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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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DAXIEL CCUNNELL , THE FRIEND OF THE POOR , PASTEL O'COXNELL , THE REVILER OF THE "W 1 YES AND DAUGHTERS 0 F THE ENGLISH PEOPLE . ( Continued from our last . ) It cm tb : s general eharge against the people of ' England , which it was necessary to place in its true j licht . I come to your several chaises against -Eng > . iih \ Foji Laws , " TrLieb might , perhaps , have experienced i iron ,- you some IitUe mitigation of censure , if you had , j by uny accident , happened to know that they were , too American Poor Laws , as you "will ( to your indignant Karr-zms , I dare say ) learn more e £ renmst » iiiially by-aud- - ty . The first thing you urge against our Poor Laws is , tbat they " isierfere irilh wages , " and that this is one of the 'Ling * that " frightens" you . As an Irish la-wyer , ycu mi ^ ht be ixiused for your ignorance of these lavs , but sot for a misrepresentation ot them .- and here tre hire j mere / arf to deal ¦ with , and have ihe "written I pro-. if aX hand . To the original poor law of the 43 rd of Z ; i .. r « th , many acts haTe besn added , relating to the relief and management of the poor ; and , ill . DO 0116 Of ' , tt-ss acts is there any authority given to anybody to \ vtCTj-rrt with the tropes of labour , nor is therein any of ' tb-Tn . nor in the original law itself , any countenance
given to any such intetferenee . So that it appears that you L-. ve been frightened by the workings of your own insi ^ -katicm . That , in many cases , tho magistrates in selt'iiig the amount of relief , hare taken the amount ef -. hi vxipes of the party into view ; and that they haTe , in nK > st cases , mads the relLsf too small in proportion to fbs ymzes ; and that , in many cues , the employer * of far . n-IabooreiB haTe , in order te ease themselves at the expanse of gentlemen and tradespeople . given the la '^ . i ^ rs less in v > Jpts and more in poor-rates ; all this is true enough , snd it certainly involves a misappHcatior of the powers of the peor-fcnrs ; but what charge do' ^ ihia imply against Ihe poor-laws themselves 1 A . r-& , ai :-= r all ,-what is this evil ? wiis . t does this crooked-Virking of self-interest amount to , compared with the friri . tful evil of leavicg thousands to peri . « h with busier anrl cold for want of legal and sure relitf ?
F . T " sick and maimed , " howtTer , you wonld , it ¦ e-. - ;; - ? . haTe relief pro-riiied by " ihe State . " It is impossible to know -w in : via rnsin by the Stale ; but at iT' 7 rate , you would Lave than provided for ~ oj a compuiivry assetsmtnt of some surt ; but r . ot the aged , ncr ihf ? ,-tie , though these latter be without work , and ¦ wiihvut the means of obtaining food or raiment ; and . yon add , that you " beiiev * " that " it was not , at Jirgt irttt-r d = d by tee poor-laws to provide for the want * of tli ¦ di £ 5- " "When a lairyer is speaking of an act of Parilnuu-nt , and especially -when its tendency is the £ s >> c : matter of tiHdUeourse , Le should not " believe " izjihir . g abrut it-3 provisior . 3 ; and , bsfore you p : oe . creed sa decided a coc-. vn : nation of this , the greatest of : ' . our act * of Parliament , which , in fact , furnishes
a cr- :. i part of the machinery for carrying on all out ifcT-i : ai uSdri , and which raises and disposes of more than seven cii !! ions of pounds sterling in a year ia Errand aau Wi '^ es ; before yea so boidiy condemned tkii ~ r = ^ . l ati , your saint ! ought to have bad left" in it n ^ . : br HsaHest ground for belief rcsptc : ing the provisi ; ni- This belie / is . Lo-srtveT , erroneons ; for the act £ <* : prc ; Tide , and it clearly inlands to provide , for this e ! s <; of persons ; and , if it iisd not prs-ridwl for them , it -svJd have beea nugatory at the tune ; and if they Wtrt- not proTidfcd ? jI now , an army cf five hundred tbt .-ssud jssa -wocM not npaol' 1 the QoTenunent of IrE : * nd for a month ! I thank GA that it does pro-T-de for tfceii wsjats ; I think God , that it gives them o ri ^ r . i to reiitf , and that they krwc and feel it . It is the bcr . i of ptase ; it is the cement of English society ; and ac < 5 nrscd be all these who would enfeeble it '
Snt , " the sick and maimed , " you would haTe the stale proTi ' . e for these ; hut nUfor the aged ; and if there be , in " a'moit eKTi village of Iielaiid , s dispejisary ana in every county Wirn an bospital , " there is prc-sison already made for the " sick arid maimed ; " so that the Jrisii poor hiTe all that you want them to have . ' Gi ^ i to know it It cer ^ inly is nexcs to me . I wish it IL . 3 J- bt- true . ' Yet there mest vrant a " dispensary " cifo ^ d and clo 3 ting , 01 else we have been told most mon stn- ^ s Cus about the people eating stinking shell-fish , Sea-vretd , ard nettles , and akont -whole parishes rsceiv-Ies ise extreme th .-cIIqr preparatory to death from stwvati ' -a , and abcnt wfl- >! e famiMes of females beinif in a stsi of cBnp ' t't nalitducss : and our own eves must
decei . as , an ; i mine t * pecial ! y must deceive me , when I thi ^ k I see . eTery month of my Lfe , hundreds of squalid crci : ares tramping into L > ndcn , by my door , without ihoti . sDockirgs , or shiru , with nothing on the head ¦ worthy cf tie name of hat , and with Egs hardly fnfficicr ; to hl . le * hc nikedness of their bodies ! Hotrerer . f . r ; he a ^ cd ycu "will have no provision . Aad -ichy } Whit is ycer ifa »» for this ? For , np ^ . n the face of the preposition , it doe ; secni to le dictated by anything but iiuit ienda : < ess wLich you are constautlr txprsssing ' to'w ^ ros tbe Iriih pcupJe . Tour iscvsous are these : 1 . XL ^ ai , by jaiiiDg provision for the destitute in old &g--. you take j . w » y iJi-grtit iriioe ^ m en t to iaaztsiT-p arci fn _ : lii }/ in ( he du ? i 0 / t ^ ouih ; and , 2 . That you tiepnva th- jpedparents of i c «; d ¦ ¦ fiheir children , wlio , seeing
a pr ^ Yision . or tnea . ; u tL - _ p ' _ > or h ^ nse , wiii leave them to co ro p ^^ : ih in IU - fatkei eel ' s . " As to the firsi of the-e rtasaas , it wcnir . t-e squally good against a pro-Ti ^ : , a for the " siak and maimed , " if they happened to he old . Butareaii the labouring people able , ia youth , 16 laj by SCEl&thiBg for old a « e ? It u the dtcree of eod Star the human race shall be sustained by labour ; ninetfct \ bs of labour is painful in some degree ; very few of ttt tunuu race will encounter pain , bnt from necessity ; md none will , th-icfore , seldom encounter more of ihib piuT : than is demanded by their present wants . To call npc a mea wao are engaged in pursuits sU bodily pmin ful . to iay by . in their youth , for the days of old age . is reasonable and just ; but to call upon the Lard-workine m £ : to do this , is neither . If he doit ia » d , inEr&ljiid
te to a great extent , go ? b it , m QTe Cisea out of aii . atu-T ail ^; if he Co it , -where is the toBgue or pe » to Epr , >! C the praise tl-. at is his due ! Bat if he haTe » ot , from vhaterer cause , been able to do it , or have not dcii ? it , he iss 3 dear riff kf to a provision in old age t he has spent his life and worn out his strength in the service of the conur . unity ; and that reluctance whieb EVtrr man natnraUy feels to ask another for something , is ; = nfficient security a ^ ain ^ t his being lazy and prodljj ' , in his youth , npva a eool c ^' culaiit > n cf the beuqfil of parochial provision in his old age . "With regard to your second 0 >> j = cUou ; namely , that by making a provlsV . n for old age , you deprive the iTidipexiparents ttf the aid of { heir ctitidren , who , seeing the " naked cell"
pro-Tivi-d fcr flieni , will let the'ngo io it ; with regard to this matter , you appear to regard the Irish people as being eapiWe of setting at defiance , and as liiely to set at timr- ^ - * , Ed orly the laws of nature , bat also the exrress and a kandre »_! -times-repeated laws of & < i . ^< o Tery high compiiuient to y : ur couatrymeu ' . Xo T ^ ry strong proof of tfas sincerity of your belief in that *• ptKerosity , " thit " active ar . d praclical compassion for the poor , " ani that " deep se-. ^ e of religion" which we shill pres ? nt ' y see yon ascribing to them ! But you , as a la ' . ryer , might have t-. > ld them ons thing , aad since yon did not do it . . 1 will ; and thit is , that if neither tfcfc laws of nature v . ot those of God ccnld induce th = m bo fsr to Icnour tttir father and their mother as to ketT ) tliem froni the pocr-hcusa , ihe poor-la'ts would
compel them io do it , they having the ability ; and if they hart tjc ' . 1 hz « brii ' , tow can poor-laws deprive the parents of their aid ? As a lawyer , you ought to have known thai those poor-Jaws which you so vehemently decry , compel all persons , being able to do it , to maintain their indi | ent / oa « -5 , incihers , grandfoilier * , graiidfaoiJiers , children , ariaprcnd-ehiUi ex- This is "what JOU OUeht to haTe to ' . d your Dabiin audience , tbotigb it jnLzht have cost you tee loss of sonic of those valua&le cheer * , which you obtained by this suppression of the tridh , and by supplying it 3 place irith the " naked cell" existing n » - "irh-re tut in your imay . n 3 tion Either you did not Znotc ihe law as to this mitter , or yon did know it . If the former , you ought to h&v 0 knowa it btfore yon mude this Bpeecii ; and if ihe latter , I decline to characterize your conduct .
