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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE MELANCHOLY MONTH OP MAY . The Poets sing the merry month of ilay , Bat surely Nature nwer looVd so glum . Where are the flowers that make all nature gay * Where are the bees ? Alas ! they ' re all a ham . Where are the blossoms that should gem the boner ? This year they make a very sorry show ; For what with boisterous wmis and pelting showers The buds are blown away before they blow . ' yjlton alludes to zephyr gentl y playing With young Aurora , full of mirth and glee ; If in the present year they'd gone a Maying , ' They must have done so with aparapluk . They bid us forth in May to hear the note
Of nightingale resounding through the plain - This year we should have needed a great coat ' is a protection ' gainst the rattling rain . The murm ' ring breeze is well enough , no doubts That gently dallies with feir Phoebe ' s curls ; But not so pleasant when it blows about Your hatin rapid and successive whirls . Adieu , auU month !—dark , dismal , wet , and drear ! Who call thee merry , know not what they say ; Thoult be the greatest cheat in all the year ! Farewell , most melanchol y month of May ! Chulj&aiaEj Booi iiuAiiiuiuci
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ESSAYS ON NATURAL HISTORY , to-By C ~ Waiebtox , Esq . London : Longman and Co Paternoster-row . *' (( km&uudfnn the , Northern Star of May 3 Ut . ; WeiBontinne onr extracts frem Mr . Waieriox ' s Entertaining took : — THK SOUUBX BPAKBOW , OS THBCSH . ltBbJstoryis butlittleknowntotJieworiaatlarge , and its identity is exposed to be called in question on account rf the name which it erroneously bears . The bird to nWch I allude i » the passer soUtaruu ; in English , the solitary sparrow ; and in itaSan , patterntotitarhu * * The first time 1 ever saw this lonely plaintive songster was in going to hearjnass in the magnificent charch of the Jesuits at Koine . The dawn was just appearing , and the
bird passed over my head in its transit from the roof of &e Palace Odeschalchi , to the belfry of the church of the TwelveAposUes , angingasitflew . I thonghtit had been the Italian blackbird , with notes somewhat different from tboafofour own ; its song was partly thatof the blackbird , ana partly that of the storm-cock , but not so loud as the last , nor soyaried as toe first . I found out my mistake in due time ; and , on seeing that the bird was the true solitary thrush , I paid particular attention to its habits . It is indeed a solitary bird , for it never associates with any o 1 her , ana only with Us own male in breeding time ; ami wen tfeen it is often seen quite alone upon the house-top , trfiere it warbles in sweet and plaintive strains , and continues its song as it moves in easy flight frsm roof to roof . The traveller who is fond of ornithology may often see tliisbird
ontheremainsofthe Temple of Peace , and occasionally in the Villa Borghese , but maeh more frequently on thestnpendons rnins of the Baths of Caracalla , where h breeds in holes of the walls , and always on the Colosseum , where it likewise makes its nest ; and , in fine , at one time or other of the day , on the tops of most of the durches , monasteries , and convents within and without the walls of the eternal city . It lays five eggs of a very pale blue . They much resemble those of our starling . The bird itself is blue , with black wings and tail ; and the neof the body becomes lighter when placed in different altitudes . Whilst I lodged in the Palazzo di Gregorio , ilds solitary songster had its nest in the roof of the celd total Propaganda , across the street "deidueHacelli , " and only a few yards from my . window . I longed to tt
« at it ; but knowing that the Romans would not under , stand my scaling the walls of thePropaganda , in order to propagate the history of the solitary thrush , and seeing at the same time that the hole at which the bird entered was very difficult of access , I deemed it most prudent to keep dear of die Propaganda , and to try to procure the nest from some other quarter . The many promises which Koraan sportsmen had given me , of the nest and eggs of the Military thrash , having entirely failed , and I myself not bong able to go inquest of them , on account of an attack of dysentery , which bore heavy on me , I despaired of obtaining the object of my wishes ; and I should have left Italy without either nest or eggs , had not the Rev . Mr . Cowie , ' vice-president of the Scotch college in Rome , exerted himself , as hehad already often done , in thecause of natural history . Ibis learned and worthy gentleman , sent expressly for a nest to the vineyard of bis college . It was found in the roof of the house , and had four eg ° s
in it The lad who took it had succeeded in capturing the female bird . ' Having examined the poor captive as minutely as though I bad been a custom-house officer , I turned it loose into the world again ; and , as it flew away , I hoped it would have better luck for the time to come . I sent the nest and eggs to England , by a different route from that which I myself pursued . " Bad I taken them with me , they would have gone to the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea ; for in the night of the 16 th . of June , 1 M 1 , mjf sisters-in-law . Miss Edmonstone . nndMiss Heleu Edmondstone , my little boy , my servants , and myself , were wrecked off the Isle of Elba . We had only fifteen minutes to save our lives , before the vessel foundered , and we lost everything except the clothes on our backs . The solitary thrush is seen in all the countries ef the Qtst , up to Syria and Egypt , and probably much farther on . This ted is solitary to the fullest extent of the trbrd . - *
We now return with Mr . Waxebtox to England , and give the following singular account of
ME POWERS OF VEGETATION . In those good days of old , when there were no cornlaciors in England to counteract that part of our Redeemer ' s prayer , "Give tis this day our daily bread , " by hoarding up vast stores of grain , until mouldiness and vermin have rendered it unfit for the use of man , there stood at Walton Hall a water-mill , for the interest of the proprietor and the good of the country round . Time , the great annihilator of all human inventions , saving taxation and the national debt , laid this fabric low iu nuns somt silt v years ago ; and nothing now remains to show the
place where it once stood except a massive mills tone , which measures full seventeen feet in circumference . The ground where the mill stood having been converted into meadow , this stone lay there unnoticed and unknown ( save by the passing hay-maker ) from the period of the mill ' s dissolution to the autumn of the year 1813 , when one of onr not-eating -mid animals , probably by way of a winter store , deposited a few ntxts trader its protecting cover . In the course of the following summer , a single nut having escaped the teeth of the destroyer , sent up its verdant shoot through the hole in the centre of the procumbent millstone .
