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EMIGRATION.
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UanUrujii^, Sire,
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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. EMIGRATION . WHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . 50 TES OP * TOtB . THROUGH A POKTIOS OP CA 5 ADA , i > D SKTKB . 1 L OP THE STATES OP SOUTH AJIEB-ICA , PAKTICCLABLT TBE STATES OF 3 SAS 3 ACHCSETTS , RHODE ISLA 5 D , KETT TOBK ., P £ S ? STLTAMA , OHIO , MICHJGA ^ , ILLT . NOIS . TTLSCOSSIS . AXD J » EW JERiET , r > bEKlAKE > VlXfl A VIEW OF ASCERTAINING THE DE-5 IE . ABIHIT , OS . 0 THEKW 1 SK OF EMIGRATION ; A TO JCDGE OF THE BEST LOCATION , FOB j ^ viLlSH tSIG&AXTS , FKOM ACTCAL OBSESTaTIOS . BY LAWRENCE PITKETHLY , cf Huddersfield .
f Continued from our last week ' s paper . ) JOrX ^ Ai— DESCRIPTION OF CHICAGO , BACJXE , SEW HT 7 DDERSF 1 ELD , ROCHESTER , TROT , MLLWALKET , AND WAXWORTH eor >* TY . TBTXSD . iT , Sept . 1—ilr . John Henry Hodgson , tfcit * ood and kind man , who will eTer be in my rejceaibrSEije , se-t tis son -with his buagy , this morning , to convey me to the land office , vrhere I learnea that TBath land in tha State of Illinois -was still unsppro-¦ prat&l ; eocrt quently open for sale at the froverarsent price , < rce and quarter dollars per acre . Land c-uld be <^ U'ned in various districts . Every day it wss expe ^ ei tbst a purvey of seventeen townships , irhich had jot y * t been taken would be commenced . The- officials ¦ jere txeeedmgly -polite , and gave me the fullest explsnsti'jn . Section sixteen in every township is appropriated ta ^ e ^ PP * 11 * of b psblic school L ^ ni ^ ht the rain descended in torrents ; to-day the gins , accompanied with tremendous ptuls of thunder , jbe -poor hnsiera" flew in all directions to obtain shelter ; bat -ween all that coold find shelter -were under efta , still the streets were crowded with these people fbai cattle and their waggons , as wet as though they fcsa bean drac $ ed thsousn the laie . I *« intr-Minced to Mr . Ephraim Tread ~ w « ll , tanser jadfarmeT , c-f SPEa £ EB " b Basin , Montgomery county JfewYork State ; ¦* ho , having travelled over Wisconsin * jud a « ood portion of Illinois , was a most valuable inloREsst , particularly as he had been on the loci out fora new srttlcment in the Far "West , -where he , and a friend 't'ho accompanied him , had seen bo much fine \ yxi that they were at a loss where to fix upon . We Mi-fei to hire a horse and buacy and travel JkroOih a considerable extent of country . Jndxe cf jnj di ; S rp- 'i" - IDtnt to find that the only vehicle there ffai set chance of hiring had bean broken some hail hour before our application . Ez-a Shannon , a person who keeps a Dry- Giods" Store tat , briu- traveled into thr East , obtained from a les ' SEr , a qii ^ K ty of " paper , " or " promises to pay , " toihssja-.-- ' . oi SiO . dollars , which he ene = ? ed * pn : is circulation . The bank from hieh he received tie " paDri" is at GaLIPOLI ; it has alas a branch at Cl ^^ lNATI- lnettad of circulating the notes , as Errangea , he took a speedy way of quirting tfctai , by basveaiag eff to CincinaTI , and there calling at the htarxh bjik , demanded " specie" for the " promise . " Hs rrttrced here , and bought " paper '' issued by the suns b-= r : k at little more than half its-nominal value . T 7 ith iliis , he a * ain went to Cincjnatl The
Governor cf tb-. Bins at Galipoli having had intelligence oftfce Lira amount which had been " exchanged " atCinciiisii , " sneUed a rat ; " and when Mr . Sherman said he had faiieu in the attempt to get the " paper " into circulation , asd wished to return it , the Governor faf-d him htr had better keep it & little longer and mote another trial . A correspondence between the Governor , the CiBtlnati Sink , and Ezra , let out tht . nature of the whole transaction ; and Ezra , was arrested . He , however , t « ok the benefit of the Debtor's Act , and got clear In the meantim" the Governor of the Bank was arrested an a charge cf fraud , tried , aad committed to the State ' s prison for the term cf eight years . A complete case of " Diamond cut disacad . "
Toe bank itself W 3 S swept away in the " panic ruin 5 " bat another ivse fr&si its fishes—a . Scotch establishment tzadicg &s " Tom Snuth and Co . " at Montreal and Detroit ; and as ' Gw > . Smith and C « . " ct Chicago . Ihsir notes purport to be , the noues of the " Wiscocsin ll ^ rl ^ e a ^ d File liisur ^ noa Ccmpany" \ nota Lank \; and by tiis eTasion of a positive law prohibiting any bank in the Srste of laLnois , they circulate an imnicise tpunvity of paper . I was told there are three companies , all from
Aberdeen , in -Scotland , who hare establishments in various States , and in part'eu ' tar cities ; among otliers , at New Y ^ rt , S :. L = wi 3 , ( r . ^ ariy 2 , 060 miles distant ' , Buffalo , Cicinati , and LouisTiUe . Ttcie parties have m ^ naged t ) contrcl lie mjiittiTy £ ffj , irs of the States of Oiiio , Indiana , Michigan , and the territories of "Wisconsin , Iowa , and Missouri ; and they also do exU-nsive business in otL-. r Sts'ts . sxd in Cinaria . Their " inHnrance " notes are dat-si Mil ^ alkey , whidi is situated in "Wisconsin , and circulate -where they teie not issss & " pro-Eiise" for a single qo ' . V-j .
A vast amount uf property is bound fis " . ty means r > f met EC-t ' . B- The l < i ' - riiie AssuraEce O mpaiiy will no ; " a-zTincs" at less i ^ tfcrest than th : rate cf two per e ^ nz . per mciitb , v > liich is twenty-f ^ nr per cent- per Dirirs the laia " pT'wptriiy" asu plentifaiiifES of ECTi ^ y , zzzsy p . irtits losat ^"" - tiitESsi ^ rs i .-n tbejland , haTin j tLc means ocj to paj a j . urtion of the pr . c ? , ar-d tnutirg to ihtir tx ^ rtuns and 'he iniproTemtntttry : oi 1 q tffrct for the nsr-ins to pay the rest la course of time , tt ? Govi-r ^ Hiei-t , in their regubir cjarse , Eorveyed tto land ; and tie parties on it , noi having it in tiisir j < o"wer to discharge the pnrchise money , it * ss put up i-jt sale , with ail tne " improvements " kfovr had effectei Unless the funds could b « found , feat labour would be lost , and tha expendsrs of it , and of eajital too , would havs to remove . The only parties Tho eould * ' advance" the funds , were the Aberdeen
Company , with their *• insurance" notes ; therefore , "Sai " . tii " a ^ d Cs . " were applied to . They agreed to " advance ™ oa certain conditions : those condition hdag that they sfconld ke * p twenry-iSve dollars cut of CTery ore hundred nominally " advanced ; " Le . every ETcsty-Sve fiol-ars " advanced" should be accounted or * tunired . Pretty good " remuneration'' this , when Te rtfl-. ct tha * . the " advance" wis in " paper , " not * wth , intrii ^ ically , Usopence haijpenny ! Bat we lav » sot yet eeen the wbole of this thing . Before one Kn ? k coi ' ar was given up , the " managers' * went to the Lasd OEcs of the dis t rict , and had the land entered in &nr Km ; . ' So that they ara the actnsl poeseasors of tfcs so 2 : and unless the nominal owners , those to *» hMD tie " sdvanees" have been made , find means-io TBdaea themsrlves , at faV price one hundrerl dollars &h every sevei . ty-five , the land will be sold , with all its additional " improvements , ** and the poor aided ih * & = « beggared and mined ! Such occurrencea are
feqnait la addition t ¦•» l ~ h ? rest of their extortion and impot £ k ., ti ; »¦ Bisi lesartrs" cbsrge izie , esi upon the Bc ^ ey fclvanced , at the full rate . Banking is a glorious tri-ic ! It can ba followed * tr ? nt a f action cf real funds . Most people have kar . i f-z tie ' Wild Cat , " and other banks of Michigan , Irts which , what they called " moDey , " was issued , in isnniriiK q ^ astites , psomiseno-aj-ly , no one imagining it to be necessary tfeere should be real njonty to meet fis promises . " This xrent on for a time , in all the fci " t * 3 of " prosperiy . ' ' Bat , lo ! some ineodling wigbt ' ¦ t- ^ peied ' Fuspicion . " Tiiis whiip = r increased to a tflsnicsEe , ruti . ' it blew down the wboJe fabric . ' About SW of theig " swindling thops" were dashed to atoms * t one feu rsroop I C 1 the ruin thus prodnced the Abtrderi : ScDtchmen erected ihar " In ? nraEce" stan-^* rd , wtkh ? 3 toicative of further dettruction .