JBut , Sir , in > vur anxious haste to narr « w the effect of poar-lawB , you forgot that , besides the sick , the maimed , and the aj ^ d , there ware some other ^ p&rties ¦ wh o are , bolster , by no Eita ^ oTerlooki d in that Bolt Wkit , t-r not beiisYiag in whicli we iiiaU presen-iy find you condexuning tiie ' infidel" to be dealt "With in away " to supersede all legal punishment" ; namely , the tridoic , the orphan , and the atrart ^ er . In your comprehensive scb ? me of " active and practical eom'D&s&ion fa : tbe poor , " you will maie r . o provision for these . ' -Tbe English poor-laws , which in not cry , " Lore ! Lord : " fcut whici ; do 7 iis trCZ , make provision for ihea ail ; ar . fl well , indeed , 13 it thai they do , or tbousauda upon ihonsznds of Jriihimn would , at this Tery moment , be dying and lying dead from s-irra . tion ; ind tbAt , loo . if your -: c » trir . e be sou 3 d , without having the suaViest ground ior accusing the English e : injustice or cruelty .
The late ofsfiHenvmi you represeot as an inslnmerA of oppression- Tour story " ibout yearly servants bding ob- ! ligea to be one m out of employ , in order to preveat j them from gair . in . n . Betilement , is mere ro-nance , the \ thing being impossible ; because the whole < rf the busi- [ ness in ill the farm houses in the country muit , in that ; cue , be suspended fcr a mo ^; and , to believe that ! this , can tike place , you must know about English farm- ; w as little as , for your sake , I hope you know about ; ari poor laws . In som-3 cases , for the reason here astimed tine master wlli hire the servant for some days leas than a year ; but it much oftener happens that this 1 sort of bargain is from the wish of the servant , who does notin general , vish to " lose his parish ; " and , at ;
, this moment I have a country-boy living with me , whose ; Bother would net consent to his coming unless tho bar- j gain was » nch asnoi to cause him " to lose his parish . This , at once , siiows the light in which the twtaj people view tte pom lavs . Instead of deeming them a bond of" eatery , " as you choose to repr&Bent them , they deen fcein the Me of their rigM to their patrt- J Bjony . And with kgard to Uib compels <* married ; people to siici io their parishes , it is a great eood , in- - rtead of being an evil ; it being evident that people in that state of iifd will be , in all respects , more careful of ! their characters , and will be more likely to b 3 ef better behaviour , if resident amongst those who know them , I tban if "wandering ab-r-ut . f tcm place to p-r . ce . If they i
< jc . ii thfiirparishts , a-aa beconie cnargeafcle to asctaer , « r likely to ba so , the p : sr laws cxp 356 tflctn not to o ^• pT 98 aion , "but consider them hi the light of "tf * e strangir , '" jelieTS them if necessary , and take them home to their : parish . "Well -would it have been , Sir , for the thou- j psada rf poa foriy-ihiUitig fyeehtiders ofl reland , whom
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INSOLVENT DEBTORS * COURT—Mondat . ( Before Mr . Commissioner Bowen . ) RE GE 0 HGE C 0 NWAT MONTAGU , ESQ . A rather Extea : rpinart Cask —The case intoIts- an immense mass of t roperty , and debts to a very lafge amount . The insolvent ( who appeared to be about seventy years of age ) had b : en in prison ever since the year 1827 . His debts and liabilities were stated on the schedule to be about £ 23 , 000 and his assets to meet this sum , a shadow . The cause of his insolvency he attributed to his long imprisonment , &c The detainers at the Queen's Bench were very heavy . His discharge was opposed hy Mr . Woodroffe on behalf of a lady named Mary El ' sabeth Rudd as executrix . 4 c .
The insolvent supported his own petition , and sbjected in limine to tue opposition , and said Mrs . Kndd had no locus slandi in court , and called on her to prove her debt . Documents were then put in by the Learned Counsel in proof , and the c * se proceeded , by which it appeared he had given a warrant of attorney , dated May , 1830 . Mr . Woodroffs—Looking at your schedule , Mr . Montagu , I shculd suppose that you imagine yourself a vie-Ha of imprisonment for debt ? Insolvent—I do , indeed , Sir . Mr . Woodroffe—Have you not received , since yon have been iu prison , the sum of £ 20 , 500 ? Insolfent—No , Sir , not to much . Mr . Woodroffe—iouk to your special balance-sheet . Insolvent—1 labour under great disadvantages in not having the assistance of connseJ .
Mr . \ v oadrLffe—You haTe been badly advised in not having ono of my Learned Friends to assibt yon . insolTent—I paid £ 4 , 8 » 0 law costs in a Chancery suit My estates inTolTed property to the amount of , £ 200 , 008 and odd . Mr . Woodroffe—I see from your schedule that you Lave won at " play , " from 1827 to 1811 , the sum of £ 1 . 500 . Insolvent—That Is an error ; the date ought to be from 1821 to 1 S 41 . Mr . Woodroffu—How much did you win in prison ? Insolvent—1 lost £ 1 , 000 by play in prison . Mr . Woodroffe—Then yon foucd some clever fellows in prison , eh ? The insolvent looked at the Learned Counsel , and then at the Liamed Commissioner , and made protestations as to his motives .
The Court desired him not to talk so much if he wished to have iiis case properly investigated . Mr . WoodnfFe— VVIiat did yon Ioae by cards ? Insolvent— £ 3 , 5 » 0 . A lor . g txamination then took plaee as to the disposal ef £ 0 , 000 be had received in one bum whilst in prison . He was questioned whether he had not received a considerable turn with his first wife , te which he answered in the negative , for she had only one gown , & . C- ; and as to the little boy tliat was before marriage . ( Roars of laughter . ) She was only a carpenter ' s daughter . He bad married , since , a Miss Campbell .
