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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1844.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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; i ^ i £ p OTJALL AND MR . JAMES LEACH . r ££ i s matter of fair-play , we gire insertion to the ; subjoined letter , judging it as necessary to follow -&e one horn IXr . M ^ Douall , in oar last number , even pending the inquiry determined on . Bat ~ here tiie correspondence mast stop . "We cannot allow It to go furifoer , or -we shall be again accused of encouraging " datunaatim . " This ^ re shall . carefully guard against . Indeed , had the parties tofiuscjorrespondencebeen any others than they - * rere , in all probability not a Ime of it would hare appeared . ]
SO IHX KDITOB 07 THE SOXTEZSS STAB . Dsab Sib , —I am sorry to hare again to trouble you tm the subject of MitoualTs letters , as there is a eommittee formed in Manchester , who hare fixed Hpon next Monday week as the day on which the in-TEstigation into i&e matters alluded to in those letters ahiH take place . But the false and scandalous nature of MDouafl ' s last letter renders it impossible forme toallow that time to pass over without a reply . Tou will , by inserting the following , greatly oblige , Yours truly , - James Leach .
to p . m . h'dotaix . Sis , —Whatever might have been the odium atiaehed to me on the suspicions raised by your first letter , I should have endeavoured to have borne them until an opportunity presented itself-of meeting you face 10 face before the Committee appointed in Manchester , where the matters which have called forth these letters can be fully investigated : but in some passages of your last letter there is so much of o / nxing saAfraudulef't i > u > mtitvd € , that I cannot , desirous as 1 irn to protect a character at least as honest as your own , refrain from replying to them previous Jo our meeting . Tou say , "Mr . James Leach , of Manchester , considers the whole of mv letter to applv to him . " Sir ,
that letter applied to every one that had had any jnoney transactions with yoa ; and as my name and bo other was especially mentioned , I think 1 had a light to consider myself as one of the individuals afludedto . Men who engage under covert motives to effect a lad purpose , should "have good memolies . " Do you not know that I possess a letter of yours , which clearly proves that I wasoneofthepersons alluded to . Ton say , "if the mention of facts which ought never to hare been concealed , can be construed into a base attack ; and if any man chooses to fit the cap on his own head , it is his fault , not mine . " Further on you say : " Mr . Leach places my statement that I only received £ 3 , against a receipt £ or £ 18 ,
ibereby endeavouring to leave an impression on the jnind of the reader that he did actually pay me £ 18 . Again you say : " Some persons may naturally enquire the reason why I gave him a receipt for £ 18 , irien I only received £ 8 . I did so after repeated conversations with Doyle , dark , and Leach himself . J did it to save the character of the Tery man who > rould now make the act of friendship I was quilty of , a weapon wherewith to shield himself , and cast a doubt upon my word . " Sir , toot cap does not fit me . It is made Of bad Jnsieriak , treachery , falsehood , and ingratitude . I will not wear one made of such stuf £ whether the manufacturer of it be a professed friend or an open
foe . It shall remain suspended in the hands of the committee "until we meet , when I have no doubt those gentlemen will award it to those whose conduct best merits the distinction of wearing it I did p lace your receipt for £ 1 S against your statement of only having received £ S . Yon ' say " that Mr . Leach does not , lie dare not , declare that he paid * n « £ 1 S . " I haveno desire , Sir , to " dare" anything Vut that which is honourable and fair betwixt man and man ; bxtt it will ret be proved that you have reeerred considerably more ihan £ 3 8 . Tour mem orr seems to be much more retentive on the income side of your account than on that of the outgoing ; or you would lave remembered the letter vou sent me whilst in
your roZiaiforv exile , authorising me to print a letter of which you sent the manuscript , and for which I vxa to pay out of thefundi that J held on your acctrant and for which I did pay four pounds fifteen shillings . Ton , sir , was to iave the whole ofthe profits arising from the sale of those letters . The people , faim some oaxtse or other , did not think proper to purchase -them ; and therefore they were Ml on hand , and they were pointed out to yon in my shop when you ¦ were in Manchester . This seems " entirely to have alipped your memory : which it surely onght not to have done , seeingThatyourmemorywas so fresh on the other part of the account . There are several other items too of expenditure that I have borne for you , "which . shall be laid before the committee . : So , you save me the " receipt" after repeated con- \
Yersations with Doyle . Clark , and myself ; and " that to save the character ofthe -rvrj man who would now make the act of friendship yon were ^ uUfy ofa ^ -eapon -wherewith "to shield nimself and cast 8 doabt upon your * ord , " How could you , for sheer shame , |« n such a sentence ?—a sentence evidently intended to make the people believe that the conversation we had was a sort at bearing and praying , that you would screen my delinquencies and defalcations as you are pleased to make them out . Had you given that con-Tersation , the people who have reaxi tout letter Tronic ! tare drawn very oifferent conclusions than those you intended them " to draw ; but that did not suit your purpose . All must come out now , however . The people mu ^ t know what are the real characters ofthe men in whom thev r . lacc their confidence . 1 must
eonfess that I was for some time at a loss to know what was jour object in proceeding as you have done ; but from circumstances which have lately come to my knowledge , there is now no doubt upon ay mind as to your ultimate intentions , and the nnacrnpulons means by -which you intended carrying them out . Tou have formed a Terr different opinion it appears of me than yon nsed to hold ; and , in an insolent letter youhave sent me , - you speak of " my bad eonduct towards you whilst you were in France . ' " In reply , I have only to say , that while I desire to liave the good opinion of aD good men , I earf very little what © pinion the 'bad may nave of me . I worked very hard for you whilst you were in France ; 1 defended you everywhere , whenever you were assailed in my presence ; and I was the means , by travelling at considerable expense considering my very limited means ,
of gettine funds for your support . This is known to thousands , and I am repaid by insolence and ingratitude—the reward , I niow , but too generally accorded to those who toil to feed and clothe others Who are too prond to work and too poor to live without it . Tou make a bounce about the papers that must be forthcoming : all I have connected with this SObjeet are ready any moment . And now let me demand of you , as a matter of fair play , that yon bring ¦ with you * every document you may have from me , that may assist the Committee in their investigation ; and aW to reqnest that you will not let any subterfuge or evasion prevent your attendance on the day appointed br the Committee . Until then , I am , Sir , Jaxes Lzach . Manchester , Not . 27 , 1844 .