Thry supply " fittitious funds" to those previously Ripphtd t the " Wild Cat , " ss also to other persons . Ek fate of tti- victims of this penurious system , when »* br ^ ith of suspicion again blows upon it . is certain ! AB the sprcie in and out of the Banks of Scotland will ** bnt £ 3 a crop in the well to the amount '' Messrs . jtfsitfc anJ Co . " will be called upon to meet ; and after iav ' mg fccsdreds of thousands desolate , the swindlers * 31 be destroyed in the same vortex which BWailovftd ^ t har pT ^ ecesroM . This ' Fir = an 4 Marine Assuracce Campsny * " have fcnrted , or Ir . h ' .-sraphed , across the face ^ f tbeir ortea * 5 * ihiag iae te billa of exchange accepted in
Ecg"Accepted payable in current Bank Billa , at two-*« a half per cent " Signed , " Geo . Smith , President " * £ e tadesnien of Chicago have recently held a J ^ Sng at which they agreed to pay three per eent to ~* JsBkfcrs for taking their own notes and exchanging " ? n fcr Eastern country notes ! Partita art incessantly on the watch , like our jobber |? the Stock Exebanze- At the feme of the " Wild &t- Einash , early intelligence enabled J ^ iem to rid **» to the amount of 20 . 000 dftllars .
^ ca aittrnooc I took leave of all my kind fHeads ; *** ifter cfcirgiEg some of \ b « n with my commissions , 1 isstcned on board the Chesapeake steamer , bound for * rFrAio , my destination being BaCISE in WiSCOS-~ T- Oa leaving the pier-head . I went to pay my fare , **» Mr . K-Jsey , the derk . with whom I had din « i » t * J Spoaeers while at BrPFALO , handed me a free ** t > an < i tigo gaTe otJier proofs of the utmost kindr * - He had carried my trunk , as before stated , from ftf ^ Aio to Chicags , s . distance of 1 , 050 xnUea , and * kfsd to accept payment ; he now caused it to be * &ttd forward to Milwalket , where it to left ??*« & fntnJ , —again yehuing remunerBtion . Such * " ** & » was more than I had any right to expect « oday , S » . 2 nd . —Attiiree th 3 s morning , I landed *« ACtKE , from which place Mr . Kelsey ha ^ informed " ¦* coscb . fctarted every mornieg for the W « fc How-^• an esqniry I was told that it had been diecan-~™* o a short Mme previonaly . Thi » disconraged me ^¦ iB aca , as my leg was bo baduto incapadtata me 7 ~ V »» 3 k ! ng more tjjjj , j ,, ^ oy vit ] j safety . At ^^• i I tcquired if a v ehi cle could be hired ; and r ™> ptisan sUstMng horsss to a spring waggon , r * oeavi ! y laden . He enus-ei to take me on moderate if * - Th » s ^ I left tsidrely »* W * ° wt discretion , nnd r ^» soon en cur irry at B tolerable speed . The J ^ ng was very nn j and myBelf aucb elated at my l ^ f C"rE « ^ e f- ' -Ai fr--in where ; John C-Ae , ar . Ent-^ v . ^ " ^ r ^ ' d _ iefi use ' : f . ers ¦ vrijch = ; -rc- pc "' : ;" r - > . •!> jjl ^ j Dispatch , ird ¦ R-lisb r-in :--1 a t . r . E ^ -tsKe " ^ - ' ¦ - £ sciigraits to " out" sn-J settle in "
went round the village for the parpose of fairing a borse ; j but could not ostain one at any price . Some persona ! from the neighbourhood were at the inn with gigs ; to j them I made application , and others were to kind as i to interest themselves on behalf of the travelier ; they ! were very polite , but every one seemed to have a good ! reason why I could not have bit horse . Finding onr ' labour in vain , my friends and myself moved off to ) West Tbot , a distance of two mile * , but met with no i better sueceBB there . Night spprraching , and being muck disappointed , I should have ventured to take J CbArlea Cockroft ' s horse onward to the Bock River , had ! his son fetched it back during the day . My lameness j forbade , or I should have Bpeedily and cheerfnily used ' - my limba . i I may here ob&erve , that before I reached my Hdd' DtRSFiELD frieada , I met with a Mr . Emmerson , at a ! public-bouse . He appeared to be tie landlord . I was { informed he had been imposing upon a Mr . Tucker , from London , who , it is understood , had been appointed by & company to select land . I endeavoured to see Mr . ! Tucker , but he was from home . i I also met a mason from Warrington , in Lancashire , ! who had jast curcfeaaed a farm . He told me " I should ' cev-. r kavc tbe e . uBtry ; " meaning I should not desire ' t" return t '« E r ' anrt . I 8 ls '' n ^ et with Mrs . Thompson , ' tfc-t > Mr M -cti-. -nse , af d Jsft Mr . Wilkinson , who ; k ^< l b ' t 3 2 dairy-: r » 2 a :, an'l had lately Arrived fren ) , ; E iiibaKh .
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r ^ , " » « " « me to feel additional interest respecting the pbwe . It ia a very small village with T ^ l ?™ ' M ^ stores- T ^ e population is about 400 . My teasient visit , and it being nearly all in the dirk , afforded me but little opportunity for observation ; and the information derived from others is ort ^ n very incorrect t P V- ' ^? ^ ereeted BP ° n a t » ay on the shore of -Like Michigan , and at the mouth of Root River , from whence much wheat is shipped for ths Eist-The rosfis are better than most ov .-r vhich I have
travelled ; and the country is oj-en , with the exception of £ vt-ry small portion . Oa leaving RaCOE we soon got into a most delightful roiling prairie , pretty well studied with settlements . The crops seemed good . Tie past are rich and beautiful , and variegated with rich fl ^ wcra . After advancing a few miles , I fuund tho ? ergo charmingly Btudded with trees upon a surfac * between mountains and flit I could scarcely reconcile myself to the fact , that this truly grand ssena was presented to the human eye without hus&an contrivance and human industry .
Ths journey was equally pleasing throughout during my morning's ride . No hills cor plains ; but a gtntly rolling surface on every hand . I had pointed out to me some sand-hill Cranes . They seemed to feed on the verdure of the fields . Tb « y are a very Jsrge bird , vrkh a long ntci . When they Bland upright , and have the neck stretched , they are at least five feet in height They are of a dart colour , and in shape resemble ths her ^ a . They are very plentiful and gather in flocks , and axe Very savoury to the ta ^ te . We breakfastea at St . Ites , a distanca of nice miles from Racine . We Btopp ^ d at a B « al \ inn . After breakfast , I was sorry to fiud my driver refuse to prooeed , aa he expected rain , which would ir . jure his load ; and he also stated that if tbe weather did not clear up , he should st * y ail night . I had no alternative but to take cp my light bag ^ a ^ e , and coinmtnce my march . At tbis place I eould tbtain ao information respecting Johs COLE , the uuthorof ths letters above referred to , although I fenew ir . s abode must be near ; Racine bei :-g a county , and this place in it , I called at a settlement \ rhere I obtained some little information ; bus a waggon approaching , 1 availed myself of the conveyance , and mounted the top . From the driver I could net elicit the least information . He seemed snuoyed by my enquiries ; and complained of having too heavy a lead . The wrgEon h-2 'i oiily procet <* € 4 a short distance , -when it halted , aud I was soon asked to t ^ ke dinner , although I hat ! scarceiy swallowed icy breatfaBt . After the horses had been taken from tht -R-. gjsoo , 1 eak red into couTersation with the landlord of tbe puVlic-h-juse , a farmer , as thty gener . illy are here . He iaforr&ed ms that the Jons Cole I icqnired for was an iruagincry bei .-e ; and that the letters said to be from him were written by a iandaseiit , iu order toinr . uc ? tmicrantst . i EcUle there , and thus enhi ^ ce the value of the -and Le poaseissed . 1 had beeu informed previously th ^ t a certaia iand-a ^ ent h ; d vrri * ten the letters in question ; one 1 y , and tta other Kiilicut , the consent of Mr . Cole . 1 knew tiu » t Jons Cole kad \ in reality , settled in that district , aad that " niine host" was attempting to mislead me . Wh le conversing with the innkeeper , I was surprised to hear my name called out in a stentorian voice , particularly as I was now some 1700 milcsfrom
Boston , ¦ whr rc 1 first landed . I looted towards the spot from -whence tbe voice proceeded , nhtn I descrk-d Js > e Cv > ckruft and William Whiteley , lat «? ly of Huddergfield , ar : d my nrighhonri They hastened towards me , and after a htarty salutation and mutual expression of aEtotiihment . they Lifurmed me thai they were on their tray to Ricine , where Mr . Whittle . ) ' £ family had jast arrived . Mr . Cockruft has lien here Tor some time , as'A has , in connection vriih his brother , purchased some land and built a house upon it He was accompanying Wbiteley , who is his brother-in-law , to Ricine ; and he de&ired me to go to his house and await his return .
