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but he contended ; that the noble earl had passed too lightly over the pinching part of the case . The question was , not the sincerity of Austria in what she professed , but what , was the meaning of her profession in the event of Russia complying with the demand for the evacuation of the Principalities . * He rejoiced to hear that declaration repeated by the noble earl , because sure he . was that th « people of this country—greatly as theVj might be concerned at entering upon the war—much as they fdt the pressure upon their industry
and all the , inconveniences , dangers , and "horrors which war must necessarily pjoduce- ^ wbatever disinclination there might be to enter into a war—the people of this country woiotlcl fieel M-inflnitely greater disinclination to sign a dishoiumrable pe ^^^ c&a ^ j—and a dishonourable peace th ^ would declare that to be which would not effectually bridle the gro ^ mbganibition of Rossis , restrain her within pro ^ 'BttutaiirecoTer from her a portion of those conquests wtwh she wr « tea from her nei /? hboars , and take from her ittJklenll eukraotees by which renewals of this disturbance " b §| efwctoallv and his
of ftte ^ pefceeof * Eturpte ^ aS ^ permanently iptftTentedl ( C % ^^* . ) tteajpeed with noble friend thati " % -ypifa'Atfiii'niiittjiia moment to say precisely what should betheternM / ati which peace should be made ; but he -was ^^ sfied tibit ibe p ^ ple of tbis / counfcry—having expended : a'r 4 ^ 1 afM r si&r ^ v ^^^ ' ^^^ S ^ ^ incredible ' , exer' ranar ^ aTwiifi ^ carmng on the w « --w 0 ald not be satisfied unless they ;| il ^^^ n ^ Mfi ^ tta € aeettrit ^ . was'tohertateni ' not for tte iidepen 3 MC ^ : 6 f Turfceiy alone , but also of the neighbourm ^ ntAt ^ 'Aifunnt ' ' Rn ^ iaif ' ^ and that , above all . it
aalhis noble Md learned friencfLad said ^ was net an object 'Wmmr ^ Wi ^ 'b ^' '» 7 m ^ mr of bonnaeii duty not to d « sOT ; thosegalhult monntaaneeEs whom we had « ncouragea , ! aiid ^ ' !^^' : rresp ^ : ^ to iwhaa ^' ' if we eventually made ' such Items ^ . afetw ^^ : ^^^ me ^ n ^ de of Russia , we should betray our doty , and be guilty of the most disgraceful Ingra-^<^!^«^ # ^(^ t : ! i ; arl ^^ I > erby ) would say that , «• the fiitali ^^« ra ^ iBpaMS » le that the Black Sea could be closed ^ gaiust ^ iJBJaji ^ o ^^«^ tt ' ' . Mi ^ tihe world , or that the JD |^^^^ d |^ eml ^;^^ aere rexsepfcacle for , iBussian filth . Jhey n ) uifca ^ ihave ^ nujbejial guarantees . for -the , peace , of ^ mm ^ m ^^^ m $ & $ m ° jm 4 fe ^ s ™©? im ^^^^ m ^ itiMM ^ mL
^ i ^^ M ® et 1 ia ## »^* arid ^ ecisi 4 , he wassure ^ ouId ^ T ^ saasfactiontd the whole coantry . " ( Ckeers . ) The Earl of ABEai > EEs made a speech that took ' ^ msffieJ 1 o $ : jpyagj ^/ v . iBfo : j ^ oii | ght that ito ils ^ S ^^ f ^ iW ^ V ^ S&'k ^ ** P * j ^ ri ^ tei tbTee months ago * to stinxulate the indignation . j ^^ p ^ H ^ iilg ; pt , tfei 8 ; 5 ? 6 uirfr |; :, agai %$ ^ Eiwgl ^ Jnit , that it wasnot , necessary to , indulge in that elpdnent ana . protracted philippic now . that we are mm ^ m ^ m- ^ ; ¦ -. ¦ ¦ . " . * . - r- ¦ ¦ - • ; ^ jMyi Upbl ^ and learned friend leminds me of old times , aBkAto . ' - ^— — — * & " — * - iliMi a « v J J »— . <»» % & . ¦> -mrirfc ntn bm / v 1 ai >»!» tjM La J 4 . L _
* pleasure , or making kn < d > wn JpMm the F ^ Bncl ambassador WmM 0 Smk ^ «^? feinatipa ^^ n » ch . . ^ # if fi ^ pawryStiBtf 4 » MS $ tfl * mNb ? wa 8 , ispeaking of my nobje and k ^ ed friend then on the woolsack— ' Chancellor , did you caU Hm ? Si ^ ly KeB aco ^ of dragoous . ' " ( Great ^ 'Tubbing to the question tinder debate , XoTd Aberaeen described the war as , at its commeacement ^ o strictly of a defensive character that he could fully understand the cause of that apparent ambiguity of
• expression which had . been reftrred to . The exclusive objects of the war were declared to be the maintenance of the integrity and independence of the Turkish empire , arid therefore it never occurred to provide' against the Turkish conquests 011 the Russian m * $# y . .. ; ' ,: '• ¦ ¦ " . ; ¦ . : ¦ ¦ ' - "No : doubt there might appear ambiguity in confining the objects , . of ithe . vra ^ to those pints' , to which I have adverted , and . in not talcing ^ into view the possibility of any encroachment on the Bnssian territory ; bnt that does not follow the ) east iu the world from any engagements to which wo are a party . "