Mr . Robins , solicitor , stated that the instdvent ' s property had been Taluod s& £ 210 , 000 , whieh property was situate in Wiltshire . His life interest had been valued by Mr . Morgan , th » ac ' . uary , at £ 39-, 000 . He stated that Mr . Flight got £ 18 , 000 , by raising annuities , asd the insolvent nothing , as the charges swallowed np all . Mr . Kubas * denied he was a debtor to the insoWent ' s estate . Mr . George Pidmoro opposed in person , and proved a debt of £ 500 . He ( the creditor ) was formerly a draper in Bond-street , but wao now himsalf a prisoner for debt . The insolvest said he did not owe the debt , and denied that he- bad lost with . Russell , the celebrated gambler ; a fev years since so roach as £ 1 , 800 ^ ki the Queen ' s Bench .
Mr . WoodroSW , in his address to tha court , complained of th 3 insolvent's condoet in remaining in prison for so long a period , and now coming up , after fce had spent every farthing , and had nothing left for his creditors . Hiace his imprisonment , he had received in nard caBb r . o les a sum than £ 12 , 000 , aiuMtfi-J frituered a life interest worth £ 2 & ; 000 , and all he had paid to his bonu . * # creditors had been only £ l , W 0 , and , therefore , he charged him with making awray with £ 11 , 000 in- prison , which ought to have been divided amongst his creditors , and ' which , had it been properly applied , would have paid W * . in the ponn .- !—be owing ( as it was stated in his schedule ) vrijtn . ' be -went to prison in 13527 only £ 5 , 080-01 £ 6 , 000 . Mr . Padmore followed , and said-the insolvent ttnfl been connected with all the notorious gamblers that infest London , whieh had been th > principal caus * trf his ruin .
The insolvent acMresaed the court with much energy , aad said that havi&g such great expectancies he bacfe a sight to spend the money if he pleased . He had hoped to have paid ^ h ' u creditors , bat had been dis * py * mted in his expestations . Ihe insolvent h-i ^ ing been aworn tx > his scheilnle , The Learned Cj'Jsmissioner gave judgment . AoLtr * e&-ng the insolvent in » very marked manner , he ezMi , " tam sorry to be-obliged to remand a person at you advanced time of life for a period much longer than B 3 S&L Since 1 flrsbtsok my seat on « this bench , " arid the- Learned Comn&M&ioner , " I t > e 7 « T met a ca 3 B that
called more strongly for the courts marked reprobaUoa . Tour balance-sheet-proves that , bRl for your pervwse disposition , all jcrxr creditors could have been paid W& in . tlie pound . Considering your &sse so discreditable , » nd it affording swsh a dangerous eaomple £ enem ! Ix , i Seel bound , notwithstanding the d-atation of youT fbxraer confinement , t » adjudge you io an imprisoiuatat of two years ( Wisbia the walls of your prison ) , at the suit of sorue one o » more of your-creditors , froicthe date of the vestisg order , and not within any Ttiies 01 liberties thereof , for making away ¦ with property . "
The insolvent was guarded by frwo of the Qcefcc'a Bench tipstaffs back to prison , greatly dejected .
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TO THE MEN OF NEWCASTLE . Lancaster Castle , July 20 , 1811 . My worthy FaiEXDs and Constituents , — Right gallantly and well you did the work ! Your conduct in the late election surpassed my most sanguine anticipations . It has outshot everything hitherto known in the history of elections . You hart ) flung into the shade vreaith , rank , station , local connectionseverything that igr . orr . neo worships , and that commands tho homage of slaves and parasites ; and you have ehosen for your representative an oppressed 71011111 of tyranny , wLose only home , at the moment you chose
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' , ¦ ' ¦'* " "' . ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ' ¦ " ¦ ~ bim , was a felon ' s cell—and whose only claims of your suffrages wore his known jove of justice , and sufferings in the cause of humanity . How am I to thank yon , men of Newcastle ? On the word of an honest man , I kno w notliow ! 1 lack both ideas and language for it . If your beaten townsman , Mr . Orel , has found you deserving of his thanks for giving him the beneflfc of some eighty or one hundred bands , how am I to return you adequate thanks for eleven thousand hearts and twice as many hands ? for you , one and all , I believe , gave me the benefit of both bands . Indeed , I cannot thank you as I should wish , nor Bball I attempt it—not , at any rate , before we meet face to face in Newcastle , which , God willing I shall be on or before the 21 lh of October next ; and then , mayhap , your representative , inspired by the
presence of bis constituents , may be able to express the sentiments which now animate him , and which make him pant for the hour when he shall be free to assist in completing the work you have so nobly begun . Till then , you must be content , my friends , to take the will for the deed . And meanwhile the country will not , I hope , fail to do you jueti . ee;—for as it was the country in general , and not you in particular , I always sought to serve , bo was the honour you conferred upon me intended for tho entire country ' s benefit , and not for my individual aggrandisemeut Yes , men of Newcastle , you hare established for yoursolves a claim on the country ' s gratitude . 1 You are fully entitled to its best thanks . You have set an example , which , if followed by every other city , borough , and county at the next
general election , will prov . ; the means of carrying our Charter without the sacrifice of a- single life , or of a shilling ' s worth of property ! and which ( had it been successfully imitated at all the recent elections ) would have , ere this , unlocked all our prison doors , and made it impossible for any Ministry to carry on the CtoTernment another three months without conceding the whole of our demands , as set forth in the People ' a Charter . If this has not already happened , the fault was neither yours nor mine . You have done all that ouo constituency could do , and I have done all ( during the last seven years ) that one man could do , to get the work done ; but I had no cordial support from any quarter . The next time , mayhap , I f-hall , and if so , the people of England will owe it to the glorious txumplo you have set . I am , my Friends , Your devoted Representative and Servant , James Bbonxerhe O'Briejt .
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EXECUTION OF TflE BISHOP OF ERMELA 2 VDS MURDERER . Rudolph Kuhnapfel , the tailor , who mnrdered Bishop Von Hatten and his houskeeper , in the episcopal residence at Frauenburgh , wuatxecuted early on the morning of the 7 th mat ., on the hill about a milo from that town , ntar the Elbing-roa < t . The judgments pronounced in both ic&tancea by the criminal tribunals concurred in sentencing him to suflVr death by the wheel , commencing at the tower exfcremitiea and proceeding lipwaids ( von unten atii' ) Tho sentence was confirmed by the Royal assent , dated the 15 th ult , to which tx new form was gi » en . In Jho late reign it used to run thus : — " We have read the sentence , aad order the execution . " The present King has adopted the following phrase : — ' We have rtad this sentence , aad shall leave free " course to the law . "
The prisoner behayed iu a very regar less manner for a long time , and showed nothing Kke remorse or contrition until after the sentence of tko Court in the kist resort was made- known to him * A marked alteration then took place in his conduct On thu 28 th ult ., vrfaen the Cabinet order for his execution was read to him he was so agitated that he could not speak . He thsn -willingly received the spiritual assistance of tfrtt priftst . The day before--the execution lie confessed , and received the sacrament . The Elbiiig Zeitunrygives the following account of the- execution : — At half past fourio tha morning the prisoner was removed in a cart from Brcunsberg under a secuv-9 escort , and arrived about six o ' clock at the place appointed for the eaeeution . of
A cr ^ wa persons , excelling 10 , 600 , had asBOmbled by daylight from nil parts o ? tbe uiocssc , and it is worthy of remark that more than or . e-half of the collected'muds consisted of females . The lioanquent having alighted from the ear in a very low statte , a restorative dsauaht was administered to him , aftbr which he was conducted to tho £ 8 » ffol < l . There , on Ilis- fetters being struclf-off ; he kneeled down with tb » accompanying priest aud prayed . 'She chief of the Braunaberg tribunal then read the sentence , which ordered the execution by tweaking on . tlu-wlK . el from below ap-warda , and closed with an aiidree * to the three exec'rtioners present iu these words— " And now 1 deliver him to you for the due ialfitment of this judgment "
On bearing this the maltfaefcor looked round to the priest , Bank again on his km&ar an < l ejaculated a short prayer . T&ea rising , lie laid bmiBelf , with cahn reo . *! ution , on tLt » acatfold . and , refusing the assistance of ibu txi ; cutionfersi placeil his limbs in-the required position . This done ,, ho said with a flrm > voice— " God have mercy on B * y poor soul ! " Gae- of the executioners covered h » -face with a cloth . The terrible operation by tlia wheel n « w coraiBenoe ' . l . In ten miuivta ttie tvrotcitvi man was dead , aud > tliy body was duposi ; ed in a s ^ Sin prepared to recsive- it The spectators looked on ia a calm , orderly manner , preserving a silence suited to the awful scene before them , and the criniu d the sufferer . WSwn all was over , they dispersed quietly , but apparently under the influence of deep emotion .