I again walked on and made enquiry after several persons whom 1 knew had come into the district , : ujd * aten up their atode , and I was pleased to hear of their well-doing . Among other matters , I found that Johs Cole had been compelled to ieave the district tbrongh bcdi = y feax of those eiLi ^ ranU , ^ -ho , from the piowiEf accounts given of the country iu his name , had bern induced te come ; and then , on n ^ Oia ^ thems * : Vss disappo ' . ated . bad tfarerAened to take away Mb life . Many wrre induced to emigrate in consequence of tbe publication of the letters in qcesticn , fuHy exprcting that a paradise was prepar . a for th-: m . They arpeir to hav « foolisUy imagined they vere to enter upen as ' ate cf perfect tiles w thont a . y tffjrt of their own . Finuir ? that their dreams wtrs not real z . d , and that industry &n . 1 proper arrangement wtre alsoluttly necessary to produce the meacs of cemfjrt sn « l isJeptDduiCf , thty beenme tnrtulent snd threatening . From the inform ilion I obtained , it seemed certain lLat Mr . Colo ' s ii * e vas in great jeopardy . T . e i - \ -t 3 Tv- r , f tLe " West" given in Cole' 5 name ¦ was crriai . i- ' y toe fi'Ji ' ii co ' ou ed . I Wis laid thj : ihe ia : nzrs h _ re ¦ vroniu rot cu ltivate tfce laiitl in the State of X .-w Y j-k , ev n i : tb ; j bau it sivrr . They > : ive excellent cror-j . B-t the land on the K tk riT , r Is rtici ^ e- iy the hc-. t 1 ; ha ^ , bten tiosn to yie'd six ' y V-u-b-ls cf v-Sst , .. ud j-svei ^ t ; - hc-h . ; Sff cats , on t ' . t bc : & . The .-Vc- avo , fcu * vf » s . r , is itliz ! V -r-y to f- ^ rij lush- '* - Sft ~ . i ~ hu . ~ il < - " -Lcr tuicips gru ^ to ^ n eac ; aicxa sz ^ . Whils I w-. s prc'ifcu' . ' r ? iry : rq ; :-: cs , ^ r tt . it c- 'i whcL 1 L-c kft Lt tr _ - Ilii a ain > . . u . o rr > E-.. i > y ii I precr- " .-d to tee pj : nt n < -irrst t > N - " Ii ; -. < V . er « 5-ld . f-r , as it is ofija Cil ^ rrt , the Ki ij ^ et-s ; : lld Colony . Lr 2 ? in 5 the ¦^• j ^ gon , 1 ? gain « ilk-. rf on . Before I rescbed tL-- &-st wt «? den Ehaaty or hut , I < rr . < ttcr- ' - ^ hly drericbf ' . ' in rain . I found this hut iubabitcti by a family Isteiy froni ElinrUt ^ h , vrhose d . ucht-. r , a fino young woraan , wes in tte act of eif . p ' yicg tb < _ - crop of a' prairie ben , " which , was steff-d with t ucS- ¦ wheat . A person named Jlorton , who had lately left tLe en ploy of rrry next door neighbour , at Hud ^ ersfisld , and a young man from the seme neighbourhood , vrere also in ths house , and had with them a large quantity of piseens which they ha-i been shooting . I was most h-artiiy wclcsmed by th-m , and acccmpacied to another house , where I me ; Charles end Joseph Ccckroft ' s fami ' y , Airabam Kiy , and his son John ; two persons of th-.- name of Tinker , with Scott , Woodhead , and Berry ,
from Beny Brow ; t ^ o Mitctell son , and George Crowther , from L-vckwood -, there were also ptrEoas named Watts , Armytaga . Eirnshaw , Scholefield , Bottomley , and Hobson ; with Starkey and Noble , from Riistrick . All tbtse parties were from the immediate neighbourhood of Hudderafleld in Yorkshire ; and miny of them personal frieEds of my own , before they lefc their " fatherland . " They were both surprised and delighted to tte me ; aad the requests that I would prolong my stay , and remain with them- some time , were Very urgent and pressing . My arrange ments , however , were made ; and to go " a-head" was my motto . I did so far break through them , as to remain in the Colony all night , instead cf going on to Rochester , as I had inteedsd .
I was m ^ st silad see my late neighbours located en so Sue a e-iil , and in sn : h an healthy situation . Tbry were all in cs ; e : lent spirits ; and aJtboagb not enjoyicg many c- > nif ^ r-3 J yet , hke true philo £ jj > htrs , they Efc £ iued to be happy under the most rational hopss . S ^ tckdat . 3 rd . —I was up at day-break , and Charles Cackroft saddled me u& 6 cf the horses and accompanied me to Rochester . It bad been arranged that if I cool 1 t / btain coEVrjanca at Rochester , Coekroft was to take back the horse : if not I was to take ii on to John Fiitc ^ oft ' s ar . d C . Tinker's , about twelve miles farther . No conveyance could be bad on hire at Rochester , and I therefore took Charles ' s borse forward . While at Rochester , which is little more thaa two miles from
the colony , J visited another of my old neighbours , Mr . Gsorge Crowther , late of Lock wood . At this village , which consists of very few houses , I crossed the Fox river and taking leave of Cockroft and other friends , wtnt on towards TROT , a township in Walwokth , jn ) e county . I had proceeded about ten miies when I met C . Tinker , 'ate of HnddertSeld , and another person , in a waggon . Of course , mutual surprise was expressed ; and at my rrquest Tinker returned with me , leaving his companion to proceed to the mill to where they were going for flc-nr . On reaching the boose of . Mr . Junes Slather , ire met John Fliteroft , late of Hndderifipld , when breakfast was soon prepared for us . It was rather a novel one , there being no bread in the
house , the flonr being finished . However , my fourteen mi ' es ride made it very palatable . Ticker , Fiitcroft , and niystlf were soon on our way to East Tbot , the vikge " of the township , where I expected to find a stage cosch for the west , or obtain a buggy to convey me to Fort Atkinson , where I intended to visit Mr . Brown , a farmer of that place . There was no coach ; but the landloid of tbe Inn told me he expect « d the return of his horse and buggy every minute , and I should have it I waited impatiently for two or three hours , but tbe horse and vehicle did not m-ske their appearance ; after dinner , however , they arrived ; but , tbe former being done up , 1 could not have it , yet 1 might have the latter . I immediately
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Svxda y Sep . 4 tb . —Being compelled to remain all night at East Troy , I thia morning walked to Mr . James Mather ' s , to dinner , a distance of three miles . I found Tinker busily engaged grinding a hatchet for tbe parpose of cutting down timber , which he intended to commenee to do to-morrow , and where with to Build his wooden cot . On my way from the village t © Mr . Mather's , I missed my path , and had some difficulty to find the place Tne walk was truly beautiful and romantic ; the ground rolling and richly interspersed with timber ; the cattle grazing remote from the dwellings . I crossed a beautiful prairie , as smooth as the surface of the lake in a calm , the banks rising gecOy as from a sheet of water , tbe trees being in such positions as to make it appear like tbe domain of a nobleman , in the recesses of a for ^ Bt . It is truly a rich district , particularly on tho borders of the creeks .