One day I pointed out this rising tree to a gentleman nho was standing by ; and I said , "If this young plant ? scape destruction , some time or other it will support the millstone , and raise it from the ground . " He seemed to flwfttthis . In order , however , that the plant might have a fair chance of sujcess , I directed that it should be defended from accident and barm by means of a wooden paling , year after year it increased in size and beauty ; and when its expansion bad entirely filled the hole in the centre of die millstone , it gradually began to raise np the millstone itself from the seat of its long repose . This huge mass of stone is now eight inches above the ground , and is entirely supported by the stem of the nut tree , which has risen to the height of twenty-five feet , and bears excellent fruit
strangers often inspect this original curiosity . 'When I meet a visitor whose mild physiognomy informs me that las soul is proof against the stormy winds of politics , * bich now-a-days set all the world in a ferment , I venture a small attempt at pleasantry , and say that I never pass fins tree and millstone without thinking of poor old Mr . Sal ] , with a weight of eight hundred millions of pounds round his galled neck;—fruitful source of speculation to a Uachiavel , bnt of sorrow to a "Washington . CHAKGES IS IBS HABITS OT AXIMA 1 S . My tom-cat , apparent !; an excellent muuser , will sometunes prefer dry biscuit to a mutton chop . Sterne ' s ass seemed to relish macaroon . Did all asses relish macaroon , we might doubt the fitness of the Spanish proverb , "La mid no es para la boca del asno i Honey is not made for the month of the ass . Parrots in cages will pull off their &vu feathers , and eat them by the dozen . Blackbirds , although on very short allowance , caused by the frosty rather , would not touch their favourite ivy berries "tichwere thrown down , in abundance for them in the
t ^ ikn of my friend , Mr . Loudon , of Bayswater . I knew a health y old owl who took her confinement so much to ***« that she refused all kind of food , and died at last for * ant of it . And , when I was in the Mediterranean Sea , I saw a brute in the shape of man swallow pieces of raw fowl touch he had torn asunder , feathers and all , ) with as ffisch avidity as Sir Robert Peel devours our incomes . Mr- Watebtos defends the account he formerly efteot the cayman , * which it appears has been Westioned by more recent writers , or rather a certain * nter in lardner ' s Cabinet Cyclopedia . Mr . Wateh-•<» considers the cayinan to ' be a lizard of an extra-Zz" ^ y s ke . Crocodile ia the eastern name , and T ^ nan , or alligator , the western name for this mon-5 " * s hzar d . He refutes the old feble of crocodiles l ) : r ~" 8 teats over their victims , and devouring their t yoan S ; and relates some striking instances of ferocity of these monsters . Here is one : —
. THE CATMAN . up th Iearl 808 I « ariedLordColUngwood ' sdespatclies Spjjj . ^ noqne to tie city of Angustura , waere-tbe j ^^ SwernorjBonFeupedeYnciarte , resided . Icor-< = & l * i Ttim Mm ftr some tnne afterwards . He was a ^^ "f vast information in the natural history of the * ho » M an 4 had been agreat explorer in bis time . He it . *¦ ** a large map of Spanish Guiana , having made J 5 ftTn !? 0 Wn P 0 * 01131 Surrey of those regions in early ^^ the breaking out of the revolutionary war , ts ^ ? ^ to Canning ' s rambling speculation , was f « n * te !!* to a thousand republics , this true Spaniard < & £ ? ^ King Ferdmana VII . Bnt fortune having deth e i ? IlstIl « n ihe left the Oronoque , and retired to caj ^ " ° f Santa Cruz , where death dosed his mortal ism in ^" ^> wno have more pleasure than pnritan-**« Jrf com » odtioi » i think it no harm , after they fine i afT ™** tte sacred duties of the day , to enjoy a Pfiftc wajv evening , in gay atfire , on the Alameda or "" »» where there is generally a band of music . I
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JXSS ?^** attaChed t o Angustura , and was £ Z ?^ £ ° VenOt Ynciart 6 > when he stoPP « l ™ mchMga certem place , and begged ay-attention to what mark the opening which leads to the Oronoque . " I was on this very spot , a great number of the inhabitants bein-Present , when there suddenly came oat of the river an TJSST- ^" - lt " * " * man d 08 e by me , and earned hun off to the water , where it sank with him to appear no more . The attack was so sudden , and the animal » tremendous , thatnoneof us had either time or courage to go the unfortunate man ' s rescue » Bad resorted to the walk « h , ^ oj . _ i ,
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1 i . aJi * tllc , t ?" ner account of the cayman here alluded to , wnich appeared originally in the HWwiW . there hbrb the best crocodile story we ever rcad-so eeod , that although the work in which it appeared has been published some years , we think it will interest onr readers to transfer it to our columns . The story relates the . capture of a cayinan in the River Essequibo in Guiana . Abouthalf-past fivein the morning , the Indian stole ofi silently to takealook at the bait . On arriving at the pbee he set up a tremendous shout . We all jumped out of onr hammocks , and ran to him . The Indians got there before me , for they had no cUthes to put on , and I lost two minutes in looking for my trousers and in slin ping into them . y
Wefound a cayman , ten feet andahalf long , fast to the end of the rope . Nothing now remained to do , but to get him ontof the water without injuring his scales "hoc opus , h ie labor . " We mustered strong - . there were three Indians from the creek , there was my own Indian Yan Daddy Quashi , the negro from Mrs . Peterson ' s , James ) Mr . B .. Edmonstone ' s man , whom I was instructing to presarve birds , and , lastly , myself . I informed the Indians that it was my intention to draw him quietly out of the water , and then secure him They looked and stared at each other , and said I might doitmyself , but they would have no handinit ; the cayman would worry Some of us . On saying this " cons ™ fe d . a ^ tte y squatted on their hams with the most perfect indifference .
The Indians of these wilds have never been subject to the least restraint ; and I knew enough of them to be aware , that if I tried to force them against their will , they would take off , and leave me and my presents unheeded , and never return . Daddy Quash ! was 18 r applying to our guns , as usual , considering them our best and safest friends . I immediately offered to knock him down for Ma cowardice , and he shrunk back , begging that I would be cautious , and not get myself worried ; and apologising for his own want of resolution . My Indian was now in conversation with the others , and they asked me if I would allow them to shoot a dozen arrows into aim , and thus disable him . This would haveruined all . I had come above three hundred miles on purpose to get a cayman uninjured , and not to carry back a mutilated specimen . I rejected their proposition with firmness , and dasted a disdalnfnl eye npon the Indians .
Baddy Quashi was again beginning to remonstrate , and I chased hun on the sand-bank for a quarter of a mile . He told me afterwards he thought he should have dropped down dead with fright , for he was firmly persuaded , if I had caught him , I should huve bundled him into the cayman ' s jaws . Here then we stood , in silence , like a calm before a thunder-storm . "Hoc res summa loco . Sciuditur in contraria -vulgus . " They wanted to kill him , and I wanted to take him alive . I now walked up and down the sand , revolving a dozen projects in my head . The canoe was at a considerable
distance , and I ordered the people to bringit round to the place where we were . The mast was eight feet long , and not much thicker than my wrist . I took it out of the canoe , and wrapped the sail round the end of it . Now it appeared clear to me , that if I went down upon one knee , and held the mast in the same position as the soldier holds his bayonet when rushing to the charge , I could force it down the cayman's throat , should he come openmouthed at me . When this was told to the Indians , they brightened up , and said they would help me to pull him out of the river .
"Brave squad ! " said I to myself , '" Audax omnia perpeti , ' now that you have got me betwixt yourselves and danger . " I then mustered all bands for the last time before the battle . We were , four South American savages , two negroes from Africa , a Creole from Trinidad , and myself a white man from Yorkshire . Iu fact , a little tower of Babel group , in dress , no dress , address , and language . Daddy Quashi hung in the real-: I showed him a large Spanish knife , which I always carried in the waistband of my trousers : it spoke volumes to him , and he shrugged up-his shoulders in absolute despair . The sun was just peeping over the high forests on the eastern hills , as if coming to look on , and bid us act with becoming fortitude . I placed all the people at the end of the rope , and ordered them to pull till the cayman appeared on the surface of the water ; and then , should he plunge , to slacken the rope and let him go again into the deep .