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BOW-STREET . Emma Watson was placed at the baron a oharga 0 ! destitution . It appeared that she had been taken into custody by a poliw-offlcer , who , having aejn her leaniug against a doorway in King-stxee » , Westminster , thought she was a prostitute , and under that impression desired her to walk on . It was then about one o ' clock in the morning , and the wwuan , in reply to the policeman , said that she was f riemUess ; that she had no where to go , and was completely destitute . She was thereupon taken to the station-house , and the inspector , after inquiring raora particularly into the circumstances of her case , sent an officer with her to St . Margaret ' s woTkhouse . On arriving there , however , the officers attached to the workhouse actually refused to admit the poor girl , and the person whom the policeman saw said , " We aon't take in poor people at such late hours , and you know it "
Mr . Hall thought it rery extraordinary that the officers of St . Margaret's workhouse should act in this way , and sent a messenger to request the relieving officer to came to the court . Svrre time afterwards an officer belonging to the workhouse attended before the magistrate , and said that he bad been sent by the relieving officer ( who was then engaged in giving relief to paupers ) to ascertain what information Mr . Hall required . Mr . Hall inquired how the paupers obtained admission to the workhouse ? The person who attended for the parish said it was the business of the overseers and Mr . Elliot , the master of the workhouse , to admit them . Mr . Hull asked if there were any orders or instructions against the admission of casual paupers found destitute during the night , or if there was any order that poor persons should be refused relief at night when they appeared in & state of destitution ?
The officer did not know the instructions given , but he said he would ask the overseer that question . Mr . Hail remarked that a person -who could an 3 w « such a question ought to hire given his attendance in tae court . If there were any such orders or instructions tliey were of a most scandaloos nature . If there were not , the person who refused to assist destitute people was a heartless individual , and had no authority to act in such a manner . The effiwr asked if the woman beltuged to tie in question ?
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Mr . Hall—No . She doe 3 not pretend to be an inhabitant of the parish ; but , nevertheless , the parish ought to relieve casual paupers under such distressing circumstances . The prisoner was a peor girl , found destitute in the streets . She had behaved with no impropriety and ihe was -very properly conveyed to the workhouse ; but they refused to take her in . or relieve her . I want to know who gaye 8 ucb . mi order , and who anthorUed the persona at the workhouse to act in such ft manner , because it is very discreditable , and ought to be made known to the public The person who attended for the overseer stated , that he would go to the workhouse and mention to the proper authority what the magistrate had said . Upon this the individual left the court , and in the course of an hour ' s time , the overseer came to the court , and
Mr . Hall ordered the officer who took the girl into custody to place her again at the bar . The magistrate then explained to the overseer the natnre of the case , and stated that the young woman was a poor servant girl who had left her situation , and having no friend in London , and being quite destitute , was compelled to wander about the streets in the night time . Notwithstanding such distressing circumstances she was refused admittance into the workhouse . He ( Mr . Hall ) now wished to know if there was any order against the relief of casual paupers .
The overseer said that the person to whom the officer had applied could not have given the girl relief , but if be had been there he would have admitted her . He thought the inspector was to blame in not sending to him instead of applying to the person at the workhouse : Mr . Hall asked if the person at the workhouse was not allowed to exercise some discretion , and if he was always obliged to communicate with the overseer before a pauper could be admitted . ; Overseer—In cases of complete destitution we take the applicants in . Mr .-Han—Well , this young woman is entirely destitute . Overseer—I do not know about this case ; nor do I even know the nnrue of the girl yet .
Mr . Hall then stated that her name was Emma Watson , and that she bad come from Hertfordshire . It was stated that she had lately been in the service of Colonel Daniels , in Camden Town , but bad left her situation about a fortnight ago , and having no friends or relations in town , an < i having spent all her money , she was now quite destitute . The result of the inquiry was that Mr . Hall , after expressing his sympathy for the condition of the girl , advised the overseer to admit her into- the workhouse , according to the rules and regulations laid down in such cases . The Overseer promised to obey the int traction of the magistrate , and the parties left ; the court
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TO THE QUALIFIED BRICKS AND MORTAR OF THE UNITED QUEENDOM . Mr . Bricks , —I scarcely feel satisfied , as a worm of tho earth , that you eliould ( Jake upon yoaraelf so much , and so far exclude mo from a supply of the materials oat of which you , threugH my excavatioaa and labour , are permitted to exist . Know ye aoi , that were not the worms to refiee the earth and pcri ' y the soil , by a process which you yourself could net perform—the ingredients out of -which your qualification arises , would so £ kt cease to esist , that the land- would become poor ,- impure , useless , and void . SUaw me a yard of land ioipurified by the labour of the wbkbs , and I will show you a piece of poorer soil .
I assaro you , Mr . Bricks , your qualiScation , without the worms refining-, is dead and useless . Bricks cannot be made without Uvbour , nor can you nir . ke them without clay . \ Vorui 3-oaa live by use of tna soil , but eatiact the worms and the bricks will fall into dust The wind of the North 1 will scatter its su ' efstance—that your hard-dried stripped extractions will bucome useless , void , and mtt \ while the bare subsSmtial upon which you now stand ' , wjil become rathe ? weak and is secure . I feel confident , that should you still ' go on in the power of your ignorance , the worms yon ao much labour to extinguish , will piey upon your viial powers , aad ' you , through weakness , will fall a prey to-thcir devouring appetite , t . e . the extinguishing of cljss-inonopoly .
Mr . Mortar , the material * oat of which yoa- form a subsidence , is nothing EH > r& than a compound of maladntiatstnitton ; that whi « hth « worms reject , you accept , and by so doing you become more and more the comp&aions of the worm * yon tmeeringly persecute , impriHOD , and kill . The vronna are too wise to partake of poison ; therefore , how » vtw sweet the surface of the soil iiiay be made , without' the fruit the worms will Hot devour poison . Wocthb are of the earth earthy , and can- without you live ; ¦ whereas you , witliouS their labour-, -. vo-uld not be able to sabsist .
The-wo » ius ure a living cfaesa of excavators—purifiers ; cleans 999 , and romodellers - of imperfections upoa- > the earth ; , and without the living , all things would be useless : If you will destroyyou-r own strength , power , and substance , destroy the - "sroriss , the poor , rejected , despised-, persecuted , and imprisoned worms , and you yourselves will quickly become a mass of corruptiblemaUtivobnoxious to the eye , detestable to the totite , and deapioable to the presence < i £ all creeping worrus ; therefiwe ,, a » a worm I cry , su ^ me to live * that I jasy yet ftUSi that command given by God , " Be fruitful , multip jjyotnl replenish the c < urth >" And by so doing , yon will ever find me A Useful Worm ,.
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RBLaiSfl of a VicriM . —Thomas Drake , of Thornton , ev poor old veteran in tho Bradford troop , has been discharged from Boverlay * hell * -before ; the expiration &i' his term of impi-isftument . His friends intended t » welcome his return try a dinner , instead of w-hiob it has been wisely , considered to present him with a . subscription , which we hope will be sueii as to dohonowr to all concesaedi . Fcxm * . Duffy , the Whig victim , who was last week l y . ins so dangerously ill in Leeds , is somewhat reco- « re < i , although still coaSned to his bed . Mr . Hiok has received the foJlowieg eubscriptioftp , which . hav& been handed over to the proper quaateri :.
