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THE NORTHERN STAE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 241838.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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LATEST INTELtLIGENCE FROM CANADA . American papers have been received containing as Touch information on the movements in Canada as Jill -several columns in the London papers . The accounts are very contradictory . The following is the gist of them divested of repetition . ( From the Albany Argtu . ) From the "West . —Only one of the three mails ¦ due yesterday arrived . The Buffalo papers ' are of Thursday last . The Star of that date says : — * mmmmmmmam ~ mmmm ~ mmmmmam LATEST TNTFJJ . iaF . NCF . FROM
" ¦ & rumour , very much like the truth , has reached this city , that official newshasbeen received Iry Colonel M'ISab that Duncombehad taken Malaen and other towns on the -western frontier Canada , and was making rapid progr * - - « iearryS . OOe men , well armed . If J . ^^ ^ S we W ^ ry li ^ r ^ ^ . £ « £ » of war wffl soon return to ¦ ^ g H * Nab wUiawonly g ^ ttia of Van Rensselaer-for a season , to be me * . Dy ^^ pnncombe and Van Hensselaer in s ^ ich a position that he will be obliged ta fight or run ,
' There ai * many rumours connected with the above , and other matters relating to Canada . One is , that the Patriots -on the borders , of LakeSineoe , near Toronto , bare risen in some force , seized the arsenal of tie North "West Fur Company , and are marching upon Toronto . 11 express had reached the Government-house at Toronto irith despatches , to the effect that Dun - combe , with 300 men and some pieces of cannon , from Detroit , bad taken possession of the Island of 3 Jois Blanc , as has been already mentioned .
" And to balance these accounts is another by an express at Kingston , from the London district , agnedby Jshn B . Askin , stating thata detachment of Royalistboats bad succeeded in capturing , after a short engagement , near Maiden , a schooner with 400 stand of arms , 3 pieces of cannon , and an abundance of ammunition on . board ; the number of men not mentioned , but it is stated that the schooner lost 1 killed , 8-wounded , and 12 prisoners . " Thb Carolike . —Mr . "Wells , the _ proprietor , r f this ill-fated boat , now the subject of" so much and so important controversy , called at our office "this morning to state the following facts : —
" The Caroline was never bought , chartered , hired , or bonded in any manner by the people on 2 favy Island , or any persons in their interest . She was started by himself as a matter of speculation , to run as a ferry boat between Black Hock , Tonawanda , Sehlosser , Navy Island , for freight or passage . She had her regular papers . She carried no flag but the flag of the United States , and had no other on board . - Bills have passed the Colonial Parliament of the Upper Province for the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act , and for the trial of foreigners taken in arms bv court-martial .
( From the Detroit Morning Pent , Jan . S . ) Mot : emexts ix this Quabter . —Operations which have been secretly going ou for months past have jiow come to a point . The Patriots have taken Boi ? BlaneTsland , near "the mouth of the Detroit river , and are now abeut 500 sarong . They have several pieces of cannon , muskets for 2 , 000 , and abanc-. iiiee of powder ^ shot , "balls , provisions , &c . They Lave bad men there , it appears , for several -weeks fortifying the place , and it will be entirely impossible to dislodge them—-volunteers are pouring in from every quarter dail y , and in a week from to-day tlry-will , unquestionab ' - v lave an army of 1 , 000 men . ( From the ~ Bn !' ~ : ore Siin . )
FURTHER FROM THE MICHIGAN FRONTIER . Through the pol : tent ~> ..: " Mr . Clarke , of Boston , who arrived in thi- cm ] : ; - ¦ venirg from . Monroe , 3 Iicbigan , "which pfoce V 03 the ll-. h , we have "been pui in possewoa " f . ^ 11 .-. ^ : _ - " invariant additional ii . telleecc-e ' t < = r . - A lar- ^ e b- inber oi . :: i . r :. :. d and Detroi , under the cm : -.- !'¦ - . - ire ,-left ! Monroe on the 7 tli i" : : v . , -: _ -joined at Gibraltar on tk >• . ";¦ rrlund , together with ~ everr -- ; : > . : ;<* -250 stands of arii-, thr * - - ¦ - -:- -roci of
provisions , & ; -. - ; in .: ; u .-ard 01 the stbonnf r ~ r ^ ~ - ' - .-::- ^ T , opposte ^ L . i-L- : ¦ ::-:. 7 ] attack on the " ¦ - . ~ v ~ T- t-nc-e proceed ~ o ' ¦ : > ¦ ' , ' .. "Whil e on the-r w :.- - •• :...:, ontaining 30 men , sem . ... :.-.- ! -. r , and run along wi'tin i . tai >; ii- * -. where thev were hailed by tt > - - . " . . ctuming no answer , were thm . ¦ - > a tract . Thev
were told to lire aru . -Inch threat was immediately put in txxr ¦ :.. d promptly itrurned "by the Patriot—the . / -- ' . as . as was reported , aboct sixty of ihe Lo . >; -. .. itbout reeeivhiir . anv injury themselves . ( " r L- evening of the 9 th the schooner made asothc-i : i ~ :-. -.. t to reconnoitre , when a sqnaii coming up , sj . -, •¦ - ..:: ied , and the Loyalists commenced another c-. n : ¦> : ¦ - ¦ : :-r : g , which was returned by the Patriots , and - .-= / :-. . din the loss of 14 of the latter killed , wbc-a iLc- ichooner surrendered . Colonels Dodgfe aDd Su ' . ht : r 1 ; . iid both wounded .
Our informant nirtb-. -r states-that Governor Mason , of Michigan , made a demand on the remainder of the Patriot forces for the arms taken from that state , which , demand . was c-omplied with , and the Patriot force disbanded . Gr < -at excitement is said to prevail along tbe whole frontier , and a disposition is manifested by tte people to engage in an expedition against tbe Canadian Government , ¦ notwithstanding the reverses the Patriots have xlins far met
'with-( From the National Intelligencer . ) Detroit , Jak . 12 . The capture of the Patriot schooner and stores bv the Canadians disconcerted all the plans-of tbe invading army . They immediately retired from Bois Blanc to _ the American island . Dissension ? arose among them , and some of the officers withdrew from the service . The extreme cold weather produced much suffering . Confidence was gone in the commanders , flT ) d the force has finally disbanded . The papers also contain the address from the Members of the" British . Constitution Society of Upper Canada to the citizens of the United States , and the resolutions adopted by the American residents of St . Catherine ' s , Upper Canada .
