compensate classes that migh * . be injured if Tais proposition should meet with the accord of the House , aid declare that the tiuic liad come whan the Cora Laws should cease ; tho declaration he had to propose was , that the people wished for a total repeal of the Corn Laws .- - ¦' . " " ' . ' y ' ¦ ¦ '"¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦' . ' '¦ . ' . ¦ . '¦ ' .- ' ' .. ' ' - - ' v ' ¦ '¦ Shortly after one o ' olobk , the Committee divided , and about two o ' clock the number ^ were declared as followa :- ^ . " / ' : ' '' . . ' . ' - . •; '¦ - . ' . : . .- ,. '¦ ' .. ' "¦ - . ' "" For Mr . Yilller ' s motion ......... 90 Against it ...... i ........ .. " .. ••»—323 Majority .................. 303 On the motion of Sir B . Peel , Tho CHAHMAN reported progress . The House then adjourned , immediately after we o ' clock .
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" -. . = ¦ — ¦ -. - -- ¦ 1 . ¦ ¦¦ ¦ •*¦ ' -. ¦ . - ¦¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦*• . ' ¦ ' ";¦"•• ' -: ' .: ¦ . { ' .- ' Mondavi F <^ ' 28 . ; / V ^ ' .-. . : ; '¦ : ¦¦ .- ; : . After going into Committee , on the Presbyterian Marriages ( Ireianfi ) Bill , the House resolved itself again into Committee on the ; : Com irriportation Kiea-BUte . ' "¦ . ¦ - ¦' . 'V ' ' - ' : :,. ' '• - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . . '¦ :. : - • . ' : ¦ - ^ " ^ : ¦ ' ¦ - ' ' . : . Mr . WoDEHOTJsE , repregenUng the county of Norfolk , a district extensively producing barley , coutended for the continuance of the existing protection on that graini and . desired , thereforey that so much of the proposed resolutions as related to barley should be expunged from the plan of the € h ) vermnent . - Sir R . Peel maintained that psrt of the G-oTernment measure wliich respects barley , as bearing a due proportion % o that part which respects wheat Ha had not expected so extreme an opposition , frpie the notice given from Mr : Wodehouse , in which that E on . Member proposed to ^ ary the Government measare only by ettacting , nuder 26 s . per quarter , a duty of 13 s . instead cfadutyoflls / :
Mr . WopEnousE , after some discussion as to the form which his motion ought to assume for tho purpose of taking a vote on the question he sought to ra ^ se , acquiesced in the Chairman ' s suggestion of moving that tne : resolutions already passed should be * eported to the House : which would have the effect of closing Ihe : deliberations of the Committee without the inclusion of any alteration in the duties ba barley ; - ¦ : , ; ' : . - ' : , " ¦ - " •¦ ¦ :. ¦'¦ ¦ , ' ¦ ' . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦• ' - ' . : ¦ : ' - : . ¦ : '¦ ¦¦ ' : ' ^ Mr . Comjiin < j BnceE contended that the propocacl protection on bariey would be too low . He
apprehended that at this duty foreign barley would be rmported to an ihjui'ious extent . He wished Wat Government wpn'd reconsider this part of the subject , but had no hope of forcing them by adverse mbvements , being well aware that they were bo * made pf those squeezable materiiils of whicii the late Minfstrjr had been sdid by one of its ^ own supporters to be compesad . Indeed , had even a greater sacriflea bsea required , he shou ! a have had the consolation to know that at oil events it was aakod : with honest yiews ancl by an honest ( Jovernnient / y
Colonel RusHBROOKE , who spoke in a yejy low tone , was understood to desirb a larger protsction for barley . ¦ - ; ' " / . ' ¦ . ;¦ ¦ ' . -. .- '¦ . ¦''¦ ¦ - . '; :, - . ~ ' \ . . '•¦ ¦¦¦' . ¦ . ¦ ¦ : ¦''¦ : Lonl WORSLEV thought tho existing dnty by no means lavger than was requisite for the due protection of tho grower . The universal opinion of hia county was ,-that tee erTect of the proposed reduction would be to f . dd agricultural to manufacturing distress . . ; : ; v Mr . Chbistmas feared that tfee Intended rednction of duty on oats would be injnrious to the agriculturo of Ireland ^ and argued that it was ont of proportion to the rednction proposed resperting whftat He did not wish , however ,, to interpose any practical obstrufttioH . ; ¦ "' . ' ¦ ' ¦'• ' . :
