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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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' ' ' — —— r = ± s : W § Z MtiXQ $ Q \ i& . Health of Loxdos duhixg the Week . —The total deaths registered in the / week were 0 S 5 , and exhibit an excess , but not inore tb ; in 22 above i-hc average . The . increase , as in the previous -week , arises " almost exclusively from epidemic diseases , for the deaths in this class were in the List three ¦ weeks 251 , 251 , 277 , whilst the average doe 3 not exceed 193 . Hooping-cough and cholera are alor . e predominant on the list ; the former having been fatal to 55 children , more than the average by 10 ; and the latter to 49 person- * at all ages . ° Of these 49 deaths from cholera , eleven occurred under 1-5 years of age , 32 between that age and CO , and 6 at 69 years and upwards . They principally occurred in the south and eastern districts . Tiie ' progress of
mortality from this disease during the last four -weeks is marked by the following numbers—9 , 22 , 42 , 49 . The mortality from diarrhoea has rather decreased ; for the deaths from it , which in the previous week were 36 , in the last week ¦ were only IT , triilst the average is 12 . AH other fatal causas which make the largest contributioHS to the weekly mortality , now exhibit the usual amount , or fell considerably under it . The deaths from phthisis have been for a long period Ies 3 than the average ; List week they were 127 , or IS under the estimated number . A man of 58 years died , according to the return of the medical attendant , of " genera ! decay , probably accelerated by voluntary atistinencT ; , after an illness of ten days . " Two
deaths from destitution occurred in Islington worklouse . In Goswell-street sub-district a lady died at the extreme age of 103 years , within two hours after liavin « - taken a dose of laudanum , which had been prescribed by a druggist . The mean reading of the barometer at Greenwich was 29 . 890 inches for the week ; the mean daily reading was above 30 inches on "Wednesday . The mean daily temperature rose from oi deg . 9 min . on Sunday to 67 deg . 3 min . on Saturday , on "which day it was highest . The highest reading also occurred on that day " when it was 73 de < r . 6 min . in the shade , and 106 deg . 8 min . inthesun . The mean temperature of Saturday was Q deg . 8 min . above the average of tie same dav in seven years , though the temperature
of the whole week was rather less than the average . A PfiETESBED Couxr . — At the "Bloqmsbury County . Court on Saturday last , an action was Drought by the Count Amede Augustus de Torri ( a self-nominated title ) , to recover the sum of £ 10 as compensation for an illegal distress . The facts ¦ were as ibllow : —In the month of 2 fovember last a medical gentleman , named Myers , at the earnest request of the count , re-let " a house which he tenanted from a person named Knight to the defendant who promised thai his family should live rent free therein , and that he would reimburse him for the money he had laid out in repairs , fixtures , &c . These terms Mr . Myers acquiesced in ; an agreement to such effect was drawn up , but was afterwards destroyed . In cross-examination it was
shown that the inducements held out by the plaintiff to Mr . 3 Jyers were that he -irould stand sponsor For Ms infant chad , and that he would settle . £ 10 , 000 upon him , which , when he attained manhood , would amount to a considerable sum . lie also represented himself to he the proprietor and owner ofasphalte mountains and copper mines on the hanks of the Danube . Ihr . Myers afterwards discovered that the title of " Count" was assumed , and he therefore put the defendant in possession for JilS due for three ¦ weeks ' rent at £ 0 per week . —Several Hungarian gentlemen here declared that no such title as the plaintiff had assumed was known in Hungary , nor Aimself either . —His Honour thought that an illegal distress had been made , but the damages laid were excessive , and gave judgment for £ i is .
Attempt to escape ibom Hojisemoxgeb-laxe Gaol . —Tor some tune past some excitement has teen created among the functionaries belonging to the above -prison , in consequence of a . determined attempt of three burglars to escape therefrom . The whole of the circumstances were investigated by the "risitinw justices afew days ago , from which we have gleaned the following particulars . The parties in question were notorious housebreakers named Iterant , Marten , and Smith , and were tried at the last Surrey assizes , and sentenced to fourteen years ' transportation . Devant was tried at Kingston in 18 i 7 , and sentenced to ten years' transportation for oreakin * into the Archbishop of Canterbury ' s Palace at Addington , near Crovdon . On the same day
that ho received his sentence he managed to break out of Kingston Gaol , and was not heard of until Thursday last , when lie was detected in the act of committing sacrilege , and when brought to Horsemonger laiw gaol , identified by Mr . Kecnc , the go-Ternor , as the runaway convict . Marten was tried at the last assizes , and sentenced to similar punishment for breaking into a gentleman ' s house near Kingston , but through the intrepid conduct of the son of the owner he ^ vas captured . Smith was one of the same stamp , and being such desperate characters it was judged prudent to confine them in cdc of the strongrooms of the prison . Adjoining the latter a room was fitted up for prisoners who ¦ were allowed by the county to keep themselves with food and drink , consequently those parties were
allowed a certain portion of porter daily . The three burglars , during the time of their incarceration , contrived to got into their possession a pewter pot , which was the extraordinary means of their fitting keys to the cells . It appeared that they were enabled to see through the keyhole , and \ ) y means of tallow and some other substance , take an impression of the wards . They then , with the assistance of apiece of old iron which they sharpened , made a key Gat of the pint pot , and in the middle of the night they unlocked ihe door , and forced their way into a passage called the arcade . Their ingenious key , also unlocked the door of that place , ¦ when they found themselves on the green at the rear of the Sessions-house , the oulor wall of which is about twenty feet high , and surmounted with sloping spikes . Thev had previously torn their
blankets and rugs and tied them together , and had actually attached one end to the spiSes , ready to ascend , wliea one of the watchmen perceived their movements , and instantly communicated with the others . Devant was about to clbab up the wall ¦ when the watchman in question ran to the spot and secured him , and while he was struggling f o prevent the others from escaping , Sir . Iieene and a number of turnkeys came to his " assistance , and overpoxrered ihe others . They were taken back to the interior of the prison , and so heavily iroued as to prevent them making such a desperate attempt again . 2 fot the least blame could be attached to the governor or his servants , as the locks are of extraordinary strength , and it is a matter of surprise how the prisoners were able to make such a key from an old pewter pot . The key is kept as a matter of great curiosity . ¦
Beaxji j . \ a Commox Sjswee . —On Tuesday Mr . H . > I , AVakley held an inquest at the Mitre , Upper-street , Islington , on the body of Thomas "Wheeler , aged 49 , an excavator . —Jlichard Evans said that oaf Sunday inorauig last he was employed with the deceased making a communication between tlic coaunOR sewer , in Urita-mia-To : «? , and a cnttiu-r containing water , -which had run from a < Htcb , and which had Iseen considered a nuisance in the neig-h-Iwurhood . Tiicy had sunk a shaft in the sewer to the depth of ten feet , and were diggin g a tuauiel through to the cutting , when the gravel just above the spot where they were at work suddenly gave water la themThe
tciv , and let a iiocd of upon . shaft besni ; instantly filled , a snac at the surface put down a ladder to ciiabie them to escape . Witness succeeded hi seizing it , aad was dn-nra ^ up , but the deceased was driven by the force of the now of water into the mouth of the sewer where he stuck fa = t He was not released until the lapse of an hc > vr and ahair . It further appeared that the works kwl Leon umJemken at the suggestion of tho Board of Health , and that the deceased and his fellow workmen lm-1 been told not lo cut a tunnel but to make an open psssnse to let the water through into the sewer gradually . —Terdict , " Accidental death .