I now took the mast of the canoe in my hand ( the sail beiug tied round the end of the mast ) and sunk down upon one knee , about four yards from the water ' s edge , determining to thrust it down his throst , in case he gave me an opportunity . I certainly felt somewhat uncomfortable in this situation , and I thought of Cerberus on the other side of the Styx ferry . The people pulled the cayman to the surface ; he plunged furiously as soon as he arrived in these upper regions , arid immediately went below again on their slackening the rope . I saw enough not to fall in love at first sight . I nowtoldthem we would run all risks , aud have him on land immediately . They pulled again , and out he came— " monstrum horrendum , iufonne . " This was on interesting moment , I kept my position firmly , with my eye fixed steadfast en him .
By the tune the cayman was within two yards of me , I saw he was in a state of fear and perturbation ; I instantly dropped the mast , sprung up , and jumped on his back , turning half round as I vaulted , so that I gained my seat with my face in a right position . I immediately seized liis fore-legs , and , by main force , twisted them oiv liis back ; thus they served me for a bridle . He now seemed to have recovered from his surprise , and probably fancying himself in hostile company , he begun to plunge furiously , and lashed the sand with his long aud powerful tail . I was out of reach of the strokes of it , by being near his head . He continued to plunge and strike , and made my seat very uncomfortable . It must have been a fine sight for an unoccupied spectator .
The people roared out in triumph , and were so vociferous , that it was some time before they heard me tell them to pull me and my beast of burden farther in land . I was apprehensive the rope might break , and then there would have been every chance of going down to the regions under water with the cayman . That would nave been more perilous than Arion ' s marine morning ride" Delphini insidens vada cserula sulcat Arion . " The people now dragged us about forty yards on the sand : it was the first and last time I wan ever on a cayman ' s back . Should it be asked , how I managed to keep my seat , I would answer—I hunted some years with Lord Darlington ' s fox hounds .
After repeated attempts to regain his liberty , the cayman gave in , and became tranquil through exhaustion . I now managed to tie np bis jaws , and firmly secured his fore-feet in the position I had held them . We had now another gevere struggle for superiority , but he was soon overcome , and again remained qui « t . While some of the people were pressing upon his head and shoulders , I threw myself oa his tail , and by keeping it down to the sand , prevented him from kicking up another dust . He was finally conveyed to the canoe , and then to the place where we had suspended our hammocks . There I cut his throat ; and after breakfast was over , commenced the dissection .
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GEORGE CRUIKSHANK'S TABLE-BOOK . JUXE . This is a very good number of the Table-Booh . The illustrations arc , as usual , excellent , aud the literary matter this month is more entertaining than in some of the preceding numbers . "A Legend of the Rhine" promises to be a good story ; " Florence Preserved" is a capital quiz , which will be well understood by the dons of " high life ; " " The Stage Lover " is one of a series of amusing papers on stage charac ters , by the Editor ; "The Melancholy Month of May" will be found in our Poet ' s Corner ; * " A Fabulous Character" describes the vulgar notion of what is an editor—his imagined [ happy life and all-potent rule ; his connexions and influence—social , political , literary , scientific , theatrical , « fcc . After describing the editor as he is supposed to be by the imaginative public , the writer next describes him as he reiillv is .
AN EDITOB , as he figures in real life , is quite a different creature to what he figures in the public ' s Arabian imagination . He is , reader , like yourself , merely a man ; aud not , as you have gathered from fictions and reports , a Grand Junction of Rothschild and D'Orsay , with a branch of Dr . Johnson and Joseph Ady . On the contrary , an Editor dresses plainly , keeps no stud beyond the one or two he wears in his shirt , pays the income-tax with infinite grumbling when his salary allows him , but grumbles infinitely more when it does not ; is as fond of Champagne as any lady of fashion , but does not drink it as often , as it costs eight shillings a bottle ; sleeps on a mattrass stuffed with more straw and thorns than roses ; rarely violates the edicts of FatherMathew , and
has no more victims than any one else who has a tailor . ? * # The thousand and one charms , too , that colour and gild his existence , consist , in cold truth , in his devouring—no matter what his taste or appetite may bea quantity of raw manuscripts ; in answering questions about the colour of Prince Albert ' s hair ; in being insulted by every other correspondent ; in making an enemy for life of every contributor whose article he rejects ; in being presented with " the lie" by any member of the aristocracy for saying he has a cold when he lias not ; in being continually solicited to do miracles with his paper which Parliament and the seven wise men could not effect ; in being every other hour pestered for copy!—copy!—copy ! and in stopping np to all hours of the morning in a cold printing-office correcting proofs .
Header , unless you hare had an university education , like bard work , have a soul for scissors and paste , are fond of reading the debates , are addicted to late hours , and are partial to illegible MS ., every-day . abuse , and rheumatisms , remain as yon are , and abjure printers ' devils as yon would impatient creditors . The romance about an editor maybe -very nattering and agreeable , but , believe ub , so it ought to be , to compensate in any measure for the prosy r « rfity ..
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THE CHRISTIAN MYTHOLOGY UNVEILED . io £° , Mitchell . London : B . D . Cousins , lo , Duke-street , Lincoln ' s-inn-fields . [ -Second Notice . ] . We return to this work for the purpose of statins a singular fact in connection with its publicatkm-a fact which , in justice to the publisher as well as to know ™ " reeinquiry' should k matle generally The author of " The Chmtain M ythology Unveiled" was a Scotchman by birth , and , according to present nsages a " gentleman , " because posseted of what is called an "independency . " lie would , however , m a far different state of society—a state which , we trust , the future will see realised-have made good his claim to the tltk nf "^ niw ^ •»
from the fact that he devoted his life to services of good for the benefit of his fellow creatures , and employed his talents and money for the propagation of what he conceived to be the truth , and in aid of those who suffered for their advocacy of justice and freedom . The "Christain Mythology Unveiled " was fi ^ L ? ubl 8 lled ?» vately for the author" in the year 1840 , by the publisher of the present edition . TniB private edition was printed at the expense of the author for cumulation amongst his friends , and having disposed of the copies in this way , Mr . Mitchell applied to Mr . Consws to print a second private edition . Circumstances , however , intervened to prevent Mr . Codbins doing this , andsubsequenU ^ a second private edition was printed by another partybut we request the reader tonote that the first private £ < Jltinn hail fhn nomo nf 41 . n n .. UI . ' ; x . A . i Iluluu ul lro uuuiisircr is
_ „„_ ... „ ,, xo ; me second had not . The first bore the imprint-Prmted for the Author by Benjamin D . Cousins , 18 , Duke-street , LincolnVmn-Fields ; the second was simply , " London : Printed for the Author " tue without any publisher ' s name . Soon after second private edition was printed the author died , andMr . Cousixs hearing of his death , determined to give to the public what had been previously confined to the knowledge of a few . He accordingly set about publishing the edition which , we formerly noticed at some length , printing on the title-page , besides the author ' s name , his own as publisher . He commenced the publication of the work in threepenny numbers , so as to nlace it within the veaeh of all classes , and , if possible , ensure for it a lawre chvuk .