—s . d . Mfi Josh . Hobson , Leeds- ... 10 0 A- Friaad ditto- ... 0 3 Mr . Stacks ditto ... 0 6 Mr . George Myers , difcta . ... 0 3 Mr . Elaasby ditto- ... 0 6
11 6 14 is but fair to state that many of our excellent ' Chartist fsicudg hava paid their personal respects to tho injured invalid , aud have contributed to fciaueoessities . We hope this will coutiuue . A . MjOMSTEH . —A miscreant , residing at Han well , MiddlesQx , named John C&vei , a master carpenter * , was on . Friday , finally examined before the Rav . Dr . WaJoiestoy , and other , magistrates , on a charge of havia ^ repeatedly violated his own dau ^ htesva child seven years of age- A surgeon , who was presoJiS , proved the completion of the crime , and the mousier was committed to Newgate for t ? ial . Tiio particulars are of too-horrible and disgusting , a . na . tu . to to bo published .
Ai&lTKRATION ExTRJkOBBlNARY . —TftO eigh } 89 Utlt letter of ouv alphabet , R , ia tho initial of ilusseil , the champion ot Re form and Retrenchment , who Rode Rampant into power , aided by Revolutionary Rhetoric , Riots , Homage , and Rebellious Ifows , ReduoitiK Briftul aad . Nottingham to Ruins . This Ravenous Rabble Ravaged , with Ruthless ttagaciiy , the hou ^ esof tlie Rel ' aactory Tories and Radicals , — committing Robbery and Rapine . Russell is now a Railer against Ret ' . > ria—a Relentless , Remorseless , Revengeful Renegade- ^ -a Recus&nt ; Reprobating Reformers and Repadiatiag all further Reform—Refusing to Redress the grievances of 1 , 300 , 000 Chartists , whom he designates & Rabbiaaient , and Rancourously , Roguishly , aud Rigourously , Reproaches them as Revolutionists . Th » Rational Radicals Ridiculft his Ricketty , Rambling Rattleheaded policy , and look upon him as a Recanting , Raying , Retracting , Rambling , ltanoid , Ranting , Rascalion , and ft Runagate member of the Rump .
Brighton , July 26 . —Yesterday , 03 the arrival of the passengers by the first railroad coaches , a report w . is spread that a shocking accident had occurred to one of the red vans ( Pocock'B ) , froai London , and it was said that the driver and guard were almost killed , and the passengers , three or four of whom cjtue on by the railroad train , much injured . It appears that the van , which is the only night conveyance to Brighton , left at the usual time , laden with about seven tons of luggage and eight passcngftf 3 . On proceeding down Reigate-hill , the skid was put upon the wheels , when the van , which was groaning under the immense weight , broke down , crushing tho wheels , and falling on one side . The driver and guard saved themselves by jnmpiug
on , but met with several severe injuries . 1 no pas-Bcnsei-s , inside and out , were dreadfully injured by the heavy boxes , &c , in which they were literally buried . On .. extricating them , one , an elderly gentleman residing at Reigate , and who had adopted the conveyance to get homo the same ni ^ ht , was at first thought to have been killed on the spat , but was found only to have been stunned . Another had his h-. ad cut . and bruised ; a third the calf of his leg extensively injured ; in fact , noae escaped without severe injuries . The geiitleiuan who lived at Hoigate , after ho had recovered , very kindly offered his
house for the accommodation of his fellow passengers , and took charge of a young man who was se-I iously ill , and who was proceeding to Brighton for ' a change of air . As soon as tho passengers were released from their perilous situation , assistance was procured , and as 1 $ was impossible to move ihe vehicle , it was necessary to dig out under the lamp , which it was feared would sot it on fire . Vuns were forwarded in the coarse of the day to brin # the luggage to Brighton , ainongsl which were two tons of eaknon , the non-arrival of which spoiled tho dinner of numbers of indivi < iua ! s . It is rather Miigular that another of the red vacs broke down at the eaaic p ' a : c the previous i- ; g ' it . '
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A Tool . —thzi National Btates that as a hdyof Ronen was vealkin ^ on the boulevards ot that cii * two or three days ago , an elegantly-dressed yomj man , who had been noticing her for some time with very tender looks , suddenly slipped a letter into her hand , exclaiming—' Madame , Lean resist no longer ' accept this letter , or I die . " The lady was at fiW frightened , but , recovering herself , tore up tie letter without reading it . Upon this the young man knelt at her feet , and , taking ' oat a pistol , said—" Take this weapon , madame , and destroy my life with it for it would be a burden to me which you have real dered insupportable . I cannot live without vow love . " A person who was passing by knocked tha pistol ou 8 of tb > hand of the prostrate lover , and re moved the lady , who was much affected , into « neighbouring house , leaving the young madman still on his knees in the middle of the boulevards .
Tboth bt Mistakb . —The present king of Prussia is accustomed to walk out in the plain dress of 1 private gentleman , and in reference te this habit the Dorf Zeituny relates an amusing anecdote . As his Majesty was strolling about in the nei ghbourhood of Sana Souoi , he met a woman scolding and beating an ass , yoked in a milk cart ; the donkey was ob . stinate , and showed no disposition to move . The king asked her why she put herself in such a pag . sion ? "O , Sir , I must make haste with my milk and this stupid animal stands still here , in spite of all I can say to him . If I am not in time with my milk at Potsdam I shall be ruined . But I know his whim . If I had any body to take hold of him by the car while I beat him behind , he would then en The seized the the
on . " king ass firmly by ear , and the milk woman applied the lash unsparingly to his rump . The donkey , getting into a trot , proceeded on his way without farther urging , and the poor woman dismissed her unknown assistant with % thousand thanks . When the king returned from his walk , he gave the Queen an account of the setrice he had performed . Her Majesty appeared to have some scruples about the decorum of such adventures on the part of her royal consort with milkwom ' en , and she said , "Dear Fritz , doings of this sort might do very well for a Crojvn Prince , but it is quite a different thing far a king . " ' ()' my dear , " interrupted the monarch , " it is nothing out of th « way . I assure you that my father has helped forward many anassin his time . "
MiT » DEB at Exeter . — The body of a young gentleman named Bennett , was on Saturday last taken ont of the river Kxe , close to the city . He was missing daring the day , and from its being known that ho had been in the neighbourhood of the spot where he was found , a search was immediatel y instituted , and at half-past five the body was taken up . His watch and money were gone , and from the appearaaee of his head he evidently had received some tremendous blows . The brjdgo of the nose was broken r &oth eyes were blackened , the forehead was bruised above tho right eye , and the lipa were bruised and cut by being pressed against tne testh with violence . A Coroner ' s Inquest was fixed for Monday , but the Coroner decided on holding the inquiry with ctosed doors . A man is in custody who , it is rumotwed , committed the ofiVnce ; aad a woman of ill fame is said to have confessed having seen tho murder cammiUed .
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From the London Gazette of Friday , July 23 . EiNKEBPH . William Newton and Jobn Newton , Macclesfleld , silk throwsters , to sumnder Asgast 3 , at one , September 3 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitors , Messrs . Cr » wder and Maynard , Mansion Bouse Place ; official assignee , Mr . Pecnell . William Butterworth , Peckhasn , corn-merchant , . August 3 , September 3 , at half-past eleven , at the Sourt ot Bank > uptcy , Basingnall-street Solicitors , Mosrs . Rhodes , Beevor , and Lane , Chancery-lane j official assignee , Mr . Canaan , Pinsbury-square . Joshua Butterworth , Bermondsey , leather-factor , August 3 , at twelve , September » , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Biainghall-atreet . Solicitors , Messrs . Rhodes , Beevor , and Lana , Chancery-lane ; official assignee , Mr . Cannan Finsbury-square .