Mr . Christopher ssid , that if he csuld hope , by s vote on this motion , to obtain a greater i-rotection for tke barley-growers , he would support Mr Wodehouse ; but he did not conceive that such a result could be accomplished by that courso : and was therefore cf opinion that the sooner the question could now be brought to a settlement , the bitter . _/¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦; ,, , /¦ my . Suaw apprehended that foreign oats could be imported at or under fifteen shillings , and that therefore the Government duty would be too low to protect the oats cf-Ireland . The great BiaBS of the Irish labourers were wholly dependent on agriculture , and Of late bad beenparticularly employedin thecultivation ofoats .: . •"• •" ¦ , ' ¦ ¦ ¦ - . ^ -: ' ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ : ' ¦ ¦ "' ¦ " - . " ' : ' - . ''¦' ' . ' ¦ . : . After e few words from Sir D . Roche ,
Mr . C . Buller ridiculed the , eountry gentleinen for not yentnrine to vote according to their opinions lest they should find themselves in a minority . He exhorted them to follov / tbe coursgsous example of their great idol , the Dake of Buckingbnrn . . ¦' ¦ ¦;¦ . i Mr WopEHOVSE declared that hia object was only to obtain a reconsideration of . the sur ; joet from Government , ami that to did not intend pressing his motion to a division . : ' . ¦ ' . ' :. ' ' ' .. ' - ' \" ¦ ¦ "• ' ••' '"¦ . ' . ¦ . "• . . ; ' - Mr . Paliher ( Essax ) considered ^ he proposed duty on oats as inadequate to tfia protection of tho grower . ; ' ¦' - . - .- - ¦ :. ;; . , v ¦ - . '¦ v - ; . V ' v" :- - ; -. '' - The motion being then withdrawn , the resolution of Government as to the duty on barfey was carried without a division . ' .- ' ¦ ¦ ' ; The Government resolution'as to the duty on oats being next put . - ;
Mr . Smith O'Brien expressed his apprehension that foreign oats might at the proposed duty be irnported in qnaritities very fcurtf nlto Irian ' agriculture .- ; ' Sir D . Roche eantended for further protection to Irish Oats ; ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ :- ' ?¦ ' y -. - " . ' ; .. ' /'¦¦ : ' ¦ . ¦ ¦(¦¦ " ' - ¦'¦ ' . " , And Sir R ; Batesqn and some other Members sail each a few wor 4 « to the same effect . Mr . Redi ^ gton diverged at some length into the genera ! question between the eliding scale and a fixed dnty . . - . : - . ¦ - . . '¦ . ¦ . ¦¦• " - ' -- ' . ; ' : ; - ' : ¦¦ , ' : : . : ' ' ¦ ' " /¦ ' ! . ' ¦/¦ Mr . Gladstone contended ,-that in the new modification of the sliding scale ; the Government -had preserved the old proportions between wheat , barley , and oats , at each point of the scale / as newly as was consistent with the exclusion of fractional sums ; tb .
object ia eech case having been to impose that duty , and no more than that duty , Which would prevent an injxuious amount pf compet ' . tton from foreign growers . With a few exceptions , both the barley and the oats , of the contineut were inferior to those of our own country and of consequence did not compete with our own produce , even when the prices wore nominally the same . He entered into calculations , showing "the impweticabiiity of obtaining any ccrisiderablo quantities of eituer grain , except at prices too largeto afiect the home mariet . He felt thei impossibiiity pf allaying every fear ; but the safest evidence to rely upon was that -which Government had had the opportunities of col ' ectlvg frcm all quartern ; aatt thlts evidence was such . as convinced him that the proposed dntiea were an ample protection . ; . " .. .- ¦
Mr . M . Q'CONNELL urged that the proportions hacl not been preserved at the extreme points of the scale . He called for a greater protection on oats , though he would admit tb ' at ha had voted for repealing all protection on all sorts of groin . ' Sir R . Peel animadverted on ttifl inconsistency ; maivelling how a member conlfl have Voted a few nights ago agatast all protection to Irian in common with all other produce , "who was now aooriticai about a fractional disproportion at the xtremo end of a scale . Membera opposita wcte loud enough about that insalfc to the country which they alleged to be Involved in tha continuation of mf protection at all ; but they were epually loud oii the other aide of the question , as scon as any protection of their own constituents was affected . The longer these debates lasted , the more was be convinced that the ; measure he had framed was fhtf safe and the just as welt aa the moderate courae .
