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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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acknowled gment of their present success ; for the real founders of the Guild have helpfed themselves with all their might , with a very notable result . It would also he a declaration to the world that steady industry is what they rely on for the tangible material advantages : which will lead the way to that social and mental elevation of women which we , and all men who love and honour them , truly desire to see them attain . The watchword of our journalistic chivalry is not the Murat mockery of the Bayard and Dunois cry , " Honnenr et les Dames / " but the quite new motto , "Justice pour laFemme . "
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GOVERNMENTAL DEPARTMENTS . I . —The Privy Council ( continued ) . 3 . THE BOARD OP TBADE . It seems that , during the Commonwealth , there was a Government Board or Council , somewhat resembling in its functions and objects , the Committee of the Privy Council , now denominated The Board of Trade , inasmuch as it was charged with the duty of considering "by what means the traffic and navigation of the public might be best promoted and regulated . " As a permanent department , however , the Board of Trade has existed only from the year 1786 , and it is , without doubt , one of the most important , and , we may add , one of the most
efficient of the public departments . It takes cognizance of all matters touching the trade and commerce of the country—home , colonial , and foreign ; and advises other departments on all questions relating - to them . It now has also the registration of the mercantile marine and . the licensing of steam-vessels , as well as ^ the superintendence of the Schools of Design . The construction and working of . railways are now again / placed under its inspection . It superintends the conduct of bills affecting trade or commerce when introduced into Parliament ; and undertakes all the inquiries preliminary to the granting of Charters with limited liability ? _ . _/ ,.
-The Statistical department , which was formed by Lord Auckland in 1830 or 1831 , is ! of great value . Jt has to prepare returns moved for in Parliament , and . to furnish such statistical information as may be required by any member of the Government or of the Legislature . It has allotted to it also work of a permanent kind ; such as collecting , classifying , and putting into appropriate forms , the various and detailed specifications of the revenue , commerce , and general statistics of the country and of the colonies , annually laid before Parliament in a
printed volume , as also a resume" for the decennial volume . It compiles and publishes the monthly accounts of trade , navigation , and shipping ; prepares and interchanges the statistics of the British Empire with such foreign states as may be disposed to effect such an arrangement ; and generally collects and arranges every thing that pertains to the statistics of the foreign , coasting , and colonial trade of the empire ; the manufactures , occupations , consumption , and offences of the people ; our imports , exports , duties , and drawbacks ; and the
tonnage , &c , of British and foreign shipping . The Board of Trade , properly speaking , consists only of the President and the Vice-President , to whom are referred all general questions , and who have the superintendence , direction , and control of the entire establishment . The Staff of the department , however , is divided ints several bodies or sections , each having its particular branch of business to manage . The following , as for as we can discover , exhibits the entire establishment , with the salaries received by each : — 1 . THE BOARD . President ( £ 2000 ^ , Mr . H . Labouchere . Private Secretary ^ to President ( £ 300 ) , Mr . T . G . Baring . Vico-Preeident ( no salary ) , not yet known . * Private Secretary to ditto ( £ 160 ) , Mr . G . A . Bowring . Joint Secretaries ( £ 1600 each ) , Sir DeniB Le Marchant and Mr . Porter . Assistants to ditto , Mr . H . Hobartand Mr . J . P . Ward . Registrar of Pupera ( £ 600 ) , Mr . Noyes . Librarian and Precis Writer ( £ 300 ) , Mr . G . A . Bowring . Clerks , nine in number , salaries from £ 90 to £ 500 ( £ 2163 ) . Oflicekeepor , Housekeeper , Messengers , and Porters , salaries from £ 70 to £ 130 ( £ 916 ) .