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ventilation of the mine generally that all the colliers were recovered from the pis within , two . -hours afterthe aeeideiir . Every workmen in Mr . ^ "f , } * esnj . lov is , we learn , furnished with a lamp , and the 5 ££ Z ^ ttZi&& * ¦ S . » «* - - SK 3 K& 5 SJ inst . an accident occurred at the Miiwav Ufa boiUbg at Kosbu ^ vcg ^^ &inof the Kc so ; MjMg h brid consists of SmSSntpS ail of which a ? e up to their £ , £ u ed height , and the arches arc m course of for-Stion The abutment on the north side of the river and the second pier from it , rest on each side iV ^ rvrfeenauarrv , out of which the Btones to
build the bridge have been worked ( this part of the structure not being in the river ); and between these there was an intermediate pier , over which , at the time of the necidunt , rested one of tho large heavv travelling cranes used in lifting blocks of stone and other weights ; the crane , however , as we understand , did not rest upon the pier , but rested upon a self-supporting service way . Between five and six o ' clock eight men were on the crane , engaged in the work of springing the two arches , and ° number of others were working in the quarry beneath , a depth of from eighty to ninety feet ; when , in
without g iving any warning , the pier question rave way with a sudden crash , precipitating the eight men , the unfinished part of the arches , and the wooden framework underneath , into the abyss below , and burying those employed there in the ruins . Surgical assistance was promptly sent for , and the dead , as they were taken from the ruins , and survivors who were in a state to be removed , were , after being attended to , conveyed to tkoir homes . Several of the unfortunate men were shockingly mutilated . It was stated that there are eight who were either killed l > y the faling rubbish , or who died soon after bein < r taken out .
Utility of tiie Telegraph—On Monday morning a pleasure trip left Birmingham for Lincoln , with about 3 , 000 persons ; a few hours afterwards great excitement was caused in the former town by a report that an accident had occurcd , and that five hundred persons were killed . The railway station was instantly besieged by anxious inquirers ; the electric telegraph was immediately called in aid , and in a few minutes intelligence was received that the whole party had arrived safely in Lincoln . The report of such an accident seems to have been a most cruel hoax .
The Effects of me Daxisii Blockade tjpox the Tbade op Hum .. —Hull is still suffering from the continuance of this blockade a degree of mercantile depression unprecedented during a number of years . Week after week have the foreign correspondents of some of the daily journals stultified themselves by reiterating oadife of the certainty of an immediate suspension of hostilities . This fact renders the repetition of the same statements within a day or two past utterly valueless . Meanwhile our noble steamers are laid up , as if it were the middle of winter ; the quays , at this season of the year generally insufficient for the temporary disposal of the bales landed upon them , now present vacant areas ; and the hundreds of labourers ordinarily engaged in the landing , uulanding , or transhipping of cargoes , stand all the
day idle for the want of employment necessary to the support of themselves and families , apart from parish relief . It has been ascertained by actual inquiry , that there are upwards of 2 , 000 men out of work in this port at the present moment ; and on these not fewer than 4 , 000 women and children are dependent . During the past week we have had neither arrivals from , nor departures for , Hamburg ; and the vessels which were recently refused an entrance to the Elbe have had their cargoes unladen . Every day adds an incalculable amount of individual distress , suffering , and want to the already vast aggregate witu which the working classes in lltill are now afflicted , and the baneful iuflueuce of which , is rapitlly extending to the tradesmen and middle classes at large .
Supebstitiox ix Suffolk . —A farmer , in Mildcnhall , got into his head that himself , family , and stock , were bewitched by a poor blind woman , living at Eriswell , about two miles distant . A few days since he walked l > ver to Eriswell , for the purpose of drawing blood from the poor creature , which would , as lie conceived , withdraw , himself , family , and stock , from her power ; he met her in the street , followed her into a public house , and there accomplished his purpose of drawing blood
from her , by scratching her hands with a nail . He has since been fined one shilling and costs by the magistrates for the assault . —Ipswich Express . Fatal Accidext . —A fatal accident occurred to Mr . Hill , jun . ( of the firm of Hill , Hoof , and Hill , contractors on the Birmingham and Stour Valley Bail way ) , on Tuesday evening . On his return from Great Ui-idge , where the recent colliery explosion took place , to his residence at Handsworth , near Birmingham , Mr . Hill was thrownfrom his horse and killed on the spot .
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cablens ¦ preventives of ty ]> liu 3 or other recurrent cpideinic ;! . , : fW win 111 . rant
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Gr . OCK . srKR , Sati / kdat . —Within the lust three days , the cholera , which broke out hero some weeks ago , and lias bcua lingering in the iow parts oi the city ever since , has increased to a- serious extent , anil a larger number of deaths have taken place since Thursday , than in any corrosponding ' pei'iod since its first outbreak . About 100 cases altogether have been reported hero , of which number very nearly one-half have proved fatal , while the recoveries are much less . It is a curious fact , that the disease broke out in tho very same spot as in 1832—viz ., in a close and unhealthy court branching out of one of the principal thoroughfares ( Westgate-Strcefc ) , and where the inhabitants are very poor and dirty . . This is one of the lowest localities
in the town , and the disease spread thence along a district containing a similar population , and living in small streets near to a ditch full of fetid water , the exhalation from which poison the whole neighbourhood . The authorities are about building a cholera hospital , and are taking every step con' siilered advisable for the preservation of the public health . The superintending inspector from the Board of Health , " who some months ago was occupied sonic days in inspecting the whole city , has just sunt in his report . From this it appears that almost the whole of the drainage here is surface drainage , and that when culverts arc constructed they arc totally inadequate to- the purposes for which they were made . A thorough system of drainage by culverts
and sewers is proposed for the whole city . ¦ Bristol . —Dr . Sutherland visited Bristol last week , having been commissioned by the Board of Health to examine into the causes of the occurrence of cholera , and also into the means adopted for preventing its spread . Dr . Sutherland had proposed remaining among us for some days had he not receired a peremptory summons to attend at Swansea . We understand that he expressed his approval of tho very prompt , energetic , and judicious measures adopted by the corporation of the poor , and particularly urged the necessity for payins , as far as practicable , daily domiciliary visits in the poorer districts , with a view to the detection
and early treatment of the premonitory symptoms : The total number of cases in this city from tho outbreak of the disorder has been 75 ; of which number 33 have died , 13 been cured , . ind 29 remain under treatment . With one or two exceptions all of them have been from Itedcross-street and its neighbourhood . It is exceedingly gratifying to know that there lias been no case of confirmed cholera since Tuesday , and only three cases of diarrhoea with choleraic symptoms , neither of which has proved fatal . Diarrhoea prevails to a considerable extent , but where properly attended to it readily yields to treatment . A rice house for the poor has been opened . —Bristol A&rcurv .