AUer dinner , FJiicroft , Ticker , and myself , walked to Mr . John Ma . tner ' 8 , about a mile distant , where we Lad tbe pleasure of meeting tbe mother of tho two brothers , a very homely , hospitable lady , of the genuine Lancashire breeo , possess ed of much native vivscity , and apparently enjoying perftct happiness with her family , without a wish to return to England . AfUr a short stay we proceeded to Tkoy , where I made arrangements to depart for Milwalkey ntxt morning . Tbis evening I met with a very intelligent Keutlertan from J ' injeral-poist , Iowa county , a mining district , bordering on Illinois , on the West of Wisconsin . He gave me much general information . Among other matters , he told me there were large tacts of tbe richest land in the county in which he resiaes ; also in the county of Jefferson , and not a little which ia washed by the Mississippi . He expressed bis warm admiration of a district extending forty miles north-east of Galena and Portly , in Rock Rive Valley ,
abounding with springs of excellent water . He said that a great poition of tbd land was yet unappropriated , and that the wood was deficient in quantity . He admitted that some of the land bordering on the Rock River was superior to the boat to the westward in the districts he bad named , a further proof of interested 8 tateinenti At Trot a Rev . Gentleman staid at the same Inn , and tlept in the same room with me . He this evening , after bis official duties , was very communicative , and hia information was quite original . He spoke highly of tbe situation north of Milwa'key county , on the banks of Lake Michigan , and moro especially in Djdge county . There , he said , the land , in Bjmfc instances , could be bought of speculators at less than the government price , tno great recommand&Uon in iLy opinion . ; He considered it advantageous on accLUtt of water cemraunk-ation . No minerals had b : cn found ; tha springs of -water v . eie of the best dtscripuon . and very plentiful .
Here i . ^ ain I was told that Jous Cole had U remove from Raczxe , in conjiquence of the threats of persors who had goiie there through tho publication of tha letters attributed to him , wkieh , as before stated , appeared in the Dispatch . Mr . James Mather informed me that the laud in Walworth county is acknowledged to be as good as any in tho territory . He also said that a Doctor Lomas had 600 acres of good land , nine miles to the east of his Olr . . M ' si farm , and is wishful to diEpose of it . Tee Doctor resides at Miiwalky . The fcoil in Racine couuty ia t ^ ceraiiy black , which is not the richest , nor well adapted for the growth of wheat Tbe Roik Prairie is spleudid , but without wood . Ja :: eville is situated upon it , to tho west of this pinee ; Eagle and Round Prairie being betwixt the two . They h ^ Vt ; all an exceeding rich soil . The inmtdiate grounds , which are located , aro de&iguated " the oak openings . "
A find of spang-t ^ u passes through West Troy , from Milwalkey , ^ wice a week , to Jsneville , Galena and other tawna . It passes westward on the Monday . My engagements preventing me from remaining longer , I therefore arranged with a Mr . Porter , of this place , to convey me , in u somewhat similar vehicle , toiliiWiUEV , from wbtnee I had fixed to sail by the bteamer which would pass that place , on its way from Chicago to Buffalo , on the Tuesday mnrnisg . The mail , of course , would have been too late .
. Monday , b ' . h . —I breakfasted very eaiiy with some fiifD' ? s who hid staid with me over-night , and after an affectionate faiewtll , drove off for Milwalkey . As we jouruieil along , Sir . Porter informed me that , he possessed some property in thia territory , on the borders of tho State of Illinois , on which there was excellent ¦ sr . ter power , wLich property h « was willing to dispose of . But the fact is , paruts bt > re are willing to a U all they possess , it they can but make money by it . This man Vfas a real specimen of the Yankee farmer , plain , induttriGug , and quite democratic , or rather republican in principle . Not sufifcneil -with reiigiun , and constantly waichiug for advantage ; having no pretensions to superiority , but as iniiepenueat : u any bt-i&g upon earth , and posstssias ; more dignity than a majority of our aristocracy . Ryady to p-vform evt-ry useful species of industry , and n ^ t less ready to fly to the post <_ f duty on any attempt being niadd to invade tLe political rLhta of the mass . In tl . ia county iWalwohihi I found tho average crop of vrtuat to be fifie . n buohehj to tbt ac >' e ; but as n -a . h as forty buhbek ha ^ e been raised . In = or . ie pLitu It . e seU is cuiiipose *! of a l ght green Iguhi ; but ic g ' . Ev -riil it is a IJ ^ uci-h rr < y and lirowa loam . Wh . it ia srvw ;; oil such ltiird , bat tilt Mack Li > : h ami iirj l :.: id ifa tl . e bm for tli ^ . t di » Lnjjtiyu ¦ f eroy > . Wi ; h lLr-i ¦ _ or four years" cultivation , ii is st . « eti tii . tt ft g'' <^ i . por ' . ion of Walworth cou :. ly wou ' .. i be m : > do Vj pruduco f jrty tu :- ! iels if whtit per scru Thib 1 doubt . I am informed there is a c ( mrouuity formed in Pensylvima , on the borders of Wayne county , who have pa chafed 36 , 000 acres of land ; and aftt-r labouring tbree years for food and clothing , each fnmily have allotted to them 60 acres ; this they manage and cu tiv * te , and the profits aro uiviiUil every bix months . On my tour thus far—and it hts eX ' enik'd from Boston over a portion of Massachusetts , Rhodes Island , through and acroES : . larte portion of the State of New York ., a little of PE ^ sYLVAMA . Ohio Gan . vda , tkrough Michigan , part of Illinois , aud this territory of Wisconsin—I am unaware of Laving suen one square yard of spade culture , with the txception of a small garden to the west of Jackson , in Michigan , which I imagined to be tkus cultivated from iis order and superior appearance . The plough
seems to be the only implement applied for turning over the surface of the soil . By its means a furrow is formed from sixteen to twenty-two inches in width ; the plough being drawn by two , four , six , or eight oxen , as the case may require . Then follows another imphmtnt drawn by as many cattle . This implement , tarmed ot two beams , which , joining at tbe points , spreads at right angles , having a row of large iron spikes in tach , and ifi used for breaking the Boil . l \ is employed both for field and garden culture . Even the gardens , at tha ends ¦ where tho horses ( or oxen ) and the implements turn , are left waste , the cornerB are r&tindtd and covered with weeds , not uufrequemly with slumps and roots of trees .
East Troy is a pleasant Village . It is eighteen miles iYom Whitewater , twenty-ei ^ ht from Port Atkinson , thirty-three from JaMvjlle , sixteen from Rochester , thirty-eight from Keloit , e : Kb teen from DelevaN , thirty-two from Solthport . t !; irty-tivo frim Racinje , and thirty-two from Milv / ai hey . Eighteen months ago it had no existence . . Now it possesses 130 inhabitants . As vre journeyed to Milwalkey , I found the country flat and undulating ; tnd I felt sui-urL-ed to fin > l a number of log huts deserted and some broken down .
The roads were in very bad condition , h&ving no form , but merely tracked , excepting where we crossed the crceka and morasses , and then we had Yankee , or Co . du . oi / , bridges . Sometimes v / e were imp ^ Qed by rocks or large stones , then a flit , then a precipice-, with pits , stumps of trees , thick foliage , and brushwood . The mo&t astor . istirsg of all is that the horses surmount every difficulty without a stumble and wiih great rapidity . We passed e small village , called Macwanjgo , about ten milts from Troy . Though the village is small it is
very handsome . The site is famed ; it being formerly one of the principal places where tbe Indians met and held their conferences . At present , none of the race are in tbis district of tbe country , a considerable portion of which is now cleared and cultivated , bat by no means in the manner it ought to be . Tke land being so cheup is often an injury to the holder , who in his anxiety to carry out improvements is frequently induced to cultivate to a greater extant than he is capable of doing justice to ; and I feel assured that with proper management one half of tbe land might be made to produce a larger quantity of grain and of a superior quality .
The road also , to the extent of thirty miles , might be greatly improved in the space of one week , by tLe em ployment of men thereon , to level the rocks and fill up tbe deep ruts , both of wnich are very dangerous in the night . The immense number of stumps might also be removed , and the serpentine course of horse and vehicle be avoided . ( To be continued . }
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fTlHE BRITISH EMIGRANTS' MUTUAL JL AID SOCIETY informs the Public , that the Emigration Society , established in Halifax ia September , 1842 , have extended their Operations , and greatly enlarged their Scheme , by fixing upon 20 , 840 Acres of Land , whereon to form a Colont in one of the Western States of North America , and in allowing more time for tha Entrance of New Members , with other Improvements set forth in the Rules , alike advantageous to Capitalists and Labourers , Parties wishing to Emigrate , may form Bba > ch Societieb in any Part of the Country , and are referred for Copies of Rules and other Information to any of the f » Howing Gentlemen ; and if by Letter , post-paid , enclosing three Penny Postage Stamps : —
Mr . Pitkethlt , Buxton-road , Huddersfkld . Mr . Jabez Todd , Grocer , &c , Huddersfidd . Mr . T . Bewlet , Sctmurthy , near Cocktrmouth . Mr . Joseph > 'jch- lson , Grove-stmt , Halifax . \ 3 r . V ' m . J :. 4 ) g . , WacK- £ tR . <» t , Halifax . Mr . C CuAuri-. KJE , (' Ion , Sec . ) 3 , Broad-fitroet , HitKi . x .