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POLITICS IN THE STOCK EXCHANGE . In its Sacred column the Times is obliged to recognize political truth . On New Year's-day , the paragraph winding up the estimate of the Commercial Year contained an appeal to Englishmen , warning them of their duty to watch well the doings of the Continental powers , and consider whether commercial security was possible under Absolutism . " Every- merchant and capitalist must also be a politician ; and it is for each man to satisfy himself , according to his peculiar views , whether the principles of government at present in force throughout Europe are such as to insure the maintenance of economy , the
growth of public happiness , arid the free extension of peaceful enterprise . History affords no parallel to the utter dissimilarity of system that now prevails between England and her neighbours . Whether that dissimilarity can long continue , or whether an equilibrium is ultimately to be brought abouf by gradual approaches , or by a sudden convulsion , is a point which none can determine . All , however , can estimate its possibilities , and decide whether they are such as should awaken caution . " Couple this with the past policy of the Times in the same department—thai of discrediting foreign stocks as what they manifestly are , insecure , and pointing to America and our colonies as alone affording fields for
safe investments . In another column our readers will see that even the Morning Chronicle , a convert to the Ministry since the alleged accession of certain Peelites , recognizes the American desire for the Anglo-American Alliance as a great fact , an indisputable and irresistible fact : reluctantly , but without qualification , it confesses the existence of that which we have striven to create .
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SOCIAL R E F O R M . " NOTKS OF A SOCIAL tKCONOMIST . ' THE COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS OF ENGLAND « XII . "A rational Government will attend solely to the happiness of the Governed . "—Robert Owen . At the third Congress of delegates from the cooperative societies of Great Britain and Ireland , in 1832 , sixty-five associations were represented , numbering 32 , 980 members , but possessing funds only to the amount of £ 10 , 464 . Now , in the town of Padiham alone , in addition to a * ' store " well stocked with groceries , drapery goods , and every article commonly used by a family of the middle or working class , a large mill has just been completed , which , by April next , will have in it 360 looms . This mill is the property of seventy-seven ( £ 100 ) shareholders or associates , all of whom are working men . They have already raised the funds necessary for the building ; and , when the machinery shall be in full operation , the proprietors will have a paid up capital amounting to seven thousand seven hundred pounds .
The diecussion on cooperation which recently took place in this mill between Mr . Ernest Jones , the well-known barrister , and Mr . Lloyd Jones , a delegate from this Central Agency in London , deserves the attentive consideration of all social oeconomists . ( See Report in the Preston Guardian and Christian Socialist . ) Mr . Ernest Jones undertook to vindicate the following propositions : —>
" The errors of the present Cooperative movement , showing that it carries within it the germs of dissolution , would inflict a renewed evil on the masses of the people , and is essentially destructive to the real principles of cooperation ; instead of abrogating profit-mongering , it recreates it ; instead of counteracting competition , it reestablishes it ; instead of preventing centralization , it renews it ; merely transferring the r 61 e from one eet of actors to another . "
In this discussion Mr . Ernest Jones showed himself less tolerant than even M . Proudhon , who , while condemning the imperfection of- the system of cooperation , as taught in 'certain Socialist schools in France , was yet compelled to acknowledge that , in the cooperative societies , the principle of antagonism had been superseded b y that of " reciprocity , " the idea of authority by that of " contract , " as between equals and freemen ; in fact , that an ceconomical and industrial organization of the people had been established . Cooperation * therefore , in its most restricted sense , is simply an application of the joint-stock or mutual-assurance principle , but a decided improvement on the old
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j AN . 3 , ; 1852 . ] ; \ gfr * | U a » i ** .. ' ¦ ¦¦ ' : ¦ . . 13
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* Lord Granvillo reoeived his salary ( £ 2000 ) as Paymaster-General . The Committee on Public Salaries , wntoh eat last Bcnuion , recommended that the united * alary should be £ 1600 ; but Lord John Russell hai •* pressed his determination to keep f ( * t £ 2000 ,
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2 , STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT . Chief ( £ 800 ) , Mr . Albany Fbnblanquev , Joint Assistants ( £ 280 and £ 500 ) , Mr . W . D . Oswald and Mr . R . Valpy . ¦ __> Clerks / four in number , salaries from £ 90 to £ 550 ( £ 1145 ) . 3 . CbBK DEPARTMENT . . Comptroller ( £ 600 $ , Mr . G . Joyce . Deputy ditto ( £ 500 ) , Mr . H . IVJadis . Clerk ( £ 300 ) , Mt . G . Joyce , jun .