Tub Manufactuhixg Districts . — Reports continue to gain ground that cases of cholera are occurring in the manufacturing districts of Lancashire , but great doubt exists as to whether they have boon ot tho true Asiatic kind . Mr . Grainger , of the Hoard of Health , has been to Manchester and Salford during the last week , and preparations have been made for the dreaded disease , should it appear . Hospitals have been fitted up with a large number of beds ; but certain it is there has been no call for them so far . The only well-authenticated case in Manchester during the past week has been that of a
little girl in Cupid ' s-. illey , Dcansgate—one of the neighbourhoods to which the most poor and squalid of the inhabitants resort for shelter . Mr . Grainger visited the child , and said there could be no doubt that it was suffering from Asiatic cholera ; the case , however , had taken a favourable turn , and the girl was likely to recover . Besides hospitals for the sick , it is proposed to have places for shelter in which , should the decease appear in a malignant form in any of the houses or the poor , those who have not been seized may seek refuge till danger has abated , or until they can find a new abode .
LEED 3 , —We aro glad to report that tins disease has not materially extended itself in this borough . Only one new case has occurred in tho town of Leeds since our last . It is that of the wife of a laboui'e ? residing at the bottom of Sykes ' -row and Harper-street . The family reside in a cellar dwelling , which is necessarily defective in ventilation , and ia also badly drained , whilst one of the street sewers has an opening near the place . Sometime ago they were in receipt of parish relief , but this had been discontinued in consequence of the husband having obtained work , and as a proof that they were not in necessitous circumstances , it may be mentioned that at tho time the woman was removed
from her hoaso . to the Mendicity-office , the family were otating boiled pork , new bread , and cabbage , all of which rather tend to predispose them for receiving the dtseasc than otherwise . The woman was ' first attacked with diarrhoea on Saturday last , and on Sunday , after baking two stone of flour into bread , she . oceanic seriously ill , and in the afternoon , after Mr . Bldmer , surgeon , had been called in , she was removed to the Slcndicitsy-office , where she died oh the fallowing morning . The case is said to be a most mar-feed and decided case of Asiatic cholera . Since Monday , there have bsen no further severe cases and no deaths . Three- cases have , however , occurred aft Ilunslet - Moor-side , two of which have proved' futa'l . The guardians have determined , should it be necessary , to appropriate the Mendieity-ofSee for- the reception of patients ; and sanitary operations ,, such- as cleansing and whitewashing , are now goiag-on- in tho worst pares of tho town .
Castletown . —In our lasfi we stated that m the course of a few hours six . members of one ¦ family had been carried off by cholera-- A seventh- ha © " since died . Variousrumoivustlicabecameciin- 'ent— some of a most extraordinary and-preposterous' oliuuactcr , which induced the Rev ,. James Coles , a . most able and- active- magistrate , to- communicate- to the coroner ,. W . Brewer , Esq ; ., sonic of the circumssanees that had reached him ; . aiid also , for the satisfaction of the puIiHc mind , to suggest that it -would be expedient to hold an inquest on view of the body . The foi-onev , concurved ' . in . the propriety- of Mr . Coles' ' views- ; and an inquest was held n& . Ciistlctown ,. on Saturday last ,, on . -view of the- body of "William Tltomas , aged 2 Si . Apost-morlcim examination was made by Mv . Jnmss , Pill-road ,. Ifcwporfc . She jury , having heard the- medical evidence , vcturu ' ed a vesxlict that the-deceased " Died of Asiatic cholera , "" i'l . which verdieb the coroner entirely conoui-rod . Ifc-was then determined not to esliume the
other bodicSi . AlAxcjiESEBit , Monday .: —There is no longer any doubt about this dreadful . disease having exhibited itself in Manchester . Tho-wife of an Irish immigrant , naraod Bernard Uyi-iu , died on Thursday week last , ; vnd the neighbours reported that she had bucn seized ; with the cholera . A surgeon ,. who saw the corpse ,. also expressed his opinion that- she had died of Asiatic cholera ; but tho husband , denied it , nd atU'ibutod hU wifo ' s-death to tho want of food , A sub-insgeetor of police visited the house where he and his . four childroa . ware lodginjr , ? fo . 2 , Back Kcw Mount-street , on , Saturday , and caused the house to he whitewasheiLand cleansed .. On Sunday last , UyKiG-attended sci ' . vieo at St . Chad ' s Catholic with cholera
Chapel , ajid whilst them- was seized himself .. Lie was removed to tho hospital fitted up : by the-board of guardians ,, in Canal-street , and Mr .. Soble , 3 tii : £ con . was called in to visii . him as soaa . as possible "* ; - but ho disd . in the course cf : n fow hours . His soa was seized with . the same disease afterwards ,, and has been placed ai . ths same hospital , under the care & £ ¦ Mv . Xoble , but . is likely to ' recover . Tho othui- thi-eo children af , the ' unfortunate roan have beca i : i > i ) itt \ 'od to Tib-stvcet workhouse , as a pkee of refujfCi On Monday morning , a . woman residing in the same house where Byrne had- been lodging , was scizod with cholera— -making the fourth case in that one house . Prom the statement of Byrne it anoears that , he and his fsimilv , k , all six poisons ,
were shipped froia Ireland at a charge of 10 d .. per head , and landed in Liverpool , in a complete- state of destitution , wkovo thoy took up their abode in Porter-street , a neighbourhood in which thechoiera had mado its appearance ; and they left Liverpool and came to Manchester at tha commencement of last week . He refused to apply to the board of guardians for relief on Saturday , when pressed to ao so by the police inspector , oa the groiicd . that tUcy would pass kirn back to Ireland . Wiujfral Hines died at th& hospital in Canal-street , on Tuesday morning ; the son of Byrne is recavering . The house in which they lodged is in one of the worst parts of Manchester , in a sanitary point of view , being situated in Angel Meadow ; and there were twenty-two inmates ' - at ihe time , Bjpne ' s wife died .