Thomas Lvngham , Crosa-lane , St . Mary-at-Hill , winemerohant , July 30 , at half-past twelve , September 3 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Jfesinghall-street . otficial assignee , Air . Graham , Basinghall-street . Joha Fox , Minories , tailorj Jaly 30 j September 3 , at twfcl * e , at the Court of BaBkruptcy , Bfcsiugball-atreet . Solicitor , Jlr , Biggenden , Waibrook ; oSBcial assignee , Mr . Tarquand , CopthaU-buildinga . John Morris , Eari's-court ; Leicester-square , cowkeepej , August 4 . at twelve ; Ssptt-mber ' 3 , at eleven , at tVieGburtof Bankruptcy , Basingball-street . Solicitor , Mr . Stttith , Barnard ' s Inn ; oJScialassignee , Mr . Graham , Baaingliall-street Cuaelea Strutton , Nine Blrus , Surrey , timber-mer * chant , August ' 3 . at one . September S , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , BasiflghaU-StreeL Solicitors , Messnh Newbon and EvanSiWanirobe-gJace , Doctors ' Oummona ; official assignee , Mr . Turq ^ aau , Copthallbuildines .
Oeosga Baldry , jun ., Ipswich , innkeeper , July 31 , September 3 , at twelve , at the Angel kin , Bury St . Bamund's . Solicitors , Messrs . Way man and Green , Bury St . Edmund ' s ; and Messrs . Walter and Peniberton , Sysaond's Inn , Chancery-lane . H « nsrj Cunlitfo , Greeii Ha-worth , Lanoashire , shopbeeper , August 14 , at ten , September 3 < at eleven , at tho Town Hall , Pteston . Solicitors , Messrs . Wiglejworth , Bidsdaie , and Oraddock , Gray's Inn ; and Mr . Kobinssn , or Messrs . Wilkinson and Binyon , Black * burn , Lancashire . ¦ Beuj » inin Colemun , Liverpool , stockbroker , August dj September 3 , at one , . at the Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool . Solicitors , Mr . Cross , Iiverpool ; and Messrs . Vincent and Sherwood , King's- Bench-wait , Inner 'leuiple .
John Green and William Green , TOetherby , Yorkshire , timber-merchants , August 6 , September 3 , at eleven , at the Guildhaty Yorir . Solicitors , Messra . Johnsoa , Son , and Weatherall , King ' s . Bench-walk , '• Bempte ; and Mr . Leemaa * York . Riebard Westheaii , Waterloo , Larjcashke , victualler , August ff , Se ^ ttmber 3 ; at twelve , at the Clarendon Roe-rnp , Liverpool . Solicitors , -Messrs .. Holme , Loftus , and Young , New lun , London ; and Mr . Yates , jun ., tdverpoel .
DISSOLUTIONS OF PAETNEBSBIP . A . G . Robinson and H . W . Blackburn , BradfordL woolstoplers . A . Henry , W . F . Scholfield , W . K . Johnson , H . Todd , and W . Firth , Leeds , general commission agents ; so far as regards H . Todd . J . SUniland and A . Staniland , Singaton-upon-HulJ , ahipbrokew . 1 £ Jotanstun and A . L . Saul , Manchescer , stockbrukerf . K . Dierden and E . Dierdeh , Newton-in-tlie-Willow * , Lancashire , grocers . W . Hudson aud J . B . Hudson , Manchester , calico-raanufacturers . W . S . Birch and H . Birch , Salford , Lancashire , grosera . J . Milne , J . Travis , sen ., J . Milne , J . Milne , jun ., J . Travis , jun ., G . Travis , B . Travis E . Travis , and J . Hoyle , Olduara , cotton-spinners ; sciar as regards J . Hoyle . D . Drake aa « i W . W . CHover , Watcfleld , tobacco-in ; inaractureH .
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From ths ,. Gazette of Tuesday , July 27 . BANKRUPTS ^ Mary Warda !!* lodging-house keeper , Carey-street , Linceln ' a-inn , to , aurrender , August 3 , at half-past one , and September 7 , at eioven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , BasingJuiU-street . Graham official assignee , BMiughall-str 8 « t ; Webb , Carey-street , Lincoln ' s-inii . George Stanley , bituminous pavement manufacturer , Southampton , August 4 , at baJS post ten , and Sentemkr 7 , at twelve , at kho Court of Bankruptcy . Turquand , Copthall-buil « iing 8 , official assignee ; Lambert , Raymondbuildingu , ( afay ' a-inn . Jonas Bead ley , iron-merduait , Huddenaeld , Yorkshire , August 10 , at one , aud September 7 , at eleven , at the Court-house , Bradford , Yorkshire . Walter and Pembertca , Symond ' s-iaiv London ; Tolson , Brad " ford . * ¦
William Haskayne , ahiy-ehandler , Liverpool , Avgurt 14 , and September 7 , at one , at the Clarendon-rooms , Liverpool . Leigh , George-street , Mansion-house , London ; Leather , Liverpool . Thomas Porter , egg-n » rchanf , Liverpool , Augast U , and September 7 , at two , at tho Clarendon-rooms , Liverpool . - Cornthwaiie , Dean' 8-court , Doctor ' s-comrawis , London ; Corntkwaite , Liverpool-James Woods , hosse-dealer , Roundhill , Lancashiif , August 7 and September 7 , at eleven , at the Swan run , Bolton-le-Moora . Cragg , Harpur-street , Red Lionsquare , London ; Robinson , Blackbnrn . James Patterson , warebonsemaD , CatMton-stree ^ London , Augusta , atone , and September ? , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Whitmore , official assignes , Basinghall-street ; Simpson and Cobb , Austinfriars .
Benjamin Baraon , iron-master , Binafngham , Avgnst 3 and Septeiuber 7 , at two , at the Waterloj-rocnra , Birmiagliam . Chaplin , Gray ' s Ian-square , Lo . don j Richards , Birn . ingnain . ¦ John Lloyd and William Lloyd , cabinet-makeffl , Atherstooe , VFarwickshire , August 18 , at two , at the Red Lion Inn , Atherstone , aud September 7 , at twelve , at tho Newdigate Arms , Nuneaton , Warwicka ' aire . Uawkina , Bloxhaiu , and Stacker , KeW BosWB 1 * isottrt , Cirey ^ troet , London ; Power and Pilgriin » Athei * stoue . John Heap , Jan ., merchant , Manchester , August 1 *» at ten , and September 7 , at three , at t ' je Coainiiasioners' -rooms , Manchester . Makinson and Sandew , Elm-court , Middle-teruple , London ; Atkinson Md Saunders . Manchester .
John Gratrix , machine-maker , Yr s 3 ton , August 1 T > Bt two , and Septeiubei * 7 , &t ele- fen at tne Townhail , Preston . Mayhew , jokuS . ) ' awt Majbe * , Carey-street , Lincohi 8-inn , Lov iJn . Backhurst and Sou , Preston . ' William White and Tho- . flas Broad , wine and brandy merchant , Newport , isie of wight , August 9 and September 7 , at t * eive at the Bugle fan . Newport Dimmed , 8 i 30- ' iane Bu-klers ^ ury , London ; AUin . Newport ,
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the " LlBE&XTOR" £ > w driven off the estates , as the price of that " Emancipation" which gave him & seat in Parliament ; well vronld it have been for these poor sacrificed creatures , if there had been an English l » w of selilemeTd to compel the Bavage landlords to keep them ; and in that case , indeed , they would never have been driven off the estates , and , finally , as they were , exposed ta all the horrors of famine and pestilence . We now come to two assertions , ¦ which , from their character , and from one and the same terming applicable to both , ought not , fer a moment , to be separated ; namely , 1 . That , in the town of Shrewsbury , you saw placards , on which w # re inscribed the words , " Vagraxts ar . d IrisA Laboueehs whipped out of ihe icim ; " and , 2 . That " Mr . Stcbges Bourse made an impr ' oTejiitnt in Vie law ; for HE provided that , after the Irish laboubeb Ira * whipped , hethould be seni home . " As you positively assert that you saw these placards at SIirew « bury , I must suppose that Shrewsbury is in Ireland ; f ot I am sure you never bsw such a placard in England . Tbis town is certainly in Tipperary or Connaught , or somewhere : at any rate , I assert that you never saw it in an English town . As to the second of
this couple of assertions ; first , in no bill ever brought in by Stxhges Bocks e is there one single word abont " Irish labourers , " and in no law that is now in existence , or that ever was in existence , is there any provision for , or one word about , the whipping of Irish labourers . Therefore had you not said that the matter of tbis speech was the frnit of yonr " daily thoughts , nightly musings , and morning meditations , " I should have concluded that it was the subject of a dream , or an effusion , emanating from an exhilarating draught at Bellamy ' s .