tion . The first number was published , and the second number was in the press , when an article appeared in the iree % Dispatch , announcing the death ot Mr . Mitcheli , and stating that he had bequeathed m his will the sum of five hundred pounds to any publisher who should have the moral courage to print and publish his "Christian Mythology Unveiled , with the author ' s name , and the publisher ' s name , on the title-page . Mr . Cousins , with no thought , with no knowledge , ot this legacy , had already commenced the publication of the work with his name in the imprint . The work was completed—no other publisher attempting to do what Mr . Cousixs had done : and ikm head * vanced his claim for the legacy . Two gentlemen ; whose in
names we are possession of , were appointed executors , with whom was associated a third person of whom we shall speakpresently . The will , unfortunately for the ends of justice , had been bungled iu the making . One of the executors was a witness to the will , withalegacyof £ 50 . Tohaveacted as executor he must have thrown up his own legacy , the law not allowing a witness to a will to be an interested parly . He therefore declined to act . The other executors also declined acting . The carrying out of the provisions of the will was therefore left entirely to a Mrs . JNelsox , niece of the deceased , and by him appointed executrix in conjunction with the above gentlemen . This lady , wife of a Mr . Nelsos , land-baliff to the Messrs . Broadwood , piano-forte makers , on the estate of Broadwoods , near Crawley , in the county of Sussex , is , as well as her husband , Scotch , inheriting all that religious bieotrv . assn .
wated with a love of the " siller , " so characteristic of a large number of the canny bodies of the land o ; cakes . " To this lady Mr . Cousixs made application for Ms five hundred pounds , and was met witha point blank refusal . "To give up the money , " he was told , "for the purpose contemplated in the wiU , would be to devote it to the service of the devil ! " All the other provisions of the will would be complied with , but religious scruples prevented compliance with this one . Mr . Cousins attemptedto argue Ins right , but he might as profitably have " whistled jigs to milestones . " Self-interest and religious duty were too closel y combined to permit the lady coming to any other decision than that of herself fceep % Oe five hundred pounds—of course , all tor the glory of God . Mrs . Nelson ' s conviction is , taat " godlinessis great gain ; " and the eloquence of _ a Demosthenes , combined with the reasoning of a Locke , would fail to change her convictions .
Air . Cousins , of course has what is facetiously called his remedy at law "—a remedy which usually turns out worse than the disease . Whether Mr . Cousins will prosecute his right by legal means we cannot say ; we believe , however , that he has no idea of abandoning his claim . Another matter we may mention . Along with the deceased ' s plate , furniture , < fec ., there came into the possession of Mr . Nelson about 150 copies of the second private edition of the "Mythology , " which the deceased had directed should be given to the
well-known publisher , Mr . Evfinohim Wilson , for distribution . Whether Mr . Wilson ever received thel » oks , weknownot ; but theNELsoxs informed Mr . Cousixs that it was their intention to burn them—an intention which there is but little doubt they have carried into effect . Such stupid and brutal bigotry in the present day is really astonishing . The facts we have stated can add nothing to the merits of " The Christian Mythology Unveiled , " but when a liberal and enterprising man is plundered under the guise of " piety , " and robbed in the name of religion , as Mr . Cousins has been , it is only right that the facts should be made known .
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THE BOOK OF THE POOR MAN'S CHURCH . London : Cleave , Shoe-lane . When , in addition to one State Church , the people of this country are about to be taxed for the support of another—for the endowment of Maynoothis , without doubt , the first step toward the endowment of the Irish Catholic Church—at such a time the extensive circulation of this little work is very desirable . From this booh the people may learn of what they are defrauded for the support of the English establishment and , we doubt not , that , so learning , they would at once solve the Maynooth question by deciding that if one State Church is a great evil , another such Church will but doable that evil . The Book of die Poor Man ' s Church treats of the
following subjects : — " The Unchristian character of a Church Establishment ; " " The persecuting spirit of the Church ; " " The mercenary character of the Church ; tithe encroachments ; how the rich parsons have defrauded the poorer ones ; the sale of livings ; robbery of the poor by the clergy ; " "The indifference of the Clergy to their Duties ; " " The wealth of the Clergy and the voracity of the Bishops ;" " The Church condemned by herself . " The amount of information given on all these matters is astonishing , considering the compass into which it is crammed . As a work of reference it will be found invaluable . We had marked a lengthy extract , but can only find room for the following : ¦ — The state clergy consist of : —
First , —The Puseyite clergy , who hold Roman Catholic doctrines with Protestant incomes . These are endeavouring to bring back into the church outward forms and observances which impress the senses ; such as crosses , images , pictures , flowers , candles , andbowingstothecommunion table . They also adopt fastings and observe saints' days—they claim apostolic descent ; and ascribe to the sacrament , and to the functions of their ' office , a virtue very flattering to their own conceit , but entirely at variance with the principles of the Reformation and with that worship which is "in spirit and in truth . " Secondly , — The fox-mmting , ball-going , and race-frequenting clergy , who hold no doctrines at all , but who receive the incomes of the church . The respectable inhabitants of Canterbury have recently endeavoured to put down the races , because of the grievous evils which attend them , but their efforts have been frustrated by the clergy .
The bishops are generally placed in their elevated stations by thepatrouage of the nobility and the government ; and when so placed they look to their patrons for further promotion . A bishop , if lie pleases the government , is removed to a more lucrative bishopric ; so that sometimes the same diocese has two or three bishops within a single year , none of whom sermiuly attend to its welfare , but msrely wait for a higher stop , to obtain which they arenot unfreguentl y led to act as dishonourable a part in the House of Lords as the mere placeman or pensioner does in the House of Commons . Whether we look at the State Church , then , in itsorigin inits
— goverament-iniUprinciplcs—or initstendeucy ; whether we contemplate its priesthood-its ceremoniesits revenues—or its character , we defy any man to find a single feature of resemblance to it in a New Testament Church . How striking is the contrast ! Light anddarkness cannot be more dissimilar than are a scriptural congregation , termed a church , and an ecclesiastical establishment , denominated in like manner . And if to all that we have said , be added , the uniform hostility of the priesthood to the progress of public liberty and thedimision of general knowledge , we shall have sometolerabfc accurate notion of the evils of a chnrch establishment * " This excellent sixpenny-worth should be in the hands oi every one .
