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MARRIAGES.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TBS POBTB . AIT OF T . DcsceMBB -will be given to all 0 Bi Subscriber * on November 19 th . They will be in the hands of all the Agents by November 16 th ; and bj abont September 2 iib , we shall have sufficient of Dancombe's printed to supply those Agents who desire- to hare both Plates in one parcel . The charge for the Star on the day the Portrait of Buneombe is distributed trill be the same as the charge for it on the day the Petition piste is delivered . r&B Petition Plates are Dot yet ready for onr Xaceashire Subscribers ; but as soon aa received the ; will be forwarded , fhose for all the other Agents have "keen forwarded . The price of the Slur "when each Subscriber receives hia- Plate is Is ., and no more . The Agents are allowed a per centags upon b ?» th the Paper and the Piate , to coybi carriage expences : they can , therefore , net have any excuse for charging more . , _^ . . ijj ^ agsms who have received their accounts are requested to send the amount due by return ot
P ate , Padih-im . —Fire ShillingE . CeaXM £ KS . Leixh . —Call at Drommond ' s for Plates . JOH . n PHIIP . — Call at same place . 3 i . ii . zi a > d So > ' , CocKEHMOtTH . —Enclosed to Artfcnr , Carlisle . I Holbboox ., Abebgate ^^ t . — "We cannot take post stamps for such sums ; if he wishes to do without pest- . Sse order , send half a sovereign . The plates are forwarded to Monmouth . y ? Wilkinson . Sovir Shields . —Send themby post to this tfflce . JOB IHE NATIONAL DEFENCE FO'D . £ a . d . from a few friends at Wellington Fonndry ... O . I 5 a Ridlcsl , Leeds 0 0 6 Z the Chartists of lee ^ s 1 10 0 the Chartists of Birstal ( light
halfsovereign ) ., 098 G . H-, Leeds 0 0 6 D . Frjer , Haltcn 0 1 0 . the Cbartiits of Holme Lane , Tong ... 0 4 0 & i = w fritnds at a mill in Heckmond- ] wike 0 19 : Littietown 0 5 0 \ " the Chirtiits of Hunslet 0 10 0 , " the men of Ellard , per E . Clayton ... 0 3 0 the Chartists of Tew Green 0 5 0 1 Collected at Lock-wood , by D . Gledhill ... 0 6 0 i
From three fxier . de , HaddersSeld 0 0 10 the Bristol Tonths 0 5 0 F . Gibson , Bristol 0 10 ~ Stockton , collected by J . "Umpleby ... 1 15 " 3 " a few working men at Burton Mills ... 020 Z Entering ... 0 9 0 Z a few friends , Ttanfermline 0 10 ** a few friends of democracy , Torquay ... 0 " 6 6 Z the Chartists of Belton 0 10 9 ~ Chepstow friends ... ... ... 040 a few Chartists . Tonbridee Wells ... 0 10 0
FOB THE EXECUTIVE . From Mr . Colinson , Castle-street , Hnll ... 0 10 _ Ch ^ pstow friencs 0 4 0 FOE COOPES ' S DEFENCE . From John ilarsland ... ... ... ... 066 JOS THE DEFENCE OF GEORGE "WHITE . Frem Bobert Newhall , Jan ., Hawick , a deaf and dumb boy , educated at Edinburgh , —a regular subscriber to the yorthern Star , and a grtat admirer of its Proprietor and Editor . ... 0 1 6
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Iscoue Tax . —In Kendal the number of blank forms is so limited that the commissioners cannot supply the town . One part of the population have had their billet doiix for three weeks , while another part have not yet received these soft expressions of the Premier ' s regard ; and whit is more amusing , the number of applications for forms , declaring that their income is below £ 150 per annum , is so great that any supply of papers hitherto received is wholly ica-dequate to the demand . We have heard several parties state , that with their best desires to fill up the returns consistently , they really cannot understand them . Both Whig 3 and Tories are altogether out of humour with this dose of the state physician . —Kendal Mercury .
A Letter from Cologne , 21 st inst ., says : — " The town of Rheinbach , which forms part of ear district , wa ? , two days ago , the theatre of a great calamity . Afire broke ont in the morning , and , owing lo a dtneiency of water , it soon raged with such Fury , that before the evening half the town was in ashes . Fortunately a heavy shower of rain fell at about four o ' clock in the afternoon , and arrested the progress of the flames . More than one hundred families are without an asylum . " " ¦ "i "" -- aie niiuuut an iujiiuu .
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THE CUSTOliS DEPARTMEICT . —ENORMOUS FRAUDS UPON THE RETENUE . When it is remembered how well the country remunerates the chief officers of those departments ot the state to whom is delegated the collection of duties , and more especially those appertaining to the receipts of iaposts upen foreign and colonial produce and manufac tures , the jrnblic are entitled to have as their servants the most intelligent and most attentive , zed , ¦ without prejudice to any one , the most honest iniividnals . It will be for the public to express an opinion if , when « e shall have brought before its notice the Easy laxities , the frauds , the instances of favouritism , the attempt to screen really guilty parties , and the im-Eolation of their dnpes , the functions of the CoBamisiieners of her Majesty ' s Customs at the head depart-Eent have or have not been fully and satisfactorily idministered . The enormous frauds now in daily
progress of investigation are not , in the aggregate , confined to tens of thousands , but hundreds of thousands of pounds . Indeed , it is said in some quarters that the KTmue has suffered to the enormous- extent ot nearly a million sterling . From the series of notices it may be necessary to devote to this important subject , names of parties high in commercial circles must be deemed requisite to" be given . The names of firms which are known to have connived at these frauds with the landing waiters are ' < in our possession , with all the leading facts and line ; of examination in support of participation , as given in j evidence before the Court of Inqniry , now aittisg upon ! this subject But , independently of the bod-perform- ! ance of their duties by the officials at the Custom House , in protecting , by dee diligence and ample control the revenues of the kingdom , there is another con- ;
sideration , arising out of the long-continued practice of fraud , which , involves the interest and prosperity of the really honest merchant and trader . It must be dearly apparent that if four traders are carrying on business in the aaae lice , three of them paring their duties honestly and openly on foreign goods imported , while the fourth , by a connivance with any officer of Customs , gets his placed in warehouse ' without the outlay of the duty , or by paving i-. finite ' y less through the medium of false entries ( hereafter to be fuliy illustrated ) , it must be apparent that the former cannot compete with the latter , and though they , struggle evtr so hard to maintain their position , though they make sacrifices to effect sales , in order to keep their customers together for a time , still , in the long run , wholesale losses must be entailed upon them by the ruinous aad fruitless com petition induced .