After the capture of the schooner at Maiden , the Patriots retreated to Sugar Island , whence they proceeded to BrownEtown , in the Ticinity of Gibraltar , "wbere they are now eHcamped . Governor Mason , the day after the engagement , proceeded down the river in the steam boat Erie , in pursuit of arms belonging to the state , which be obtained and deposited In fiie storehouse at Gibraltar . General Sutherland and suit bad left the day previous for Detroit , where lie was arrested by the civil authorities , tried , and acquitted—the United States Court for that district ieing in session —Judge "Wilkins presiding , General Sutherland pleaded Ms own cause , and when the decision was made known he was enthusiasticall y cheered by the multitude . The General is still in the command , and it is expected that another expedition will be ¦ undertaken without delay .
Great numbers are joining the ranks of the ^ atr iots , eight persons were taken in the engagement at Maiden , who are know on their way to Toronto . The Patriots were forced to retreat "for Trant of arms , proyisons , and ammunition . A bill passed the popular branch of the Legislature of Michigan , making provision for 2 , 000 men "to protect the frontier . ~
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DREADFUL ACCIDENT O 2 v THE BIRMINGHAM AND LIVERPOOL RAILWAY . On _ Tuesday night the trains from Liverpool to Uinningham , which usually arrive in Birmingham at half-past ten and eleven o ' clock , were delayed ¦ until near four o'clock tbe following morning , in consequence of a concurrence of accidents—one of an appalling nature—which befel them on their way thither between Liverpool and Birmingham . It appears that the mixed train , conveyinf a great nmnber of passengers and horses , whilst proceeding down the inclined ^ p lane , ^ of which the -whole Tine from WdverhamptmtoBirminghaminay besaidtocoiigLst , came "in contact with a horse which had accidentally strayednpon the railway from the adjoining fields . The affrighted animal fell , unluckily , acrossthe railsj and tie engine , tender , and many of the carriages , passed over his body ; and such was the violence o
ihe shock occasioned by its resistance to tne moving Tehicles . that the epgine shot off the Hnes with prodigioTLS force , dragging with it down the embankment oifive " or six feet M f k » &e ponderons vehicle , the tender , and several « f the- carriages , smashing some to splinters , prostratiiiSLdiberv and displacing all more or less . The tender TeTT ^ ttpori tie body ^ of one of the conductors of the engiaej- 'i'&b ^ as instanirV crashed to death ; the " other ( his brother ) retained his hold Tipon the machine , and escs ^ e ^ Ssithantin Jnryv The three first carriages contained horsefi , which , of course were - dfeadMly . mangled and 2 > rnised . The next and first " camiwe in . the train containing passengers was irpsfef ^ aaa thrown -apon its aide -npon the railway , but ^ uiarTeHons ^ relate , neither the passengers' inside , bot the guard xtpon ^» tbpv Trao was fcaded headlong into'ihe drtcih
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below , sustained any injury ; the numerous passengers m the other vehicle retained their seatT and —beyond the shock , and alarm , and delay—unstained jio inconvenience . ' . -.- " ¦ " ¦ - ^ MUU ea A few minutes after the accident , the last 1 * from Liverpool came up , but -werewarned V v ^ v m tuna to prevent their running down * " 1 * 6 i tunatepreeursor , which now lay i « " : -fN * W sii order to get iato the other line of . I 1 ffie ' ™*' ' , retrace the ground to "WoK - ^ 1 *^} it nad to whilst in the act of pa ^ ' . « feSft ]^ tBn » fi . no there , other , owing to 8 on > ^^ 8 ^> nl one line to the points of inter ? ' - •» detangttnent of the moveable tender ran ' ' —<* i © n of the rails , the engine and parate ^ - * f Ae rails witfi a violence which sent' - - tkem from the train , which , with its below , sustained any injury : the nmnenvn . ^ ^ tvo « , ^
- aerous cargo of passengers , was thus left without aay means of reaching its destination at midnight , 14 miles from Birmingham . In this situation , the * thermometer being down almost to zero , some remained quietly esconced and half-congealed in their carriages waiting forTelief , whilst others , with more zeal and wisdom , applied their shoulders to the wheel , and by the time the moon was waning , and " coming down" about to appear , they had succeeded in righting the ponderous mass—" Saturn , " or " Jupiter , " I believe—which had so madly shot from its sphere . The relator , a friend of ours , who was on his way home by the last train , describes the wreck of the carriages which they had now reached , as being singular and appalling in the extreme , Tae engine had taken a flying leap from off the embankment , and was standing bolt upright in the field below ; to it clung the overturned tender—the blood of its victim still warm and
reeking beneath its wheels , like a car of Juggernaut . Here were demolished carriages , there a noble horse breathing his last gasp , and on his back , struggling to release himself from the cords by which he was bound to the car . Here were masses of half ignited coke strewed about like volcanic cinders—there pools of water , streaming and bubbling like " geysers , - ' and the disembowelled engine yet faintly breatting , as if in its last agonies—the innocent
ongin and unfortunate victim of all the mischief , still lying , headless and mangled , on the situation where he fell . On every side were ruin and desolation—fragments of machinery , broken walls , blood and dust ; whilst , to complete the picture , the locality came into aid—the strange unearthly light of the iron furnaces around , on all sides , mingling with the quiet moonlight , throwing over the whole an effect which a Turner might conceive , but which it would be impossible for language to describe .
It is a source of congratulation that only one buman life was lost ; but it 13 a painful drawback to the advantages we derive , and tbe pleasures we anticipate from the general introduction of this splendid mode of travelling , that the greatest circumspection and care connot entirely prevent the recurrence of accidents such as those we have described . —Leicestershire 3 Iercury .