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i * ixn B TAK R . ¦ . De ° 5 . William Laidlaw , EsQ .-We have to exSit efv * £ tf M V * - $ ** & > * r oTthe Sg ^^ ftWAasft ^ tereKil&JSi years past , and a second atkek of paralysis in the course ot last autumn left little hope o ^ permanent recovery . He was still able , however , to cS his interest in passing events , and he retained Is habitual benevolence and serenity to thohKK "li L ™ " to ® T "d Natives 3 ft STA . "" ——————
pang or struggle . A more amiable or affectionate man never passed to a higher state of existence f ° fift " w en »? . ent a * " 1 gi ^ d of the visitors tL ^ SJ & t ? EdS » w » rft . Washington Irving , and Mr . Moore ) have recorded their impvessions of Mr . Laidlaw ' s modest worth , and there is scarcely a reader of " Lockhart ' s Life of Scott" hi any part of the civilised world where genius or virtueis revered , who will hear without a sirii of the loss of that early and attached friend of the Great Minstrel who was ever by his side for nearlytwenty years-wha rambled with him on the bankVof the V ™* m £ mdlar and unrestrained confidenee-who tJitZl ^"" P ^ t wtonce of all his mini PkuS $ tEWr Wh 0 Wrot , e t 0 llis fetation some of the imperishable scenes of his wovks-and who
When discord on the music fell , And darkness on the glory , " was one of the fewko watched over the latest manifestations , and the < mal eclipse of that greatest of contemporary mmds . The deceased was a native of Selkirkshire , born in November , l ? 80 , at , the farm of Blackhouse , situated on the Douglasburn near Traquair . He was the eldest son of an extensive store-farmer , in whose happy family Sir Walter Scott is supposed by Mr . Lockhartto have witnessed some of those traits of genuine worth and primitive hospitality with which he has heightened his delineation of the home of Dandie Dinmont . The acquaintance of "the Sheriff" with Mr . Laidlaw soon ripened into a tender affection ; and the Latter , after some reverses
and disappointments , at length went to reside permanently on the estate at Abbotsford , which he took entirely under his charge . Morning , noon , and night the poet aud his friend might be seen planning out or improving plantations , buildings , and enclosures . Laidlaw knew the value of every acre of land , as Hogg remarked , and of every tree in the woods , with the characters of all the neighbours and retainers . He was the life and animating spivit of that interesting and classical property from 1817 till the death of Scott m 1832 , when the curtain fell on what might be considered a brilliant pageant , or dream of the morning , ending abruptly in blackness and desolation ! Mr . Laidlaw afterwards removed to the north , where his two excellent and affectionate brothers have been long resident as tenants of large pastoral farms ; and he was engaged successively as f ictor on the estates of Seafoiih and Balnagownboth
, in Rossshire . His health at length gave way , and he retired to Contin- ^ -the family of Sir Charles Ross , of Balnagown having handsomely acknowledged their sense of his services , by settling upon him an annuity for life . His time was occupied in reading and studying botany , in which , as in most rural matters , he was a great enthusiast ; but he declined all efforts to engage him in writing a domestic life of Scott , or record of his intimacy with him , for which he might seem to be peculiarly well qualified . His thoughts and recollections , however , were seldom lon « abseut trom that memorable period of his life . He loved to dwell pn the warm benevolence and kindness of his great friend—on his marvellous genius and unconquerable spirit-and one of the last sensations which death , tore from the breast of William Laidlaw was the image of his beloved Abbotsford . — Inverness Courier .
Mcuiture An* Iortimitur*
Mcuiture an * iortimitur *
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i 0 TEST THE STRENGTH OF GoASO . —[ "GuMlO , though no saint , works miracles . "—Permian Saving . ]—Procure a jew ounces of fresh burnt lime-stone , ' reduce it to a nne powder , which introduce into a bottle perfectly "ry m the inside , and keep it well corked for future use , renewing it frequently . Take a tea spoonful of each sample of guano you wish to test , which place in separate cups , and add a spoonful of water , then measure with a dry spoon , the same quantity of quick lime into each cup , m a moment , stirring quickly , and the sample that gives the strongest smell of hartshorn is the best guano .
IIoe Continually . —Your crops being now generally above the ground , your principal attention , ought to be directed to kecpins down the weeds by perpetual hoeing , and your turnips in particular must not be neglected . Tlie triangular hoe , made at Birmingham , is undoubtedly best adapted for turnip hoeing ; tor once cleaning of its three sides cleans three hoes , and the corners will nicely pick out the plants . Do not leave them too thick , and thus lose both in the quantity ; and quality of the crop . Where the rows are it inches apart , from 12 to 14 inches is near enough . 1 eraons short in the back make the best turnip hoers , therefore careful boys may be employed . Very nice work it is too for young girls ; may prevent many a consumption , and add to their bloom . After the hoe has performed its part , let the most promising plant be seized with one hand and the inferior ones removed with the other .
Thakselustisg Swedes . —Fill up all intervals in the ridges of your turnips , or failing places on broadeast lands , with Swede plants . Let your planting stick never rest , keep its point to the root , and insert the plant so farmly that it cannot be nipped up by a slight pull ; and remember that the almost momentary act ot placing a single plant may be the means , without further care- on your part , of providing 6 or 8 or lOffis . of solid food for your cow during dreary winter . On Electricity Applied to the Growth of KLA ^ TS"lf o . elastlneetin E oftneR < 'yannstitution , the Rev . E . Sidney read a communication " On the Electricity of Plants in the several Stages of their Development . At the commencement and at each
division of this communication , Mr . Sidney dwelt on his desire to be considered , not as the promulgator of any theory on theinfluence of electricity on vegetable growth , but as the cautious observer of important and instructive facts . The following six propositions were maintained- . —First , electricity appears to exercise an influence on growing plants . After noticing the experiments of Maimbray , Nollett , Bertholon , Davy , and others , Mr . Sidney mentioned that ha had himself accelerated the growth of a hyacinth ia the common glass jar by giving it sparks , on alternate days , from the machine . Secondly , fluids coutained in vegetable tissues possess a high conducting energy , as compared with the ordinary substances found on the earth ' s surface . In
confirmation of this , several experiments were shown to prove the conducting energy of vegetable points , lneiact was also stated that if was impossible to give an electric shock to more than one at each extremity of a circle of persons standing on a grassnlat . This the operator easil y did when they transferred themselves to a gravel-walk . In the former instance , the current went across the grass , instead of being carried from onchuman body to another . A jar , of forty-six square inches of coated surface , was discharged by a blade of grass in little more than four minutes of tune , whereas it required three times that period to produce the same effect by means of a metallic needle . Mr . Sidney said , however , that probably the blade of grass had many points . Mr .