4 . BEOISTBT OP MERCHANT SEAMEN . Registrar ( £ 500 ) , Captain Beechey , R . N . Assistant ditto ( i £ 350 ) . Captain W . H . Walker ^ Overseer of Tickets ( £ 183 , in addition to half-pay as Master , R . N . ) . r „„„ Clerks , thirty-five in number , salaries from £ 90 to £ 300 ( £ 5310 ) . . : ' Housekeeper , Messengers , and Porters , salaries from £ 40 to £ 65 ( £ 315 ) . 5 . SCHOOLS OP DESIGN . Secretary and Curator ( £ 500 ) . Clerk to ditto ( £ 100 ) . Inspector of Branch Schools ( £ 500 ) . Lecturers ( £ 500 ) .
6 . ~ B , ATI . WA'r DEPARTMENT . Chief of Department ( £ 1500 , ) Sir Edward Ryan . Secretary * ( £ 1000 ) , Captain J . L . A . Simmons , R . E , Assistant * ditto ( £ 311 ) , Lieutenant Galton , R . E . Inspectors * ( £ 1450 ) , Captains WynneandLaffan . R . E . Registrar ( £ 429 ) , Mr . Duncan Macgregor . Parliamentary andLegal Assistant ( £ 399 ) , A . Barrow , Esq . Clerks , eight in number ( £ 1102 ) . Officekeeper , Messengers , and Porter ( £ 496 ) .
The sum charged on the Miscellaneous Estimates for 1851-52 , including £ 15 , 055 for the Schools of Design , and £ 8062 for the Railway Department , which stand separately , is £ 48 , 457 . There was , till within the last two or three months , a " Legal Assistant" attached to the Board— -Mr , ( now Sir Stafford ) Northcote , who was appointed when Sir James , Stephen ceased to fill the office Of counsel to this Board , as well as
to the Colonial-Office . Mr . Northeote was appointed by Mr . Gladstone , whose private secretary he was , when the right honourable gentleman was made Secretary of the Board of Trade . The salary was £ 500 a year ; but , as the duties attached to the office Were such , as really pertained to the secretaries , one of which has generally been a barrister , Mr . Labouchere has availed himself of the retirement of Sir Stafford Northcote to abolish the office
of Legal Assistant . We may as well just remark here , too , that the Corn Department is confessedly an unjustifiably costly one . The business of the department is merely to receive and arrange the published corn averages , now only for the use of the Tithe Commissioners , and not , as formerly , to regulate the corn trade of the country ; and yet its charge upon the estimates is no less than £ 1400 a-year . Mr . Labouchere has promised , upon the retirement of Mr . Jgyce , the comptroller , to " reconstruct the department , and see whether it is not possible to make some
reduction in' it . " We will undertake to say that a single clerk , at £ 160 or £ 200 a-year , would be quite adequate to the discharge of all the duties of this department . Mr . Jacob , who was Mr . Joyce's predecessor in the office of comptroller , and who died last weekj received a salary of £ 1000 a-year . 4 . COMMITTEE OP TRADE AND PLANTATIONS . This is generally regarded as the same department as the Board of Trade ; and , in point of fact , the members of it themselves give a very vague and confused account of its construction and functions .
It seems to be a merely consultative body , to which are referred certain grave questions of colonial policy— -as , recently , the drafts of the constitutions proposed for the Australian colonies and the Cape of Good Hope . Previous to 1780 the colonial business of ttte country was transacted by this Board ; but , after the appointment of a Colonial Secretary of State , the Board fell into almost total disuetude , until within the last twelve or fourteen months , when it was revived , for the purpose to winch we have just referred . It consists of the following members :- —
President—Right Honourable H . Labouchere . Vice-President—not yet known . Lately , Lord 1 ' Granvillo . The Lord Chancellor—Lord Truro . First Lord of the Treasury—Lord John Russell . The Principal Secretaries of State— Sir George Grey , Earl Grey , Earl Granville .
Chancellor of the Exchequer—Sir Charles Wood . Speaker of the House of Commons—Mr . Lefevre . Such Officers of State in Ireland as are Privy Councillors in England . Right Honourable Charles Arbuthnot . Right Honourable John Nicholl . Right Honourable Sir G . Ryan ., Right Honourable Sir , James Stephen . Right Honourable Sir David Dundas .
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* These officers receive their pay in the Royul BnRineem , i . e .. the three captains , £ 202 . 5 s . 6 d ., and the lieutenant , £ 124 . 14 a . 2 d ., in addition to their salaries from the Railway JJoard . ^ 7 > havo theIr t > ellin 8 expenses .
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 3, 1852, page 13, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1916/page/13/
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