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Forcible Abduchos . —Killibset , Fbtdat . — On Sunday night last , about fourteen men , whose faces were blackened , and most of whom were armed , attacked the house of Michael M'Gillycuddy , of Trippinagh , in the parish of Aglish , a respectable fanner , and . having discharged a shot through the parlour window , Ttney effected an entrance through ik and first secured the servants by binding them firmly with ropes . They then proceeded to the bedroom of M'GHlycuddv ' s daughter , a girl sixteen years old , whomtheymolentiy dragged out of bed , and , regardless
ofthe incessant and feeling entreaties of the mother to permit the girl to dress herself , the heartless ruffians forced her through the window in that lamentable condition , leaving six of the party behind to prevent any trace of the fugitives . In a desperate struggle to shelter the daughter , her mother was barbarously beaten by these savages , and now remains under the care of doctors . Four ofthe gang have been arrested .
SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR FOE TATHXK MATTHEW . £ * . Cf . Mr . W . Holbeck , Leeds . . . 0 0 6 DCTNCOHBE TITSTIHOS 1 AI .. Edward Lake , Sutton-street . . 0 5 0 fob . incnivi . A fen Chartists , East Ward , Leeds . . 0 5 0 Holbeck locality . . . . . - 0 4 6 j From the Seven Stars locality , Nottingham , per I James Sweet . . . . . 076 j victims . I From the Seven Stars locality , Nottingham , per JaiiMsSnMt 0 2 6
i RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETARY . Bristol , C . C 0 2 0 Bristol , W . Berry 0 11 Bristol YT . Hill . . . . . . 011 Bristol , R . H . Williams . . . - 0 2 6 Bristol , Mr . Bouched 0 0 1 Byron Ward , Nottingham . . . . 070 Crayford 0 16 Marylebone . . . . ¦ . 030
Camberwell . 016 Long Buckby 0 5 0 Lamberhead Green 0 5 0 , Manchester Painters 0 5 0 j Manchester , Carpenters' Hall . . . 2 5 0 Salford 0 10 0 TVaterheadMill . . . - - . 050 Jdossley 0 2 6 Hajle , Cornwall 0 2 0 Sunderland { Clark ' s passage ) . . . 0 5 ©
CUCDS . Elderslie ' 0 3 0 Johnstone . . . • - - 0 19 1 Girvan . . . . 020 Kilmarnock 0 4 31 Cnmnock 0 2 3 ] Maybole 0 3 3 j Camborne 0 1 3 j U 1 SS 1 OSXS . J rtnrn . j K . S . B ., London 0 0 6 Carpenters' Hall , Manchester . . . 050 XHOHAS M . WKEE 1 IJ& .
The Northern Star. Saturday, November 30, 1844.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 30 , 1844 .
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TO OUR FRIEKDS . Is a "bran , spanking new dress" we present ourselves to our friends on this our introduction to the Metropolis , after serving a full apprenticeship in the provinces under circumstances that have given us no little insight into the " art and mystery " of newspaper making : and we trust that our new appearance , whether in local * or form , will not be displeasing to those who have long known us in our " other" garb , nor distasteful to those who for the first time may venture to " take a peep , " even if the determination to do so arises from a strong
curiosity to see one who lias already made " some noise" in his day and generation , Though far from deeming any apology necessary either for matter or for appearance , yet we must say that it was utterly impossible for us , in the first week , to make the paper all that we desire it to be . Removals of steam-engines , printing-machines , types and presses ; travelling by day and bv night ; coming into new offices , with new ' hands ;'
getting new material into working order ; " setting" the paper up in one place , and " printing" it in another—( our " own" machine being on its way from Leeds to London ); all these things are not the rerj best in the world to engage the attention , of an ^ Editor , nor calculated to aid him in his pecu liar duties . These things we have to engage in and be engaged with : and when we arc rid of the trouble , and turmoil , and bustle ; and when we become fairlv seated in our new saddle ; fairly
settled-in , and assimilated to , our new position , we shall endeavour to " carry-out" many notions that we have of what a newspaper ought to be , and -which , we trust , soon to see the Star become . Seven years ago we were engaged in bringing out the first number of the " Journal , for the Working Classes . " Though then full of hope and animated by a sincere wish to do all that the powers within us were capable of , we had no idea of the importance and responsibility that soon attached to the wmduotors of the first suteettM Democratic
newspaper : an importance arising from the fact that the Star soon became the " leading" provincial " Journal of the Empire ; " and a responsibility arising from its becoming the recognised organ and teacher of the tolling millions . When looking back on those times , and when calling to mind the many difficulties that have had to be contended with ; the " envy , hatred , and all uncharitableness " of thote who had not succeeded ; the schemes and devices of the enemy to " get rid" of one who was constantly digging in tyranny ' s flank ; the efforts of Government to " put down" what , by such efforts , was proclaimed to be a formidable opponent
Vhen passing all these things in hasty review before themin 6 " seye onrpastcareerbecomesmatterofwon der and surprise , even to ourselves , and we feel grateful that we have been blessed with an amount of energy and an elasticity of mind that has enabled us to meet every ^ emergency , surmount every difficulty , and place Labour's organ at an advantage in every encounter . With the experience thus gained , Ve made our debut in a new and more extended sphere . It is not with out confidence that we so appear ; a confidence arising from the eminent success of our former labours in the democratic cause . It shall be our
business to show that that confidence is not without foundation . It is almost needless to say , that though in drftss we are different , and though our locale is changed , yet in heart and head we remain the same . In London , as in Leeds , the Northern Star shall ever be ready to do battle in the cause of the oppressed . At ourhandsjthe " oppressor of the poor , "—whether he be landlord or capitalist ; foreman or factory master ; overseer or overlooker ; " guardian" or grinder ; prayerful or prayerless , —shall receive no
quarter . For the trafficking politician , the apostatising renegade , the unjust judge , the partial magistrate , the over-reaching landlord , the " screwing " employer , and the hard-hearted task-master , we have a " " whip of scorpions , " -which shall be unceasingly and vigorously applied . In us , neither struggling humanity nor helpless innocence shall ever want an advocate . Ksowihg the people ; heing of the people , labouring for the people , we know what the people want : and their claims shall never lack enforcement while the hand that now
writes can hold a pen or the tongue can wag . In entering on our new lease of existence as a Journalist , we throw ourselves thus entirely and unreservedly on the people . They have given us power to be of use in our old position : it is thet who can make us be fell and feared notv . Labour ' s organ with the labourers at its back ean'orpaiuze Labour against the organization of Capital : labour ' s organ -without the people -would be a scoff and a scorn . The people u-t have : the organization we will have ; for out of it only can the " Esiakcipatios or isDrsTBT" come . To that end shall our efforts be constantly directed ; to that end shall we as constantlv endeavour to direct the efforts of
others . T 7 ith a heart full of hope—with aspirations as pure and as holy as ever animated the breast of a condnctot of the press—with determination never yet -unworthily subdued—and with every confidence in the success of the cause of Universal Peogresbio >\ we commence anew our career . May it be all that we desire it to be , for Laboiu ' s Sake . '
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POLK—PRESIDENT OF AMERICA . OLORIOTJS TBIUMPH OP CHARTISM . WfiitB our sympathising cotemporaries are busy in . denouncing grievances upon which they lire and fatten , and would not therefore mitigate or correct , we turn with no ordinary gratification to the coasideration of the greatest triumph the popular voice has achieved for the last century . Of course we refer to the all-tut certain election of President Mr . James Poik—a king with Christian and surname ; and all will join in his triumph over the Tory tool , Mr . Kite Czat . Just at this moment , when
the monarchs of Europe had fondly flattered themselves Trith a prospect that the principle of centralization had been established , and the details for its enforcement ratified and agreed to—after a sufficient amount of Royal visits , fulsome exchange of Ro . yal compliments , and exchange of Royal presents made _ at the expense of their starving people—the Tory press , ever ready to offer a paving and harmless defence in behalf of the " rights of Labour , * and as harmless an opposition to the aggressions of Capital , is horrified , and stands aghast , at the news of this , the greatest of Labour ' s triumphs .