awney also showed a drawing of Mr . Weekes ' s electroscope with vegetable points , which Mr . Weekes prefers to any artificial ones he has yet tried in the open air during the passage of a cloud . Thirdly , there arc indications of adaptation to electrical influences in the differences of form of parts of plants in the different stages of their development . Thus the moistened germ of a vegetating seed becomes a good conductor . The ascending and descending portions arc , in the majority of instances , pointed . Plants designed for a rapid growth have generally a strong pub'scence . Those destined to meet the variations of the seasons have often thorns or prickles . As surface becomes needed for other purposes , the pointed is changed to the expansive form of the vegetable
organ . As the period of fruitingapproaclics , it seems desirable that electricity should be carried off . Hence the haira , Ac , fall off or dry-away . The apparent exception is that of pappi , which have a special office for conveyance of seeds . Gardeners put metallic hoops over fruiting melons which tends to take off electricity and shade them . Fourthly , Mr . Sidney inquired , whether there are not natural phenomena tending to confirm these views ? Vines and hops arc said to grow rapidly during and after a thunderstorm , and peas to pod after a tempest . As to hops , these effects may bo ascribed to the destruction of aphides , &c , by the lightning ; but as these animals are tenacious of life , the storm which destroys the parasitic insect , would probably also kill the plant which fed
it . Again , it is observed , that there are no plants wherever aimooms , which appear to result from a highly electrical state of the atmosphere , occur . Mr . Brydone ' s observations of thepresence of electricity in the atmosphere of Mount Etna , in places where vegetation was absent , and its deficiency wherever vegetation luxuriated , also indicated theinfluence of plants in distributing atmospheric electricity . This was illustrated by an experiment with a cone of chalk , with a piece of moss on one part . The part without the moss brought near the machine , only slightly affected the electrometer . The moss carried off the electricity entirely . Fifthly , Mr . Sidney suggested the inquiry , whether the forms and geographical distribution of certain speeiesofnlantsdidnotindicate
design with reference to their electrical properties and uses . The prevalence of the fit-tribes in high latitudes was noted . These trees are characterised by their needle-shaped foliage , and it was argued that the conducting power , with which this form invested them , might modify dryness and cold , and aid in tlie precipitation of snow . Mr . Sidney concluded by suggesting modes of applyingelectricity to practical agriculture and horticulture . First , with regard to the free electricity in the atmosphere . Having mentioned some experiments of Mr . Foster , of Iunbrassie , on growing crops , Mr . Sidney described raoQtohons ot tins arrangement made by Professor h . Solly , in Ilk experiments at the Horticultural Garden , and by himself . The latter consist ol wires
suspended over the growing crop from other wires which are kept parallel to the horizon by bein » fastened to insulated rods . Secondly , electricity artificially generated by the voltaic pile . Mr . Sidney has found that potatoes , mustard and cress cinerarias , fuchsias , and other plants , have their development , and , in some instances , their productiveness , increased by being made to grow between a copper and a zinc plate connected b y a conducting wire ; while on the other hand , geraniums and balsams are destroyed by the same influence . Mr . Sidney at present believes that the application of electricity to vegetable growth may be made available in horticulture . The question as to agriculture may be decided when more experiments are tried , and the philosophy ot the experiments fully determined .
Straw as Manure . —I have heard fanners complain they had so much straw , they could scarcely make it into manure . In such a case I would recommend their adopting my plan of cutting it into chaff : with a two-horse power cutter , by Wilks , of Sheffield , we can cut « P about thirty-two trusses per hour . As ray bailiff says , " You may almost carry away a truss in your shooting-jacket pocket when it is cut up . " I find in practice , that it absorbs the urine as it falls , like a sponge , the liquid entering at both ends of the snort cut lengths , decomposition takes place rapidly , the manure is more equally moist , and very soon made ; one cart load so created ia equal to two of long
straw , so we save half our cartage-an important matter . It is quite clear that long uncut litter must remain dry until trodden down and biokcn longitudinally to admit of moisture , the best part of which is oiten washed away before the straw is in a state to absorb it . If you desire to keep your horses and stock clean , it is necessary to spread a little lone straw on the chaff bed , the latter holding so much moisture . Our solid and liquid manure all goes into one tank , and is generally carried on the land in five or six weeks , occasionally pumping some of the liquid from the well on the top of the heap .-Jfteto Letters < m Agriculture .
* niZ l ™ , omo ?— An intelligent farmer tells me he never loses his potatoes in dry or wet seasons since he has treated the sets or cuttings in the following mannev -.-As the eyes or sets are cut they are dusted w th / rwft slaked lime ( slaked imne & beSe ^ SingJ Until theJ are coated witT t nrlSii Gl -T iorms > PWte over them , which prevents the moisture running or exuding , and thus pSiv heia 1 ge r Of spelling or rottfng in a dry season like the last , when the results were forcibly illustrated . A portion of the field was planted with sets in the usual way ( without lime ) on an abundant dressing of farm-yard manure . These shrivelled , were slow in coming up , and were but a moderate f ? T * An * l \ n ^ ltA .. nnX iP iL « i?—1 . 1 41 . — 1 !__ . * . l n *«»» * t * iui * J . « miiwit icab ui iimcu suis weie
. -j-, . me iujiu my ueposited without manure—came up quickly and regulariy--. were an uniformly fine crop of large potatoes , superior in every respect to the dunged portion ; the limed portion received a dressing of two cwt . per acre of Peruvian guano , applied at two intervals after the p lant appeared . This is the third season of so treating the potatoe sets . I have no doubt the same result is partially produced by the practice of Mr . Dimmery , a successful potatoe grower ( as quoted in Mr . Morton ' s book on soils ) . Mr . D . spreads soot in the drills on which the sets are deposited . In this case I imagine the soot adheres to the moist surface of the set and prevents the escape of sap . Both
soot and lime must act as a manure , perhaps b y Bupplymg carbon . The plan is deserving of trial , and seems reasonably advantageous . —Ibid . Extraohpinarv Perfohmaxce . —A short time since a performance rather extraordinary in farm Labour took place in the south of Devon . Mr . Dewdney bet Mr , H . K . Skinner , of Whatcombe , North Huish , near Totnes , £ 1 , that he could not sow seven bags of barley in one hour ; but withdrew the bet . Mr . skinner however was in tlie field , and did the work
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in three minutes less than , the time stipulated i "< u !! Mr . II . K . Skinner has also sown eiglit lings . ; nVi three quarters in one hour and thirteen minutes , over five acres of land on Great Aish Farm , tlie property of Henry Kiugwell , Esq ., in tlie parish oi ' South Brent l—Exeter Fhiinq Post .
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Advice Gratis . —Mr . Baron Aldcrson and Mr . Justice Maule are the most good-natured as well sir the wittiest judges on the bench . The Litter , some shovt tnne since , tried a man for bigamy , who pleaded a runaway wife as his excuse . Thejuihce told him before taking a second wife he should have got a divorce from the first , and explained the whole
process in a very familiar and single-minded manner . Lvery shade of the process was delineated , but noc a word of the costs . It was as satisfactory as a lecture on colours in the Blind Asylum . Mr . ' Baron Alderson , whilst trying the poor wretch Connor , . Iromied a word of advice to his brother coroner , M . "Wakley . ilie latter , indignant at not having the murderer be ?' n ti } ad J ° . ' ne ( 1 Jj inquest < m the victim tine die . Tell Mr . Wakley , " says the learned baron , " when lie next adjourns sine die he puts an end to his authority in the matter . "
Oiuxoe Peel . —The ultra Protestant party in Ireland declare Peel has proved himself everything but Orange Peel . . A Strange Want . — A country gentloman hiia been advertising in the Times for a " Double Brougham . " Lord Campbell has requested us to state , that he has one to dispose of , atany price , which hasnever been used on railways . Should his lordship succeed we shall debit him with the price of an advertisement . Correct Definition . —What is " free trade ?"Holding an Anti-Corn-Law-Lcague Bazaar at Covensgarden Theatre , and charging double the value for every article . — [ This is the " slitling-scale" upwards !]