It is pretty veil known , that as respects the frauds row the subject of investigation , many of the landing ¦ w-iters have been implicated in them . The erities of the laading waiters are but little known to parties un-CSEBected With trade , commerce , and water-side busi-Btss . It is , therefore , proposed to illustrate the facts and circumstances hereafter to be laid before the public , by giving a description of their duties , their emoluniEEts , tc . The principal business of f t "" functionary is personally to attend the landing of goods at the docks acd legal quays . For this purpose he is furnished with * " kndirg-book , " denominated under its respective diss , " rets or bice , " the issues of which take place from the registrar ' s office , and contains certain copies of entries previously pissed of imports for merchandise sbcut to be warefeouted or at once delivered . These
entries are of three classes , 1 st , the " warehousing Eiiry , * " for goods intended to remain in bond ; 2 d , the " prime entry , " which stipulates for the immediate delivery of goods , the duty having been paid ; and , 3 d , the ' sight entry , " the object of which is to assist tie merchant in cases where goods arrive consigned to him without previous advice , wken he is permitted to have ihe packages upon the declaration tbst their ccntents are " unknown . " It insy be here necessary , ^¦ ith the view to carry the case out in all its bearings , to observe the opportunity these two descriptions of entry afford to these tfEcers , if they are " not persons of ttnet and unimpeachable integrity , to deceive and ' slafy the returns which , as employes of the cusioma , fcy fire appoints ^ to make of the weight of and duty en meichaodise landed at their respective stations ; the ^ tcrference cf the landing surveyor , their superior , berng required ccly in the settlement of taxes , or in tte approval or otherwise of the value put upon goods ? -ying at the ad valorem rate .
Hiving now mainly stated the duty of a landing gaiter , it is necessary to add that the body is divided into Eix classes , with proportionate salaries . The £ rst class numbers 20 persons , with £ 400 per annum each ; the 2 d class 20 persons , with £ 350 per annum sach ; the sa gjigs 20 persons , with £ 300 per Minvrm esch ; the 4 th class 30 persons , with £ 250 per annum e&ch ; the 5 th class 20 persons , with £ 200 per annum etch ; and the 6 th class 30 persons , with £ 160 per bbsuib each . As in the course of the investigation into these frauds it has appeared that more than one of the Ending
»« ters implicated hare also filled the office of " searcher , " the doty appertaining to that department must also be Illustrated . The " searcher , " to use the technicality of the department , " makes shipped , " the packages destined for shipment st his station ; . it iB a Part of his duty personally to examine the packages , noting their correspondence with the original description in the c facial papers , and Ehould suspicions arise of any exchange or fraud connected with the shipment , ttey have the power cf seizure and of bringing * i £ p atter befcre the beard for irqoiry and icvesfcgsticn . The separate duties of these officers being , as is t ? w « ed ) clearly defined , the mode in which the irre-
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gular and falsified entries kave been concocted , involving such loss to the revenue , will no doubt be understood in the cases o f f raud hereafter to be brought to the settee of the pnblic . The first illustration we offer to the notice of the public is in respect to the importation of silk already under the notice of the Board of Inquiry , bat the charges of participation in fraud alleged against the several parties are so numerous , that it would be difficult to define them in distinct order in the present notice . It is , however , sufficient to say that that the one above alluded to will clearly prove to the public how easily and successfully they have been carried on for a period said to extend over a series of eight or nine years .
The mode which is alleged to have been adopted in the wholesale smuggling of silks , was for the parties connected to send to the legal quays a case of toys , books , or any other French import ot low value marked and numbered , say [ A ] No . 1 , fer shipment coastwise , which , however , instead of forthwith being put on board , it was understood should be allowed to remain on the quay . When the French packets arrived , a " sight entry" was taken ont for cases , marked and numbered precisely the same as those prepared as befere stated , the contents being declared to be " nnknown . " The packages were then landed at the same quay , for examination by the landing officer . Immediately this was the case the former package was recalled , by an order to re-deliver , when the cases by the French packets , which really contained silk were substituted to the parties applying , and the packages of books , ( fee ., examined and returned for , duty in lieu of the cases of silk , the ship ' s manifest merely describing the case brought over as merchandize , and thereby being ne check upon the fraud .
The investigation into these irregularities in the Castoms Departments have already occupied many weeks . The results , we believe , will fully bear ont the correctness of our introductory remarks , and in our next report facts and names will be stated in corroboration . —Evening Star .
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ROCHDALE . POLICE OFFICE , FLYING HORSE . ( Before William Chadteick and Henry Kelsall , Esquires . J ] James Ashley , a Chartist speaker , was charged with using seditious language at the meetings during the tarn out in this town , and exciting the people to riot Ashley said , your worships , I should request before the proceedings of the Court commence , that the witnesses retire , and come in one at a time when called upon ; second , that I should be supplied with pens and paper , to take notes of this case . They were granted , and a seat at the table .
Howanh Raby deposed—I live at Facit , by trade a mechanic I remember the 12 th of August ; it was on Friday ; I work for George Hardman , cotton-spinner , at Facit ; the mill is within a hundred yards of the turnpike road . A Mr . Whltworth ' s cotton-mill is on the right side of the road , near to Bacnp ; it is within sixty yards of our mill . I Btood at the road leading to our mill . Betwixt seven and eight o ' clock that morning I saw a body of psople come from Rochdale ; there were about 6 , 000 as near as I can tell . [ The witness was asked to point ont the prisoner . I think it is this man that sits here . ] A part of the main body turned into our road . Ashley was not there . He was in the turnpike road , betwixt the mills . I said they did not need to go ; there was no one working . They turned back to Whitworth , a small village . I staod at the top of the lane ; a second body came from the body of the people ; they were about five minutes betwixt . They went dswn to our mills , and drew the
plugs . I did not go down , nor did I see them draw them . The crowd was standing still in the turnpikeroad , I saw the psople come back from our mill , and join the crowd ; the main body had started . I saw a nnmber of the people go into Mr . Whitworth ' s mill ; my master told me to go and see if I could tell any of them again , and I followed them to Bacup . [ Here one of the witnesses came iuto court , and was quickly found out ; the Bench ordered him to be taken out of the room . ] I did not see any that was at oar place . When I got to Bacnp , the people were assembling together at a meeting at the bottom of Union Square . I saw Ashley there , in the cart where they spoke from . I did not get near to hear all . He said he wanted nothing but a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s labour . I heard it said from the cart that they were to go to Newchurch and to Todmorden ; it was not Ashley that said so . I did not see Ashley when the people went away . The people had sticks with them .