We have given a copious report of the proceedings which preceded the struggle , as well as of the tricks re . sorted to by the monopolists tu secure the election of their paper-money nosiiin «<\ It is not wonderful , because it i ^ chavacterisue «< t Toryism , that the crest-fallen faction should seek consolation after defeat hi the hope that thei recent struggle in America may bring the principles o democracy into odium , contempt , and distrust . If , howj ever , there is not to be one law for the rich and another for the poor—out ? practice for the enfranchised wealthy and another for the enfranchised pauper—we have but to direct attention , not to cows with long horns afar off but to our own domestic golden-headed calves , whose value at a contested « lection is estimated by the amount of treachery , bribery , and corruption , —not stopping a * perjury , of which they can boast .
The great value of the American triumph will be found in the fact tliat the superior wealth of Polk * 8 opponents ' was not able to purchase the sweet voices of his pauper supporters ; a fact to which we opine the Tories attach the most . significant importance , lest the day may arrive when the popular voice of England will be found virtuous and strong enough to resist the oppressor ' s gold . As it is a truth not to be denied , that in our present complicated commercial jeopardy our institutions but stand upon the whim of legitimacy ; and as America , above all other nations , has the least reason to dread its fall as well as the least interest in upholding its ascendancy , we have the greatest reason to rejoice in the triumph of her Chartist President . 1
Although the policy of the tyrant of Russia , the French despot , and that of Sir Robert Peel , may differ on minor points , there can be but little doubt that the return of Mr . Clay would have either confined those little differences within safe limits , or might perhaps have rendered them Still less noxious ; but the return of Polk , and a pursuance of that policy to which he stands pledged , mil go far to increase those differences , and to destroy the " snuggery" of kings .
Those who rely on our want of union , and on the amount of money , of physical force , and all the unholy appliances that can be brought to bear against us at the command of legitimacy , should bear in mind that England is but a link in the chain of nations . The tyrant George was compelled to receive , as Ambassador from the Court of free Apierica , the man whose unholy presence he wonl . d not tolerate as a delegate from her struggling people ! Let them remember that the French Revolution of 1793 led
to the Irish Insurrection of 1798 ! Let them bear in mind that the three glorious days of 1830 in Paris , though pn * - fitless to a disunited people , extracted the Heform Bill from a reluctant English Oligarchy , separated Belgiutn from Holland , revolutionized the Germanic States and drove petty tyrant princes from their capi- ' tal by torchlight : and , above all , let them ponde * well upon the fact that faction can no longer balk democracy of its fair share in any future change because our people are united upon a principle , and we shall have no disastrous interregnum , a time for the evil passions to marshal , between the going out of the old light of legitimacy and the substitution of the new light of knowledge We will hare no more shedding of blood to gratify the sanguinary appetite of princes ; no more disunion to
gladden the hearts of money-mongers ; no more strife to weaken the hands of democracy . We bide our time ; and with eager eye shall watch for the arrival ofthe first fruits of tbe . triumph of Mr . James Polk , the first magistrate of the people , —who made him their chief for his virtues , and can unmake him should he violate his pledges . Hurrah i then for the Chartist , Polk , and for the democrats of America ; and may the value thej attach to their triumph inspire those for whom we write with the laudable desire of proving the superiority of democratic institutions over the follies of legitimacy and priestcraft . This is the first great blow at the centralization of monarchical power ; and maj it be speedily followed up by the restoration of ou own people to their natural and legitimate rights and privileges , uncontrolled by the power of capital or the will of despotis-m . Again we gay IIcbbah fok Polk !
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made surplus , should sit down idle , or he down and sleep , and be supported by the 750 who are at work , than they should constitute an idle competitive . reserve for the masters to fall back upon ; thereby compelling all to submit to a larger reduction in the wages of each , i Now the Independent , in reasoning the question of bad trade , has faUen into the error of acquiescing in the " prescr iptive right" of the masters to make all the profits they can in times of prosperous trade , conferring upon them also the right and privilege of holding their own , abstaining from | loss , and of being satisfied with ordinary profits in times of depression . Now , it is to this
unjust mode of book-keeping that we have always objected . It is against this one-sided manner of bestowing sympathy that we have set our face . The system enables the masters to make enormous profits during the periods of brisk ^ trade ; and if Capital as well as Land has its '' duties" as well as its "r ight ! , " what we demand is a fair debtor and creditor account , instead ofthe masters taking their stand upon the highest pinnacle of profit , and cotibitlering that every farthing abstracted from that is so much unjustly plundered from them . There clearly ought to be a fair ' calculation and a balancing between the masters' profits and the profits of their hu . ids for a given period .