Awful Shipwreck a ^ d Loss of Life . — By tbe ship Troy , arrived at Liverpool on "Wednesday , from Charleston , we have the following particulars of the melancholy loss of a vessel , name unknown , wliic-h was run " foul of by tbe ship Trey , on the night of Saturday , the 23 rd ult . * , they are taken from the leg-book of the Trot / : — " Strong breezes from south , and rain ; quite dark . Soon after eleven j > . m . ran foul of a small bri g , not previtusly
seen , although we had two men on the top gallant forecastle , placed there to keep a look out ; the brig swung immediately round upon her starboard or weather bow . Some , one on board . tbe brig called out to put our helm tard up , which was immediately done , and the brig was clear of us at once ; she sank rapidly , and before we had passed each other her hull had > unk with- all on board , and before she was half our ltn -th astern , her topsails were out of sight , and . nothir . it-but iome verv small articles
float-3 from her , nothing large enough to support a man . Two men were observed struggling in tbe water , but were lost sight of before " we could afford any relief . It W 3 « almost instantaneous , and could not have teen rbree iuin ? ues from the time we came in contact before vb- sank entirely out of sight ; put tbe ship round assoon as possible , but couldsee nothing . It blew quite fresh ac the time , with rain , tbe ship under all sail , except top gallant sails ; tbe brig had topsails only . TYe struck stem on , but it all happened so quickly we cannot positively say which way the brig was standing . "We struck her either
forward or abaft the lr . nsts , for she winded round on our starboard "bov .- without getting foul ofourjib-boom . "We judye from c ; rcnn ; stance ~ that she was standing the same way with ( Urselves , and that we struck her stern , or ntar it . because our rigging to secure the bowsprit cv . iljil .-l ...- -. m down vrere carried away without injurhii' ; mi : v- ¦ i them , and the brig swung clear of them . V . t- ] o < : cutwater head ' and handrails , bobstays , -u ;; i : Ul .: i-:. u , f liowsprit , &c . Tried the pump , an-i r .. ui : i j tL , -i ; : ; . did not . leak ; had not seen a sailW !' --. ior - : umv * . Lat . 39 40 , long . 50 55 . " ' > 6
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TH . L YfOT ; Ki ; x . ¦ ¦ ¦ : ? \ ? : _ SSOCIATIOS TO 31 R . TE . Vm ! S o " COXXOR . . —« i s *~ S'lH . —In t ] : e J \> j ¦ >• ¦ / . ¦;• v : last week you were pleased to m-i . e : n 1 x ¦ " . iit-d . attack on our AssociatioE . Aili : d ; :. < . :.. ... appeals that have been made to the lio ^ , « . .:. ; m . ; . s on behalf of the unfortunate cotto-- > : ' .:.: c ;> , you said that A * the first step in this dt- ; -d . _\ course was taken by the Working I \ ien '< A ^ rov .--u . iou . ' "' And then you proeed to say that you utv .: ndtd our meeting to point out the . fallacy of our prut-tcuinjr—and it would seem , because v . e d ; d not } il- ! d to your dictation , we have grievously offended . Sir . re * are exceedingly obliged for yn » : r uuu ^ uul Vu o ¦ - ^ uiour in speaking oat the ] t
venom 01 T ^ "Ur >" ^ •* itriir lunmiaop liac Ti » tliaT' * - « venom 01 yr-tr . ^ ii- ; :. , ; . uur language has hitherto been cmtiously iuipn-rtk-al , founding in inuendos , wishing Ly the Lacknicd phraise of" "Syhi g-Maltbusian , ' " working-class coadjutors , " and such like terms , m convey a ? laniie " ou . s meaning , your courage never till vow i-21 . bodit .-d iu plainer language . I ^ ow it so happens that yuu do not speak the truth when yon say that tie tirst step in this "deadly course " ( which you are pleaded 10 call it ) was taken by us for the _ Committee . uf Trade Delegates were the * first to petition Parliament on the " subject , and their motives in that step were doubtless as pure as our own—that of endeavouring to remit the sentence of the unfortunate men . Indeed , the odious colours in
which the press depicted the proceedings of Glasgow —the horrid recital of oaths , secrecy , murdering , and fire-raising , said to have "been committed by the Cotton-Spinners' Association , had created in many of our minds ( as we have nodouhtit had on thousands ) a strong iini-rc-ssion of their guilt , until the trade delegates from Glasgow had fully explained to us the whole of those horrid charges which were gleaned together over a pL-riod of twenty years , to suit the purposes of their prosecutors . " And we appeal to Messrs . M' ^ isb , Cuthburtson . and Campbell
, , whether they were not urgent in their desire that the whole affair should be fully investigated in order to prove the innocence of the men , and to remove the foul calumnies which a corrupt press had fastened on the Cotton-S pinners' Association ; and through them to a great extent , on Trades' Unions in general . The feelings which conscious innocence " inspires caused them to court the fullest inquiry into their ajairs , and we appeal to every reflecting mind whether we were wrong in seconding their praiseworthy exertions . But , sir , it is your evident
intention to impress the working classes with the belief xhat the inquiry into trades' unions in general originated with us . So far from this , we appointed a deputation on the 9 th of January last , to wait on Mr . Connell whsnever he came to town , to knew his reasons and intentions regarding the inquiry he had threatened to make several weeks previous , so that we might be prepared to meet any evil arising from a partial inquiry- in a House of Commons con ! stituted as tiie present . Indeed , as most of us are members of Trade Unions , we have the motives of self-preservation to be tremulousl y alive to every circumstance . that may in any way injure or impair the usefulness of trade societies . But when the black charges of conspiracy and murder are made against a trade society , and when the lives of five men are jeopardized b y prejudiced pubHc reelin mini it little
gs , we . serves the purposes of justice- or humanity to shrink , or advise shrinking from that investigation which would serve to dispel the one , and save the other from destruction . Sir you might have beat the big drum of your own vanity till you grew sick of its music , and revelled in your own selfish idolatory till common sense taught your audience that the sacrifice was greater than the benefit , had you been pleased to excuse us from worshipping at your altar . But no , your own . vain self must be supreme—you must be " ' the leader of the people , " and from the first moment that we resolved to form an Association of working men , and called upon them to manage their own affairs , and dispense with , leadershi p of every description ; we have had you , and jpatriots of your feelings , continually in arms against us . -=. . _ - .-
^ Toa have made three or four attempts to get up Associations in London , where you might be "'the leader —not brooking that working men should dare presume to think of princi ples , instead of trabhc idols . You have foiled in all your attempts . You have christened public meetings " as great associations" to suit your purpose—yon have dabea yourself " the missionary of all the Radicals of
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London , " your constituents being your own presumptuous boastings—you are " the founder of Radical : Associations ;' - ' heaven , savf our ignorance 1 pi Wot out the memory of Cartwright , Hunt , and Cobbett —you teU the country that you alone nave organized the Radicals of tendon—and tell the Londoners the wonders ytfflr genius has performed in the conntryyofi fearry your fame about with yon on all occasions , to sink all other topics in the shade ^ fyou are th e great "I am" of politics , the great personification of Radicalism , Feargus O'Connor . Could self idolatory do more without blushing than you did in -r- , __ »_ -..--A « .. ^ ..- ^_ v _ : __ ..-.. _ - __ > . _ :-. _
your paper of last week . The mechanics of London met to hear the statements of the Glasgow delegates—their eloquent and pathetic tale annihilated the prejudices formed by a corrupt press—you intruded yourself on that meeting in opposition to a resolution that none but members of trade societies should speak . In your expressly made report , your sympathy to the Cotton Spinners , gave about a dozen lines of what all others said , and about three columns of your own speech—whole sentences , in which , by the bye , you had not the courage to speak , though you had the vanity to insert them in yourpaper . ' .