Austria is an independent power ; " but should she refuse to go further than these engagements , to which all four have been a party , what power have we to compel her to do so ? Austria is acting mow with a view to consult her own interests and the general interests of Europe . Austria is now listening to the advice of that veteran and able statesman , whom nay noble , and learned friend has eulogised , and I cannot doubt will be guided by him , both in regard to her own interests and to the interests of Europe . " "With regard to the conclusion of peace , Lord Aberdeen expressed himself as follows : —
• ' The conditions , I say , are those which can only be described by a just and honourable peace . How that must depend in a great measure upon the progress of the war . If it should bo happen that you find the Russians at Constantinople , it ia perfectly clear that the conditions of the peace may be very different if the allies should find theraaetyea at St , Petersburg . Therefore the whole course of the negotiations muut depend upon the varying progress of events . But I will say , at ull times , aUaoujjb . bent upon obtaining the t which have in viewthe
greaobjects we — securing the integrity and the independence of the Porto , and , as far aa ia reasonable , what is called the security of Europe hereafter—I cannot aay I feel so very apprehensive of the clianco of Kuauian aggression , for lot me remind my noble friend , aa to tliat disnutrouB treaty « f Adrianople to which he refers , that when Ruitaian troops -wore within fifty miles of Constantinople , a treaty , most onerous , 1 admit , was concluded , and most disaatrous . Still there was no acquisition of Turkish , territory made by tho Rusuiaafl . There
were three small poets ia Asia taken , bat not an inch of the Principalities . ( Lord Lyndhturat : The Danube . ) The Danube ? I have already said that I believe nobody has described the treaty of Adrianople as mote disastrous than I have doue myself ; but I say , considering the position of the Bussian armj at that time , almost at the gates of Constantinople , that is a treaty which did not show any gceat exercise of territorial aggrandisement . That treaty r . « s made twenty-five years ago ; and since that period ^ has Bussia got a single inch of Turkish -territory ? Tfie only interference of Russia has been to protect Constantinople against the Egyptians . That was no act of aggression ; it was only a signal service 'which was rendered ; and I think
if we can secure tranquillity for twenty-five years to come we shall not do amiss . I think-that ought to be the object which we should keep ia view . I quite agree with those who , notwithstanding they may be led away by the excitement of the moment and the commencement of hostilities , think that we ought never to close our ears against the voice of reason ; and for one , so long or so scon as I see a prospect of a just and honourable peace in view , most decidedly snail I advocate therj endeavour to obtain it . Thb may not suit the spirits who are more bent upon hostile measures ; but this does oot imply that I am indifferent . Ou the contrary ,
I venture to say that those who most desire peace may be most prepared to carry on war witi the utmost vigour . (< 7 Aeer » 0 -But why ? , Not to wreak ^ vengeance on an enemy for whom , personally , we " can feel no hatred , but to secure with more . certainty and more celerity such a peace as we ought to desire . r That is the reason , and the motive that induce me to carry on J > he war with , the utmost possible vigour ; and I do trust , so carrving on the war , and having these feetincs , which ought to . inspire all Christian nations , we may loofc for . the attainment of that great object in a shorter time than many noble lords appear to tuink probable . ! ' ! ( Gfteera . ) . " ^
, After some brief observations on the part of Lord Beaumont ; the subject was dropped .