The Independent \\ : \ i seized th ¦ admissions njadr In severaL of tha spoakfrs as t . > the improved course now to be pursued by the Trades in prosecution of their object and very naturally asserts that a combination of all tho . ie moral elements , now to be enlisted in the Trades * Movement should make it irresistible . We admit it . They should be irresistible : but then we confidently assert that while violent language and daring atrocities may furnihh the masters with a pretext for resisting the demands ofthe Trades , the most moral—the most irreproachable ,
inoffunsire , and persuasive means , will , under the presen ' system , as signali . v fail to rescue Labour ' s neck from Capital ' s tread . If the Trades are violent , resistance is thought valorous and patriotic . If the Trades are cool , calm , and argumehtative , the masterss ee no more danger in them than Lord Bowick did in that antipathy to the Poor Uw Amendment Act that was not manifested in the blazing rick or burning mansion . The more we consider this all-important subject , the more strongly are we confirmed in the impression that Trades , to be protected , must be united : and that their union must be national and
not sectional . The letter of Mr . Dctncoxbe is ominous and portentous-It bespeaks the will of the Minister , which will be aided by all the powers at the command of Capital : and those powers can be only met by the powers of the people ' s union . "What wr ; propose then—and let our remonstrance not pass by unheeded—is , that each Trade shall quickly , and ' with oss of tune , " put its own house ia order ;" and that a Confebekce of Tbades' Delegates , consti-UiHnff a fair representation of Vie whole body , shall be elected and ready , on the introduction of any measure threatening further danger to Labour , to assemble in London to
aid Mr . Buncombe in that manly resistance which lie pledges himself to offer to any such measure that Sir James Graham shall propose . This plan is safe and inexpensive ; and if required to be put into operation , mus be protective . There can be no harm in being prepared with the machinery ; for although we were enabled to rally a hurried opposition against the Masters and Servants Bill of last session , we will not venture to rely on such scattered elements to resist the will of the " strong Government , " enforced , as it will be , upon timid landlords and griping capitalists , by the most despotic and callous Minister that ever held omce in the British Cabinet . Parliament meets on the 4 th of February for the "dispatch of business ; " no time , therefore , is to be lost . The pvil
passions are summoned to war against unprotected Labour . Let the same herald rouse the sleeping from their slumber , let them unite , marshal , decide , and rally round their oivn standard . Let them remember that Sid-MODTa was an angel , Castlekeaoh was a fool , and Fooche was ( a sucking dove , compared to the present Secretary of SUte for the Home Department . Like " Alp the Renegade , " he would justify apostacy by heaping odium upon his old associates . We kcst drive him from office — because there is no secresy in correspondence ; no security in the prison ; no tenderness in mercy ; no justice in the law ; no comfort in the cottage ; no clemency in the bastile ; no protection for the life , the liberty , or the property ofthe poor man , so long as nil remain under his guardianship and control .
Of this , tho country has had but too much reason to be convinced ; and if the " concoctions" of the recess are allowed to become the realities of the session , every Trade in its collective capacity , and every labourer as art individual , will have bitter cause to regret that the warning vote of Pdncohbe was unheeded , and the protective power of Labour ' s Parliament unsought for . Let , therefore , the Trades of England look to it . Let them read with attention the doings of their brethren at Sheffield ; and let them ' rouse to energetic action while the day is , and while , by proper exertion , the day may remain , their own . Their fate is in theiv own hands
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If this off £ » tobt was all the emolument that the Church sought for its support , and if the donations were illustrative of the estimation ia which the flock held their shepherd , we should have no objection to the practice ; but when it is presented to us as a fresh pimple upon a body already ulcerated all over , we the more object to it . it is fortunate , perhaps , that the disease hag gone so far as to render these trifling fresh eruptions insignificant . We have written briefly on the subject , that our readers may attach ; to it its proper importance , and no more ; hoping that | it may stimulate them to demand the overthrow of a system which requires counter-irritaats to preserve even the . semblance of life in the putrid patient .
This ofcbbtoby » ow is one of the grounds on which the dreadful battles hereafter to be fought between " Old England " Puseyiim and " Young England " Puwyism is to come ofiV As yet the skirmish between the respective outposts tell well for Yocng England . If we were allowed to pun upon so serious a subject , we should say the term " Puseyism , " was a compound of PEW and SCHISM ( Pew-schism ) . When will Old Mother Church cease to be a propagator of her own dishonour and ofthe nation ' s folly ? When the fashion of prejudice shall have passed away ; and when uian , seeing with his own eyes , hearing with his own ears , and reasoning with liis own judgment , shall not be afraid toi ' sneak his own thoughts with his own tongue .
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TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS . Errata . —In the Report of the Manchester Aggregate Trades' Meeting , inserted last week , the statement in Mr . M'Gliee ' s speech , that " the painters worked from day-light in the morning till seven at night , " should have been " worked from light in the morning till dark at nlght . 'f in the list of subscriptions for the Oldhani Tailors , the 10 s , from Bolton should have been £ 1 10 s . ; and fromfManchester , for James Clark , JE 5 , Ijnjdireb . — -The Poor Man ' s Companion for 1845 will be published . The major portion of it is in type ; and , but for the demand ou Mr , Hobson ' s time , consequent on the preparations for the removal of the Star to London , would have been published ere this . In a fortnight , or so , we expect to have it ready . It will be found to be the most important number yet published containing , as it will , a full expose of the Paper-money
system , and stow its tremendous effects , for evU , on the producing millions . Joseph Hartley , Bradford . —We cannot afford room for the address to Mr . Etzler . Pretty fair if we give short notices of meetings of the Tropical Emigration Society . ; Those from Bingley shall have attention . Scbibe . —We fear the members he speaks of have no remedy aguinst the holder of their funds , as the society is not enrolled , and consequently not under the protection of the law ; . To denounce him as a " swindler" is all they can do ; and if they do this , they must be prepared to take the legal consequences . Jobk SuithIKxnsikgtos . —We will try what can be done for him next week . The " facts" he narrates , if authentic , will surely make the tailors , as a , trade , stir ^ and place themselves in a position to defeat the " sweaters . "
Thomas Lago , Dodwobth . —We should apprehend that a minor coUld attest the signature to a will as well as one who had attained his majority , if he be of age and knowledge to understand the nature and obligation of au oath , so as to be eligible as a witness in a court of justice . ; Mk . J . Sweet , of Nottingham , begs to acknowledge the receipt ofjite . 6 d . from Southwell , per C . Merchant , for the Duneoinbe Testimonial Fund . Ann Harrison , Sheffield . —Her communication does more honour to her heart than her head . It . would be no sonicetto her to print it . It would only expose her to the scoli" and scorn of the jeering and unfeeling . Mart Willis , one of the Unstamped Victims . —We
are desired to announce that a meeting of the friends of this poor woman , who was one who boldly took part in the struggle for " cheap knowledge , " and who is now an inmate of St . Luke ' s Workhouse , in a very precarious state of health , will take place at the Butchers' Arms , Pear-tree-court , Clerkenwell , on Wednesday evening , Dec . 4 th , f rhen / some articles will be disposed of for her benefit . The poor old creature , who has attained her 75 th year , jfeels a horror of a " workhouse funeral , " and she earnestly calls on her friends to save her from that degradation . We trust her appeal will be responded to . One of the Oppressed , Exeteb , does not set forth what description of labourers they were who have been treated as he drscribes by the Earl of Forteseue .