But roppoae we were to disregard the sufferings of the Irish here ; were to let them die in the streets , instead cf se-nding them home , we should only be acting npon y-mt oicn princip l e ; for you propose to leave the stranger , even in his own connt-ry , without any relief at alL Bntbow can yon , Sh , reconcile with yoor profession of a desire to sea the two countries cordially nnited ; how can you reconcile with this profession this axsertinn , thnt there is a law , in England , authorising tiie irhipping of Irish labonrers before they be sent home 1
I nope that some one baa told you the story , and tmt want of time prevented yon from looking after this late . The falsehood being eo entire , it not having a shadow of train to give it conatenance , I cannot heJp hoping that this is tte case . I see , in the course of the year , many hundreds of thfcm going off to Bristol in Tery commodious caravans , drawn by good horses , smoking their pipes , and full of yonr admired " icild merriment . " N « ver are they whipped , arid there is no Uw for whipping them , in any case , in which an Englishman would not be whipped .
Equally desliluie of truth is the assertion , that " clerey : uen of the Church of England have suorn , that , out of every I 11 &U 11 " . Yemen cf the poort-r classes , that were married by thru ; , nintlttn utre piegnant . " No clercyin ^ n in Ecg ) and erer strove this , and no one ever s : iiil it . Tin tale is a grois misrepresentation t-f evidence fiv ? n before a committee of the House of Commons in IS-JS , vi Leu the cversteT of Pelhani , in Hertfordshire , ' . / old the committee , that nearly the whole of tha yocny women Trere pregnant bsiore they wrre marriert ; because , being to * poor to p-jy th < - cxpehces of the wedding .
they generally put it off , till the parish teas g . ud to pay for iL Bat 'sraa tiiis the fault of the p ^ or laws ? Ao ; but . as was shown by the smie evidence , tae fault of the taxes which made the farmers unable to puy the labourers a sufficiency of wages , and that this latter &a ' -ie ihe labourers so poor , that they were unible . to gst married before the pregnancy became obvious to tae parish 1 fflcers . Thus the poor laws , instead of being the ecus ' , of this shame to the young peeple , actually cam- in and prevented the children being born out of wt-dlotk .
The same may be said of yonr statements relative to tbe letting ont of the English labonrers to hire to the highest bidder , and of all the other degrading measures adopted fcy orersf ers . They are abuses of the poor" laws , and not e-viis created by the poor laws : they have arisen out of rectnl alterations in those laws , and not ont of those Is » w 3 thf-mseives , as is clear from the fact , that those laws existed for about two huniired years before any of these evils and oppressions wera ever heard of . As tc this farming of ihe poor , snpposing it to be done t !' tsin j' : st principles , what i » it mare than putting diUaren io be board ^ i by ihe year 1 If care be taien that the contractor do what he ought to do , there ia noticing either unjust or degrading in thU ; and if he do not do his duty , and the poor people complain , the payers of tte . rates have no interest , and can have no inclination to uphold him in his wrong-doing . So that thU is a ptrfectly futile objection to poor laws , of which , howeviT , this species of contract forms no essential part .
Your next suitemesfc is , that " in eonsequence of ths i poor laws , the FIRES are i , ovc Mazing in England frei » - north io soaih . " Tte cause of these fires is well known - it ia openiy avowe-1 , it h specific ; anJ it is , that the ; fanners do not give Ihe labourers so nnech icages as Utey ! s ; rjr tkty ought to hate , tnia is notoriously the cause . In m&uy cases the jiies have stopped when the -wageshave been raised ; and have begnn a ^ ain when the v-ages hate been laictrtd . This has , indeed , been the ' case all over the country - and , in thu fcce ot these i weJi-knirtrn faisis , coasi lerisg aUo th » v the poor-laws bars txmed atxmt two hundred and forty years , and ! never piodmced such efiV-u before , it required , cer- i toinly , nothing short of a Itsblin audien 9 e to embolden j you to describe fcht > FISES as " a conzeotience ai tUo r poor-lam f after "which , tra ;* need to wonder if you were to ascribe th « national debt and the cholera morons to the poor-lairs ?
Toa haV 8 known " committee after committea sit in I vain , to discovtr some way of making an elective ame- j liomiie * in the poor-iaws . " Have you , inieed and so j ha » e 1 too . But that may be an argument in favour cf the pooT-iftws . Lord Co&e said , tiiit M ^ gna j Cqaeia - * a& too strong afeilotrta be orercsaie by puny j acts of Parliament ? ' and the same inaf be said of Old j Betsys po&r-lavr . But , do you fenow what the 7 mean i by li omaiioraikw . ! 1 will tsU yon :. taking away the ' relief . This is- what they have been trying , at for about j twenty years . Bat they find the law " too strong a i fellow" for theai- It is tbe Magna Chart * of the work-1 ing people ; it is written in tbair hearts ; tbe writing j deseands from , tha heart ef the father to thai of the son ; i
and Sod forbid = that it should eTer be eSaced ; for , if I ever that day eame , English society and Eiauliah man-1 ntrs , and English happiness , will all be ttfaeed along ' with it , and tire world will lose the example of a working-pec-pJi ,. such as it sever had ia any other : country upon earth . Now , Sir , before I come to your general and sweep- j ing denunciations against the English poor-laws , let ' me , in nnishbBg these particular assertions and argu- i meats , jnst pat ander yonr eyes one remaining asser-1 ties 1 it is tMa ^ " Apotheesries to sttpply the poor | with medicine * are hired , whose interest it is , thrt the j sick p * or should die as soon as pomb'e-, in order that ' they may bo at the ? f& * expense for niedieincs . " This , too ' , was the remit of your " thoughts by day , yonr musines by ai ? ht , and your norning meditations , " was jt ? if yoa , Sir , can now again see this yonr insrinna- ; tkm npon paper , and not change colour , anything j a-. ldressed to yon , though fey a pen a million times as-j eloqaent as mine , must be wholly thrown away . <
Leaving yoa to consider of , to think , Biuse , and medw tate on , the figure you make before Ecgiisainen , with this icsinnation on yonr lips , I now come to yoa * sweeping assertions relative to the eSfects of the poorlaws , and to the picture which yoa gWe ns of the peoy !» of ihe two countritiS so much in favour of the Irish . Yen told your cheering audience , that the poor-laws made slaves of the EngKeh working-people ; that it eompUtriy destroyed iktir character for indeperutextx ; that yoa preferred the tciJd merriiotnt ot the Irishman to the half sulky , hatf-missrruble tones of the En ^ lith stare to the poor-laws ; that the Ir ' ushman certainly had his distresses [ indeed !) . but then be had his hspes [ of what ?] , tee endured much luistry , but then h « entertained expectations of redress . '
Here , it sewns , there was ' ffreai cheering ; " and well there might , if the matter cunveyed surprise as agreeable to your audience as It doss to ma Well , then , here yen wipe away the heavy charge of onr poor" halfsul ^ y , hall-miserable" slaves having made the Irish poor J And if thia really be the state of the Irish peopl e 'and wao can doubt it since you say it is ); if they have those cheering hopes anil fiowery expectations ; if they save in yonth -wherewithal to support them in age ; if ibey have dispensaries in all the villages , a"d hospitals in all the ceunty towns ; and if they be las under such happy circunstances they naturally must be ) wild in merriment ; this being ( as we now ki . » w it is ) theii state , then , upon my word , if ttey still come tore to mock with their mirth onr poor , " half-su ' iky" souls , ]