The authorities have caused the b i dding to be destroyed , and the houso to be closed , a temporary asylum having been provided for the inmates elsewhere . Monday .- —More Deaths from Cholbra in iue Miujusk Prison *—Four inquests were held before Mr . Bedford , in the Millbank Prison , on the bodies of Esau Troughton , oged 33 , Joseph Greoa , a < red 3-l , and Joseph LindaU , aged 34 , prisoners , who died of Asiatic cholera . The deceased TrougUton had been for several months in the infirmary labouring under chronic ophthalmia , and expected to be sent out of the prison to an invalid hulk , where hs had a strong desiv . e to go . He * AYas told that he must wait a short time , and witness had no doubt that the disappointment and the consequent
depression of mind predisposed him to the attack ., Lindall , another' of the . deceased -persons , who was uudov 8 eu-teilco ofi . transpoitation for , iifo , was also in a-VTry'distressed state of mind , evidently fooling acutely his degraded position . This probably . ' predisposed him to the cholera , hut- ho had'beon previously suffering , from diarrhoea . In answer to questions from the jury , Dr . Baly said . tho . cisos of cholera were not confined to one" part ' of the prison . In thewijifcer . itVcamb from qiiite a different spot from whefeit iiad'i-ccently appeared . V lie had soeh nothing in' the prison'to leafl to the belief that the disorder . was jcontagio . tfs . " Tha '" scale of diet , which , under-. presentV eircumstanc-ps , included , beer , was i ) 0 ¥ ilic most liberal oi nny prison in England , Verdict in nll . casos . ' ? Died , from Asiatic cholera . "
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„> ^^^ m ^ vwr ^ rr ^ e ^^ y ^ - :: __ — is » S ««»^ S £ the same disorder . : ¦ - ' BERMOXDSEY . On Monday evening , Mr . ftyno . the f Y coroner , rosumod . tl . o - inquest on tho body of Cathennc Murphy , who died of cholera o ^ - ^ X allced , bv the filthy state of the house in which sue resided in Griffith's-ronts , in JJermond sey-street . Mr . Graikobh ,. the medical inspector ot tiie Board of Health , stated , that he had ex amined the premises , No . 20 , Griffith ' s-rents , on the 14 th ot June . Ho was directed to make an inspection ot aevcml parts of tho Union of St . Olave ' s to see how far tho directions of the Board of Health as _ to cleansing , &c , ' had-been cimed-into ettect . lie found that something had been done , for the medical-officer had been requested some time Since to report upon those localities where fever was particularly prevalent . Mr . Corner also stated to witness that a Sanitary Committee had been appointed t 6 carry into effect tho cloansing of the various courts and alloys . The description he was about to read of Griffith ' s-rents was written previously to this inquiry . Tho ' report produced stated that in company with Mr . M'MuUcn , the Catholic clergyman of tho district , who had been most indefatigable in the exertion he had made , he had inspected this place . A part of the houses had been pulled down by the railway company , and there were many holes full of black filthy water . A gutter ran through a fourth hiqucstwftsJmldpn t c wuj oi u
the centre of the court , and the exit for the water being at the higher end , of course * none of it ran off . There was a privy on the premises , from which the soil escaped , and the yard was filled with fetid fluid . The room occupied by a widow and her five children in the house adjoining was in a shocking state , and fever had repeatedly occurred in that room . The general state of the court showed that the cleansing and scavenging had been much neglected , and the inmates of this court must have been hourly exposed to tho danger of severe epidemic disease . Tho interiors of the houses were in a
filthy state , and clearly showed that the powers intrusted to the Board of Guardians had not been exercised . These powers had been explained to the guardians , and their duties andthe best mode of carrying them into effect had been advertised in the London Gazette of November 6 , 184 S . Mr . Grainger said also that it was important that it should be generally known that the act of Parliament charged the whole of the responsibility in these matters on the Boards of Guardians , and the fact of there being another body empowered to superintend the cleansing of courts and alleys in the parish did not exonerate them . .
In answer to a question from the coroner , a juryman stated that the trustees of the property were Mrs . Gelling , Mr . Cox , and Mr . Edwards . _ In answer to another question , Mr . Grainger said that he did not know that there wore no privies on the other side of the court . A Junon said that there were no privies on one side , and that the privies on the other side were common to all the inhabitants . Mi . Slke , the vostry cleric of St . John ' s , stated that he was secretary to a ' local sanitary association , which for the last ten years had done much good in the . parish by its attention to these matters . They had repeatedly endeavoured to purchase a portion of this Griffith's-rc-nts , with a view of removing it , for the property as it then was was a disgrace to any man to hold .
Mr . Grainoek , in continuation , aaid that he had on tho 14 th of June recommended that hospital accommodation for those who were sick in Griffith'srents should be provided by the parish authorities , and that the houses should at least be thoroughly cleansed and whitewashed . Mr . Powell said that all tiie houses had had good barrel drains originally , but the grounds of the railway which adjoined were so much higher than the yards of those places that the dirt was knocked over and filled up the drains . Mr . Corner ' s clerk , who was present , safe * that tho report made by Mr . Grainger on the 14 tli was not received by the board until the 21 st , as Shey only met once a week . They used formerly to refer all these matters to the commissioners- of
paving . Mr . Gbaixgeh said that the Jate act of parliament expressly fixed the responsibilhy on the Board of Guardians , without reference to any boards fop cleansing , &c , which might ' exist under-any local act , and notice of this fact had been given to every board of guardians in the kingdom . The Couoseb said that if in consequence of the neglect of the guardians death had occurred they were responsible for it . Hero was a death occurring inconsequence of the filthy state of these premises , which the board of'guardians should have kept clean . The- law was plain on this subject in reference to the- right of the Board : © f Health to direct the boards- of guardians , who were bound to enforce the measures necessary for tho public safety . If they csuM not compel the occupier of the premise ' s to niake-tho necessary alterations , they were bound to d&' it themselves , and fcnfeo their
reraedy against the owner . Tho Board : © f Health ouglifc to institute a- prosecution in such cases , and he felt quite sure tha-t juries would bo-found who would fix tho responsibility upon the guardians . Us-could not help feeling , that if the guardians did 1106 discharge their duty In » proper way and death was- thus caused , they were responsible for it , and measures must be taken to . make them so ,, and lie would go so far as- to- say that such a ea 3 e amounted to tho ciume of manslaughter .. He wished that some one of the guardians- was present , and , indeed ioe coukl see no reason * why it w ; is- not so , iiiile-js-they were afraid fco ' . corac-. Those- was , however , »• diffealty in bringing the stateof these houses home to the knowledge of-the guardians , but at any rate-fcheywerc bound : to-send an o 32 certo inspect such places-as might hn-ve bean vio-ifced- by any / Jisomyand * to report upon-theiv state ..
Mr .. Leadiuji , the medical-officer , stated tiiafrhe hail boon- directed to- visit several places * - and amongst . others this G- * : if 5 th * s-rsiits . On the- ] it h of June-lie-prepared a ro ^ orf- ' respecting- th's-plnoi ? ,. and sent is to the board .. A copy- of that report'hud ; , ho believed , been sent by-the board to the paving cottimission . [ At the request ; of- ' the coroner . - < vcopy of this report was scat for- nnthproduced . It . charaeterised'the place as--ill-i > avcd , ill-draiaodj . &ml likely to be productive of disease . There- was a . g-iijly-holo-at tho co > i > n&r-SO ' offensive as to > c : u ; se passengers- to cross the street to avoid it , and . the jravies and cesspools-were in a disgusting . state ] Witness is a mcmbeivof the paving ' coin mission . When , tho- report was- presented to the board of guardians ,. Mr . Smith ; . the chairman , ordered : it to bo referred to the commissioners of paving , as Iho usual , channel by- , which these improvements weva-enforced . That- report did not coins .-under the-consideration of " tiie commission till their next inecting ,. a week aftssv . The predisposing cause of oltnlei-.-i was the uiiljc-ikhy atmosphere and-want of food .
MivGsaixgeii said-that the aiost powerfulipredisposing cause of choleva was had drainage . Mr ... L'Mwe said that he did not wish to-takeMr . Smith bv surprise jr . aii ' . ! , thonsfore , before . ¦ decidln-r upon . such a step , ns coi . srnKitig him upon a charge of maiislaughtur , he should take time ft * fnrthur inquiry , lie had , t strong opinion that the state of this-cwirfc led to these attacks of cholem and the consO'Siient deaths , and the condition of the place-had been communicated to the board on the-13 th of June ... The baard transferred theduty , of attending to it to . somcbo-ly else , but the jury- had no business to- look to anybody else-., as tie board was the responsible authsVity for theexecution of this particular duty . The ease was clear that they had had tkis report , oivTvhieh ths-y hr . it taken no- , notice , nciv had t-hejvsnforcod the necessary Stegs ordered by the law .. He did-not wish to do do anything hai'shly in the-absence of the
p : irties ( although it wa&the duty ofi the gnardhuis to have been . present , and they had had proper-notice , lie would not , a& that timej , thorefore ) lask them to retarn a-verdict ' of manslaughter ngsuust Mr . Smith and other gcjsons , and send him a * , once to Uewgats on the charge ; hut he- would give-him another opportunity ta attend , and try by-sono explanation , to change- his ( Mr . Payne ' s ) present opinion on the subject . Such a . course wJb-uld be erring oa the safe side , although ; he was f : ir from intending to triflo i » this mattes ? , for he should certainly , act as ho said . The coso of itself was of very great importance , and be thought , that the Boasd of Health , should prossoutc in these cases of disskdience to their orders .. He would ! communicaSc- with them-, on the matter , and in tiie meantims th » inquiry stood adjourned ! . . At the request of the-jury the inquiry was adb ijpurned to Monday , the lath of July . .