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY , THE ONE THING NEEDFUL . ( TO T 3 E CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brethren , — I have subscribed rnyeelf in Faith , Hope , and Charity unto you , ana I trust not in vain . How much of our whole existence ia wrappe-i up in in the first two , and how much we need the thorough operation of tbe latter tteliag amongst us to sweeten our faitb aud hope . Truly , aaut Ui « Apostte of Christianity , the great * &t of ttesu three 1 b charity ; for , brothers , how much of the ills of life may we remove , if we poasesa tfaia ! > rot , faer ! y U > vt : —if w « indeed possessed this virtue , or sought to pessoss it , and to cultivate it in otliera , we should truly sympathise with our oppressed fellows , tuui not be saliatied with only profesoing sympathy—we eh uUl not bu satisfied with sympathising only—but give si-ina ' tangible pvoof of our sympathy , we Bhouid go onr utmost to remove the poverty and wretchedness "f our ftilow creature ? . How « ft may we hear it sai . l , " Aii , I am sorry foi lUcia , hut what can one du ? ' Tru « . osc tuii ! u > C Lirlp viiany , but many can kelp one . Tl . i . re die not n . a > y rich aiuongat
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us , and the few there are , if taej divided their whole substance between us , it would scarce be a sparrow ' s bait for each , whilst ib would make them poorer than us , and deserved waiters on our charity ; therefore the utmost stretch of individual charity would only make the rich among us beggars , and the poor in the eiv \ more wretched . But thouth iadiviflually -we can do but little to relieve the wants of our fellows , yet unitedly we can relieve all our wants aa < l maka all rich by a union of our minds and eur ptace , in a well arranged National BeneSt Society , with a proper direction of the funds , to the useful employment of the members as fax aa possible . In the coining of wealth
from the land or other raw materials we should soon place ourselves in a prosperous condition , relieve the labour market , by draining off the surplus hands , ami maintain a fair rate of wages by reflating the surj' 7 to suit the demand . Cbattists , s-uch a society as this once started upon a firm basis , with good substantial trustees , honest active officers , ( of which there ave many tried men in our ranks ) and the trades would see it so much to their interest to join , that I fully expict they would corae in under the graduated scale , fcr which 1 huve long since determ i ned on preparing extri provisions , under tho head of trades department . But it . will ba time enouijh when tte society is started to publi ^ L my viewa on that euM « ct .
Who is there having any pretensions to cl'an . y or humanity , could look calmly on , and see thousands go uown in bitterness to their early graves , aud nwt seok to stay this plague of poverty wb . tn the means are laid within their united exertions ; and , who can say , without giving it a trial , that such a national benefit s ^ ck ty would not coutaiii the mt » ns ? Who ia thwo tli-At calling to mind the trials and trouble * , poverty and i ' . ; stitution , even in our rauks . could say such a a > eiety is not the most needed at the present moment ? Who cm deny that such a society would aid the paopie in thvsr struggle for the Chaster , by m . ikiug them 1110 : 9 comfortable aud independent of their employees ? Who is there that would uot think such a , society agreut auxiliary to our National Charter Association , drawinc niauy
more to us ; many who are now deterred by the fear of loss of thair employment—their daily bread ; aiirt enable muny of our good and true members to w -a . ? tba uame of Chartist more boldly , who are now obliged hy prejudiced emplojeis to bo too tame ; and if it would do all these things , or a small patt of them how t . b . v . 11 we excuee ourselves if we rtmain longer without such an auxiliary ? Do ye notknow that the eariy Ch'ati ; ins had some such a plan , though not eo tfficient , becau&i : not calculated to entture , seeing that it was suppuityi ; l > v tfiericb , disposinjj of tfctir goods and diviilir . g anu . i : s ; all as they ues . dv > . S , without any apparent prt f a : v ' . i ( . n for the future ; but the pbn in the course of thtay lottL-i's recommended , provides for present afsistar , i-fc , with increasing benefits for thd future , aud the ulUiuatc independeoce of all .
That some men profeeaing ' 0 be ChartiBts will pay , this will lead the people from the Chiuter , and oCers way cry out Socialism , I . exp < ct , indeed anticipateto each my reply is , I much doubt wisather you pcs * . ^; either faith , hupe , or charity . The faith 1 have taught is faith in yourselves . Have such opponents failii in themselves ? Dj thty LelifVc that the beUerin- ! Ih-. present condition would induce them to forsake the Charter agitation ? If they think it would not , how dare they assume that others , their fellows , would be induced , by the benefits arising from the p-opot . u additional operations , to forsake ihe cause , for which bo muny of them have Buttered already eo much privation .
Where is their charity if they oppose with their fears , plans that in operation will produce such immense ber . etita to theChartist party ai . d the woiking clsss generally ? Have we not struggled hard for five ytavs , ar . d Ixeu met by crusade upon crusade , at a great txp .-nse to us of men and wealth , during which time hath not poverty increased upon us , and is it not stiil increnaing ? Have not thousands of operatives been cngulfbd ia appalling misery , aud brought to the eve of a physical revolution by their cruel frisk masters ? Has not thtir blood reddened the streets , and have not th \; tribunals sacrificed thorn as the scape-goats of theiflilkicrattt ? and shall we with thesu facts fresh on our memory , be content to tread the " same ground again , and again , " or shall we not rather take to ourselves such txtecsive operations that will strengthen our paBition , and render the achievement of a triumphant victory over factious misrule certain ?
Brothers , the shoals of our starving countryman that we have cast on tho shores of the New World bath ovt-rjtreched all her large towns with workruen of evary clnss ; hath rapidly reduced the priee of labour thi-re , aud rendered tier large towns almost as wretched as -our own . This is calculated to render our uauie hateful to tbs Americans , and ourselves stigmatised as vagabonds , become a by > wovd ia the earth . These things cry aloud for a remedy , and f _> r the honour of England , and tho English name—for thu hnppiness of her people , ourselves , and fellows—let 11 s , l > y all the meaus at our Command , seals- " to r « n-. ily these grievous « vlls .
If the poverty aud wretchedness of the s . ns of toll is euch as I luve britfl ? set forth , ( irui wLj r . n dony it ?) We iw buur . d to grapple wuti tLe w ! -i : sprea'tinc : evil . That it is aa tfr ' cct is no ren-,. ^ . f , 1 leaving it to ran riot witU cur enter , whtiii 1 % i- V : _ tVv-ry-day opcupatio 1 of the working maa toetr ' jj ^ lv with thi- iff . ct , and yot injlhe end sink urclwi- i' .. Ai " ho are yttt without its pale , or have si . raViti't < io . v « itf :, s . joul . l unite U ) cru . « h th ? s monster tfi'jcc , , l ; . j th ' . toby clear tho ro . ; d to freoli'tn . Tho queslioii is r . t , t whether wo . s ' jall get the
Charter , or pet food anil nwuei . t , but whether tbu C lart . s . f . unp shall , by tome extra ex -rUons , fuu 1 * nmi chtje thcutsc-lves , to cuulj > thtm Hit * hetter to C ^ ht tho buttle for political lights , or wh . ther they shali Uavo thenist > es still opun to the attacks of poverty .-ir . il thtvoyal troops , black and red . Oar Washington s . ivs , provlsiin tha army wuil—our Watchman sayn , ; -rovision the camp , aud tha humble scribe echoes , as evc-ry true John Ball would , provision the army ; and in uom ^ this , by one grand National Benefit Society , nuke ourselves an army , worthy of Runnjiuead , able to t . Jie our Mtigna Charta . Tout's , in truth , : GRACCHI'S .
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THE REPEAL OF THE Ux \ ION .-THE IRISH ARMS BILL . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . SIR , —I have received , during the last foTtnicjht , letteie from my friends in Manchester , Salford , Oldi-nm , Bolton , Huddersfleld , Dswsbury , Nottingham , Dtby , Biriutngham , Bath , Bristol , London , Devises , P ^ n-Zince , Ddvon , Stroud , Carlisle , Leith , G : a . ° gow , Ayr , and eeveral other places , requesting my opinion regarding tbe present agitation of the Ht peal of the Union , aud to say wLetKer I believe Mr . O'Cornetl to be the sincere advocate of that measure . a > id
whether he would again place it in abeyance in tbe event of the Whiga , his friends , coming into power ; and also my advice as to the best mode of preventing the Irish Arms Bill from becoming law . Now t > . s my time is altogether occupied in nay business *> t tbis aei . aon of the year , and as I really could not afford the turn to give to each of my respected correspondents a written answer , I hope that tbey will be satisfied with tLia general reply to their queries through the medium of the Northern Star , and that you , with your usual courtesy , will afi \> cd me the opportunity of giving my humble opinion and advice to my kind friends , through the columns of your paper .