We beg to remind you that these sentiments have been called forth by your slanderous attack on us ; you would have it believed to our prejudice that we have been neglectful of the interests of working men , because we choose another path from yours . But time will show , and circumstances soon determine who are the real friends ; whether they are " the leaders of the people , " who make furious appeals to their passions , threatening with fire and sword—or those who seek te unite them upon principles of knowledge und temperance , and the management of their own affairs . : "We remain , Sir , your obedient servants , the members of the Working Men ' s Association . Signed by the Committee in their behalf .
"William Isaacs , type founder . John Cleave , bookseller . Edward Thomas , warehouseman . - Henry Mitchell , turner . -Richard Cameron , brace-maker . James Lawrence , painter . Thomas Ireland , warehouseman . John Hogers , tailor . / Wm . Pixon , surgical instrument-makei James Jenkenson , engraver . Arthur Dyson , compositor . Robert Hartwell , compositor . Henry Hetherington . Treasurer . " Wm . Loyett , Secretory ; 6 , Upper-Northplace , Gray ' s Inn-road . -
With more candour than was observed towards Mr . George Harney , with reference to his correspondence with Mr . O'CoNNELL , I subject mygelf to much inconvenience in order to give early insertion to the above communication ;" ; which , for lack of argument , absence of charge , weakness of language , and want of truth , is likely to stand for some time unparralleled in the art of composition . I postpone any reply , which consideration may tell me it requires , till next week ; and pay my friends the compliment of deferring the antidote until ; the poison shall have corrected itself . I cannot , however , avoid pleading guilty to the slovenl y impeachment of vanity—for I am vain enough to think that I have rendered the cause some service .
A word as to the facts : —true . I obtruded myself upon the committee of the Trades meeting , hut not upon the meeting itself . The speech delivered to the Trades as reported in the " Stur , ' ' was nearly a verbatim report—and , in my absence from Leeds , the address of the Delegates was omitted contrary to my express order , for want of space . The omission , however , was supplied by those other papers which very properly reported tbe speeches of the Delegates , while they modestly Dispatched nie in about a dozen lines . Let those with unshorn chins , blistered hands , and fustian jackets , read the " occupations of some of the subscribers to the document , and the bubble bursts .
Real Working Men ,. you see the boast of having driven me from London ,, while I was the first to make the charge , in my speech to the Trades ; but rely upon it , that neither cloaked enmity , nor open assault shall sever me from the ranks of the people . After the visit to Mr . O'Connell , upon his return to London , I should have preferred the substance of the communication to the mere announcement of the fact . But hold , suppose 1 were to plead guilty , what would be the punishment for the most serious of my offences ?
The greaterpart of those gentlemen who addressed me belong to the Fine Arts , and with the exception of perhaps the gentlemen compositors , I do more real work in a week than tliw perform in a yeST ' t , F - O'CONNOR . P . S . For tbe future I must request that any communication with which I may be honoured frorn the Working Mens Association , may be sent on Wednesday , in order that it may take its legitimate place in our columns , as from the place which it row irregularly occupies , ittlepiivesourreadersbfau article upon the value of : the working classes .
The Northern Stae Saturday, February 241838.
THE NORTHERN STAE SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 241838 .
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GENERAL ARTHUR O'CONNOR . : : ¦ . . —— '"' ^ n ' . v " - ¦ ' . - . ' ,. " ¦ Surely it is not taking too great a liberty with pur readers , to claim a brief space for a biographical sketch of the patriot , with a splendid portrait , of whom we this day present the public . Arthur O'Connor , in early life , was ordained two large livings being in his family , which , in addition to an independent landed property were designed for his patrimony , the state of the Irish church politics ,
however , rendered our hero an uncertain prop for the support of a profligate and tottering faction , and after his debut in the service of the church , it was discovered that his sermons breathed something very the Clerical Horse Guards , that he might sell out , like Democracy , whereupon he received orders from which he did before his promotion endangered his senatorial eligibility . He was afterwards called
to the Bar , but in a short time felt disgust at taking the pittance from the oppressed , for their defence against a system of oppression , of which his address to the Irish nation , and which we publish , will furnish a specimen . Arthur , shortly after , about the year 1793 , was appointed High Sheriff of his native county , Cork , and discharged all the duties of that high office , in a manner in which they had not before , and have not since , been performed- From the powerful ability which he evinced , and from great family influence , his uncle , Lord Longueville , had
hopes of converting him into a tool , to serve the purposes of the Pitt party , in the Irish House of Commons , and Arthur was there upon returned for the Noble Lord ' s borough of Philipstown , in the King ' s county . Shortly after bis introduction to the Irish parliament , the" great question ofJ'lG ^ hoiic Emancipation came before the House , in May' 17 ' 95 , when O'Connor in a speech seldom equalled and never surpassed , either for eloquence , delivery , diction , or patriotism , paralyzed the House , astonished
the nation , and disappointed the servile expectations of his profligate uncle . Upon the following moming Lord LoNGtrEviLLE entered the room , as his nephew sat at breakfast , and thus addreWed him . " Arthur—I have heard with sorrow of your Tashness , however , as it might have been the result of some false notion , or misconception , I have called with your speech , as reportedin the morning paper and have also brought with me my will , in which you are left as my heir , (" the property was £ 20 , 000 a year , " ) and I have also got the consent of Mr
Pitt foi conferring the title of Longtjevillk upon you . Now Arthur , you must either put iIjV will , and the letter of Patent , or . your speech Into the fire . Arthur ' deliberately rose from his thair ; raised the kettle and consigned the £ 20 , 000 : i yi : V and the title to the flames , observing that th < y \ -., / , dross and would perish with him , wiile . bis ; . , ; ¦