Ashley cross-examined this witness—He said , I did not hear you say any thing bad ; I thought it was a good speech ; I was not alarmed . Ely Greenwood—I am an engineer and steam tenter for George Hardman and Company , at Facit . I remember the 12 th of August I was at the factory that morning ; I remember some people coming down betwixt seven and eight o ' clock ; cannot tell how many came , I was standing at the fire-hole place ; the people came up to me , they came from the turnpike road ; two or three rushed past me and knocked th 3 plugs out of the boilers ; they went back to the people in the road , aDd joined them ; there were 6 or 700 ef them ; they were going quietly away towards Bacnp . I did not see Ashley there .
John Stott—I live at Mount Pleasant , Proctor-street , by trade a wheelwright ; I rememer Thursday , when the mob came to this town , but not the day of the month . The mills were stopped on that day . I went twice that day to a meeting at Oonfcey Shaw . At night , between six and seven o ' clock , there were upwards of 3 , 000 people present There was a meeting , and speakers in a cart The prisoner , Ashley , was there . I heard him speak that night I do not remember what he said . He said something about his fellow-brethren , that they kad been stopped from work by the people of Ashton and Oidham , and they most adopt some plan . I saw him take a show of hands . He talked about the distress of the country ; and he would show them whether the Repeal of the Com Laws , or the Charter , would ^ benefit the lower classes the best A motion was put , and
carried unanimously for the Charter . He spoke of meeting at five o ' clock next morning ' , on the same place , to adopt some plan . A motion was pat and carried to that effect I went to a meeting on Saturday , on the same place . It was held at nine o'clock in the morning . Ashley was there . He said , if all manufacturers had behaved as well as they had done to them at Bacup , they should have had no occasion to turn out . He mentioned a Mr . Mnnn , who had showed him his books ; and he found they paid the same wages they did six years ago . I did net stay till the conclusion of the meeting , I went up at night to a meeting . I did net stay many minutes ; I cannot say that Ashley was there —( the witness stood thinking ); I think he was there , and spoke and commented on the wages question ; that night it was mentioned that they should meet next day ( Sunday ) , on the same spot and hold the
same . Ashley—Did yen hear me say anything against the mastert ? Stott—No ; yon said it was time that something should be done fer the people . Ashley—Will yon swear that I put a motion from the cart ? Stott—Yes ; the Bense of the meeting was taken by you whether they should stop for the repeal . of Corn Laws or the Charter . Ashley—Were my speeches exciting and alarming to the minds of tbe people ? Stott—No ; I did cot hear you say anything to disturb the minds of the people ; feut to the contrary , you advised the people not to injure any person , nor do any harm to life or property , and to respect the laws . Committed to Kirkdale , on a charge of misdemeanor ; Bail was allowed him ; himself in £ 100 and two sureties in £ 50 each .
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DISCOVERY OF A SPY . Towze Hamlets , —Amos Treadwell , alias Jones , a member of the National Charter Association , and s member of the General Conudl , having been openly denounced by a shepmate as a spy on the movements of the London Chartists , a Special Council meeting was held on Monday evening , the 12 th instant , and continued by adjournment on the Wednesday following , for the purpose of instituting a rigid inquiry as to the truth of the soul-degrading imputation , and likewise to give the accused a fair opportunity of exonerating his character from odium if innocent . Treadwell was present during the investigation on Monday evening , but failed to make his appearance on Wednesday . When asked why he was absent be replied matters were so black against him , that all he could say or do would
not prove his innocence . These meetings resulted in the tmmaskiBg of as vile a wretch as ever figured in the armada of espionage . A starved viper that lurks In the grass awaiting an opportunity to inflict the envenomed wound—a base sordid thing , that for filthy lucre barters the moral dignity ef man for the degradation of the spy ; a perfidious villain who , under the guise of friendship , worms himself into men ' s favour and confidence , asd then attempts to sacrifice them on the sanguinary altara cf Tory fury—a wretch who , in the language of Cnrran , weuld not hesitate to dip the Evangelists in blood in order to eecure the reward of his infamy . Such is the light in which the Chartists of the Tower Hamlets now view the heretofore apparently active , persevering , and zealous Amos Treadwell . The following were the charges against Treadwell , which were bome out by evidence so conclusive as not to leave the shadow of a doubt on the mind of any one
present Firstly , that he went to an Inspector of Police , whose name , for prudence , we most withhold f rom print , and gave him a mass of information ( false no doubt , ) respecting the Chartist movement in London . Secondly—That he has been conveyed by the said Inspector to Scotland-yard , where he remained f or several hours . Thirdly—In consequence of TTeadweU ' s information , warrants have been made out against seven individuals . The Inspector has promised to obtain for Treadwell a larse reward , saying at the Bame time , that if they had half a dczsn such men as Treadwell they would soon extirpate Chartism from the metropolis . Another charge made against this miscreant was that he had coccocted , and endeavoured to put into execution , a plot to deliver Dr . M'Douail into the hands of Government , and thereby obtuin tte hundred pottnte , vh «
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the price despotism has set upon his head . This charge came like a thunder-dap on the degraded tool of tyranny . His embarrassment , prevarication , and Insolent replies , clearly showed the workings of a guilty conscience . The evidence adduced in substantiation of this charge was circumstantial , but so powerful as to furnish the strongest presumptive testimony of the nefarious design of the villain . Treadwell writes a letter to Dr . M'Douall , which he takes to Mt . Campbell , requesting that he would forward it Mr . Campbell ' s suspicions being awakened , opened the letter , and flnda that Treadwell earnestly requests an interview with the Doctor , or that he would communicate with him by a letter , as he is the depository of information which would be of the highest importance to the Doctor under present
circumstances . He likewise informs him , that he has a sum of money to pay over to him , which at the present moment may be very acceptable . Now , on being asked what was the important information he had to communicate ? he said that , returning late one night from a Chartist meeting , he was accosted by a stranger , who told him that he came from Manchester , and that those persons who had Dr . M'Donall ' g entire cenfidence in Manchester were about to sell him . On being asked how he could promise to pay Dr . M'Douall the 19 s . 6 d . he owed him , being out of employ the last five weeks , and borrowing money from all his acquaintances , he said he had written to his friends in Bristol for money , which would enable him to pay
the Dsctor . He underwent a severe examination by the different members of the council , but every answer tended only to make his criminality more glaring . The following resolution was tnen proposed , and unanimously carried : — " That this meeting having carefully considered the charges alleged against Amos Treadwell , and the evidence brought forward in support of them , are decidedly of opinion that he is a base and flagitious spy , and therefore deserves to be scented with execration from the society of all honest men . The said Ames Treadwell , alias Jenes , is a native of Bristol , a spare thin person , clockmaker by trade , stands about five feet fonr inches in height , age twenty-two . fair complexion , slightly pockmarked . — Evening Star .