With regard to ths Irish , Arms Bill , my opinion ia . that should it become law in Ireland it will soon bo extended to England ; and that the disarming of the Irish will be but a prelude to tho disarming of the English . The experiment will be tried in Ireland , and if successful here will most assuredly be put into operation in England . My advice , therefore , is to petition Parliament agate st the Irish Arms Bill ; to call upon your representatives sot only to oppose it in every stage , but to bring in a Bill to compel every male inhabitant in Great Britain and Ireland , from the age of sixteen to sixty , to provide themselves with good aim ? , according to their station in society and means , in order that they may ba ready at-all tidies to deftnd their sovereign and their country against the common enemy .
There is a clause in tbe Irish Coercion Act , " the modified Coercion Act , " as it is called , as bad as any clause in the contemplated Irish Arms Bill . This Coercion Act was introduced by Lord : Morpeth . Mr . Crawford opposed it In every stage . Mr . O'Connell voted for it , on the plea of its being necessary to put down agrarian disturbance in Ireland . Mr . Smith O'Brien movod that its continuance shouid be to limited to two years . Mr . O'Cennell opposed the motion , and moved that it ahonld continue for five years , which was carried .
At that time the Repeal of the Union was in abeyance , and the Whigs were giving places to the Irish Repealers ( M . P . ' s ) and their f / llowera . The Repealers wer « actually turned out of the Great Rooms of the Cora Exchange , on the motion cf Mr . J . J . Murphy , an attorney , which motion was duly advertised in the newspapers , aud which is now before me . There was not a petition against this Coercion Act from Ireland but one , and that ono was from myself alone , while thousands were poured in against it by English haters of tyranny , and lovers of liberty .
At a meeting of the National Trades Political Union held at the Corn Exchange , on the 18 th of August , 1836 , Mr . John O'Brien in the chair , Mr . J . M . Ray , secretary , a petition against this Coercion Act was moved by Mr . James Whittle , and seconded by Mr . O'Higgins , and adopted by the meeting , and signed by the Chairman aud tbe Secretary on behalf of tha meeting , the latter undertaking to put it in the post office that night , as there was no time to ba lost However , after the meeting broke up Mr . O'Brian , the Chairman , and Mr . Kay ( " dear Ray" ) , the Secretary , recollected that Mr . O'Connell bad sapported the Bill
in the House of Commons ( it was then in the Lords ) , and that it was the Irish Secretary , Lord Morpeth , tbe beloved , who hud introduced it in the House of Commons , not only did not drop it in the post office , bat actually cut their names from the bottom of it , on the grounds that coercion and disarming the Irish Repealers were acta of grace and justice towards the people , otherwise Lord llovptth would not luvo brought it in , rwr would Mr . U OoBru . il hfivo supported it . Mr . Ciawford w » : o dc :. > unced as a Xo : y for luvjiig opposed it and Mr . O'Cub .. . A mcuV .. - a yt . -t , nt of him t j l ., e Tories cu the otcuiiju , u- _ 1 Lutl uic lii & b . honour (/ £ having
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been accused and publicly denounced , by Marcni Costello , now Whig Attoruey-Ganeral , of Gibraltar ; Thomas Reynolds , now Whig-Marshal of Dublin ; H . C Donovan , now Whig-Clerk of the pipe ; Tom Ark ins , now Whig'BWord-bearer to the Corporation ; Edward Br ^ tiavi , now WWg collector of poor-rates ; John O Brien , now Whig ward-officer "; and by " dear Ray , " of tha atrocious crime , to use their own words upoa the ^ ccadon , of an insidious and ¦ mischievous proceeding , calcu l ated and intended to involve the trat ! e union , . Mr . O'Coundl , aud the thea Liberal GovernmeU in a broil , and thus retard the progress of measures for tbe benefit , of Ireland—iha Coercion Act and Arms' BUL It may be uskod why do I speak of these tbin ^ ? My answer is that he who wi : i not prcfi : by experience , is
a foo ! , and that experience fescues bio to u-. ; ove thoroughly , without any smnner of doubt , tlaai the same pirfcy will attempt to play the same game ! s «< mi , the moment the oppjrtunity of doing so present- , it-elf , ihat Chartists , Kiviicxla , ana Rspeakrs wiil a ^ ain ba denouueed by the presci . t Kjpeal ladera ; Ikafc the K : peal ¦ vvil ) again be put in nbe >* cce u . ider tho pretence cf giviEg the WLiga a fair trial ; tt : ii he who talks about Rtpsal will be denounced as an i ^ emy ' . lithe pi ' -y cf tke Tories , whose object is to tmrroii Mr . O'Connell aud tht Liberal Go ? er ^ u ' tn t in . qiurreZ upon the Repeal question . ILis wne done btfoie ; md will be dons again . Honest nun were hunteii i : own like wild beasts by place-hunting Rdpe ^ lei's . A fresh brood is now ready to Luiit tbem , when tfee \ oper
lime arrives . You have abked iaa for ay opinion of Mr O'Conncll ' s sincerity , and my advice as U > L ¦« ' you ara to act ; and you speak out like honest m ,- ; ., by decluiiug fi-t Repeal and against cofcrdyn TcisU ju » t wfcat I t-xpected . It is tht very course 1 kn « . w j-ou Would take . I maintained th » t you would Ao so at all tiruca , and r . S "' ' ns . t « H coercion . Thi . i is jwt'a ' at I expected . I maiutained that you vfouU do so , at all times , an , l against all Jour calumniators , wbtthcr of high or low degree . I kne \? full wt-1 ! that tLe B . itish CUartista -were the real , tL > : true , the uucomri'O ' . ti ' . ' ing friends of . ' rtlai-. d , aud t ' je Irisb . I knew y ;> ur b :.. red 01 oppresn ' on ;> r . d ' . we tf Us erty , civil aud rtli ^ us : ami now you r . re proving that 1 0 \\ you bat common jus ' rici' , -wLile I opposed such of Ciy countryinta cs U-tduee- ' , viUfied , nnrt misrep '^ seutel you .
L ahnil give yoUMiy opiuiou honest ' . y , candllly and ftar'eas ' . y —» ud that opinion tr , ' . bit / do not toUtc that Mr . OCouncil ia wjibtibuj the llrpeul Atrew ' y or si . ^ vrily or tiiih the in ' . e ' . tion of ever b , in-jhii } the uijiialivn to a . !~ iurci > jul ifsur ; b'U 011 IIi j c ^ rn ' rat y , I do b "'~ u re Ji 1 m ihe bo'i ' iiu of niy tuul ihut the wjitation , us / ar u- < lie 1 * < v / i-Cd-ui'd , aiidhe is the head , at . d front and body 'iiid * oul of it . is i » H > . ecie ami I ' lipocridct '; and that ' . lie o ' j ¦ ' of Ihe agitation is 1 : 0 ! with thr riew loli-pc . d the L ' i'iu- ; but iii ' , ' : <• hope of forcing the Tory Government to puss c ¦* don U-ws , " Irith Arms BVls , ' and the'ike to put Ocrtvn the Repea t jijiUi'ion in Ireland , the A / Ji Corn Luff '• ¦ ; ita-( ion . uiid llir Cdrtht wjiluiion i > , Er . Qiand uhtch <> vf ( vraniiv icov'iHi ive the effect of briu < riv < j out : ht Whig
Ljrd ( 'kax ^ e-uont . as a fur . ousputri t omc > uo >< < ' ¦ lieland ; Lord It-idnor , Lord Br . A'gham , or s ^ jut v . her VVlvg Lo :: ' ^ in E-gland : 'but itc ^ cdiary £ . ta ^ -vu'd follow , the c ^ asi q-ience tf which would be that Uia Quetn vcouiJ dissolve Parl . amsnt , aud that tho WL '^ s Vr-ould again be earned i ; . to j . j «\ t oa tbe ' s-aAi of the j" ? ople who woui « i be 1 ft in tha lurcb . as heretofore ; nnd tr . at tli ' . ' I ah Repeal ayila ' ors ivou ' d get M'hrg p ' 'ic <* s . <(/; U bec . i /;/ c the tyrants and oppressors of their deluded dupes . Tint is the end and object of the . present Rfp-jii agitation . I am convinced , and bear in micd , that * l > eafevtr you See Lord Charlemont aid some otber-o of minor note , coming forward as patriots at pi'blio meetings in Ireland , the wind will then have changed . It will be b ' . ov-icij from Borne Whis point . Having g . ven you my opinion , I shnli now give you niy advice ; and in doing so , sir , I beg of you t <> bear in minw that all tha p ^ . ins that man could take has been t .: k < n
by Mr . O'Connell to excite hatred and auini-sity agai'ist you in tbe minds of his counlrynun i-ince Jir . uary 1835 . Ho hxa rcprfei >? nted you as th » - -idera and abettors of those who called the ln . sb priest—the Catholic priests " sur ^ liced niffi ns "—v > hile he knew that a more unfounded calumny eonld not be u . tered . Weil , the time has now arrivt" . ! fur you to pii-ve 1 ) tho world that hs old ca ' umniBie you . Tho Tories L ' . ve svimt . d a de .. d ! y Mow at thelibtrtits of tho Ir ' . zh f ^ r ! e . It is but a precursor . Ykb have ccmo iVrwi ! at . Tee , nobly and gcL . ttou&ly , to ward it tft " , or < : '* z \ o ia it , in order to n : . ko it fall th » riuiv ii ^ ' itly upon th ' .-so v ? ho were ' .-c' t <> hste you . In ti . 3 . " - >' " it of pure Ciiv ^ ti" . ¦ ' . yon Lave forgiven ihjS" w » . o \ vt' . igdl you , ar . d Ii . itc come forward to tbe a ? ii « l :. ' ! :: ; t-f tba v ' ti-y uiP'i w : ; o ofiVsed their gratnit u ^ strvic ... * - t tha Wijij' Q ) 7 t'rnci 6 T ! t to cush and opijt ^ . s .-i you v . i ¦ - > you were st ! u ^< : lir , 3 11 ^ ' nst Oj-. pre £ sion . This is c .:: dacfe becoming a Kr-. a * , a r . oble , atd a gprcrous p < ' -p !« .