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Waustsai > , — -Between one and . two o'closfe on Saturday last , a fire bvoke out in a haystack oa the premises , of Mr . BiqJbavA Plaxtea , known as . Cannhall Farm . Every assistance that could be-obtained was speedily brought to bear » but all efforts , proving lneffiwtual , a c <« nmuuioat . io& was made * by electric telegraph to the London Fh ? o Brigade , which immediately started for the scene of coiifta&wition . Q » the firemen mching Mr . Plaxtpn ' s they found four Iwgo . ataetytff hay in- One body of feme , and their . principal i'xertious ; worn . . thovofow divooted , -ta the safety , of the house , gvanaries , and other surround- ! . ing . buildings ; upon which tho engines woroidavinir up to : v late hour .,. The four rioks of hav were comp lotely destroyed . The origin of tlio ' fivo has not boon ascertained . ¦¦; ¦ ¦ ¦ '< ; ¦ MJSS BoroE ' ^ CoOTiB . J-. By . tlw ^ death of the J ) uUe of bt . Alban ' s this already very ' wealthy ^ hidyro ceivesan addition of £ 10 , 000 Vj- rar to LcrilSm ?" be ;| ideS ; tbc beautiful villa , nolly-lodge , - " £ and a very Lu-go quantity of . plato- which pvobert- ' of St . Albnii ' s , -widow , of , Mv . tCoutts , tho -emineut bniiker , aiuLat ono tuue . asas . woll . known the cX brated actress , Miss M < JUon . " ' e c ? ie '
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m _ . r-i j ^^^^^^ n ' = r- ^ — = — ' pTst ' and present condition OP LABOUR IN --ENGLAND . An exposition of Louis Blanc's schemes df social reform having appeared in tho Weekly Chronicle , the Editor of that paper has been attempting to show that tho condition of the working classes has , up to the present time , been constantly improving ; and that those classes have partaken more largely than any other in the ameliorations which time has effected in society . In reply to the Chronicle tho following ablo article has appeared in the Spirit of the Times : — I deny in the strongest manner m ^ iich demal taoiw LABOUR IN -ENGLAND .. "
condition . It is the mcrostpresumption to taKe . of wa « es , or otlier social computations , from the past , . and compare them with the same things in the present , and by suoli means come to any conclusion that can be fully relied upon . Our most truthful ind laborious historians have felt this difficulty , ana confessed it : it is only tlic pert political economist , to whom the truth of history is a secondary consideration , that has overlooked it . Impudent assertion , however , cannot always stand in the place Ot truth , and some day or otlier the absurd fallacies of these men must suffer detection and exposure .
Hallam , in his celebrated work , the " History and Governments of Europe during the Middle Ages , in referring to this matter , says : — " Wo can trace the pedigree of princes , fill up the catalogue of towns besieged and provinces desolated , describe even the whole pageantry of coronations and festivals , but we cannot recover the genuine history of mankind . It has passed m way with slight and partial notice by contemporary writers , and our most patient industry can hardly at present put together enough of the fragments ' to suggest a tolerably . clear representation of ancient manners
and social hio . * And again , Wade , in his " History of the Middle and Working Classes , " pnge 25 , remarks : — " It is impossible to judge correctly of the comfort and relative situation of the working classes at different periods , they depend so much on circumstances with which we are very imperfectly acquainted . " ¦ Jn fact , all historians who have undertaken to handle this subject give us to understand that the utmost that caii be arrived at will only amount to a series of guesses , more or less remote from tho truth , according as our historical knowledge is more
or less correct . Wade goes on to say that the proportion between tho rate of . wages and the price of provisions , is undoubtedly the best criterion by which to judge of the social condition of the people . If this be true —as there can be no doubt it is—then tho propriety of examining with the utmost care into all facts relative to wages and the price of provisions must be most apparent . Authorities should be examined and evidence weighed with the utmost suspicion and circumspection . The Editor of the Chronicle , however , saves himself a word of trouble on this head , by jumping with the usual newspaper audacity to conclusions which are not warranted by a- single particle of historic evidence .
"A century and a half ago , " he writes , "th 0 wages of an English peasant were four shillings , and of a hand-loom weaver three shillings per week ; —the price of wheat being then about the same a 3 it now is—fuel , light , and all articles of clothing considerably dearer . Under the influence of tho modern industrial system the wages of the peasant have more than doubled : and the power-loom weaver thinks cloven shillings per wesk'seanty pay . At the same time the increased abun&incfi of commodities , renders a doubled wage fully equivalent to a tripled supply of comforts . "
Tiiis , you mil observe , is an off-tettid statement unsupported by any authority , and , therefore , inadmissible as evidence in this case ; and , that its value may be understood , I shall at once proceed to oppose to it a fe \ r of those facts which have been furni 3 he . ( l to us by those who have made this question a subject of laborious inquiry . " Thomas Uuggles , F . A . 8 ., one of his Majesty ' s Justices of the Peace for the Counties of Essex and Suffolk , " has written two most interesting volumes , entitled " The" History of the Poor ; tbeir rights , duties , and the laws inspecting them . ' This work is full of most interesting facts relative to the past condition ef agricultural labourers , one- or two of which I sba . ll take
the liberty of extracting . He tells us , upon the authority of Sir John CuUum , that in the fourteenth century the wages of a reaper per day was- 4 d . ; wheat thrashed , per quarter , id . ; otlier grain , 2 d . ; man-- filling dung-cart , * three , days , lOJiT . ; reaping wheat ,, per acre , 7 d . ; mowing an acre of grass , . 6 ( 1 , The-prices of provisions during tho same eentury , as furnished by Floetwood ' s " Chronicon Pretiosmn , " were as follows-: ;—A pair of shoes , 4 d- ; . a stalled' or- corn-fed ox , 2 J& . ; . a grass-fed ox , ISs . ; a fat stalled cow , 12 s . ; » fat sheep , shorn , lidr ; : afat goose ,. 2 £ d . ; a gallon- of ale , Id . ; In 133 S a .