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TO THE A GRICULTURAL LABOURERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM . In beginning a csmplete exposition of the present system of legal spoliation and plunder , we address yon , as not only the most numerous portion of the working population , bat also that portion the most useful to society . , .-.. ¦ . ,. •• ¦ ¦ . ¦ The first great necessary of life la food , and wifchont yoni daily and ever-recorring aid , society , from the want of this important article of existence , would soon cease to be . In proportion , therefore ; to the value and importance of your calling , m well as fromyow great numbers , areyoa entitled to the first conaideiatton . in this attempt to analizs the wrongs of society , towards the application of an efficient remedy for its evili
Agricultural labourers , yon have snfFerea much from the present system of class-interest ari « tf ass-legislation ; none more so . Step by step have you */ comtorts been abridged—yonr privileges abrogated—yoar old oonatitntional landmarks removed ; and yet you . have hitherto paid bnt little attention to the causes whence these growing evils have arisen . You have nofr been politicians , but the too-willing tools of . rapacious landlords , in their crusadea against your more active and thinking fellow-countrymen , ' until , not only their liberties have been sacrificed , but your ova ancient and constitutional rights have been swept away , and you now begin to see as through a glass darkly , the origin of your downfall , with that of your suffering fellowcountrymen . Yon are awakening to a true perception m- ° , ' £ < mdition of England question , " especially the political bearing of this great subject So , to assist you in your deliberations , to fortify your judgments , strengthen your resolution , and encourage you onward in the path of political inquiry , do we address yon at the present time . .
It is said that men pay most attention to those questions that are connected with their social interests ar . d weekly subsistence . As all cannot comprehend the true value of abstract principle , the tangible and matter of fact must be therefore connected and coBJeined , that the latter may be shewn to depend intimately on the former—in which case conviction respecting the real value of that which otherwise might be looked upon as a mere baseless speculation is sure to follow . Upon this plan do we intend to proceed . Our motto is—UwivsasAL Suffbage , and No Surrender—the entire People b Charter . And , as at present , misery and privation are the lot of toiling industry , and wealth and luxury the reward ef idleness , While under upright institutions industry and comfort would be synonymous , and privation only wait npon the profligate and idle , we intend t » shew- the intimate connection of these two states of social being with the present system of class legislation on the one hand , and the adoption of the People ' s Charter on the other .
Agricultural labourers , your own history famishes an admirable commentary on our text . You have been the victims of this remorseless spirit of class-interests and party . And to show how this process has been going forward , how the small comfortable farms of your forefathers have been heaped together for the modern bull-frog farmer , the " manufacturer of corn , " your cottage pulled down , your commons and wastes enclosed and rendered the private property of aristocratic burglar * , your right to subsistence on the soil denied , with the other manifold evils under which you- groan at present—to show tbese in as clear and concise a manner as possible , and their intimate connection with the great question of Universal Suffrage , is the task we have undertaken in the present address .
Your true condition has been well Indicated in the following extract from a speech of an old and departed friend ; one , who though attached to a somewhat obsolete and bigoted political creed , had yet a heart to feel for your wrongs , and an eloquent and williDg tongue to plead yonr cause . Michael Thomas Sadler , in a speech on agricultural distress , delivered in the House of Commons , October 11 , 1831 , says , " The system of demolition and monopoly , which has , in the emphatic language of the inspired volume , ' laid house to house , and field to field , that they may stand alone in the earth , ' baa left no place for the poor ; none for the little cultivator ; none for the peasant 8 cow ; no not enough in one case in ten for a garden . Tbe best of the cottages have been
demolished' spurned Indignant from the green , ' as tbe loveliest of the poets of poverty , Goldsmith , singa . The lonely and naked but into which they are now thrust , for which is exacted an exorbitant rent , is destitute , both without and within , of all that formerly distinguished their bumble abodes , is of ten unfit to stable even quadrupeds , and frequently so crowded by different families , as to set not comfort merely bat decency at defiance , and render morality itself an impossible virtue . Thither , then , tbe unhappy father , when employed , carries bis wages , which , with the exception of a few short weeks in the year , are utterly inadequate to supply the necessities of a craving family . Wages did I say ? Parish pay . He is , perhaps , sold byaution , as is the case in certain parishes , and therefore reduced to ths condition of a slave , or driven to the workhouse , where be is
often treated worse than a felon . Labour , meant to degrade and insult him , is often prescribed to him ; or , wholly unemployed , he sits brooding over his miserable fate ; winter labour , whether for himself or his wife and children , having been long since taken away . Perpetually insulted by false and heartless accusations , for being a pauper , when his accusers have compelled him to become such ; for being idle , when his work has been taken from him ; for improvidence , when he can hardly exist , he feels these insults barbed by past recollection . " The very sympathies of his nature become reversed : those who would once have constituted his comfortB and pleasures , his ragged and half-starved offspring , ( who cannot stray a pace from his hovel without becoming trespassers and being severely treated as such , ) and their wretched mothevy increase his misery .