Mr . O . Gore was anxfoua that Gpvenunent elioald reconsider their proposal with rbspect to oata v Dr . BoWRiNG thought that oate required protecSicn still less than wheat , ; : . Mr . Bahiwg maintained it to bequitc consistent that members favourable to the principle of complete freedom of import should , when the House had rejected that' principle , endeavour . ' -to . procure protection particular interests . ; : ¦ . . : ; Mr . HasEonD said a few words ; and then the House , dividing , aifirmed the Ministerial resolution by a majority of 256 against 53 . Upon the resolution respecting the duty on flour . Lord Sandos , In behalf of the millers , pleaded for an ampler protection . : ;
Sir R . Peel announced , that after giving the fullest consideration to this subjectj : he could not consent to alter the proposed rate of duty . If the piotsction ot flour were increased , the foreign gtoweis who would be . the most- prejudiced would be ptecisely those , whom every man must admit that it would be moat our interest to ^ favour—namely , those of tfte ITnited Sta ' tes . He proceeded to show that the existing proteotion was substentiftlly sufficient . ; Mr . La bovchere expressed his satisfaction at the cleterminatiottof Sir R . Peel . The resolution then passed . : Mr . Smith O'Bbien moved that all colonial grain shonid be -. admitted , duty tree , f or one fear , or lot sonie other period , to be limited by Parliament . He urged the claims-of our emigrating population upon the mother country ;! Uid expressed his opinion that the colonies ought to be represented in the British Parliament . ¦¦ . ' ¦¦ ¦ ¦"¦ '¦' , ¦ .. ; - •¦ " . '¦ . '¦ r ' - ' .. "''¦ : .. : ¦ .. : -- '
Lord SiANtET , desirous asho was , in common with hia colleagues ; to encourage the intercourse of the colonieswith the mother country , could not consent to this propoaaL The agricultural interests , he birlieved , would feel little jealousy at the introduction of wheat or flour from the Canada ^ if it were raally Canadian prbducej but , in fact , it would bo chitfly theproduce of the United Stites , conveyed through the Canadas . If the Canadian l ^ w as tWimportaUon from the Fnitef States should be so altered as to prevent that kind of trauait , then indeed the question might take a different aspect . .. ¦¦ ¦ .. •¦ ' " - I ' ..- ' - ' ; - ' . - ..-- ' ¦ ' ; - .. '' . " ' ¦'"¦ ¦ - •¦ ' ¦ , ¦"' Mr . La no u chere conceived Lord Stanley to overestiinatc tbe pi « portian tf wheat imported into the Canadas . Ho requested from Government some « xplanatioa of their intentions as to ffie iluty upon such impc-rtstions . ; ¦; .. ¦; ¦;' .- ¦ - . ' ¦ :- ' ; . ¦" ,. : ' .: - ; .. ' .: . .
Mr . Glapstqne quoted official returna showing the very / large quantities ' of American corn ^ imported into , and ground within , the Canadas . The same thing was true as to Nova , Siotia . With respect to the question about the object ; of tbe duty of 2 i por barrel , intended ' to be proposed ^ on flour imported from the United ! States into Cauaila , he would ray that it was netthet a British nor a Canadian object simply , but an intercolonial one . The duty in every ; other colony wag 2 a , and it ought to be of the same amount in the Canadas . : ¦ ¦ - ' ¦¦ ¦• ' . - ¦ - . 'v- ' . ' . ' .. -7 : ... '¦¦¦" ¦ '¦ ¦ . ' . ' ' ¦ ¦ ' . ' - ¦ ¦ -.. ' : -:- . ¦ ; . ' . ' ¦ ¦ ' ' .-. ' .-.- Mr . Labouchebe professed himself at a loss to naqep-Etaud this pelicyV which ' "be regarded as % rowe ^ needlein and wanton ihno-vation . / ; ¦ v v Mr . Gladstonb referred to a simfca * arrangement made last year by' ^ M r . Labouchere himself as to East India rum . ' ¦ ¦ " > -I ¦ ;¦ ' ¦/¦ ¦' '¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦¦ .: _ . ¦ ' . : - ¦ ' .
Mr . C . Buller ridiculed the attempt at equalising difivrent colonies among each other by additional duties , likening it is the object of the beadle , Who , . '" , being ordered to put one boy in the stocks at ovSMSt « T [ 'J * ^ . of the church , pat a second boy into another ijGnSv& ^ XTS . stocks at the other end " for the sake tfr ^ M ^^? : y ^ t ¦¦ nilty , " He lecommended that Mr . 0 "Brie £ 3 BBBS ^^" ^ V ^ '•" of pressing tha subject to a division tS ^ HEHBNtH ^^> ¦ : . v ^\ J take the sense of ttie House npon it hi CalMWEPf ^ r . ' ^ i ^ . ' . '•* the ' Bill .- : ¦ ¦ - ••¦ ' >¦;/¦; : ¦; . : ' - ; : - ¦ - ¦ - > . V * mMII $ X&' ? £ & ''? & Mr . Stuart -yfoftTiEt supporteJ ¦¦ ¦ $ BKB& 9 $ b ? jC " V S " '& Government . ¦ ¦ ¦' ¦ y ¦ " . ' ::- ' -. ' . ' ¦ -.. . ' • ' ' ¦ •' ¦ ¦ ' . - 'i MBN& ^ Sf l ^ uf " - ¦ "'V ;"' Mr . O'BftlEH p » 8 Uted ^^ in di ^ cllng V hi TSmSfftm ^ l ^ Wg- " ^ it defeatedby a majority of 1 S 5 against 38 . \< i ?^ p ^^* VA ^ ' ¦ ' ' : ¦ ¦ - ' ' . " ... '¦ - ¦ - : ' - ; '¦ " ; - . ¦¦'¦'' : -: - '• " ¦ ^ r V . \ " " .
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A New Tseoky . — " A new and startlinc theory as regards the natural duration of hamsa life , appears ia a little book , called u The Extraordinary Life » n 3 Times of Thomas Parr , " generally callea Old Parr : this little work , besides the said theory contains much that is instructive and profitable , as regards the means of ensuring tjood health , and all may be obtained gratuitously of any apeat for Parr ' s Life Pi Js—a medicine which is rapidly superseding all others , as it has never yet failed to co :. quer ihe most inveterate disorders . "
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THE F OR yffER N S ? A R .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 5, 1842, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct964/page/3/
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