A Fbiend to the Poob Man . —We have not been able to peruse his communication . A Friend to the Trade . —We cannot insert such a communication , as he lias sent , on annoymous authority . If the facts are true , and their publication desired , they should at jleast be authenticated by the signatures of the officers of the society . Stbongbow-J—Dundee . —We have seen worse " poetry , " but j et our friend ' s effusion not reaching our standard is respectfully declined . The Yeomanry Cay-alb * . —A song referring to the doings of these worthies in 1820 is out of date . Jenkin Mobgan . —Mr . Cleave has received 17 s 8 d , being the proceeds ( per Mr . Farrer ) of a concert for the benefit of Jerkin Morgan , held at the ' Feathers . ' Warren-street :
Thomas Battt . Wakefield , shall not be forgotten . Koiiekt KlDD , Dundee , sends us particulars of a most painful case , which we trust will excite the sympathy and exertions of those to whom it is addressedthe Chartists of Fife and Forfarshire . Mr . Kidd says , It is well known that at the last strike John Duncan was apprehended arid cited to answer for a long list of crimes which he never committed . I need not go into details . SuiHce it to say , that he was harassed , and his mind kept in a state of suspense concerning his trial for a considerable time . The trial was ultimately abandoned ; but the persecutors have accomplished their end , —poor John Duncan ' s destruction . Mis mind gave way under his trials , and he is now , I am sorry to say , in a condition which leaves
little to hope for . Mrs . Duncan , his amiable wife , is , with Roman courage and virtue , struggling to maintg | n herself and children without a murmur ; but every one may Know the difficulties she has to contend with , with a shop-rent of £ 12 , besides taxes , and all to be made from the needle and the sale of a few pamphlets . I here say nothing of the heartfelt misery that must arise from having a beloved husband in a state of living death ; for Duncan does not even know his own wife when she goes to call upon him . I need say no more to awaken your sympathy . Who that knows John Duncan ( the honest John Duncan , as our champion Feargus O'Connor used to call him ) would refuse-to contribute ! a mite to aid his wife and little babes , and to add one . comfort to her desolate and widowed hearth ? Of his virtues [ need not speak . His was a heart in which tlte milk of human kindness flowed , he felt for all mankind . Those who knew him best can best
appreciate his virtues , and bewail his loss . My dear friends , had you seen the look of Mrs . Duucan when she told me that she had not had oven an inquiry after his welfare from a single locality except Dundee , you would have blushed for Chartism , to say nothing of huinanityj She did not even ask for any help . I believe herslis a spirit that could not brook tliat , but it is our duty to come forward and endeavour to give her that assistance which , as the wife of John Duncan , she so well deserves . I trust , my friends , I need say no more to arouse you to a sense of your duty ; but that you will speedily meet in your various localities , more especiallyjthose which Mr . Duncan visited , and where his worth -was known , —and collect a small sum each , and send it either to Mrs . Duncan ;—( her address is , " Duncan j and Drummond , Catherine-street , Edinburgh , " ) < jr to me . I am , Brother Democrates , your ' s truly , Robebt Ridd , No . 7 , Well gate , Dundee . "
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The case of Intaxticide at Wolverhampton . — The Inquest . —The inquest was resumed and brought to ; a conclusion on Friday , when the-following verdict was returned : — " That the said unknown female child was born alive in the month of October , I in the year aforesaid , and died immediately after ! her birth , and was found dead on the 28 th day of the same month , in the same year , in the night soil of a certain privy situate in the parish aforesaid , in the county aforesaid , and that her death was caused jby extravasation of blood upon the brain , the result of external violence , but how or bv whom such violence was caused sufficient evidence d " oes not appear to the said jurors . "
[ Mr . Sheriff was removed from the police-station to btaflord on ; the night of his commitnieiit , and Miss Kailton and Mr . Hildreth early on the following morning ; but Mrs . Hfldreth has remained in the town , in consequence ofthe ill state of her health . ] The Infanticide at Wolverhamptox . —The prisoners , Miss Riiilton , Mr . Sheriff , and Mr . and Mrs Ilildreth , were again brought before the coroner ' s inquest on Thursday , but no further evidence of any importance [ was adduced , and the inquest wan again adjourned until Tuesday . On Friday the prisoners were placed at the bar of the public otHce before Mr . Hill , Mr . Barker , Dr . Deliane . and Dr . Briseoe
magistrates ] of the county . The only additional evidence called wa . s John Titley , a cowman , who deposed that be foiind the body of a female infant in the nightsoil injMr . (^ uiiiton ' s outhouse . The prisoners declining tuj say anything in their defence , were each committed to Stafford , Miss Railton for concealing the birth ot' hev child , and the other prisoners as accessories . ;
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Body of a Girl rovso is the Riter . —Early on Sunday moping the body of a girl of the age of fifteen or sixteen was found off Lomeliou 8 e . -From its appearance it had not beenin the water more than three or four hours , the suspicion being that in-the course of the night the girl committed suicide " , and that the body was borne from some distant part by the tide . The following description of the person and dress has been circulated : —About four feet sue inches in height , fifteen or sixteen years of age , hair plaited , fair complexion , artichoke coloured and figured cotton gown , tippet of the same , half ' of a black shawl with figured border , white stockings , no stays , linen marked E . L . E . No . 3 .