He escapes , perhaps , from the scene of his distress , and attempts to lose the recollection of it and of himself , in dissolute and dangerous courses . Meantime , had some peculiar calamity , some inscrutable visitation of Providence reduced him to this condition , perhaps be might have sustained it with composure of spirit . But he knows otherwise . He can trace his sufferings and degradation to their true source . He knows by whom they have been inflicted npon him , and he feels what would be their core , and can calculate how little it would cost others , to make him and his supremely happy . Meantime , the authors of his sufferings are those tbat insult him with demanding that he should be quiet and grateful , that he should be
contented and cheerful under them ! They that havo wasted him , require mirth 1 * Not only are the falsest accusations levelled at him , but even the | feelings common to nature are imputed to him as an offence ; his marriage was a crime ; his children are so many living nuisances ; himself is pronounced redundant ; and after having been despoiled of every advantage he once possessed , be is kindly recommended as bis best , and indeed only course , to transport himself for life , —for the good of hia oppressors , and to die unpitved and unknown in some distant wilderness . And this , sir , is the condition , at the present moment , of thousands—of tens of thousands—of the labouring ; poor . "
This Ib no overcharged picture , bnt much under the mark , and adapted to the tastes of the assembly he was addressing—parties always exceedingly fastidious , and unprone to overcolour anything cennected with industrial distress . As the results of the " enclosure" and large farming systems , and of the downward progress of your condition , We need only refer to the state of a few of the agricultural counties , which may be tuken as a sample of the whole . The report of a committee on inclosures , in 1808 , stated , that the results which were the subject of examination in a tour of sixteen hundred miles , made for that purpose , proved that they bad been clearly injurious to the poor . An intelligent witness informed another committee , namely , that on the high price of
provisions , that he bad himself been a Comnuaioner under twenty icclosure acts , and Btated bis opinion as to their general effect on the poor , lamenting tbat he had been thereby accessary to injuring two thousand | people , at the rate of tweDty families per parish . Tbe I reply of a poor fellow to Arthur Young , the great advo-1 cate of inclosures , ( though under regulations which : wonld indeed have rendered them a benefit to all par- ! ties , ) recorded in one of his ogricultual surveys , is true , ! to a more or less degree , of every industrious labourer j in England , wherever these improvements have taken j place . To his query as to whether the incloture had injured him , be replied , "Sir , before the inclosure 11 bad a good garden , kept two cows , and was getting 1 on ; now I cannot keep so much as a goose , and am > poor and wretched , and cannot help myself ; and )
still yeu ask me if the inclosure has hurt me ' . " Another , and a still deeper injury which it has also perpetrated , etUl remains to be noticed . Not only has tbe little form been monopolised , the common right destroyed , the garden in many instances seized , bnt the cottage itself demolished ; and the ploughshare now drives over many a little plot where once stood the bower of contented labour . Suffolk , has , in the course of one hundred and twenty years , increased in population , including the great increase of some of its towns , as much as eighty per cent , and rather more . What has been the increase in the accommodation for the poorer part of the population ? Why , in 1690 , there were forty-seven thousand five hundred and
thirtyseven houses in that county ; in 1821 , the * , there ongbt to have been at least ninety thousand houses . Bat there were in tbe latter year only forty-two thousand seven hundred and seventy-three inhabited houses , the absolute number being eltven per cent , fewer than one bundled and thirty yeut before . The whole ot six counties so selected , exhibited a result , in this respect , not quite bo appalling , bat sufficiently distressing , however regarded . Their population had , from 17 fti to to 1821 , advanced vpwaxda ot seventy-five per cent , bat the bouses for its accommodation less than twentyfive . It it unnecessary to remark on what class the misery of such a state of things would be made to rest Even in counties supposed by the Committee free from this Btate ofthings , ' th' infection works . "
In a letter referred to by Mr . Sadler , in the speech already quoted , a Vicar in one of these counties gives the following picture of rural felicity in hia parish : — " < Daring the last forty years , ' ears the reverend gentleman , ' four cottages only have been built by • • * , and even these In lieu of tbe same number taken or fallen down . The accommodation for tbe poor is far mere confined tbftn it v ? aa aonje jeaia past
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Ths old parsonage , which I rabuilt whtn I came to the living , I found inhabited by fonr pauper families . There ware also , a abort time , previously , five pauper families in ^ wo , fernj-honses , now occupied again by farmers .,, Tjje . want otrooni , therefore , bos created the greatest dHBofiU ^ es to the overseers , and ha » rendered their offlco peculiarly painfal . For several weeks they have been compelled , to quarter s poor finillF at the public-house , two of the young men being under the , necessity of . sleeping in a barn . In some of the cottages the poor are bo huddled together tbat ^ he sight U most distressing , and the effect , of eourBe , ywy , demoralising . The following is a specimen : — . _;• ... N « . Families . Persona . Accommodation .
1 ...... 2 ,,,... 10 ....... 1 ground floor , 2 bed rooms 2 ...... 2 ....... 8 1 room only , 12 feettqn-ira ' 3 ...... 2 . ; ,... 7 ...... 1 room ground floor : 12 ^ feet square . Two ' kItIs obliged to sleep on the ground fl , or . 4 1 ...... 9 1 room ground floor . 1 bedroom 6 1 ...... . 7 1 room only , 12 fept square 6 .... ; . I : 11 ; ; 1 room ground fl-jor , 2 bed • :: ¦¦ ¦ rooms 7 ...... 0 ...... 11 .. ; ... Different individuals , all females , except 3 youth of eighteen , and a youn ^ boy . 1 room ground floor ; I bed room . 8 ...... 0 ...... 9 ...... Different individuals . '
He goes on to say , ' Most of these cottages a ^ e in a sad state of repair ; and all , with the exception of the two last , which are parish houseB , belong to the lord of the monor . ' He says that he made application to tbe nonresident proprietor ( to whose intentional benevolence , however , he bears testimony ; , and to his agent , but could obtain no redr . ss of this grievous state of things ; as the latter had come to the determination ( a very usual one ) that not an additional cottage should be built—of course giving the orthodox reason for the refusal . " The consequencea of this neglect , and the cuddling of human beings together , is drawn by Mr . Sadler in the following forcible and eloquent language : —
" Not only early and general depravity , but crimes of the most fearful nature are thus generated . ( Hera the Honourable Member related a cane of the most appalling kind , which he hoped would not be communicated through the usual channels of information . ) But not ta dwell on this horrid subject , what , I ask , must bo the usual consequences , when different families are thus thrust into the same hole as a sleeping apartment ; and , immorality out of the question , how cau decency be preserved , especially under certain circumstances , in the family , in such cases ? But , Sir , I will pursue these revolting descriptions no further . Humed away by my indignation at this cruel and indecent usage of the poor peasantry , I had almost forgot one revolting feature of the system of oppression to which they are now subjected . For these accommodations , wretched as they are , the most exorbitant rents—exorbitant in
reference to what they are worth ( that is often , literally speaking , nothing ) or for the little patch of garden ground , when they have any , are exacted ; a fact which has been fuiiy verified , both by agricultural reports and surveys , and by witnesses before your own Committees , and is fully known and undisputed . Indeed , it has necessarily happened that the more the cottages have been diminished in number , the more have their rents been increased ( a consequence which . the economists themselves will allow to have been inevitable ) , till they have at length , compared with every other specieB of property , become exorbitant , compelling the wretched tenant to resort to the palish . for the means of paying them ; leaving him , therefore , the disgrace of being a ' paupor , but depriving him , at the same time , of the reiief he should receive as such .