would live ¦ : after ^ him . We shall not : - . Patriot ' s fame by any attempt at an eulo , i ' shall leave him for the present , and , i < - conclude the : biography of the . ' oldeM . . virtnouB and ^ consistent Patriot that li ^ ¦ :. any-other age or country . In the m ., ..- : : famish our readers with the . pros . . ; announced the -opining" out of his piq - ¦; . " Press " ^ and likewise his " addres- ' - nation" "HipoD the prosecntion of » "
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the ; Government ¦ && SZ ^ % M « jfc& ern Star ^ a JalflOtic IrlaK p > p <* , by miUtary force . Itt every jojle of tibae ; ^ oh I that the breath 6 f 0 W J ^ orth /^^ ar ^ may but equally raise tiw » cause of liberjfcy arid frjeedoin ; and then , if the advances in the glorijous cause of democracy cannot : be ingiifed but by Martyrdomj may ; : oaT . V ' . 5 for' ;» ^ a ^ -b-e - . s ^] ec ^^ - "to ^ t ionattyranny , provided in its ^ expiring throes it » - ^» ' ^ ""' ^ ¦ ¦ - - - ¦ =
shall communicate the one elective spark of Union , A-hich must ever be the forerunner of liberty . The Portrait with . ^ which we present oi ^ rre iaaers was taken from bneexequted when the Patriot was some what more than fifty years of age he is now verging upon four score , and is in the fortieth year of his exiie ,- ; for struggling fot those change which the people of England how seek to : accomplish . Arthur . C' 6 onnor is the uncle of Feargus O'Connor " . " .. " -- ¦;¦ :. ' ¦' /¦¦'¦ - ¦¦ ¦•• : '¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ '' :- ' -: 1 ¦ : ¦ '¦ "
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FLOGGING IN THE ARMY . The direction which we have given tne public mind to this subject must not be lost sight of . In addition to the refutation , elsewhere given , to the cB | yges brought against Mr . HlGGlNSj we are further authorized to state thaty that gentleman was absentfrom Leeds , ; at the time of the taking of the saddle : for which Rbyi , ANCE was flogged , as also at the tiraewhen the Court Martial took place . We further hold in our possession the receipt of Roy-XANCE , signed by himself , for all claims stated to be demanded by him , from Mr . HiGGiNsV but now
we must advert to the general subject . ' Our former statement ^ as to the fl ogging of six men of two troops of the 15 th Hussars , in little more than five months , remains uhcontradicted . The case of Roy lance was of ) that nature which we again assert should have gone before a civil ; tribunal , and , therefore , we shall call loudl y for some information . As to those offences for which , by the articles of war , noldiera can be punished , by sentence of the ^ Court Martial , we have frequently acted as counsel for men charged with haying stolen goods ,
watches , regimental clothes , and other apparel connected with military appointments ; but we never before heard of a man being flogged for an offence which might be tried at common law . We once defended a soldier for stealing two shirts and a pair of shoes from the trunk of his comrade , and he was acquitted , whereas , no doubt the evidence would have been sufficiently strong to subject him to the cat . Now a Court Martial is more a Court of Honour than of Law , and the fact of being suspected , is almost tantamount to a conviction . In
Ireland there is no ' class : of crime more frequent than that of poor people stealing frommasters , landlords , and employers , from whom they cannot without expense renew their just demand . In such cases , the judges invariably make the distinction , and administer the mere name of punishment ; whereas , such plea before a Court Martial , would be , wholly overlooked , and if pleaded , would be rather an aggravation than a palliation of the offence . The only remedy which we can suggest , in order to make flogging in the 1 army unnecessary ,
is the ^ substitution of reward for punishment ; making promotion take , place from the ranks , and drumming the reprobate out of the corps to which he had become a disgrace . The army then would be an honourable school for the military education and training of the soil of a citizen , who , under no circumstances , should be bound to the service for more than seven years . We have had the promise of two Members to bring the case before the House of Commons , . an"d we pledge ourselves to persevere . Indeed , if the military and civilians
would join in a petition for the Abolition of Flogging , and the Repeal of the Poor taw Amendment Act , the prayer , we have ho doubt , would be immediately granted . ' Every grievance complained of by ' soldiers , if couched in proper language , shall always find a place in the Northern Star , - and as we only publish weekly , and may thereby leave matter susceptible of contradiction unexplai ned for that period , we shall henceforth publish no correspondence without its
being authenticated by the real signature of the writer , when we shall instantly send a copy to the other party , in order that the attack and defence may be placed in juxta-position , and that the public may form their own judgment . There cannot be any thing more revolting than to see a human being tied neck and heels to a sort of gallows , and inhumanly lacerated and tortured b y his own comrade , who if ;* man , must doubly feel the torture he is inflicting upon his brother soldier . From suoh brethren , good Lord deliver us . ,
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ELEVEN HGIJRS * BILL . ' . "' " . ' . ; - ' ? . ' ;' . •' . - . ; ¦ . ¦; . \ Ve have received two communicatious , informing us , and desiring us to inform the public , that two individuals have lately visited Huddersfield , Dewsbury , Batley , -and otWr towns , for tbe purpose of privately obtaining signatures to an Eleven Hours Bill Petition , purporting . " to emanate from the Mill Operatives of the West Riding . We have watched tlie movements of tlieseparUes for some weeks back , and purpose , in our next , tp . have some little to say
both to them and their emplpyer . s . We apprehend they are but harmless animals ; lacking not , certainly , the will , but gr ievously deficient in the power to do mischief . It may be as well , however , that the Mill Operatives generall y should be cautioned . The Devil , for the accomplishment of his purposes , sometimes assumes ; the . ' .. form of an angel of light , asd we know that it is a common trick 61 these scoundrels to ask for signatures to the petition for Ten Hours' . We advise all onr friends to