Chartkta of G eat Bntai > , persevere as you L ,: ; re bv'irun , pttitioc , riiconstra ' . e , do every thing noi vn \ y v . ithin th ¦ preciccls of the la ? . -, bat v ? * bin t : ^ £ < a <; of thj constitua ^ n . to SE . 7 e your Itith brethr- : i I .. a th-.-re coiitbrnpl-. ttd acta < f Ti .-y tyra ' . iny . S ' . ' ip Thy Irish Arnia' Bi '^ I ; pr > 'vent tb .- ^ . iss ' . ng of ray Oo ..-rciin \ e ' . ; bul tic not \ J ' . i- ' ir . t ! . j Cii " . rt « . r . Petition Far" !; i' -: ^ i : t f v » . li . peal t'f !' :.-- Uiiioa , bat'trust jii r-r > m . ~ i who v ai Jut niv- ' V 11 a j . l-Jtit .-. ia writing . V . it ' ii-j « . 1 fupp . 1 . ? . j udwi ' . Y ..- ru "' . jii bn . <»~ iLai w : ^ . \ i . ' . Kl . Uia Pb . l'i . ta C 11 . I ' - ' -I ' .:. \ Cill' . SLT MEASVlli ; ' .:,-313 t- > y n . tv ' ue ; 1 . ib the lift Ir . u \ y . ~ - - ' , ai"i ia th \ 01 " . Ii ' k ' a I Layu aclcl ic--c > Ai sir . ja tho ge . it-r _ i ... s ... 'u iu Tat rick 0 'HiO ' . ~ - » . D'bHn . M-. v 2 uth . 1 ? 43 .
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From the London Gazelle of Friday , May 1 s BA . Niiuerrs . William S ^ nt , Oxford-street , hosier , to surrender Ma ? 20 , at two , June 30 , at one , ct the I ? i ;! c : i pc 3 * Cart . Solicitors , Messrs . H ; irdwick and D ^ vi .:.- m , Weavers ' -hali , Basinghall-atreet ; tfiicial nt > 3 igr : c-, Mr . Alsagtir , Birchin-lane . Henry Cundall , Little Ha ' 'ham , Hertfon ' 'jhire , innke&per , May 26 , at one , June 30 , at twelve , at the Bankrupts' Ourt . Solicitors , Messrs . Uilne , P . rry , Milne , and Mori is , Temple ; and Messrs . Cfec aDd Taylor , Bis ' uops ss -. urtf « rd ; official assignee , Sit . Whitmore , Businghail-otrset .
Georgt Flowers , Hammeramith , auctioneer , May ( J , at eleven , June 30 , at half-past eleven , at the Bankrupts'Court Solicitor , Mr . Mos 3 , Clo&k-lane , Q leenttrcet , Cheapside ; ifficial assignee , Mr . Alsager , liirchin-lane . William Gordon , Colchester , coach-proprietor , Maj 26 , at eleven , June 2 ; j , otone , at the Bankrupts' C mrfc , Solicitors , Mussrs . Wire and C'hiJd , tiwitiiiii ' s-lane ; nnd Mr . Barnes , Colchester ; tificial assieuee , Mr Punnell . Philip Speyer and Jjseph Schnbach , High Holborn , tailors , May 29 , at one , June 30 , at eleven , a : the Bankrupts' Court . Solicitor , Mr . Webster , C toliaestreet , Eedftfrd-rquare ; ciBcial assignee , M :. ( iibton , Ba . sLighall-strc-et .
JohnFuza , Paington , D . vonshire , victui" ! r , June 2 , * 2 ii , at eleven , at the Bankrupt * District C > u : t , Exater . ' Solicitors , Mr . Pinient , London ; and Msssr 3 Wills and Francis , Newtou Abbott ; official ess o : iee , Mr . Hernamaa , Exeter . Thomas Wilkes , Monmouth , innkeeper , Juno 13 , July 11 , at one , at tba Bankrupts' District Cou : t , Bristol . Solicitors , Messrs . Smith and Son , Gray'a-i . m ; : nd Mr .- Hall , R 13 s , Herefordshire ; ofaoial assiguec , Mr . Miller , Bristol . Richard Pits , jun ., Wtwfc Bromw-ch , Staff / rdshire , hatter , Jlay 27 , at one , June 29 , at half-post eleven , at the Backru ^ ta" District Court , Birmingham . Solicitors , Mews . Milne and Co ., Temple ; anu Mr . Bent , Manchester ; official assignee , Mr . Bittleston , Bitotfngham .
paetnersuips . J . P . Kiiby and Co ., Liverpool , oil merchants . Ellis and Sods , Dawsbury , Yorkshire , woollon-merch . ints . Koeber , Brothers , and Co ., Leeds , dyers . T . and J . K . Tilloison , Sheffield , merchanta , J . and d . Cliadwick , Wooilleaford , Dear Leeds , malsters . R . Hepherd and Co ., Warrington , Lancashire , maltsters .
Emigration.
EMIGRATION .
Uanurujii^, Sire,
UanUrujii ^ , Sire ,
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HARMONY HALL . LETTER XI . TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . SlR . —I have now to point out the kind of authority ° l P ? wfr ^ bo vested In the President and CouncU of the Society which I have proposed should be formed for tiie purpose of removing the evils under which all classes of society are suffering . A 3 I have stated In my former letters , the orga ; . izitioii of the Society can never be effectual for its purpose . un . ess it shall be placed under the superintendence of a single mind . The President of the Society will , therefore , to meet the emergency in which we are placed , be vested with the unlimited and ( as weak words alter nothing , and strong ones will be more likely to excite attention and investigation ) , I would say arbitrary and despotic authority .
I place this assertion thus strongly before you in cousequence of your correspondent G acchus , in his review of my former letters , having stated that we have a fundamental principle necessary to the maintenance of order , in any community or nation , that is , the democratic principle , or government by the people either personally or by representation . I contend that there is nothing contrary to tkis principle in what I have laid down , and whether it be called despotic , democratic , or by any other name , the thing itself is nst thereby altered . *
The basis of the movement must be , the knowledge that we are in a position to require firm , united , decided , ana vigorous action , and that this action cannot be obtained unless full confidence be placed in those who are to lead it . The times evidently indicate that great and overwhelming changes aro at hand . If we look to Ireland , we may observe that the question of the repeal of the union , one which can only affect the feelings and prijudices of the people , is creating and exciting a power which the Government scarcely knows how to deal with . Open dofhnce is being given to the authorities which now govern this country , and the privilege of martyrdom is being eagerly sought far in high places The Catholic Bishop of Ardagh has declared " that he has every reason to believe , indeed he knows that every Catholic Bishop in Ireland , without an exception , is an ardent repeaKr . ' "I for one , " be declares , " defy all the ministers of England to put down the repeal agkation in the diocese of Ardagh . I u . m but an hun . hJe
man ; I am nothing . I not only belong to the peojile , but I am piond to say , I belong to tho very humblest class of the people . I do speak it with pride , for to no aristocrat an the earth do I ovre ai ything save the unbounded contempt that I have for the whole class . Let the Government bring us to the sc .- ; ff > ld , if it d ; ire . In djing for our country we shall bequeath cur wrongs to uur successors , au <' . our cause to the peop ' . e . " To what can wo attribute the power which the Repeal Association has obtained but to the conceutiative Tfcnergy of Mr . OConuell ' s mind beiDg easily distributed through eviry portion of ita proceed ings . Suppesing that he had to debate , discuss , and explain every proposition ho had to niako , or oven that he had to work with a council , any single member of which may ba dispose ! to thwart him , couW any one believe that he would then bo enabled to rousa the spirit which he now excites ? On the contrary , there would be nothir . a but dissatisfaction and weakness .