" I now come to another principal branch of the subject , namely , that which concerned tbe wages and employment of the poor . But on this point , important as it plainly is , time will compel me to be sort . When the improvements , as they have been called , ( and might have been rendered ) in the agricultural system , took place , and the labouring classes were deprived of their little holdings , 'theit coniuionage , and often their good gardens , they were told that tho demand for their labour would be so gieat y increased , and its wages consequently ao much advanced , that they wsuJd be infinitely better ofi under the new plan . But it admits no longer of a dispute , that while they have thus been deprived of their independent labour , that which they yield to others ie rendered as far as possible less necessary and worse remunerated . In summer or harvest , as I have before shown , their work is indeed demanded ; but it is to the winter , tbe trying season to the poor , that I am now about to advert : —
" First , the altered practice of hiring servants by tho week , instead of , as was formerly tho case , by the year , has had a pernicious effect on the winter employment of the poor . The report I have so often alluded to , when referring to the Northern counties , as those in which the condition of the poor is still compartatively comfortable , should have . stated , ( had tbe committee known it , ) that this practice still prevails in the border counties of England , to the equal comfort and advantage of all parties . Secondly , the thrashing machine has , as fur as possible , dispensed with a great part of the winter employment of the labourers , and all the incidental expences duly considered , without , as far as I have been able to oalculate , any advantage whatever to the farmer , or to the public . I speak not thus as an apologist for the attacks that have been made upon this description of property , far otherwise : but with the hope of inducing the agriculturists to count well the costs be f ore they sanction , ( where it is unneces- ' sary , ) that Which will inevitably distress and pauperise the poor ..
" Lastly , and to this particular I would draw the attention of the House , as of inSnite importance in any view of the causes of the distress of our rural poorthe improvements of the machinery of this country , und the consequent transference of the simplest processes of manufacture to the large towns of England , have had the inevitable result of depriving the female part of the cottager ' s family of tbat profitable employment which presented itself , indeed , at every vacant hour throughout the year , but wbicU secured to them a constant occupation in the winter season . A late Flemish writer exults in tbe
circumstance of tbe winter eoVtage labour in that country being still preserved in a great measure ; and he attributes to that fact the comfort of their rural population . That is no longer tbe case in England , nor perhaps can ever be again . Let us , then , be the more anxious to consider how we may compensate this great and necessary class of the community , fcr this connected series of deprivations and misfortunes which have occasioned the misery which now overwhelms them . Thus , then , have our rural poor been successively deprived of every advantage which they formerly possessed , and of every chance of improvement which they once were so eager to avail themselves of . "
All acquainted with agricultural pursuits and diBposed to a fair consideration of the subject , will at once Bgree with Sadler , at least respecting the proximate causes of the distress stated—viz . the large farm system , the enclosure of wastes and commons—the introduction of tbe thrashing machine , and the annihilation of domebtic manufactories by the " cheap" system of large factories and Bteam . Respecting the wages paid for agricultural labour , Mr . Porter , in his " Progress of the Nation , " p . 122 , states the following interesting particulars : — " Among the questions sent to the varions parishes In England , during the inquiry into the administration and practical operation of the Poor Laws , it was a sked 1 What on the whole might an average labourer ,
obtaining an average amount of employment , both in daywork and piece-work , expsci to earn in the year , including harvest work and the value of all bis other advantages and means of living , except pariah relief ? And what on the whole might a labourer ' s wife and four children , aged fourteen , eleven , eight , and fivo , respectively , ( the eldest a boy , ) expect to earn in the year , obtaining as in the former case , an average amount of employment ?' £ . b . d . " The answer to these queries from 850 , give , for tbe annual earning of the man , an average of ... ... 27 17 10 And the answers from 668 parishes , give as the annual earnings of the wife and children an average of ... ... ... 13 19 10
Annual income of the family ... ... £ 41 17 8 "To the ' farther question , 'Could « uch a faraiJy subsist on the aggregate earnings of the father , mother , and children ; and , if so , on what food ? Answers were returned from 899 to the following efft ; cfe . > -71 said simply ' No ; ' 212 , Yes ; ' 12 , ' Barely , and with ont meat ;* 491 , Without meat . '" This account of tee rate of wages paid fsr your labour maybe considered a yeiy favourable one ; for it is to be observed , that it ia not what you . aeally do earn , but what you might earn with an averaga amount
of employment , supposing you all employed . Other accounts state the incoma of agricultural labourers , particularizing Gloucestershire , Somersetshire , Worcestershire , and Wilts , at an average 06 £ 22 7 s ., or 83 . 6 d . per week . A aomrespondent of the Horning ChroaMe says , that few earn more than . 8 a . per week * aud that this , allowing 9 d .. pet week fo » rent , 1 b . 6 d , for feel , 9 d . for soap , candles , < fcc , leases 5 s . for food , which , for a man a&A wife , and Jour children , is ja&t 19 d . a week for each ; or , allowing ; them food three times a-day , it will give something , less than one halfpenny a meal .
The above rate- of wages of each dan , be it observed , Is calculated « pen tbe supposition that yon * order have constant employment , whkh is very seldom tbe case . . ¦ ' . ¦ ¦ : ¦¦ : ' From the quantity of facts yet at our disposal , for the illustiatlon of this important subject , wo must defer the conolssioa of tbe article until our next number . The series of . articles on the Wrongs of Ireland will then also be commenced . —Campbell ' s Penny Democrat
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Parliament ! has been prorogued from the 6 sh of October to taejlOtb . of November next . What 18 Sedition ?—This is a question which every public man will sooner or later have to ask himself , if the present systematic efforts to put down the free expression of opinion continue . Sir Robert Beel's powerful position in tha House of Commons has stimulated the magistracy to the most odious exercise of their funotions ; and they seem to be fully conscious that neither from him nor his colleagues need they fear the least interruption to their barefaced proceedings . Although all excitement has long since ceased upon the part of ths operatives , yet every' where the police are ordered to put down or take np public speakers . A Chartist lecturer has penetrated to the forest of Dean , ia Gloucestershire , and addressing the rustic inhabitants of that spot , has been proved to say , " that it was a great shame , tho Queen did not maintain her
own mother , as your poor foresters are obliged to do . " The magistrates nave been so horrified by this laDRuagp , and so convinced of its seditious tendency , that they have compelled tho speaker to gi ? e bail , himself in £ 100 , and four euveties of £ 25 each , to answer any indio'njeui that may be preferred against him .- And ehould he be indicted , and such asinine boobies as these magistrates on the jury , he will , without fail , be convicted and sentenced to imprisonment . Law will not assist him , nor others in a like predicament . Nothing but the strong voice of an enlightene'i public opinion will impresr . the magisterial authorities with the prudence of not putting popular patieuce to too great a trial . It is much to . be desired that public opinion were more active upon this subject than it has been . Whenever the people become indifftrent to ' their rights , they stand a very fair chance of losing them . —Evening Star .