What is Luxury ?—A . candle would have been a luxury to Alfred ; a half-crown cotton gown to his Queen . Carpets , in lieu of rushes , would have been luxuries to Henry VII . ; gloss windows in lieu of horn , to las nobles . A lettuce to Henry VIII . ' s Queen ; silk gloves and stockings to Queen Elizabeth ; and so on , " ail infuiitntti . " Charles TVaterton , Esq ., author of several works on natural history , in an account of Ins family , tells that oue of Ms ancestors , in the time of Henry VI ., " was sent into France by the King , with orders to contract a royal marriage , and was allowed 13 s . a day for his trouble anil travelling expenses . Kissing without Mejlsbre . — -A Mr . John Jones , writing on the 27 th ult ., to his " dear Betny , " a pretty Cheshire Abigail , subscribed lums # lf her - 'true lover , John Jones , with 2 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 kisses !"
A Family Scese . — " What are you doing there , Jane ? " " Why . pa , I ' m goingto dye my doll ' s pinafore red . " " But what have you got to dye it ? " "Beer , pa . " "Beer ! who on earth told you that beer would dye red ? " Why , ma said , yesterday , that it was beer that made your nose so red , and I thought . " " Here , Susan , take this child . " Another . — " Pa , doesn't all mean everything ?" " Yes , my son it means the whole . " " Well , then , where the Testament says , ' Swear-not atall ' tC
means swear not at everybod y , doesn't it ? " " Joto , put my horse in the wa ggon—I must goto the mill . ' ' "This is tiie Way the Money Goes . " —Ia the year 1843 , eight million one thousand four hundred ' and forty-nine pounds , one shilling , and fourpence , was spent by the people of this kingdom in tobacco ! —a tolerably round sum to " end in smoke . " If the weed had been worked into pigtail ,, rather more than , half an inch thick , it would have formed a line 90 , 470 miles long—long enough to go nearly five times round the world !
Pekl , tiie " Solems Swem .. "—In a seuUiuenUt drama , played at a minor theatre in London , tho chime of a bell caused one of the characters to exclaim— ' I know that peal—the solemn swell , " Ac . This was at once converted by the audience into an allusion to Sir Robert Peel , and produced much laughter and applause . The Lord Chamberlain hag , therefore , ordered that the line shall be struck out , or so altered as to destroy the possibility of the Premier being laughed at as a " solemn swell . " Let both "Jonathan" and " John " . Look Out I —We understand that it is probable that a third
party is about to claim the territory disputed by , England and America , termed the Oregon . Many natives of the sister isle say that , from the namo , there can be no doubt it originally belonged to the O'Regan ' s , aud when they get the " Rcpale" they arc determined to obtain it for the " gim of the say . " If it is good &c notlutvg else to them , it may serve for nn Irish Botany Bay , and when Dan ia proclaimed King he can send his son John there as Governor , with Bishop O'Higgins and Dillon Browne as his Councillors . When established they will expel the Saxons , Americans , and Indians , in the true spirit oi Irish " conciliation . "
" One Trial is Sufficient . "— " Would it were lawful to marry two wives ! " exclaimed an enthusiastic young bachelor , desperately in lovo with a couple of country cousins . '' Try one to begin with , " was the rejoinder of a surly old Benedict . Important to Bachelors . —In the comedy of "Time Works Wonders , " Douglas Jerrold says— . " Women areall alike . When they ' re maids , they ' re mild as milk . Once make ' em wiVes , and they fain their backs against their marriage certificates and defy you . '
1 ? act Worth Knowing . —An antidote for arsenic has been discovered by Dr . Bunsen in the hvdratcd peroxide of iron , a simple preparation which 6 u » htto have a place on the shelves of every druggist fn the Theatricals by Daylight . —A theatre is coivstrutting at Leghorn , the cupola of which is composed ' of glass ; by this means representations by daylicht will be attainable . . b . . A Rational Answer . —Diogenes , beingasked what time a , man should dine , replied , "A rich man v / hon he will , and a poor man when ho can . " " ' . . Please the Pigs . —The curious colloquial ptwiwe , '' please the pigs , " is a corruption of ' please the Pyx . " that is , the vessel containing the Eucharist , which was regarded as the divinity by believers in transit stantiation .
Avarice—In an old caricature of this detestafilo vice , his satanic majesty is represented as conveying a miser to his realm , who during the journey makw » a proposal to supply the abode with fuel at a reasbtK able rate . Wonderful AccoRAOY !!!—In a weighty tome of general geography , lately published , the author ( Her * Stein ) informs us , that" London lies on theserpentine river , which discharges itself into the Thames . " "Too Ignorant to be Entrusted with wm Franchise . "—The mayor of a certain Welsh country town recently issued the following mandate— "Desires you will ordur the widder Jenkins to pere befour me at Town all to raorroh at A lavin , has I mey egsammon hur and pass hur hoam , has she is likerlye to be very true balsam hear . "
To Gentlemen that "Can ' t Wiit . '—A gent courted a lady for twenty-eight years , and thea married her . She turned out to be a perfect virago , but died in two years after the weddintt . "Now , " said the bereaved one , in a self gratulating tone , " see what 1 have escaped by a long courtship . " Broken-head Provident Society . —A number- of poor persons intend to form a Broken-head Society , for the purpose of raising a f ' uml to compensate poor
people whose crowns are cracked by gentlemen of a higher grade . Such an institution seems necessary , as , under the present law , the poor man gets the " kicks , " aud the Crown the " halfpence . " The Ladies . — A quaint writer saya— " I have noon women so delicate that they are afraid to ride for fear of the horses runnins f away ; afraid ' to sail , for fear the boat should overset ; ' and afraid to walk , for fear tho dew might fall ; but 1 never saw one afraid to get married . "
it « ^^ eRate . —A friend of the late Thoi . ua Hoods , afflicted with the same mama , said , with , tears standing in his eyc . H , "Ah , poor fellow—died from motives of generosity—wanted to enable the undertaker to urn a lively Hood . " Folly is the Wig . —At the beginninj ; of the eighteenth century the " wisdom" of onr Ancestors was evinced in the wearing of enormous wigs , costing from thirty to forty guineas . Thieves were constantl y on the watch to plunder the weavers , by unthatching them in the streets . "A most ingenious mode ( sn , yn Mrs . Stone , in her Chronicles of Fashimi ) wns , ibi a thief to cany on his head a sharp boy \ n a covered basket , who , in passing through a crowd , would dexterously seize and conceal the mostaUrai-tive-looktnt : periwig . h
Remorse of Consciesce . —A deeavwl oW centip- ' man , who ended his days in the Gains ! ¦« , , oughwo ; Uhouse , being on his death-bed , and having sometliinjr ' which hung heavy on his mind , df » in .-A the vicar of . the parish might be sent for , who nrrirJiwra haste , the mystery was cleared by the pau | iw telling him , : that , * once upon a time , passing over n •• i-rtnincom- mon , he saw two men putting down a riirertion-post and , waitiug till they had done and left , ho went aii ' . l . , . turned the pest in an opposite direct «> :- . and it i > ut ) t ... ' always been a heavy burthen on his conscience to- • think how many unfortunate travellers lie Lad sent " the wrong way ! " - • - r A Superfluous Wish . —it . a recent public dinner , "" where the Duke of Cambrid ge waa- ^ reourae-in the' ' chair , Viscount Ranelagh proposed the I Vike ' g health and concluded by wishing " Long ears to his -ftovai Highness . ¦¦ ' .- . . . ¦ ., ¦ .