Let us take tho contrast between the agitation for the Repeal and that for the P-opte ' a Charter . Many minds , individually as powerful as Mr . O'Ctmnell ' s , have beon engaged in prosecuting the latter ; and the objects sought to be obtained are eertaiuly far more attractive and valuable ; yet by the adopting what ycur correspondent , Gracchus , would designate as the democratic principle , we may observe- the different rate of progress of the one from the o ' . ber . I would give to the society , in any manner it may deem proper , the election of the Central President ; but
this being done , I would allo w him . , in order to preserve entire the unity of bis own mind , to select tbe persons who were to be associated with him as a coulc' 1 , and to change them as often as he found the body imperfect . And with regard to the number of which the Council should be formed , it should be entirely at the option of the President No other person could possibly know the requirements of the case ; and tho magnitude of tho business to be . performed will demand tfeat the smallest possible amouut of agitation should exist in the President ' s mind .
Those who read th ' . so 1 > ttcrs must benrin mind that I am speaking of the aeciuhi-ig of no partial or ordinary objects . The universal hippim-as of man 13 tbe sut j-xt to be taken in hand by Ua Society I propose to establish ; and there can 1 > t no ft-ar but : be publicity of tbe transactions will piwuit any improper proceeding taking place : and if wo eo ; ii ! in ; r ..: e at tho hi ^ h ^ Bt point of intelligence arid cxpt . ienco tint cm ba obtained , we may easily radiate from thia pjiui , to any extent that circumstance . ! may r . quirt 1 . Tho Central Society will , r . s sfa ' ul in a previous letter , bave numerous biiUic !> " 5 nUach * d to it ; and these branches should , in liktt n . aniit r , ovct a president , who should , for all loeul pu |><> sts . te invested with a simihr pov / tr to that of tho C-ntrJ Prtsfcidcnt , bui . ishuuld always ; ict umitr the wirn'tiou . > f . and in ucc >>
idance with , tht ) diction or t ! iu Intier , and bu removable if fuiind in auy manner o !> si ' . ni ::: ive . To prevent the ali . nation or improper u e of ti ; fuiuia that ma ; , bo raUed , ger . tr <» l and Ic : a ! trea = mr . r . 1 arid ; it : > Htors sh . "Uid bo appointed , and V . eto officei . s s ?; i * n ; il bo ( . ' c ;« -ty , vJuiro ' . he uiost freo inquiry and « -xaniinati'in sh- t ' . UI ho . t-i t''r Bd ir : to , but no Viiing should t . ke pl . ica on any su'ji-ct , ev » -rytbin ^ bt-inj ; offered as couns : l or surgestio 1 to the Central President .
By . looping this nuxie of deVate , tho spirit of the principles on which tlio society is to ba founded may easily ba preserved , ai > d it wiJl thereby advance its oljt-cts in a rapid nianrer ; but if eiuctioii of the members of Congress , and voting on it's uffiirs be allowed , it will bo cortiposed geii raliy of tbe most ur , 8 t , because tbe most taVfcativo , Bt ' . f conceited , and speech-loving individuals that can hv fouaJ . Tnd Presidents , wlrtber central , or lcc ; il , should be removable whenever it ni " . y be drcn .- - ' nicessary by a majority if those who have to e ' . cc ^ ihem , and pr <> pt-r regulations to effect this ot j' -ct should bo mado ia the constitution and laws . The spirit of the lotter of your correspondent Gracchus has given me n > uch pleasure , wnd there are tiro other points in it to which 1 must here refer .
lat . With regard to who should be the President On this , as on : ; ny other subject I write , I desire your readers distinctly to understand that I adopt , at the most , nothing beyond the suggestive style . Having Bimply th ^ universal object befure me , 1 shall be glad to see it accomplished in auy manner that may be practicable ; and with regard either to the , organisation required , the manner in which it shall be formed , or the person who shall ba at its l : ead , I shall be glad lo see tbe opinions vf as many persons as can write on tbe subject , in a calm arid deliberative manner . The society ; if riehtly formed , may contain within its folds every friend of huin-. nity ; and if a proper Central President be chosen , ( and 1 : 0 other could long retain his position , ) he will undnubte liy take care to have cordially acting with him tbe leading minds of all classes , sects , and parties , iu the manner in which their faculties can be best < jini > loyud .
2 nd . With regard to Mr . Owen ' s preliminary Charter , your correspondent states that thu limitation that would carry it would carry the more important measure of political rights . I would here desire him to consider again the relative importance of the two documents , and the amount of opposition likely to be offered to either . It ii uot n ; y intention to disparage what has hitherto bet-n termed the People ' s Charter , but I think it extremely ufficuit of attainment , and even \ t it could be obtained , it csn only lay the foundation of a representation to be elected by a body of people who have beeu hitherto uninstructod with respect to what will the most readily promote their interests .
I am highly gratified with the tone in which Grachua speaks of Mr . Owen , and this , not from any individual or personal cause , but as an indication of the progifeBS that is being made ia the public mind With regard to liberal and enlightened sentiments . I trust tbat he will not fail again to express acy difference of opinion he may entertain respecting any subject I am treating of > and I think I cannot better conclude this teller than by taking tha' npirit and almost the words of his last paragraph . Hoping tbat I shall be enabled , in tbe course of these letter * , to inspire my readers with a firm faith in themeelvi- aa the only power of
emancipation from the preterit and increasing misery , a strong hops in the meautf of deliverance that will be placed before them , aad a full measure of charity for the differences of views and opinions which every one is of necessity compelled t *> entertain ; as with these tbfcTe can be no reasonable doubt teat Wo shall * p 8 etlily gain the olject that all are seeking—universal happiness , I am , Sir , Your obedient Servant , V . ' illiam Qalpih . Harmony Hall , npar Stockbridge , Hants , May 21 > t , 1843 .
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? ' From the , Gazette of Tuesday , May 23 . BANKRUPTS . Charles Cooper and Thomas Cooper fell-mongers , Sttood , Kjut , to surrender Juae 6 , at one , and July 4 , at eleven , at tha Court of Bankruptcy . Mr . G ^ een , official assignee , A 14 « rmanbury ; solicitors , Mr . Avi 3 tin , Threadneedle-street ; aud Mr . Morgan , Maidi-toae . Charles Altazin , upholsterer , Conduit-street , Si . Cteorgo , Hanover-square , Juns 1 , at twelve , and July 4 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Mr . Turquand , offlcial-issignee , Old Jewry-Chambers ; solicitor ,-Mr . Pike , Old Burlington-street . Joseph . Jones , bookseller , Stafford , June 3 and 29 , at half-past twelve , at the Birmingham District Court . Mr . Whitmore , official-assignee , Birmingham ; solicitors , Mr . Phillips , Shiffaal ; and Mr . Collis , Birmingham .
Thomas Price , baker , Liverpool , Jane 1 , at haif-past twelve , at" the Liverpool District Court . Mr . Turner , official-assignee , Liverpool ; solicitors , Messrs . Littledale audBardawell , Liverpool ; aad Messrs . Vincent and C o ., London . Thomas Williams and Edward Williams , linen-drapers , Liverpool , June 10 and July 4 , at eleven , at the Liverpool District Court . Mr . Ca&move , official assignee , Liverpool ; solicitors , Messrs . Sale and Worthington , Manchester j Mr . Baxter , Lincoln ' s-Inn-ojlds , London . J . Lambert , doth-merchant , Lseds , June 1 and 27 , at eleven , aS the Leeds District Court Mr . Hope , effiaiai-assignee , Leeds ; solicitor , ajr . Blackburn , Lseds . Samuel Mtrgrave and Benjamin Maggrave , dyers , L ? eds , Juno 1 .-ud 27 , at twelve , at tbe Leeds District Court . . Mr . Fearne , official-assignee ; solicitor , Mr . Robinaon , Leeds-
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Dismissal of an Ordnarce Officsb . —Limerick Chronicle says * 'Mr . liaulon , ordnauco clerk of worka di E : ; iti * kiiiwa . has been dismissed , for attending a Repeal m . ming at Kells . Mr . Haaloa israplaoed by iir . Kuby , fi ^ m Deny . "
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THE NORTHERN STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 27, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct970/page/7/
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