Murder at Munich . —A letter from Munich , of the 15 th , aays : — " A dreadful crime waa committed here yesterday . While Captain N was attending bis duties at the Ministry of War , his wife only twenty years of age , and the female servant of the house in which she resided , were murdered . A razor , with which the crime was perpetrated , was found near them , and all the clpsets and drawers had been plundered of their most valuable contents . The man sen-ant of Captain N- — , who is suspected of being the murderer , has fled . "
Agricultural DisrEEss .--Since Thursday last , not less than seventy-seven persons have been admitted into the workhouse of the Banbury Union ; and we believe we are not mistaken when we state that an equal number are ready to present themselves for a like pmpose , Of the seventy-seven , forty-one are from the parish of Bloxham , and they entered together on Friday Last , passing through our town » in melancholy procession . SrDBKx Death of ax Eccentric Character , —
Wednesdav evening , Mr . Payne held an inquest at the Crown , Westminster-road , on the body of Richard James , aged 52 , a shoemaker , of 8 , Duke-street , Westminster-road . The deceased , it appeared , had for many years been afflicted with fits of epilepsy , having as many as three in the day , and was of very eccentric habits , never allowing bis window to be shut , summer or winter , always sleeping with it open . On Sunday night he was found lying with his head on the floor and his legs on the bed , quite dead . Mr . Newcome , surgeon , said the deceased died from apoplexy . Verdict— " Natural Death , "
Accident from tre hfcvxniovs Use or F « m-Abms . —Wednesday after a dreadful accident occurred on board a fishing-smack lying off Billingsgate , to a lad named John Carrier , aged 16 , belonging to the vessel . The poor fellow , it appears , had been cleaning a fowling-piece , and haa Broken a pieceof wood which he used for the purpose in the barrel , in order to move which he poured some powder into the gun , and then foolishly dropped on to it a hot cinder . The explosion which took place shattered his right hand to pieces , and dreadfully lacerated the arm . He was conveyed to Guy ' s Hospital , and was
immediately attended by Mr . Edward Cock , who performed amputation at the wrist joint . The lad is in a fair way of recovery . Accident to Lobd Nugent . —Lord Nugent met with a serious accident , whilst riding from Twickenham , on Saturday last . His lordship was cantering along the road , and riding loose at the same time , when his horse fell , and rolled completely over him . His lordship , although much shaken by his fall , remounted his horse , and rode on to town , On arriving at Hathway's hotel , Mr . Travers was sent for , and he at once discovered that his lordship had sustained some internal injury , and had fractured three of his ribs . We are happy to find that the noble lord is rapidly recovering .
extkaordinart st'pden dfiaths of the editors of the " Norfolk Chronicle" a-vd "Norwich Mercury . "—In the obituary of the last week ' s papers in Norwich the death of Mr . David Irwin was announced . This gentleman had for upwards of forty years filled a confidential situation in the office of tne Conservative newspaper , the Norfolk Chronicle , His death was peculiarly sudden , and , from his high character , was the theme of general conversation for several days . On Sunday last , only five days after bi& death , great was the astonishment , and deep was the
regret , at the announcement of the equally sudden death of Jonathan Matchett , Esq ., tbesenior partner and editor of the same paper , which capacity that gentleman had filled upwards of half a century . On Wednesday morning still greater was the astonishment , and deeper the regret , at another awful visitation in the nearly as sudden death of R . M . Bacon , Esq ., the senior partner and editor of the Liberal paper the Norwich Mercury , who had been unwell for the last few weeks , but not to such an extent as U cause any alarm to his family .
Fatal Railwat Accident . —On Thursday night , the 21 st inat ., a fireman , named Maywood , was killed , within four miles of Birmingham , on the Bir mingham and Gloucester Railway . The train was passing under Cleeve-bridge , and the unfortunate man hot being sufficiently on his guard , his head came in contact with one of the iron pillar 3 which support the bridge , and he was instantly killed . Dreadful asd Fatal Railway Accident On Thursday afternoon , the 21 st inst ., a collision , at * tended with fatal and appalling consequences , took place on the Midland Counties itailway . In consequence of a tender having got off the rails , the Derby train , which should have left Nottingham at three
o ' clock , was delaved , and was at length compelled to proceed along the down line , instead of the proper line ; a messenger having been despatched to stop an expected down train at Beeston , about three milt * ofi % for fear of collision . The messenger either did not arrive at Beeston in time for the train , or he did not deliver his message properly . However , to whatever cause it may be ascribed , the train to Nottingham had left the Beeston station before the train to Nottingham had arrived j and the engineer either not knowing or not regarding the message that had been forwarded , drove the train at its usual rapid p ace , and a . tremendous collision took place . In consequenpe of the down train being driven at a much more rapid
pace than the train from Nottingham , and being much heavier , and having a powerful and very heavy engine , the up-train from Nottingham sustained the principal part ofthe damage . The up-train consisted of an engine and tender , a second-class carriage , containing parcels , but ho passengers ; then two second-class carriages , with passengers ; followed by a first-class carriage , with passengers ; and then a third-class carriage . So great was the force with which the down-train met the up-train , that the engine of the latter was actually driven from its position downwards , and the boiler was elevated to the height of many feet above it , the tender ofthe engine was driven through the parcel-carriage , and the two passenger second-class conveyances were as
completely smashed to pieces as a nutshell when trodden under foot . The unfortunate passengere ifl the two carriages were dreadfully crushed and mutilated . Considering the number of passengers ,, sad the terrific force of the concussion , it appears ndraculous that no more persona were injured , and that only two individuals met with their deaths . Those persons are Mr . Dean , commission agent , Hound ' sgate , Nottingham , who died in a few minutes after the accident , in a field by the side of the railway ; and Mr . Yarnill , Dement Bank , Derby . Mr . Varnill was taken to Lenton in a cart , and implored Mr . Godfrey
of the White Hart Inn , to take him into his house , exclaiming , " For God ' s sake , take me in , or I ahaB burst . " To the disgrace of Mr . Godfrey , he re&aei to admit the dying man . Mr . Lee , tlie florist , immediately had the sufferer conveyed into his own house , where Mr . Vamill died ia two or three minute * . He had a leg completely smashed ; but the immediate cause of his death was severe internal injuries . No less than twenty persons are named who were more or less injured , some of them having been severely crushed ; some had their limbs fractured , while others have escaped with slight bruises .