Split in Conciliation Hall . —Toi- » :. Ireland and Old Ireland it fe said , have qua * ,-- \\ about the ' "Godless Education" Bcherne . It F . : ^ BefflS— -w two factions bytheears , itwama , UT . vrj / ' ^ nSrF ^^ whereby the body of duiei people . / i -iJK ^^ 'N benefit . For has not the poet rerL . rl- - ^ niirar ^ ^¦ ¦ certain persons fall out certil !' . ; Ol ! . . ^ 34 V ; " >< ; ' $ by their own V ' * T off * ol — ¦ .. •" .. t £ , •'; # 'J . ¦ „«•"' i "" " * - , y % . A ' - .. ' , y « . j :.. .-, ' ¦> ; ' . V * y&lp ZiplAvM J
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* ** « j ii u O a i n PUNCH-PabtXLVII . months SSrtTft *? * ' . illust ^« oiu in tins months part . ot Punch , particularly •' Papa Cob-^ P ,, S , ^ 8 ter ll 0 berfc . Free-trade Valk ;" zaar " « Ti r * "ft ^ ti-Cwn-Lair League Ba-^ v . o i / he ^'' y Boy who Cried for the Moon ;" Joey Hume the Call-boy of the House of Com-Th £ L nfM ?¦ " $ % the Ro - val Academv . " mhWI ^ rt Caudle ^ rtainLectures ' ^ contained in this part besides excellent articles on various subjects , including theonc on " Sunday Pleasuring , " gn-cn in last week ' s Star , Of course there isako au abundant supply of jokes and fun of all n ^ tf j £ ° i et y r e ud lustration . We recommend Punch to all who love wit and wisdom . ^^ Sg !!? """ '
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For the Week commencing Monday , June 10 th , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diary of Actual Operations on five small farms on the estates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastboufne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Willinedon and Rasffloan « f
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two . private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John pumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of . them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth , Several privatemodelfavmsneavtlie someplace . Theconsccttfeve operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north oi England . The Diary is aided by "Notesand Observations " from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the tune and season , which we subjoin .
" The joys of these little ones shall be continually in the hoped for success ot their labours ; their . thoughts shall be turned a « ay froin . vih&t is evil to that which is good . " Note . —The school farms are cultivated by boys , who in return for three hours' teaching in the morning , give three hours of their labour iu the afternoon for the master ' s benefit , which renders the schools selfsupporting . We believe that at Farnly Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be . assignediothe boys , and one-seventh to tlie master , ivho ulitt receive the usual school fees , hdp the boys to ndtivate their land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , &c , to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmm may be divided , after paying rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to tMr services , and bemadethusindirectly toreach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . ]
SUSSEX . Monday—Wttlingdon School . Boya digging for potatoes after tares . Eastdean School . Boys digging , sowing white turnips , watering , picking off weeds and stones . Piper . Gathering flints . Dmbrell Digging , spreading ashes , sowing turnips , and mixing dung and mould . Tuesday—Wiliingdon School , Boys digging for potatoes , and turnips after tares . Eastdean School . Boys hoeing potatoes , gathering weeds for the pigs , turning over a mixen for wheat . Piper . Hoeing carrots . Jhttnirell . Digging up tare ground , hoeing
carrots . Wednesday—Wiliingdon School . Boys digging for turnips and potatoes after tares . Eastdean School . Boys emptying privy pails , nipping the blossom from potatoes , and thinning carrots . Piper . Drawing litter to the piggery , and mixing it with mould . Dumbrelk Mixing dung and mould . TnuRSDAY—Wiliingdon School . Boys planting potatoes . Eastdean School . Boys di gging between potatoes , hoeing forward turnips , planting and manuring cabbages for winter . Piper . Turnin "
the mixen . Dumbreti . Digging up tare ground manuring and hoeing carrots . Yridax—Wiliingdon ScJiool . Boys earthing up potatoes . Eastdean School . Boys weeding wheat andoats , hoeing peas , and pouring tank li quid between the drills . Piper . Hoeing potatoes . Dumbrell . Digging up tare ground , and hoeing carrots . Saturday— Wiliingdon School . Boya emptying the tanks . Eastdean School . Boys cleaning piggery and pails , watering carrots , and cleaning up . Piper . Hoeing onions . Dumbrell . Mowing clover for haj ' .
YORKSHIRE . Slaiihwaite School . From ten to twelve boys drillin " turnips , sowing broadcast , digging the tare ground ^ have planted 300 cabbages and watered them , with twelve rows of turnips . C . Varley , manuring fer and sowing turnips , mixing peat earth with manure . COW-FEEDING . WilUngdon School . Cows fed in the stall on tares and clover . Dumbrell ' t . Two cows stall-fed with clover
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . Tentative AmYSis .-fNature at all times answers the questions that are put to her—and such questions are cxperiment 8 . » -iicb ^]_ TJnless you are instructed by chemical analysis as to the composition of the soil you cannot apply manure of any kind whatever to crops with unerring certainty ; neither can you apply on all occasions for information to the expert analyst but may you not cause a plant to assume its functions ' and predict its own requirements ? Suppose you wish to take a particular crop from your field . Select an average space of two rods in such field—and introduce the crop you wish to be afterwards grown there . By applying the various manures indicated in known quantities to its different parts , may vou atoBSfttMarcsSffs £ WjLMW&fe £ g of success , with the same vegetable ^™ mty
RAPE .- [ Seed sown , 1 peck broadcast ; or f peck of rape and 1 } peck of rye . J-This is a verj valuable furnnffi ^; ^^^ u ^ e reasS flar ? ha S ? St ?^ % mi 8 h i attaIn to rp g , Ti' 7 « $ * . I * may be sown in drills and &'J £ L ml H > Mw il broadcast frem June to September . The early sown , may be cut in Noverato l ^ -n ¥ " ? m toe following s pring . The late sown nil ! stand over winter , and fetheirst green food in spring . A little rye mixed with it will be approvement . Cows , like sheep , greatly relish this plant J ( neither does it communicate any ill taste tomiiK . tut up the rejected woody stems and mix tnam with turnip or other mash . A crop of turnips may follow both , or winter wheat may follow those sown m June .
Untitled Article
June 7 , 1845 . THE NRTHERN , O
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 7, 1845, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1318/page/3/
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