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F iTZHUGH , WALKER , and Co ., 12 , Gore © Piazzas , Liverpool , dispatch regularly , Fine First Class American Ships , of large Tonnage , for the following Ports , viz . — NEW YORK . J& £ ji * - ) BOSTON . PHILADELPHIA . JS ^^ , and BALTIMORE . J ^^ Pm NEW ORLEANS . And which are intended to Sail punctaally on their appointed Days ; they are fitted up expressly for the comfort and convenience of Cabin , Second Cabin and Steerage Passang' rs , who may save themselves the expence and delay of waiting in Liverpool , by writing a letter addressed&n above , vfhichwill be immediately answered ; the lowest price for passage and provisions told them ; and they will be enabled to go directon board the Ship immediately on their arrival in Liverpool , thus saving the exponoo of lodgings , and should F . W . and Co . detain the Ship atter the appointed time , passengers will be paid for detention . ¦
THE FOLLOWING SHIPS ARE NOW ON ¦ . ' . ¦ THE BERTH :-For NEW YORK , ADIRONDACK , Cap . Hackstaff , to sail , Oct . 8 th NEW ORLEANS , GEORGE , Cap . Thompson , ... Oot . 8 th BOSTON . SEVERN Cap . Cheever , ... ... ... Oct 12 th Emigrants by these vessels will be provided by the Ship with the full quantities of Biscuit , Fiour , Rice , and Potatoes , according to Act of Parliament . .
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FOR NEW YORK , LINE OF PACKET SHIP , CAMBRIDGE , Captain Baibstow . Register Burthen , 911 tons ; ToDnage Burthen , l , 5 U 0 Ton 3 . To sail 19 ih October : her regular Day . FOR BOSTON , The remarkably fast-sailing American Ship , SEVERN , Captain Cheeveb . Register Burthen , 572 Ton 3 ; Tonnage Burthen , 950 Tons . To Sail 12 th October .
FOR PHILADELPHIA , LINE OF PACKET SHrP , MONONGAHELA , Captain Turley . Register Burthen , 488 Tona ; Tonnage Burthen , 900 Tons . To Sail 8 ih October : her regular Day .
¦ FOR NEW ORLEANS , The magnificent fast-sailing American Ship , ROCKALL , Captain Higg * ns . Register Burthen , 644 Ton 8 ; Tonnage Burthen , 1 , 100 Tons . To Saii 1 st Oocober . For Passage in Second Cabin or Steerage , apply to C . GRIMSHAW & CO ., 10 , Goree Piazzas , Liverpool , N . B . State Rooms in'Sicond Cabin for Families or Parties wishing to bo more retired . $ & The new Act of Parliament requires the Ship to find all Steerage and Second Cabin Passengers with Bread , Flour , Oatmea ' , and Rice , and three quarts of Water per Day . All other descriptions of Provisions to be found by the Passengtrs .
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VOLTAIRE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME . THIS CELEBRATED WORK is now publishing , in Penny Numbers , and Fourpeimy Parts , and will comprise the whole of tho Six Volumes , now charged £ 2 10 s ., without mutilation or abridgement . It is printed in Crown 8 vo ., double Columns , with new Type , small , but very plain , and will make a handsome Volume , fit tor any Collection , of Books . May bo had of all Booksellers and Vendors of popular Periodicals . The Philosophical Dictionary will be completed in about One Hundred and Twenty Numbers , of which Twenty-four are now issued , or in Six Parts , at Fourpence each .
Also may bo had , price 2 s . Gd , boards , AN ESSAY ON THE RIGHTOF PROPERTY IN LAND , with respect to its Foundation in the Law of Natur e * and the Rights of th « Peopleclearly showing the deadly influence of the present system of Landed Property , and pointing out means whereby a man may regain his lost rights and property-. " It ( the right of private property in land ) is a most oppressive privilege , by the elevation of which the happiness of mankind has been for ages more invaded and restrained than all the tyranny of king ? , the imposture of priests , and the chicanery of lawyers , takf n together , though theFe arc supposed the greatest evils that afflict the societies of human kind . —See par . 28 .
THE DEVIL'S PULPIT , a Series of Astronomico-ThcoloKical Discourses delivered at the Rotunda , by the Rev . Rjbebx Ta . yj . ob . Complete in 48 Numbers , at 2 d . each , or two handsome Volumes , price 9 b . Published by William Dugdale , 16 , Holy well Street , Strand , London .
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On Thursday morning , at St . Ann ' s Catholic church , Leeds , Mr . John Pinder , of Yurk , to Miss Webster , of Leeds . On Thursday , the 22 nd instant , at Kirby Hill ^ near Richmond , by the Rev . Thomas Holme , Mr . Edward Parnaby , of Ebor House , near Leeds , to Miss Anna , Arrowsmith , of Newaham Hail , second daughter of Mr . James Arrowsmith , of Aiskew . ^ SiBO day ,-at the : parish church , Lambeth , by the Rev . G . Brandling , Jamea Graase , Esq ., to Ellen , the third daughter of Mr . Clay , manufacturer , Wakefield .
Same day , at Kirkhcatoo , Mr . Vfm . Milner . of Quincey , lllonois , North America , to Elizabeth , youngest daiigh / er of Mr . Joseph Milner , of Rawthorp , near H * ddersfield . ¦ Same day , at the pariah church , Otley , by the Rev . J . Hart , vicar , Mr . Jeremiah Walker , of the Queen's Head , to Margaret , youngest daughter of Mrs . Jennings , of tho Malt Shovel Inn , all of Buriey , near Otley .
DEATHS . On the 21 st nit , at Aislaby Hall , near Wbitby . in his 58 th year , Watkins , Esq ., father ol Mr , John Watkins . ofBattersea . ¦ ,.. « . On Thursday , in the 84 th year of jus age , MX . Jonathan Bland , of Clayton , near Bradford . On Friday last , at Moor Grange , near Headingley , after a lone illness , Eliza , the only surviving daughter of the late Thomas Wilson , Esq ., ot Ielington Green , near London . Same day , aged 91 , Mrs . Elisabeth Rhodes , of Yeation , ndur Leeds . Same day , at Woodhouso Carr , asred 5 / , Batma , wife of Mr . Jam es Brayshaw , and daughter of the late Mr . Johu Kichois , stationer . of Lttda . On Thursday , the 22 nd ult ., Maria , wife ot Air . F . Led yard , " of Mhfidd , solicitor , and second daoebter-of Samuel Brock , Esq ., of "WcgJ W \» . Mirfield .