Further Particulars . —List of Killed a . «> Wounded . —Mr . Dean , Hound ' s-gate , dead . Mr . John Neep , of middle age , of Retford , lies at the General Hospital , but hopes are entertained of his recovery . The extent of injury cannot at present be ascertained , as , besides being sadly braised , it is feared some of his ribs are broken . George Burlev , about thirty years of age , stoker , seriously scalded and burnt , the fire and boiling water having fallen upon him from the engine , when forced upwards by the collision . Mr . Jonn Bowlestridge , landlord of the Three Horse Shoes , Derby-road , and Miss Ann Gretton , « Dove Cliff , Staffordshire , much bruised . Mr . Gretton , Burton-on-Trent , severely crushed-Mr . Bradley , Southwell , farmer , leg broken . Mr . Varnill , formerly butler at Colwick ^ hall , deaA Mr . Arnold , medical instrument-maker , serionslj hurt .
Mr . Garratt , surgeon , of London , extensively injured . Robert Tliomliill , lace-manufacturer , slig htly crushed . David Fox , employed at Mr . Gill's silk-mill , ana broken . Misses Ann and Maria Lewis , of Sneinton , serio usly hurt , owing to the violence of the concussion , were thrown out ofthe carriage , and their dresses becomiflg entangled , they were nearly stripped . One of them
had actually the sole of her shoe torn off . We regret to say that the conduct of the inhabitants of the village was characterised by anything rather than humanity ; the Misses Lewis " who were close to the unfortunate Mr . Dean in the railway carriage , were permitted to remain in auuo > t a state of nudity in a field for upwards of an hour before they were removed . At length they wiw taken in * baker ' s cart to Mr . Hammond ' s , * to whom they were j Eaying a visit , and were afterwards conveyed to their ome . Mr . Deau was also treated with similar neglect . . ] Sfr . Robinson , traveller—very much bruised , Mr . Thistlewood , of Lincoln—ditto . Mr . Nixon—ditto , and tootii I > rokcn out . Mr . George Baker—slightly bruised . Mr . John Wlidey—bruised . Mr . Tutin , sen .- " -bruised . Miss Surplice , of Beeston , es-. aped injmy by leaping out of the carriage . . , . Mrs . Dean , sister-in-law to the deceased , and lano lady of the Ctstle a : ul Falcon , Not . timtfi . -Hn , wlth , * T little daughter , was also severely bruised iiu < . l crushe *
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Rip £ al or the Malt-Tax . —The London Com " mifctee have just issued a circular , inviting the cooperation of parties favourable to a-repeal of the malt-tax , and unring the necessity of forming local committees in tEe agricultural districts . It is evident tlat tiose ~ who hare taken the subject in hand are determined Dot to relax their exertions , but have the subject thorongluT canvassed . The first general meeiinjr of tie society , we understand , is fixed to take place on Friday " the 13 th of December , at the Freemasons' Tavern " , London . Rs-ASSEsCBLiiro of Pabliameti . —By a Eoyal proclamation in FridaVs Gazette . w& learn -thai Parliament stands prorogues irom the I 2 th of December next , to Tuesday , the 4 th day of Felffoary , 1845 , then to meet "for the despatch of divers urgent and important afciis . "
Bochdaee . —Last Wednesdav there was " a grand muster" of free traders in the New Hall , Baylevstreet , " to get their bagging" at one shilling eacn , and to hear Messrs . Crawford , Bright , Cobden , and Co ., advocate their fondly-eherisSed nostrums of " cheap bread , " to cause " cheap labour ; " butas I was not there , and as 1 cannot find any one of mv brethren that were , I amTmable to tell how the Leaguers got on . If youwanttoknow , take apeep * attheJL « z ^ ue , and you mil get " nothing but the truth . " On
TtaiadsLj ^ night there Tras a great muster in the same zQsce , principally of working men , to hear Sharman Crawford , John Fielding , James Taylor , and others , Express their objections to the introduction of die 5 iew Poor Lsw ; Mr . Thomas Livsey was called to ihe ihair , and in & speech of some length opened the ttosinsss . Several resolutions were adopted and ipeecbs made , ¦ which , were repeatedly cheered . S . Crawfoia Esq ., and Mr . T . Livsey were deputed to convey a * nfimorial to Spy Graham Mmseli , signed ~ bj nearly lJ , 000 rate-payers . Only nineteen persons in the wnolennion have ' refused to sign !
Buxcoxbe i zsratoiciAL . — Czxtiai GoiatrrrEZ ot 1 » adej . —SanSL Honse , Leicester-square , Wednesday e-enizig , >* oT « abtr 27 . Mr . Grasby in the chair . The committee hariug f mud it impracticable to bring the bnsixess to & close at present , it was nnanimonslT resolved feat the siibscri ptiDn be sell kept open . He following « ms -srere reeemd - _^ THjitinore ' s booi , 7 s . Per Mr . ^ ames Sweet , on -behhH of the Chartists and friends of Sotrisghain , £ 12 Us . L , tters were Tead f ^ Hr . T . 5 el £ Aeirport , Isle of TVigiu ™ fcenalf of the Chartists of
ihat plaa , enclosing i 3 Os . l ^ . - ^ m 14 ,, Uewiugton , on l « half cf the tailors of Brighto * . inclosing 10 s . ; from Mr . Biggins , secretary to the Saver Plate Workers' Fnion , annotating that they had voted £ 3 . The following sums were dso received : —Per Hr . Torrencs , Us . ed .. from the firm Vf Hanflsley anfl Co . ; £ 1 15 s . from igaac SiJpton and C . Bownbam , Cbippennam - and from Mr . A . "Wateon , cf Granfli&m , 9 cL ; per TVUliam Brett , from a few friends , 2 s . 6 d . ; per Mr . Trith , from the men employed in the firm « Clowes , Stamford-street , 12 s .: per Mr * . Isaac ' s book , 3 a . Mrasrs . ConoDy and Brown -were appointed to wait
on the compositors . Messrs . Dowiing- and Lee were appointed to , Trait on tie carpenters , Geojg-e-srreet , Chelsea 3 Ir . HnmphreisTiandedin £ 1 from the Somers TownLoeal Committee . Messrs . Gammia and Conolly were deputed "to irait-on the smiths , Hole-in-tbe-Wall , Chancery-lane .