read every petition before they sign it . The Ten Hour ' s petitions always emanate from public meetings , not from individuals . With Gods blessing , we ^ will tell these " iieittlemeW' a few af . their own secrets next week . ' . . ¦ "•' ¦¦
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. , - . — .. ., / wppf . ... ; . - . : ¦ . ¦" . London , Feb . 2 ist } 1838 . TO THE EDITORS OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Gentlemen , " - ' ' , •'¦ :-, . "' . ' " "' - ' : ¦ " . " ; ' ' . Notwithstanding the vast importanee I attach to the W bi g-O'CoNNELL-Monied-Class-Conspiracy against Trades' Combinations , I must postpone the additional remarks I intended to make upon lit this week , in order to make room for a topic of more pressing ,, and scarcely minor . iinportance . . I allude , of course , to the debate in the House of Commons last night , on Mr . Fielden ' s motion for the REPEAt of the New Poor Law Act , and the still more extraordinary result in which it
terminated . ' , : \ Will it be believed that after all the murders and suicides resulting from that Act—that after nine-tenths of the People of England have ret corded their abomination of- it , ^ . nd ; even their determination t 6 repeal it by force , if necessary--ihere were only seventeen persons in the ¦
Reformep House to support Mr . Fjelden ' s two / kw , and that not less than ihfee { hundred and nine 4 ;« . ferf , . far the continuance of Starvation ^ Slow MarSer , Infanticide , Suicide , and the other ghostly < ' « H ( tfho } rQrsdevcti pedm ^ IVv Gentlemen , make room , ^ if possible / for the whole of Mr , Fielden ^ s speech . It is not very and
Uniii . as renorffirl . * nA \ a »^^\ . n . a ^ 11 .. - « . . ' ' r ^ ^ w 6 rth a Volume of commen-- ¦ fy : I shall be very brief , In ^ order to give ydu ¦ oom lor it . Mark the first important fact he states -: i tact , altogether slurred over b y Russell , i I r . ^ vicK , and Co .,- ^ the fact that it was proved by > Ir . Dalies in . 1795 , that a reduction ^ of no less
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th ap ^^ j 50 per ^ cent . had ew « W ^( i ; 95 ) taken place inthe wages bf agricultural laboureW , as compared with what they were in the fifteen ^ centtiry . ; Good Grod I if that were thei ease in 1795 ; when machinery and paper-money were but commencing their reign , what must it be now after more than forty years--o * their desolating ^ sway-f . . - ^' ind ,:- ; I : i ^ e ^ . ' ; &o ;^; ag ^ in ^ machinery and papef-money themselvesj butinreference to the monopoly ^^ established over bdth bythe money-mongering and propertied -classes ;; : Wb * - here is at least 50 per ecnt ., or one-half of tQe ^^^ petty of the labouring classes , confiscated in favour
of the rich ; an undisg ^ se a iswgfephjg ; robbery < otthe poorest and best part of the population in favour of the least numerous and least valuable , arid the rob bers , not content with that spoliatibn ^ r-a spoliation equiyalent to at least twenty or thirty millions a-year—would now . rob the labourers of their ni ' serable claim to ^^ par o chial r eli ef ! It is actu ally maddening to think of such atrocity , but ^ infinitely ' more maddening still , to think of the people ' s tameness in submitting to it . In truth I begin to think writing and talking to be of little use . Unless the people bestir themselves , and take their affairs into their
own hands , there will be nothing dbn ^ . I aiii sick of politics ; for the longer I am engaged in them the stronger and stronger is my conviction that nothing but the people ' s own right arms will save the people . Look to the other facts detailed by Mr . FiELDEN . After contemplating the robbery of the labourer in wages , look now to the robbery , of hini in rates , Jin 1818 the poor-rates were £ 7 , 870 , 801 . Iu March , 1837 , they were only £ 4 , 044 " 741 j or little more than one-half ! That is to sayj one-half the labourers '
property in rates was confiscated between the years 1818 and 1837 ; and though the confiscation is still going on ( accelerated of course by the New Poor Law Act ) , the confiscators are not half satisfied ! "In Lancaster county , " says Mr . Fielden , "the decrease in rates between 1835 and 1837 is 17 £ per cent } in the WestBAding of Yorkshire 21 per cent . ' Pretty well this , in two years , under the Starvation Act ! At the same , rate of confiscation , the workpeople of those two counties would have all their claims swept away in just five years ! Yet the
confiscators dare talk of the rights of property I wait a little . I shall shortly , I hope , be in a condition-to publish Six Letters on the Rights of Property , which if extensively circulated and acted upon by the population at large , will leave the confiscators' property not worth a twelve-months' purchase , unless they repent of their ways , and mate ample restitution of the stolen goods in their possession . Now look to another fact stated by Mr . Fielden . It appears from a return made to the House of Lords , showing the expenditure for in-dodr main *
tenance and estiiblishinent charges for oae year , ( ending December 25 , j' 836 , ) in 125 Unions , comprising 2 , 312 Parishes , ; ind l , 6 G . 6 , 1 . 50 soulsthat while the maintenance of the in-door paupers averages only £ 5 . lls . Id . p-r head , 2 s . l ^ d . ' pcr week for each person in tln-e Union "Workhouses , the establishment charge ? nvenige £ 9-. Ii 5 s . 8 d . per head for the year , it . is . "• Ud . per week for each inmate in those V . orV . , se . s- in other words that the svpcriiitiuidt : <¦> ¦ ' . ¦ p : ; . , < :, - ( iinder-tlie New Act , ) costs -I .. .. y , : ht' Unions specified , unwuv . s n ¦¦ .-.. mnr .. thiui
it costs to feed a ,, . - ,- ;• ... If this be not the perfectt . ' U -. , ; i nhbery there is no lueutn . \ ' -lurk the additional fuct i a . Iielden ' s own .- "borough . . . iv ' crred to , the t'xji-id- ! . . -,,,. jaupers of Oldhiun , w ; ; , .. ; on tl ) e populaUon o ; . , , says j £ r # F . "Js . Ojd . / , ¦ ¦ x'uMkhmcnt
charges alone ( O , ' ¦ ;><>' >¦ population of these 125 £ , "« . •<>« . ¦ .. . M f . 1 . indignantly adds— " Why , the ., ..- ; > i a , * ( au < be forced on » ty constituents i ,. v ,. d bayonets ! " The tuisvver is , becaiis . -, .. < U generate people of England are either . ! . ! , or unwilling to meet the . argument of In ¦ , ' .- ; ind bayonets by the counter-argumunt o : l ' ];<•< . and barricades . Thi . s is the onl y argumciii . that has ever convinced tyrants or robbers sime li . e world began , or will ever convince them till the world ends .