' - , « STKUTT . Mr . Serutx entered / on i Mpnday , into an explanation of the circumstances under which he had resigned -the office of 'Chancellor of the Duchy of Jjancaater ;; observing vthat-erroaieous and injurious reports upon the subject had "been circulated . He had been' originally asked to take office by Lord John Eu « selli . on the part of Lord Aberdeen . The otfgir htfa * been unexpected by hftn .. He had known nqth& ^ Jpf the duties of the office , but supposing jt ^ t > | h ; oi ^ glicomparatively unimportant , they could be combined " with ottiers , he , had accepted the offer , stating tliat lie placed his whole time at the disposal of the Government- He found . that the duties of the office w ^ rto ^ not more laborious than wk had expected , and ' also that he had no Parliamentary duties connected with the Government : ^ Such a
state of things was not satisfactory to one who wished to |[ ive his whole time and , services to the cbuntry , but , haviag accepted tke office , he ttad not intended to resign it .: But upon his return to town af tjer w ^ iKitiun holidays , ie received a letter firpm . Loid Jtqhn Euesell , on the part of Lord Aberdeen , the result of which , and of an interview with the fornuer , was hi * learning that the Government were in a difficulty as to arrangements which they thought important , and that the disposal of his
office w-puld' reliev *} them . He found , on inquiry , that all other " necessary arrangements had been made , tUat the acqiuiescence of other parties had been obtained , and'that nothing was wanted but his concurrence . There was no other course for him but to give this instantly . Be denied that there had been any . previous engagement as to his resignation , that , he had been previously consulted as to the proposed arrangements , had had any opportunity of forming ; an independent judgment , or that any condition for his own . benefit had been attached to his
resignation . He had known no more of those arrangements than any other member of the House , and could in no respect be considered a party to them . He added that he had studiously abstained , in making these remarks , from a single observation as to the conduct of any other person ; and that he had made this statement with some paia and much embarrassment .
oxfoiid tmrvBaeiTY bill . The University Beform Bill lias now passed through committee . On the last , sitting Lord John Russell stated that the additional commissioners were to be , the Earl of Harrowby and Mr . George Cornewall Lewis . The secretaries would be , the assistantsecretary employed in the late commission , Mr . Goldwin Smith , and the lleverend Mr . Waytc . Mr . Phinn moved tho addition of a clause designed to prevent credit from being given to students , and by which he proposed to prohibit actions against students for any debts contracted when they were under age . Mr . Henlk y opposed tho clause , believing that the true remedy for university extravagance would be the imparting sounder views to the young men themselves . The Chanoicllor of the
Exciiequek also opposed it , admitting that the evil complained of was serious , but not considering that a sufficient case could be made out for exceptional legislation . After further discussion , Mr . 1 ' jujj n postponed his motion . Mr . Blackutt moved a clause prohibiting the administering any oath on admission to any offlco or emolument in the university or tho colleges . The CaANCELLoa of the Excukquiou opposed the clause ,
and argued that the authorities of the university should have the decision of the question . Oa division the motion was rejected by 109 to 71 . Mr . John Phillimobe moved a clause to the effect that , after the 1 st December next , no person should , on account of his rani , be permitted to pass his examination or take a degree sooner than any other undergraduate . On division thin motion was rejected by 67 to 66 . Mr . Bowtek moved a clause , the object of which was to restore the study of civil law and jurisprudence in the university by making it imperative upon the candidate for the degree of doctor of civil law to undergo a leg ^ i examination . The Chakcbllob of the ExcHEQirEJi \ irge < i that the committee was not
engaged in framing a system of studies for the university . This amendment was withdrawn , and the bill passed through committee . On Thursday the bill was read , as amended , and a debate ensued which led to the defeat of the Government . Mr . Hetwood proposed to add two clauses , one releasing all persons entering the University from taking the matriculation oath , involving the signature of the Thirty-nine Articles ; the other releasing from similar oaths those who take degrees an arts » law , or medicine . This practically amounts 1 o the admission of Dissenters ; and Mr . Hey wood based his motion on the justice of abolishing these tests of *