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TRADES UKIONS AND THE APOSTATE MINISTER . Thiji is no greater inducement to the public instructor to persevere in his course than the reward that public opinion bestows upon his exertions . From the first appearance of the Northern Star , to the present day , we have seized every practical opportunity of rousing the Trades of England to a knowledge of their power , a sense of their duty , and a feeling of their degradation . The assaults of faction on the Tinprotected T > orehester
labourers , or ^ the Glasgow Spinners , and on the Dublin Trades , through Mr . O'Connell , as well as the several side-blows aimed at Trades' Unions generally , furnish the bod y with a sample of the will of the Capitalists , could they only discover the way of giving it effoct . Recently we have observed a groning and a general disposition in the Trades to revive their old institutions on reformed principles ; and in consequence we have aided their endeavours by such sugg-estione as we considered necessary as well for their protection as for the accomplishment of their object . -
The communications that bc continue to receive from almost every district in England give us fresh nerve and courage in the assurance that our labour has not been lost ; and , as a proof , we beg Ito ; direct especial attention to the report of th » proceedings of tho Trndfis' 'nelega . ti ! Meeting recently held in Sheffield ; the most important feature in the proceedings being the communication made bj Mr . Duncombu , in his letter to Mr . Drury , and the reception of Mr . Drury ' s assertion , that " location on the land should constitute one grand feature in their movement . "
The irresistible use made by Mr . Duneoinbe in the House of Commons of the system of restriction resorted to by the Trades of Sheffield was one of the strongest arguments that was or could be adduced in favour of a Ten Hours' Bill , and a principle whicfh , from its justice and efficiency , has been partially adopted , and is about to be universally enforced , by the Colliers and other Trades ; and to the objections—to the strained objections—adduced by the Sheffield Independent to the wholesome principle , we would offer a few observations .
The Sheffield Independent has done all that we could requirej and more than we could have expected , to place the questions of controversy between the Trades and their masters in a fair , impartial , and honorable light before the country ; and , therefore , our comments upon a very able and extremely well-written article upon the meeting to which we refer , shall be characterised by a similar amicable spirit . The Independent acknowledges the principle of restriction , but would fritter it away in degree by making it only applicable to times of prosperous trade . He holds that it is not only inapplicable , but injurious in times of slackness . Here we differ in toto from
our contemporary , believing that the principle of restriction is merely protective when trade is prosperous , and becomes indispensable when trade is bad . If political truths ripen by repetition , we cannot too often repeat the maxim that has been laid down for the regulation of demand and supply in the Labour market . Take an illustration : if 1000 hands were the required number to perform all the work " ^ be done in Sheffield , —or any other district , it matters not ; and if those thousand hands were kept in full employment , they would receive full wages ; but if a depression in the trade in -which they ar j e employed should reduce the masters' requirement to " 50 , it would be more to the advantage \ of all that ^ the 250
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THE OFFERTORY . TOUliO EXOLA . VD PU 8 EYISM V . OhV > KKGLATID PVSBY 1 SM . No one will deny that the Church has ever been the most impudent beggar , and the most daring robber -. , just now , when the public mind is bent upon the belief that Mother Church has become contemptible by the neglect of her most important duties , the Old Dame seeks to shelter herself from well-merited national reproach by the revival of one of her most obnoxious practices . In olden times , when each parish was a kind of common pasturage for its own flock , and the homely Catholic priest was the single shepherd of the flock , the custom of collecting alms
from those who could spare to relieve those who were in want , existed , and the responsibility of distribution was cheerfully vested in the shepherd . On the enactment of the 43 rd of Elizabeth , the necessity for the system of pew . begging ceased ; and since then the practice of begging alms in the church for the relief of the poor has fallen into disuse . Yodno England has hit on the expedient of reviving the poor man ' s " stake in the hedge , " by means of allotments of land ; and Old England , that is , the State Chubch HiERABCiir , thinks of reviving his " stake" on the platter ; and a great war consequently rages between the Times , as the representative of " Yovtia England Ptueyism , " and the Bishop ofLoNDOjr . as the representative of " Old England Puseuism . " In this dispute the
Times has out-mastered its opponent at fearful odds ; while , if anything was wanting to complete the victory over the Right Ueverend Father in God , a letter in the Times of Wednesday , under the signature of" Silvester , " has clenched the business . " Silvesteb" very properly , Without perplexing himself much about the period at which the system of pew-begging existed , or whether it ever existed or not , comes to the rational conclusion that the offering cannot be voluntary , but must be compulsory . He shows how all the feelings of shame , sensibility , ostentation , and even dread , are calculated to extract what perhaps prudence would otherwise have withheld ; and the writer further adds , that even if the revival of the system was necessary , he doubts the fitness of State-Church parsons to give it effect .
The beggar in Oil Bias solicited alms with a gun in one hand and a plate in the other ; while , with less boldness , but not less threat to the non-contrtbutor , the Right Rev . Prelate would make his appeal with damnation in one hand and the platter in the Other . If this OFFERTOBY has again become necessary , the best way to destroy the necessity for its revival is to restore the 43 d of Elizabeth , by which the minister of the gospel was spared the humiliation of begging . We very much doubt that the poor in any one parish would be one iota benefltted by the success of " Old England ' s" new project .
When the Church is in danger " the noble army of Martyrs" are ever ready to appear as warriors in arms , or jugglers with pea and thimble ; either to preserve a pious ascendancy through blood , or to allay rising discontent by a timely juggle . God knows the rich Church ha * gone far to exclude naked pauperism from the sanctuary , without further endeavouring to thin its audience by manifest poverty or reluctance to contribute to the relief of others when the donors themselves may stand in need of alms , or at least be unable to diminish their little store without personal
inconvenience . Our defence of the working classes against the charge of " infidelity , " and the non-observi' tiro of their religious duties in 1839 , when , as Conisosbi v , uukLsay , the Tories " wanted a good cry , " was their nakedness , and the shame , —some , when religion is iu question , may call it false pvttle , —of placing industry in rags in contrast with idleness and splendour . The impoverished state of the working classes at that period led to thin congregations ; and now that that odious distinction lias been in { i ; irt removed , " Old England" would introduce ( a comparison between copper and silver .
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1 A CARD . The unwashed present their compliments to the dirty clubj ; and while they highly appreciate the value of cleanliness , their principle is , \ Every Man his own Washerwoman . Signed on behalf ofthe unwashed . \ Waters Soap Scrub ; Secretary .
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NORTHERN STAK .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 30, 1844, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct973/page/4/
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