After all , it is oul y wustiny ; time and deluding the people to argue statistically upon the rates as if the eonfiscatoTS attached any great value to savings made in that . quarter , or as if the spoliation committed on the labouring classes was to-be measured by deductions made from the poor-crates . What the millions require to know is—that the New Poor Law Act was passed—not for . the sake of saving the rich a few paltry millions a-year in poor-ratesbut in order to place the whole of the labouring papnlulion uHhe utter mercy and disposal of the
mowed or property-owning classes . The attack was ostensiblj aimed at the rates , but it was covertl y and . intendedly levelled at wages . It has been repeatedly shown by Mr . Cobbett that the effect of the New Poor Law Act would ultimately be to take some 20 or 30 millions a-year from wages , and transfer that amount to the land-owners , and middle classes . The reason is obvious . If the unfortunate workman is to have noparochial relief excep t on the
revolting conditions attached to it by the Act , he will work for half-price rather than encounter the horrible part of the alternative . The debate of last last night contains evidences enough of this—where for instance , is the labourer that would not work for 6 d . a-day rather than be imprisonfid in dens of infamy in which such scenes as the fpllowi g occur ? The thing is really so horribl e than one can hardly commit itto paper : —
TT ' / Sl ^ ad ^ bee H says Wr . Fielden , ABOMINAe-a ' ° minatl ° ns practised in the workhouse OfAmpthillof the most horrible description . He had been told that the porter at that workhouse had made it a place for the corrupting of the niale youth of thecouutry . Severalyouths had been spoken of as theobjects of this man ' s wicked attempts . It appeared that one youth had been committed to gaol , perhaps to be tried for his life , on the charge of
liaving inflicted severe wounds upon the person of this porter ; but , if report spoke true , it would appear also , that the conduct of this porter towards the same youth had been such as to make theporter liable tpbe tried for a , capital offence . The : youth being in gaol to be tried , the porter had left the neighbourhood , and , as -was alleged , had altogether disappeared , although he , as the prosecutor , should , as ^ a matter of necessity , be expected to be foremost at tnetnal .
No wonder Mr . J . shouldhavejinintroducingthis subject , described it as , " a something infinitely more horrible'Vthan the preceaing horrors he had described . ' '• ' Something so horrible that he hardly knew ' ¦ ¦ . how to aUude to it . "—Add to this , Mr . BowEN ' siescription of the effects of the water-grueV of the % Bridgewater Unibn ^ andAve haye a climax of hprrb ra , to which no country , savage or ciyiliz ^ can furnish a parallel . "If the water-gruel'' says Mr . B . « did
hbt ^ affect the poor people so much at first ; but after the use of it for a few days , they became '; terribly bad , it ran a ^ ay front thetn while standing upright , as they took it . It affected them upwards and downwards , all the way down stairs , across the hall , and dppr , the garden path was all covered every morning , and the jtench was horrible , all through the hoyse , making the people ill and sick , who had riot got thediarrhea '' : ! //
There is the system , Men of England ! for which 309 of your representatives voted , last night , and which there were only 17 virtuous enough to oppose . Will you endure it any longer ? Will you suffer your wives and children to endure it ? If you do , you deserve to endure it for ever . BRONTERRE .
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The following cbriespondence arose out of Aa ; ^^^^ ifnbKsHe&Bt we ^ «? S& Star . The wholfe jnitfer » before the p *\ m ^^ K ^^' ¥¥ ^ tiratlett ^^ S tS refr ^ Sf-P ^^ - P * ^ ** pnbUcatioa' % & ? regret , lest . itsterm % may be misconceived , V 7 ; f ; : ¦ \\ v ^*^ . : jstor - Q ^ , " i ^; - -v ' ''' « - V Feb . Vlst ; 1838 . " ihS t- W ^ nrea . with your letter bfthe 17 th lbstant yestert& y , at Preston , when : I instahfi , started for tfeedsVlest my absence should cSS any in . ct * ivenrence . First , I beg to Rive my l ^
^ newspaper As proprietor ^ I hoId ' myseU t £ ponsible foretery word that appears in the S £ ^ whether ^ tt enbymy ^ orone of my At the head of thatcorrespondence which ^ ieS the ^ Ster , I state that I am not responsible fetg contents ; but , of course , Inever would resorttoS subterfuge ^ . anungentiemanlypretertforbecominj a licensed slanderer . My opinion bf the duty off newspaper proprietor , is as follows :- ^ W )«» arenort
Acueuung upon the cbaracter orconductef any indt viduaV appears in his columns , he isbottnd to opea them for the defence of the accused jarty : andlf th f onginal matter has been accoiwaniea by an editorial commentary , ; , 'I conceive t&t he is ^ alsa cauea upon to comment upon the defence -and in the event of such course being denied to the agerievS IfrtJ , I ; : hold itaamatter of right and jusllfSlt res o 2 r ^" " ! i consider himself personallyj *? ^ ' t ?"' -- come to the material part of your letter , which is as follows v— - < . ¦
1 " ¦ ' « . ^ t I ! P ^ ve to te false all the parts of tW letter which treats me so severely , may I ask von as a gentleman , what reparation would be dufe to me at your hands . If I hold ia my possession Rov-W s receipt in full up to the 1 st of July , allowing his claim for coach-fare , how could Colonel Badcbck have interfered ; . and what could be the decision of a ^ courtmartial ^ ' if , when on his defence for stealinR the saddle , he merely denied the fact ? Now , Sir such are the facts . " ' '
To this appeal I can give at once a most unequi . vocal and straightforward answer , and such a one as 1 trust will meet with your : approval , ; and that of eyeryhpnpuraBle man , namel yv by taking the most prompt , efficient , and intelligible mode of heaW that wound which I unintentionally inflicted . Relviril completely upon , the veracity of your statement f « h » U . . have much pleasure in publishing such refuta tioiras you shal ^ think proper , or resting satisfied with the evidence now in my possession I claim
, r my own justification , as well as for your perfect satisfaction , the liberty pf doing that which honour dictates and conscience approves ^ namely , the publication of the enclosed article upon the subject in tlie next number of the Northern Star newspaper I trust that this course will meet with your entire ' approbation ; and assuring you that I : feel much more pleasure in healing , a wound than in inflictinc one . - . " . ¦' .- . ¦ . . " . ' . ' . - ¦ v ; p
I have'the honor to be , .: Your obedient servant , FEAHGUS OfCONNOR . ¦ e t v ' J ^^ February , 21 st , 1837 . - tJiR , —1 have this instant ; perused your letter together vvith the paragraph you propose insertirig in the Northern : Star of Saturday next .: ' I '¦ ¦ shall only say it is fuller than I should have required and satisfactory in the highest degree . Accept my best thanks for your kind consideration in quieting jny feelings at the earliest period ! It is just : what I should have expected from a gentleman occupying the station you do in society . - ¦' . ¦ ¦ . "' - . -: : ¦¦ ¦'¦