quartei'OPwheat , 3 s 4 U . ; a-quarterof barley , 10 d .. ? oats , 10 di ; : -white wine , per gallon , 6 < 1 . ; rod wine r 4 d . And' in tho beginning of ; the nsxt century ho givs us the following from the- same-source : —144 G , labourers- per day , without diet ,. 34 d . ; from-Michnelnms-t& Easter , Id . less ; : a mower in hat-vest ,, without diet , lid . ; a ravper and carter , without diet ,, iidi Prices of necessaries and provisions from * the- same compn-tus : f—A eow , 7 s . ; two bushels of wheat , 10 d . ; peas ,, per qiuuiter , 2 s . 2 d . ? gallon of ale ,, from Id . to- l ^ d ; ; gallon of red wine , 8 d , ¦ *
ThofoHo-wHi !? is from other - compuittses , dating from 14-14 , to iXtfo : —Flitch of bacon ,. l 3 i . 8 d . ; gallon . : ofjile . lid . ; : wheat , a quarter ,. from . Sh . to 4 * . Gd ., ithis variation in tlic price of-wheat was during aperiod of fcwsuty- years , tlic lowest price-being at the latest date . It would be easy to multiply such- statements as thei above of the-rclsitive prices-of labour and provisions , but enough has beon . given toshow that the wages of labour gave the recipientamuelilargercommand over the comforts and necessaries of life than he now possesses . There is . ¦ iuothev . fi \ ct ,. ho-wevei- which . should be taken into . iccoujifeat * this period of our inquiry , namely , the fact that- the supply . of labour was not equal to the doinand--for . it .. This is proved
by-. an Act pas-sad in tiie 2 & 1 year of the reign of . Ktlward the M ; . fov the purpose of regnlating tho wages of lab ' earing men , ami the preamble of this Act declares its necessity , by stating : that wan-cs luid greatly increased in consequence ofithe scarcity of labour caused by the plague , and . the rates of wages already- given above ,, are tiio ? o-which were axed by tho i&t , which was-. the-rate paid six years before the plague broke ou-s At thisl period other-Acts of Parliament were passed fixing the maximum , of . wages , a circumstance which shows that there was a tendency , to rise above that jiraviongly fixed . If-thotemlonsy of wages was downwards then it- is obvious that Parliament , i-fut interfoi-ed , could only do so for tliO'p , ni-pose of Mu \« : \ minimum .
I have now to request my reader to look baek . afc the figures Ehave » -ivon , and ho will easily soo how fur a day ' s v ; : igo . -5 would go . in furnishing the lardov of ii laiiouroi-- ; for mowing meadows oil . per day *—a fat goose ,.. 9 ame date , 2 ? il . ; that is , . two fat gEeso for one clan ' s labour . At the present nioii ! O ! : t I have no deiibt it would take two days' labour oftiiho same kind ; to imy one fat goose . A man wording three days . it lilling a dung cart , lOid ., for which . he might li .- s ' . 'e purchased ; i pair of shoes , , 4 d .,. a . fat
goose , Jidi , a gallon o £ alo , Id ., and with aiiothoi * id ., a qaarter of fat mutton , which ninkes-ialtogether lOid . Is ' ow , at the present prices , these things . would amount to about the following : quarter of fat muttoe-,. say 101 b ,. to the qu . ar . sor , " at Od . . per Ib ., Ss . ; a pair of shoes , say Cs .. ;; a fat goose , say 5 s . ; a gallon of ale , ; say Is . ; tctal 20 a . At the-present mcaient a man . would have-to fill dung-aarts for a fia-tnight ta . procure th& same tiling . ^ .
rhs £ o are manj ; - other mo ^ Bs of assisting to decide fchis question , as correct !^ as it can be- decided in the-absence of fall information , such as . the « reat incrQaso in tho sates levied for the support of tk © poeiv but as I shall treat of this part of tbo subiecfc when considering-the condition of our manufacturings population ,,, I shall not further allude-to it here I may be allowed to mentrpn , howmn . as proof of the oomparatJTO prosperity of the natioa at a latec enod than li bare as yet alluded to > the statements ; of Darnel "De&e , made ia a letter ailduessed to Pa « - ikunent in tke year 170 ^ entitled " - Giving Alms a& Chanty , aad Employiog the l ' oo&a Grievanc ^ to the-Natioa . " In thai } letter he hiys down thtsfollowing as . fundanientai maxims z- ~ 1 st . —"' There is ip England , ' more labour than
hanas t ; a pcrlorm it ; and , coqsgouently , a \ uaA Of peopleynot of empaoyment . '" . . 2 nd ; . — "Koiinaa in Engimd-of sound liojbs and senses can be po p * merely Mm want of woi'k . " Whether Defoe fully established tlw above posU tioas , need notaow be eflouired ; it is stated , howe vsr , that his pnmpUel so . powerfullyMuenced tho House of Lo ^ s , that a . bill , then nntaroonsidera-. tion , relative to tho employment of the poor , was ¦ irevented ftom passinc- into law , vz&ich fact may be taken as a slight pvoot that thcroAvas some colour ot truth in the arguments he advanced . Imayask , however , what we -would think of iv man wha now put forth such atatements , wauldli . ; not be universally considered , mad ? What man . could for a momont think of saying now , that there was move vsprk in En « bwd than hands to perform it ?
Were it necessary ,, Mr . Editor , I oould state , in further proof of what I . "have advanced , some facts relative to the poor of of « uv . agricultural districts , thataro patent to . every man wh » i-eiuls or thinks in tins country , such us the Andovor Union case , or the Goatacrc Meeting , or the stato of Dorset , as O-osoribed by Sidney Godolphin ; Osborne , in the columns of the Times ; these .-however , would ex-
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COIXTEUT E 3 SMSX 0 S AT Si . HeLEx ' s , IiAXCASH 1 KE . —On Saturday morning last , about six o ' clock , a fearful explosion of Sre-daajp , attended tvith a s riou 3 loss of life , took place at Laffiix Coalpit , near St . Helen ' s in this county . The pit is the property of ill-. J . T . Johnson , of Uuncorn , the shaft , ivlilcli is about 1 G 0 feet deep , being driven into the Rnsnv-iurk IMjne . Anew shaft has recently been driven buthe neighbourhood , hut the explosion occurred in a " slant" which forms part of some old worMngs Tjegun some seven or eig ht years ago . The miners , it appears , commence work at four o ' clock in the morning , and at the time the
accident occurred there were from sixty to seventy persons in the pit . The explosion was most -violent , and some idea ofits force may be g athered from the fact that one of the heavy planks forming the head gear outside , used to tighten the conducting rods , was blown into the air . In descending , we regret to say , the heavy mass of timber fell upon the "brow-man" ( the person appointed to _ receiye the coals at the pit month ) , and fiactured his skull . The poor fellow did not long survive the injuries he lad sustai ned . The most intense anxiety prevaued as to tha fate of those below , and no time was lost in their recovery . E ° ur were brought up dead , asd twentv-twj w .-re found to have heen seriously
icjcred . 2 &r . Gaskell , surgeon , at Sfc : Helens , was promptly on the spot , and rendered all necessary assistau -e to the sufferers . The i >? . v . - . c > of thci-ilk-d arc- 3 o : » : T * -rT « Tsi : ' . r « ( Uu : brow-nsa'i ) , ltobert Sorcross , f i « .-a :. i 3 Athciton , John Molyneus , and John Xradbuay . The two latter are boys ; the three first married , with families depending upon t ^ em "for supjit ,: t . In addition to these three others have been so dangeronsly . wounded that they are not cr « pected io recover . As in all" similar accidcuts , the cause of t ! ie explosion is ' .. unknown .- . It is conjeetured , iioiverer , -that ono of the -vrorhmeh . jaust bjitc laid aside his safety-lamp and been worJan" : -with ihe naked candle . -It certainly speaks well for the