shall be for giving their tides a little firklng , a Jo . SJ ; reirsb » ry ; for " "United Kingdom" here , or " United Kingdom ti ) 3 re" there , they are not to c-. ine here -with . their" wild merriment , '" and taunt ns tvith onr " halfmiserable" tones ! However , when I get upon the same flocr withyon , wewjjl 6 conmakean £ qcitabieadjn 3 tn 2 ent as to this matter , at any rave . You shall move and 1 will second a bill , which when it become a law , shall be called the Act of Kkciprocity , giving you power th whip all the " half-miserable" English slaves that go to Ireland , and me power to whip all the youths of " wild merriment ** that coice to England . This would set all to rights in & tries : yoa would preserve your " green island * from the contagion of the sulks ; and if 1 did not clear our * of th « . " wild merriment , " there
skocld be neither whalebone nor whipcord left in England . ¦ But now let U 3 ( and soberly , if it be possible ) take a more minute look at these general Jis 3 ertiens made by you . They , taken fairly and without exaggeration , amount to this : that tLs English poor lawa degrade a people , destroy all independence » f spirit , and , in fact , make them slaves . Btfore I come to ufe you how these assertions are sustained by the comparative condition and character and manna-a of the English and the Irish , yoa will perhaps permit me to aek you how Moses came to make such ample provision for the indigent
poor ; hovr * HE APOSTLES came to do the tame , and to establish the order of Deacons for the express purpose of superintending the tables at which the poor were relieved ; how the Catholic Church came to receive all lands and other real proper ; y , as well as gifts in money , in the r .-. me of ihe poor , and in no other name ; now that ciut . ch came to allot one-third part at the tithes to tte poor , wh ' clj in Ireland , you say , tha Prc : cstiEt paifccns " f ' ched '' from tb-m : yea will , perhaps , permit in ; to ask yon how all this came to be , Ifpoorlarrt , that is to siy , regular rdiefto the indigent , have a natural tendency to cegrcde , break down the spirit , and enslave men ; for , mind , the act of Old
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Betsy only came to supply the place of the certain and regular parochial relief , before secured to the people by the statute as well as the common and the canon law . — You will , I dare say , answer , by saying , that if Moses , the Apostles . St . Austin , Pope Gregory , and the makers of Magna Charts , had been aware of the manifold blessings of stinking shellfish , sea-weed , nettles , and agitx-Hon , they wonld nave made an exception as to the ' green island . " Well , but the mere colour cannot signify much in such a case ; and then let me ask yon , whether you deem the people of the United Statesif America to be degraded , destitute of independent spirit , and slaves ? ( To be continued in our next . J
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LIBERALITY OF THE MIDDLE CLASSES A Correspondent writes thu » : " -Ai great number of the working sinews have lately Bent io their claims-to the ovtraacva 0 $ the various jarishea of the Tower Hamlets , ; uuor , gat whom is a friend of mine , ( a Mr . Kogers . ) Y ! c 6 t « day morning , on leaving home , ho desired his- ' wifo , if the landlords avlled , to tell him that he ( Mr . ltogers ) had sent in his- ai&tiii to be registerad . Shortly af tar- the landlord called , to whom tho wifs delivered tha . information te < ivuj 3 ted by her husband , when the following dialogue conuiieaeed .- — Lmdlord—What ia your hushand , a Whig or Tory . ? Wife—I don't know the uxaaaing . ef either one or the other .
Laadloidi-Il ^ ott cannot woat . ms politics are , can you tell , m * who he would-have voted for , had-he had a vote at the late election ? > Wife—YaSa , Sir , Mr . Thompson . Landlord—Mr . Thompson ! why ,, then , your husband is a downright Radical ; ha shall ni > t live in this house any longer .-tha « the end cf tha .-nioath : then taking . a pen and iak , he wrote the following , notice : — Mr . Geo&ge Rogers , —Sirv 1 hereby giv * you notice to quit , and deliver up possession of the house you now hold of me , No . 10 * , H * ath-street , Commercial Road , on or before the 24 tu of August , 1841 . Wx . 3 . Francis , LaEdlord .
Date&tbe 36 th of July , 18-11 .. Kows , this Mr . S . Francis is- a broker , residing in Uatcliftlii ^ hway , and , in fature , I hope every Radical of the Uowtr Hamlets wiil ahun him and his shop as they would the devil and hall . No doubt , this Mr . Fninsb-calls himself an hossat , upright , and lionourahlesian . How , I , think , it requires no logic cf mine to \» ai ^ that he must bt * a downright blackguard , or otberwiec he would not 5 e guilty of suck a base ai . d tyrannical action . This ,, with ten thiauand similar instances , shows the foliacy of the ballot without UBlvewal Suffrage , ( as hi a limited constituency the political opinions of householders would bo known ) , aod > landlords in general would act a similar- trick , e 3 pacially when their tonant ' s opinions would be in direet opposition to thai of their owa .
In conclusion , I must say , that ao nun can . be an honest nian , to deny hiafellow-man the exeregse of that to which tha laws of his country entitle hits , and the principles of justice I ' . amanus of him .
258»Fcttq4& &C.
258 » fcttq 4 & &c .
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BUONTERRE'S PETITION FUND . TO THE CEAKT 1 STS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Gestlemes , —We , Mr . James Bronterre O'Srisn ' s Election Committee , Jfewcastlerapon-Tyne . consider it our duty to eabmit the case 06 that gentlemen-to the Chartut body gent-rally , confidant that his Csst-rate talents and services to the causa- of British libe * iy will command tbe aid necessary to lender his exertlvns still more powerfut , by securing foa him that representative authority wai « h he was legally invested wiUi by an overwhelming majority of befch the electors . * nd nonelectors of tkia borough .
It will be , boWfcver , unnecessary to enter into a full dfct&il : suf&ie it to say , that immediately oa the declaration of tbe Returning Officer ( which waa the moat absurd aad uDJust affair ever witnessed ) , one of Mr . O'Brien ' s committee rose and protested against tho injustice af the decision . The Committea then retired to their meeting room , drew up a formal protest , and appointed a deputation to carry it to the Sheriff , who admitted , in the interview ¦ with the deyatation , what Le had admitted en th « hustings , and what was obvious to all prasent on the occasion , viz ., that Mr . O'Brien was indisputably the choice of a great majority of thft citisess of Newcastle .
Since the election , -we ( the committee ) nave lost n « 4 a raement in prosecuting the claims of Mr . O'ikwn . Legal proceedings are now pending ; and -we have already received the opinions of several emineui professional gentlemen , all of whom admit the obvious legality of Mr . O'Brien ' s claims . The entire expenco ¦ which , may be ineutreti v ? ill not exceed from £ 40 to £ 60 ; and , considering U » o magnificent mind , tbo incorruptible heart , and th » indefatigable disposition of Mr . O'Brien—whose abilities would be rendered a thousand-fold more powerful on his accession to tbe House of Commons—we rest wilh a certainty that this appeal will inatantly procure a sufficient sum to carry out this glorious und * jrtaking . It would bi but a trifld for evary district
Mr . O'Connor has been appointed treasurer ; the contributions should therefore be forwarded to him . Let every town appoint a committee , witk a sab-treasurer , and let the Government behold , Vy the activity and energy of our conduct , that we aro worthy ol the services of so exalted & patriot By order of the Committee , j oun Mason , chairman , James Sinclair , sub-treasurer , No . 3 , Pipewellgate , Gatesheadon-Tync . Mr . O'Brien ' s election committee have got 2 , 000 copies of his address , ( of the 23 rd June and of 20 th of July , to the electors and non-electors of Newcastle , < fcc , as corrected by himself ) struck off , in pamphlet form , which they intend to sell at Id . each . Any person may be supplied with any number , by applying to the Secretary , James Sinclair , No . 3 , Pipewellgate , QaVeshead .
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6 TIE NORTHERN STAB . ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 31, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct390/page/6/
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