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MID AND EAST LOTHIANS COLLIERS ' STRIKE . A POLICEMAN KILLED . — MILITARY CALLED OUT . Saturday , Sept . 24 th , 4 p . m . Tbe colliers strike begins to assums a serious aspect . I have just been informed by thocj on whom I can place the most implicit rellanee that a policeman has been killed by the colliers , and the military sent for from Jock's Lodge . Tbe particulars , as far as I am yet able to ascertain , are as follows : — It appears that a number of colliers was met by a policeman at Edgehead , near Dalkelth , the colliers carrying a sack containing potatoes , they were stopped by the policeman , who insisted to know from whence they obtained the potatoes . They refused to tell him j from words they came to blows . A dreadful scuffle eusued , which ended by the policeman being left for dead . The whole of the police in the district were soon
on the alert , who succeeded in apprehending one man at hia house , whom they placed in irons , and were about to convey him to prison , when lo f the news had spread , they were surrounded by colliers , the policemen beaten off , and the man carried off in triumph , chains and all . To those who have watched the progress of late events , this will not be at all surprising ; the men on strike have been taunted and grossly insulted both by tbe coal-masters and magistrates . The following proclamation will shew the readers of the Star tbe way In which the brave but muth-iDJuted colliers have been treated , and I ask if a greater insult was aver given to working men 1 A few potatoes are stolen , ( which is tbe case every year , when there are no strikes , ) and the colliers are charged with stealing them ; it io then I repeat no wonder that the exasperated men , and the police should come into deadly conflict
The following is the precious official document above referred to : — Proclamation by the Sheriff of the County of Edinburgh . "Whereas , extensive depredations havo been recently committed upon potatoe and other crops , now upon the ground , in certain parts of the county of Edinburgh ; and whereas there is every reason to believe that those depredations were committed by thoBe misguided persons , who , choosing to abstain from their ordinary calling , illegally endeavour to support ) themselves without working by plundering the fruits of the skill and industry of others , who f > o choose to labour for their bread , contrary to law , and to tbe great injury of individuals and tbe public Notice is hereby given , that arrangements have been made by the Sheriff and by those exposed to such depredations for the detection aud punishment of any persons who ma ; be guilty of such offences in future . G&ahaii Speirs , Sheriff .
There ' s for you ! what think you of that ? I make no comment—it will tell itB own tale . Add to this : a placard comes out during the week from the coal masters , in which it is stated that " sober and industrious" men coula earn from 3 a . 6 d . to 4 s . per day ! A greater or a more wilful us was never told . Your correspondent has not the least connexion with colliers ; bnt I have it from most respectable individuals , who have every means of ascertainig the truth , tbat the average wages of these injured men does not exceed 10 s . per week ! Further down this same placard , the men are called " idlers" and " unsteady workers" ! This ia an old worn-out tale used by tyrannical masters , to prevent their men from receiving the sympathy and support of the public . Pharaoh , of old , said the same of the children of Israel !
It would appear , however , that the black-hearted coal tyrants have been but too successful in preventing the men from receiving tbe support of the public . A great part of the shopkeepers of Dalkeith depend upon the colliers' wages : a deputation from tbe men went round to collect what they could from those inclined to give , and bow much do the readers of the Star think they collected ? Why , the extraordinary sum of 15 s . from the whole ot tbe shopkeepers of Dalkeith , whose incomes are derived from tbe hard-earned wages of these colliers , while the poor Chartists of the district collected them upwards of £ 3 at a social meeting ! This will teach them who are their friends , and who are their foes ; and , I think , should shew them the necessity of starting Co-operative Stores , when they get again into work .
If any farther facts come out on Monday , I will transmit them to you . MONDAT H 0 EN 1 NG . The policeman is not dead , but it is Raid cannot live . Another policeman is badly beat . Horse and foot soldiers continue to arrive ; all is confusion—the poor colliers who live in tbe master's houses are this day to be turned out by the soldierB , their mouth ' s notice having expired . The horse soldiers galloped at that furious rate from Jock's Lodge , that one was thrown fram his horse , and seriously hurt ; it is said his shoulder is dislocated , and one of his arms broken . —Correspondent .
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NOKTHEBN STAB . Sib ., —In your " Notices to Correspondents" in tbe Star of last week , appeared a letaer from a George Clarkson , a member of the Political Institute , complaining of a paragraph Bent by me , which appeared in the Star of SJept . 17 th . I have only to say that the report of Mr . Gill' 8 announcement was taken from the Sht-ffield It is of Sept . 13 th , and confirmed by several persons who incidentally mentioned tbe circumstance to me . I cannot see what right Messrs Clarkson and Co . have to find fault with me , in copying the " report" of the Iris , for I suppose they believe that what " report says" must be true ; at any rate , these sensitivjB gentlemen , so nice about their own honour , but not over scrupulous about other people ' * ,
might have first corrected tbeir Complete Suffrage friend the Iris , before falling foul of the Northern Star —a paper not often honoured with their correspondence . With respect to tbe remarks appended to the above letter , permit me , Sir , to reply , that , when I am convinced tbat the Political Institute gentry are Chartists , X shall be bappy to alter my tone towards them . In the meantime I shall pursue my own course , exposing humbug of every description , and setting at defiance those whom I have before denounced , as " the real * foes of democracy , and the deadly enemies of all who honestly advocate the cause of tbe people . " Your obedient Servant , Georgb JvliaW BABNET . Sheffield , Sett 27 , l §« .
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Danger of Inconsiderate Offers . —A gentleman in this county , who vva 3 much annoyed by wasps , rather thoughtlessly offered a shilling for evory wasp's nest which could be brought to him . All hands in the neighbourhood immediately set to ¦ work , and tbe unlucky gentleman had to pay about j £ 40 , there being . newly 800 nests brought to him . — Derby Msnvry .
Marriages.
MARRIAGES .
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THE CHARTISTS OF HUNSLET TO THEIR BRETHREN THROUGHOUT THE EMPIRE . Brother De 5 iocbats , —As fellow-workers with us in the cause of right , we call upon you to do all that lies in your power to promote the formation of such a defence fund as shall assure our champions that we appreciate their noble services ; and that by a proper display of our moral and united energies we are resolved to make the tyrants who oppress us tremble , and feel their utter insignificance when opposed to a patriotic and united people . Hundreds of good men have been dragged from their homes and immured in prisons by the operation of bad laws , and at the dictum of class-made minions of power , and it the duty of all who wish well to their country , to see that these innocent victims of the hellish system under which we groan , be not delivered over lite sheep into the Uions of the wolves who are thirsting for their blood ,
We are doing all we can in furtherance of the good cause ; and have , with this address , transmitted 10 s . to the Treasurer of the Defence Fund . Nor is this all we intend to da We , like the rest of our brethren , are poor ; but we still keep our subscription books open , and take what tbe lovers of justice find themselves able to give . We believe tbat , under the blessings of the Gad of Justice , the pence of the poor will yet triumph over the despotism of the rich oppressor . We are resolved to do all we can ; and we expect jou to go and do likewise . Signed , on behalf of tbe Ciiartists of Hunslet , T . B . Smith .
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THE NORTHERN STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 1, 1842, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct966/page/5/
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