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Sreisno . Dgbu . v , SAicnDAT . —The Choiera —The epidemie has nearly disappeared from Dublin , but it has broken out , in a malignant fora , in Carrickmactoss , where the mcdicnl officer , Dr . JI'Eft ' ey , was the first victim , and it also prevails in Enniskillcn , and various other parts of the north . Pdblic Works . —The Distresses Districts . — The Commissioners of Public Works , in a letter addressed to a landed proprietor in the Qtteen ' s County , have declined to make a loan of £ 1 , 000 , in consequence of recent instructions from the Lords of the " Treasury , to the effect that " all the money lately voted by Parliament must be coniined to- applications from the most distressed districts of the south and west . "
The RErRESiOTAirv-E Peebage . —Writs hearing date 22 nd iust ., for electing a temporal peer of Ireland in roo : n of the late Earl of JMayo ,. were issued yesterday from tho Hannper-office . " The-Anglo-Cdl states that the Earl of Lanesborough has beenselected for the vacant peerage . The IiAnvEST .: —All the Accounts received' this morning are of tho usual gratifying character ,, and the writers rejoice at the prospect thus opened for the recovery of the country . Monday . —SuiiscBiriioxs o » hie Poue . ron ; Iiusn Distress . —The Freeman ' s Journal contains a circular from Archbishop M'llale to his c'orgy ,
announcing that the Pope has sent to him , through Caiulinal Antonelli , the sum of 20 JOOfr .. ( nearly ii 800 ) ,. for the relief of destitution in the diocese of Tuam . The-Frcciaaji remarks it as " a most strange coincidence that this noble contribution ,, sent by the Pope to his Gracc > was crossed on its way here by the sum of £ 345 , on its way to Gaeta , ' seni by the archdiocese of Tuam ,. ns its contribution to the Papal Fund . " Cardinal Antonolli , in his letter to Dr . il'Hale , says , *• l £ would have been tlic wash of hia Holiness tocxtendhis chsritable relief , : uicl to proportion , it to the existing distress ,, out he is necessarily prevented irom doing so by Jiis o-s-n limited resources . "
Tus State Prisoxeps . —T 5 ie Corli Constitution of S : i { urday has the foliowijsg announcement : — "It is stated tli . it cholera had broken out yesterday on board the Slountstcwai-t Elphiustone ,. < ionviei transport , lying nii Cove , and two of the convicts-ami one of the Boyal Marines labourist under tlic disease were sent on shore- to the hospital—the former to Spike Island , and the Litter to Haulbow- ' line . Messrs . Martin and O'Doghei'Jy— ' Youag Ireland' felous—are- on hoard this vessel . There- is a lar ^ e numuer of convicts also on hoard for Australia ? ' .
Clarence Mangan , an unfortanate literary chsriac-ter , died last week in abject penury , lie was well known by his poetical translations fs-om German literature , being the author of "Anthologia Gerraanica , " " Leaflets tai the German Oak , " and a variety of essays in the University Magazine The misery in which he lived for many years was very great , as Ms wretched health prevented him from labour . "Within the last ten days ho was an inmate of one of the temporary hospitals provided for cholera patients .
Actios aoaixst Sib Edward Bobougii . — -In the "Nisi Trias Exchequer Court this day an action was brought by Mr . Parkes , a Birmnisliam manufocturer of military accoutrements , against Sir Edward Borough , Bart ., for a supply of arms , &c , ordered by him as chairman of the " Law and Order Committee , " in Dublin , during the disturbances and political excitement of last year , iho case which was tried before the Lord Chief Baron , excited considerable interest . The arms were intended for the equipment of a loyal volunteer corps , but it is alleged that they were not delivered at the time named , and not until the idea of forming the corps had been abandoned . At half-past two o ' ctocfc , Mr- Ktzgibbon , < J . G ., commenced to state the defendant ' s case . Several members of the bar are subpeened as witnesses . 5
Tuesday . —This case was bronght- to a close yesterday afternoon by a verdict for the p laintiff of £ 65 16 s . 6 d . over and above the sum lodged in Iuec-al ExTEBMiNATioN . —Three men from Lettermullen , Stephen Larkin , Patrick O'Dohnell , and Martb Flaherty , have been committed to the county gaol by A . W . Blake , Esq ., charged upon a coroner s warrant with having caused the death of Catherine Flaherty , by illegally levelling her house . Y . c uudersUu . d that instructions liave buc-ii given by the law advisers of the Crown not to admit to bail ha ihis case . ' . ¦ - .,.-... * i _ .-
Wedxesday . —Awfci . State of rax Couxtby .-t Alluding to tbe trials of the quarter sessions-of Castlcbar , which , tei'miuated on Saturday last , iho ihyo Comtiiuthn observes—" l » c-ys—little Croatures who were only tall enough to sec over the rail of the dock—were tried for petty larcenies , bf food , to ¦ whieh they had been driTen by"tSepiirigs of hniiner . They rAtaosb all pleaded ' guiliy . ' and-m the first iustaoce prayei and entreated ei'ihe Court to traus-
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THS : GHOEERA . PKECA ^ noss'AWB ' TnEA-ntEXT . —The- subpined is ilie subsiance of a notification on the- prevention of cholera , issued by the General Board : ot Health . It repeats the statement that the- cholera * is not cont : i !> ioHSj so tluvfe panic , flight from the sielc-,. quarajiriiie rcgulntionSj . Ao ., Kiider that imaginary supposition , arc supererogatory evils . The notification warns the-guardians of tfeo poor , narochial- boards ,, ttc .,. that they will : be called upon to-put tlae-Tsuisar . aoSj &c . ^ Act into * operation ; and supplies tliem witii-much useful , distinct ,, and-
spcoilie adviee ,. as to the motlfi ofdoiryj so . The boards wili have-to insthute visits from house to house , especially , in " dangerous" districts ( marked out by prevalence of typhus and other epidemics ); fo enforce iiiternal and external cleniwing of dwellings , with removal of filth , decaying animal and vegetable ni . ittei-Oj . and wlaiteyer . produces atmospheric impurity ; to give directions for obtaining d ? yness and ventilation , moisture being an active cause of chc .-lora ; to . supplythe pool * with information , to aid " them with pliyjiCj . and to -remove destitute patients to pi' 9 por asy ' lams ; general clfolcm- hospitals not ; beiniT- ivcomniondcd .
TJao l a-eiuonitory symptom is diarrliojaj . often vrisilout pain , mostly , of a rerj ipilts oharactsr . Puiiiig thc-prcviilcncu of cholera diai * Kha :. ii demands instant : attrition ; tiio sli » iisust degree of loc-seness of tho bowels ought not ' to . be negleated . The proper reineiiies at this stage aj-e— " Twenty gBainsoi opinto confoetion , niixud \ rith two lible ^ oonsfuls of popijermiut-water ,. or- with a litble -weak braiHly . and -water , ar . d repeated every three or four hcuits , or eftencr if the attack is severe ,, until the looseness of the bowels is . stopped ; on an
ounce of the core-pound chalk mature , with tnix or fifteen grains of She aronatic confection , aucl iVom five to teu . drop 3 of laudanum , repcateJ in the-same manner .. Frosx half a drachm to a drachm of tincture of catechu may be added to this last if the attack is SQV&vo . U . ilf theso quantities should be given to young persons under fifteen , and still smaller dose-s to infants .. Ifc is recommended to repwit theso yemeilics , night and morning ,, for some days after tlxc looseness of the bofl-cls has been stopped .