religion . M > . Coi , LiBxseconded , the motion . On the pairt of the Government , Mr . Sibney H&rbebt explained the course they would take . Admitting that the exclusion of the Dissenters is a grievance , he argued that it should be left to the Universities under the new constitution to effect the proposed change ; The exclusion of Dissenters is neither good for the Church of England , nor politic , nor justifiable . But if they were forced upon the University , it would cciol many practical reformers , whose support they hiwi had hitherto . Not only that , but the ratrpductjLon of theser clauses would imperil the measure in another place . Even if the House agreed to the -first clauseand
per-, mitted students tp eater without taking the matriculation oath , still the end would not be gained ; for the University would be able to impose more severe and distatesful restrictions ; students would have : to attend chapel , and might be made to undergo theological examinations which would exclude them from the University . Tie clauses would not advance the object in view . Mr . Milker Gibson advised the House to vote for the motion without regard to what would be done in the House of Lords . He hoped Lord John Russell , by speech and vote , would make some reparation for his speech and vote on Sir William Clay ' s bill . These tests were imposed for
political purposes ; they formed no 'patt ; of the original constitution of the University ; it is a mockery to ask the consent of boys to theological propositions , which even bishops do not understand , and about which they differ . He appealed to the Government to make it an open question , and permit subordinates to vote without incurring the displeasure of their chiefs . Sir William Heathcote directed his efforts to show that the effect of the amendment would be , not merely to admit Dissenters tacitly , and subject to the meats
anrahge made at the will © f the University , but to force the University to accept them avowedly as Dissenters , and provide for their religious instruction in that character . But it would he im-! pcra&Wfi , !; o make such provision for all the various sects , as had been shown in the case pf the London University . The proposed experiment seemed to him most dangerous . Sir John Eamsdkn supported the motion ; Mr . Henley oppqsed it as tending to degrade the University into a mere place for secular education .
The Chancellor of the Exchequer said he should consider that , as the representative of Oxford , he was betraying a solemn trust if lie assented to the principle which the promoters of these clauses seemed to entertain , that the interests and position of the Church of England had no place in . this discussion . It was all very well to say the Universities were national institutions , and that therefore you must on that account admit all persons to enjoy them irrespective of religious persuasion ; but every parochial benefice in the country was a part of the great national institution , and yet it was obviously no immediate consequence , from tliis proposition , that you were to place the enjoyment of those benefices at tho comiriand of all persons , irrespective
of religious persuasion . On the part of the Church he entertained no apprehensiou from the admission of Dissenters ; but it was impossible in honesty to separate their case from that of the Roman Catholics . tie concurred with Mr . Sidney Herbert in thinking that if due provision could be made for the teaching of religion according to the Church of England , it would bo a great advantage if th « admission ol Dissenters couW also be provided for . But he could not consent to make such a measure a part of tho bill , with the scheme of which it was wholly diacreptint . Ho believed it was not politic to coerce the University upon this head ; nor would tlio cluusc secure the admission of Dissenters , which could in reality onlj depend upon the freewill of the University , fur persons can be effectually ex-
Untitled Article
580 THELEADER . * [ S aturday ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), June 24, 1854, page 580, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2044/page/4/
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