On my statements you may rely . : i : beg to enclose you Eoylance ' receipt , and . if it were desirable to show him in difterent colours from those the "Lover ofjustice '' drawsbimin , astatementlhave ¦ b y . me would accomplisb the object . In your very liberal sentiments relative ^ to the : responsibility of in editor , I most , fully concur . . : I have the honpur to be , Your very obedient Servant ,
B , HIGGINS . Extract from the Court Martial Book of the 15 th . Hussars , relative to the trial of Private Burton . ^ " 1 saw two men struggling near the back gate of the Barracks , and on going down there I found Sergt . Clarkson and the prisoner . I saw the prisoner strike Sergt . Clarlcsoh two or three times . I pulled him awayfrom him , and in the struggle hefellon the ground ,, where , ! kept him until one of the guard came up , when , t- ; gave . him charge . He was under the influence of liquor . . . . . :: : ¦>¦ .. ' .. ¦' . ' ¦ ¦
; • : • -:, : j . sttrman , ; . . ; . , Cornetand R , M . 15 th HussarsV ' Leeds Barracks , 21 st Febi 1838 . - ' .. ¦' ' '¦' . ¦ -, ¦' ' ¦' ¦ '¦ -.. [ We have been favoured with the above extract by Mr . Sunnan , for . whicli ^^ we feel inuch obliged ,, andwillingly give it ihsertiori , - ' as a complete refuta- ' tion of the charges made ngainst that gentleman in . the letter which I published last week , with reference to the case of Private Burton ; the extract is from the sworn evidence of Mr . Surman . ]
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' '¦' ¦ ¦; ¦ THE PRESS , ; : : No maxim is more true faan tbis , " That noLiberty can survive the Liberty of tlie Press . It breathes a soul into the body of a ' people .. It forms their mariners ,, and by teaching them their duties and their ¦ r ight * , arid inspir ing them ; with the sentiments of virtue and courage , by which both are tobeenforced i introduces thtj empire of reason : to . the ¦ universe . It is the vestal fire , upon the preservation of which , the fate of nations depends ; and the most pure hands , officiating for the whole community ^ should be incessantly employed in keeping it alive . Bntitmust be ackiipwledged , that by spme fatality of late , the Press m this harassed country has been either negligent or apostate ; it lias been a sentinel asleep on its post ; :-or , ail open deserter , active against tn » people and their cause , in the service of which it aftected to volunteer .: To flatter and betrayhas
, been too often the practice of those who have sought popular confidence— mpney , and not principles , was their object ; and it is not surprising ^ that what was sordid and niercenary . in-. the" beginning , should , in tlie end , be perfidious and corrupt .. So many and so sad : haye oeeu tlie appstacies which have takea place in this respect , that a scepticism humiliatiDg and derogatory to the Irish character ; has obtamed , and the best disposed men , with great reason , have been led to dpubt the existence prapnre patriotism , unalloyed by any-mixture bf the selfish passions ; they have seen the Press introduced tpthem in all the chams of a virtuous virgin , shortly degenerate and receive the : private embraces of ^ the Minister behind the curtain ^ or act the bolder part of a public prostitute . The Northern Star , put down by military interposition , must be acknbwledged to be an honourable exception to the people of Ireland .
ADDRESS TO THE IRISH NATION . Countrymen , —Since the conviction and se'hterice passed on the printer ' pf the Press , a / clause has been pointed out by the ^ Cptnmissioners of Stamps , which lay lurking in one of tbe late'Parliameht ' s acts , unknown to the lawyers ; . whereb y a printer convicted of a libel shall be deprived bt his property , in the paper iii which it had been inserted . jB y this law , in such perfect cbnformity with all the Other acfc « of a Parliament , which , in the words of a great and a . good inan , "has taken more from the liberties , and added more to the burdens of the people , " and I may say , stained the Statute Book with more penal laws , than any Parliament that ever yet existed ; it has become necessary that on the SDor of the lnstanti
from this unforeseen clause , another proprietor should come fprward to save the Irish Press fx < im being pot d ! own . To tterfonii that sacred office to this best penefactorGf mankind , has devolved upon me ; and rest assured I wUl discharge it vdth fidelity to you and pur country , until some one more versed in the business can be procured . Every engine of force and _ corruDtion nas been employed by these lyiinisters , m whose hands , unfortunately for tie present peace , and the future repose of the nation , unlimited power has been vested , to discover vrbether I was the proprietoriof the Press . ^ Had they sent to me j instead of lavishing your mon ^ y amongst perjurers , spies , and informers , I would have \ M them , what now 1-telVyou y . I did set up the Preity
though : in a legal sense I was not thi& proprietor ; nor did I look to . any remuneration ; and I did so , be - cause frbm the time that , in violation of property > in subversion of even the appearance of respect for the laws , and to destroy not only the fi ^ edom of the Press itself , the ' present Ministers demolished the Northern Star ; no paper in Ireland , either from being bought up , or frpm the dread taxi horror of being destroyed , Would publish an account of the enormitie 8 , which these very Ministers had been committing : where they not only suffered a lawless banditti of sworn extirpators to destroy theproperly » to rase the habitations , and to drive thousands of the
ruined families to th ^^ flos t distant parts of conntry , for want- of protection "; but where the strongest suspicions rested , that they had given ; encouragement to such diabolical acts , under the name of ibyaltyj and the mask of religion ; where theylet loose > an excited soldiery ; 'to commit acts of outrage whicjvno invading army of any country in Europe , would have practiced , without violating those , laws established amongst civilized nations ; where the torch had cousumed their houses and property in entire 1 districtsj and summary murders had been wantonly perpetrated ; where thousands have been hurried into those multiplied : dungeons , and thousanos
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f-: ¦ ¦ - "" . - - - .:- ¦ - - ¦ -- . : . - ¦ - -- ' : . ¦ ' . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . - - •• - ¦ ::. -- ;¦ " . the KO&T ^ m . ' :: V ¦' ¦ :. y- K : ^ r : i - : r ^^ ^~ mKmm ^ **^^^ SS * emmmSmm—mmimm * m ^ - - < r . ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ - " ¦ ^ . r-.,- ; S-i- ;;^ . :,: - - ^ ; ' ¦;¦¦ , ' : FhIBHIJAII ^ 24 . 1838 . ¦ i ¦¦ ^***** " ¦ —¦ —— tsmssma— - — . ___ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ . - --. , ¦ - . * . - ¦ ¦ .- .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 24, 1838, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct994/page/4/
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