Diet should be moderate . Every variety of green vegetables , cooked or not , and all kinds of fruit ,, raw , cooked , dried , or preserved , should be avoided . The wholesome articles of vegetable diet are , wellbaked bread ( not new ) , rice , oatmeal , and good potatoes . Diet should be solid rather than fluid , and principally animal food ; avoiding salted and smoked meats , pork , salted fish and shell-fish . Avoid acid drinks of all kinds , ginger beei \ and ardent spirits . Above all , be moderate during tho -whole duration of the epidemic period . " One single act of indiscretion has , in many instances , Seen followed by a speedy and fatal attack . " In proof , during the former visitations of this country , "the most frequent and deadly attacks were those which took place in
the middle of the night , a few hours alter a heavy supper . " Three fatal cases at Hamburg , recently , were those of sailors who had just taken plums and seur beer . Two fatal eases at Simdcrland , recently , were those of drunkards who defied warnings . Clothing should he warm , with flannel next the skin ; the feet kept dry and warm ; clothes changed aftercxposuro to wet or moisture ; sitting-rooms and bed-rooms kept well aired , dry , and warm . Purgative medicines of all kinds must be avoided ; Glauber salts , Epsom salts , and Seidlitz powders , in any quantity , are . dangerous ; also senna , colocvnth i and aloes , except under medical advice . ' - . "When seized with cold , giddiness , nausea ; • vomit '
ing , : ind Tramp ; got into a v-rfj-m -boil '; . usfhcitoi iiui-. iseJ , bag * i . 'fhoYeauioiiiiU ! flowers , of heated braii , .--. ut , or-saud , ' ov bottles of hot water to produce vvru'fijth ; have the extremities- rubbed ; apply a large poultice of mu ' stimViind vinegar over the , re gion of the stoniach for iii ' teoiv ' cr twenty rhinr . tes ; drink , evei-y half houiya spoonful of sal volntile in a little hot water , or a . dessert- spooh ' fulof lirahay in a little hot water , or white wine whey ( made by pouiinjr one glass ^' of-shcrry into ajtuhibler of KoVriiilk ); j uid send fur the doctor as qiHL-ldy us possible . "Districts ' hrc selJom ' visited - ';\ iy _ tlic ! epi ( leniic for | aloiiijer pfiiiftd than a ' fow months , pv ovpn ii few ! weeds ' . Preventives of cliolera arc equally appli-
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portthem , as they had no means of -existence , a : iJ should starve before the : poor law would aid them ; and when they frequently found that the humane assistant-barrister hesitated as to what amount of punishment he should inflict after they had already undergone a sufficiently long imprisonment for the offence , they endeavoured to coerce the Court to pass a sentence of transportation , by stating that it sent hack to prison they would commit . some great crime which would ensure their being expatriated . During one of these trials a policeman proved that he hall found several of the parties eating seaweed . " The State raiS 0 XF . RS . - ~ Smith O'Brien and the other three state prisoners will be sent to Van Diemen ' s land in her Majesty ' s ship Swift , ordered to the Pacific station . ^^^^^^
Relief of the Destitute . —Lord Dufferin , a young nobleman whose property is situate in Ulster , has forwarded to the General Central ltelief Committee £ -100 as his second subscription . Previous to this donation , Lord Dufteiin had subscribed £ 100 towards the funds of that benevolent and wellmanaged voluntary association . — House-levelling at Toomevara . —The Tipperary Vindicator states that the evicted tenants in this miserable village are in a most deplorable condition , and that one of the temporary sheds erected by the outcasts was burned down on Thursday . Tho adjacent auxiliary workhouse is crowded by persons ejected from the houses levelled by the bailiffs of the landlord . 2 Jew Temporal Peer for Ihelaxd . —John Cavendish Baron Ivilmaine has been chosen by a majority of votes to be the peer to sit in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom , in the room of Archibald Earl of Gosford , deceased .
Fatality on a Wedbixg-day . —A Bridegroom and Bride Bdried Alive . —An occurrence of an extremely melancholy character—the more so , perhaps , from the somewhat romantic circumstances with which it was associated—took place on the evening of Friday last , in tho immediate neighbourhood of Belfast , and created general commiseration for the peculiarly lamentable fate of the sufferers , Patrick Breen , a private of the 13 th Light Infantry , and Sarah , his wife , to whom he had been united only a few hours previously , at the oifice of the district registrar . The facts are as follows : —James Carson , on being examined by the coroner ,, stated that he was employed as a labourer in a sandpit belonging to Mr . J . Millarat Ulsterville , near the
, Institution of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind . About half-past six o ' clock on Saturday morning , on proceeding to work there , he foun-1 that since he had last been to the pit , on Wednesday evening , there had been an extensive fall of sand from a particular part of the bank . "No sand had been removed from the place by carts on Friday evening . On shovelling away about two loads of the sand , ne was astonished to come upon a woman ' s bonnet , and , immediately after , upon her bare head . He communicated the circumstances to another person employed about the pit , named Hull , and then sent for Ids master . The police were also informed of the accident before any more sand was removed from the bodies . It was obvious that tho crown of tho
female ' s bonnet had been driven in by the fall ef the sand . That portion of the bank'directly under which the deceased persons must have been sitting was overhanging greatly on Wednesday evening . It was proved that the young woman had lef t the house where she was living about six o'clock " on Friday evening , and had afterwards been seen walking with the soldier , her husband , on the Botanicroad , whence they were traced to the New Dublinroad to the vicinity of the spot where their bodies were found . It was clear that , as a heavy shower fell about seven o'clock , they had taken shelter from the rain under tho bank which , overwhelmed them . The verdict was , of course , from tho evidence siven—the onlv testimony that could be
adduced— " Accidental death . " It appeared that not less than from ten to twelve tons of sand had fallen upon the ill-iatod couple , thus entombing them alive , and that at least four cart-loads of this landslip required to be removed before their position was exactly ascertained . The age of each of the deceased was about twenty-six . The young woman , a native of Dromore , and whose maiden name , we have been informed , was Smith , was a domestic servant in a respectable family in the Botanic-road . The soldier was a native of Dublin , had enlisted there about four years ago- ; and bore an excellent character in his regiment . Both were , on Sabbath afternoon last , committed to one grave , in Friarsbush burying-ground , to which place they were accompanied by a portion of the band of the 13 th , and
of the company in which the deceased young soldier was enrolled . ' The Crops . —The Corh Constitution of yesterday , says : — " The markets are beginning to be plentifully supplied with new potatoes , and in no case is there any appearance ot disease . The ash-leaved kidneys were offered on sale on Saturday , at Cd . perJb " ; inferior sorts as low as 3 d . The commencement of next month may be reckoned on , should the disease not visit us , for a show of potatoes in market fully equal to that of former years . As it is , they arc remarkably forward this season . " Loads" of new potatoes aro beginning to appear in some of the country markets , and in the West the price is declining . As to the corn crops , nothing could be more grat'fyingthan the accounts , and the weather is most auspicious .
CojisrcsicATiorf with England . —The ever-changing Post Office authorities are about to make another alteration in the despatch of the mails from Kingstown to Holy-head . It is arranged , that on and after the 5 th of July the morning packet will leave Kingstown at half-past twelve , instead- of five minutes after eleven as-at present ; and the eveniii " boat will be despatched at half-pasfc seven ,, instead of half-past six .
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¦"¦ "•" ¦ I * Yoi . ir ; , p . 38 * . , - ' j A vomputva of the 1 'rior a-. ul umons of Burchcstcr ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 30, 1849, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1528/page/6/
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